MIR29A

Summary

MIR29A (microRNA 29a, HGNC:31616) is a microRNA gene on chromosome 7q32.3.

microRNAs (miRNAs) are short (20-24 nt) non-coding RNAs that are involved in post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression in multicellular organisms by affecting both the stability and translation of mRNAs. miRNAs are transcribed by RNA polymerase II as part of capped and polyadenylated primary transcripts (pri-miRNAs) that can be either protein-coding or non-coding. The primary transcript is cleaved by the Drosha ribonuclease III enzyme to produce an approximately 70-nt stem-loop precursor miRNA (pre-miRNA), which is further cleaved by the cytoplasmic Dicer ribonuclease to generate the mature miRNA and antisense miRNA star (miRNA*) products. The mature miRNA is incorporated into a RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC), which recognizes target mRNAs through imperfect base pairing with the miRNA and most commonly results in translational inhibition or destabilization of the target mRNA. The RefSeq represents the predicted microRNA stem-loop.

Source: NCBI Gene 407021 — RefSeq curated summary.

At a glance

• Gene type: non-coding (miRNA) — no protein product; not a drug target. Variant/disease associations are omitted (they would be positional, from an overlapping protein-coding gene).

Identifiers

Gene identifiers

Field	Value
HGNC ID	HGNC:31616
Approved symbol	MIR29A
Name	microRNA 29a
Location	7q32.3
Locus type	RNA, micro
Status	Approved
Aliases	hsa-mir-29, hsa-mir-29a
Ensembl gene	ENSG00000284032
Ensembl biotype	miRNA
OMIM	610782
Entrez	407021
RNAcentral	URS00004E9304 — miRNA, 64 nt, 31 organism(s)

Gene structure

Transcript identifiers

Ensembl transcripts: 1 — 1 miRNA

ENST00000362111

RefSeq mRNA: 0 — MANE Select: None

Canonical transcript exons

ENST00000362111 — 1 exons

Exon	Start	End
ENSE00001436874	130876747	130876810

Expression profiles

Bgee: expression breadth broad, 81 present calls, max score 94.83.

Top tissues by expression

81 total, by Bgee expression score (0-100, higher = more expressed):

Tissue	Anatomy ID	Expression score	Quality
epididymis	UBERON:0001301	94.83	gold quality
adrenal tissue	UBERON:0018303	88.44	gold quality
midbrain	UBERON:0001891	86.95	gold quality
sural nerve	UBERON:0015488	85.93	gold quality
bone marrow	UBERON:0002371	85.85	gold quality
olfactory segment of nasal mucosa	UBERON:0005386	85.52	gold quality
vermiform appendix	UBERON:0001154	84.93	gold quality
calcaneal tendon	UBERON:0003701	82.40	gold quality
kidney	UBERON:0002113	82.21	gold quality
liver	UBERON:0002107	79.72	gold quality
blood	UBERON:0000178	79.19	gold quality
renal glomerulus	UBERON:0000074	79.05	gold quality
placenta	UBERON:0001987	78.65	gold quality
muscle of leg	UBERON:0001383	77.83	gold quality
body of stomach	UBERON:0001161	76.23	gold quality
right lobe of liver	UBERON:0001114	75.92	gold quality
stomach	UBERON:0000945	75.78	gold quality
gastrocnemius	UBERON:0001388	73.17	gold quality
islet of Langerhans	UBERON:0000006	72.32	gold quality
right atrium auricular region	UBERON:0006631	72.31	gold quality
descending thoracic aorta	UBERON:0002345	72.06	gold quality
gall bladder	UBERON:0002110	71.72	gold quality
heart	UBERON:0000948	70.96	gold quality
right ovary	UBERON:0002118	70.89	gold quality
monocyte	CL:0000576	70.87	gold quality
endometrium	UBERON:0001295	70.74	gold quality
body of pancreas	UBERON:0001150	70.38	gold quality
omental fat pad	UBERON:0010414	69.84	gold quality
right adrenal gland cortex	UBERON:0035827	69.84	gold quality
tibial artery	UBERON:0007610	69.50	gold quality

Single-cell (SCXA)

Detected in 1 experiment(s), a significant marker in 0.

Experiment	Marker?	Max mean expression
E-ANND-3	no	1.47

Regulation

Is transcription factor: no

Upstream regulators (CollecTRI, top): NR1H4, PPARG

Literature-anchored findings (GeneRIF, showing 40)

• MIRN29A(microRNA 29a) is one of the human microRNAs which target the nef trsnacript in HIV-1 as evidenced by computational predictions. (PMID:16236258)
• Loss of specific miRNAs can contribute to increased BACE1 and Abeta levels in sporadic Alzheimer’s disease. (PMID:18434550)
• miR-29 acts as a regulator of cardiac fibrosis and represents a potential therapeutic target for tissue fibrosis in general. (PMID:18723672)
• miR-29 is epigenetically silenced by an activated NF-kappaB-YY1 pathway and is associated with rhabdomyosarcoma. (PMID:18977326)
• Cellular miRNA hsa-miR29a downregulates the expression of Nef protein and interferes with HIV-1 replication. (PMID:19102781)
• down regulation of miR-34a, miR-29 and miR-17-5p in aggressive CLL with TP53 abnormalities (PMID:19347736)
• Data showed that miR-29a negatively regulated collagen IV by directly targeting the 3’UTRs of col4a1 and col4a2. (PMID:20067797)
• miR-29 inhibits CDK6 protein & mRNA levels by direct binding to 3’-untranslated region. Down-regulation of miR-29 could cooperate with cyclin D1 in mantle-cell lymphoma pathogenesis. (PMID:20086245)
• Our data indicate that miR-29a regulates early hematopoiesis and suggest that miR-29a initiates acute myeloid leukemia by converting myeloid progenitors into self-renewing leukemia stem cells (PMID:20212066)
• Data demonstrate that miR-29 and Wnt signaling are involved in a regulatory circuit that can modulate osteoblast differentiation. (PMID:20551325)
• Results indicate that in addition to c-Myc, mir-29b-1/mir-29a expression can be suppressed by hedgehog signaling and inflammatory pathways, both commonly activated in the genesis of malignancies. (PMID:20564213)
• Data showed miR-29a expression was 4.5-fold higher in indolent CLL than in normal CD19+ B cells, whereas aggressive CLL samples showed a 3.2-fold increase. (PMID:20566844)
• Data show that t(6;7)(p25.3;q32.3) was associated with down-regulation of DUSP22 and up-regulation of MIR29 microRNAs on 7q32.3. (PMID:21030553)
• miR-29 and miR-30 regulate B-Myb expression by binding to its 3’UTR; these microRNAs play an important role in Rb-driven cellular senescence (PMID:21187425)
• The findings derived from this study identify the miR-29 family as a critical regulator of ECM expression in the TM and suggest that its modulation by TGF-beta2 may be important in controlling ECM synthesis. (PMID:21330653)
• Synthetic miR-29a represents a potential new tool to affect tumorigenesis in these lymphomas. (PMID:21471522)
• methylation-dependent tissue-specific regulation of the lncRNA MEG3 by miR-29a may contribute to hepatocellular cancer growth. (PMID:21625215)
• miR-29a, miR-29b selectively target MCT1 3’UTR ; the miR-29 isoforms are highly expressed in islets and contribute to silencing Mct1 in beta cells; miR-29 isoforms contribute to beta-cell-specific silencing of the MCT1 transporter and may affect insulin release (PMID:21646425)
• miR-29a and miR-142-3p are downregulated in acute myeloid leukemia and have potential value as molecular diagnostic markers. (PMID:21678057)
• the regulatory relationship between miRNAs and the p42.3 gene (PMID:21998710)
• A significant inverse relationship between miR-29a and total MMP-2 was identified in the thoracic aortic aneurysm specimens. (PMID:22010139)
• Findings suggest that serum miR-29a has strong potential as a novel noninvasive biomarker for early detection of CRC with liver metastasis. (PMID:22018950)
• MiR29 suppresses DNMT activity and thus induces expression of COX2 and PGE2 during influenza A virus infection. (PMID:22072783)
• miR-29 antagonism may promote increased elastin levels during conditions of elastin deficiencies. (PMID:22095981)
• an increase of miR-29a, and hence decrease of Nasp, may contribute to inhibit cell proliferation during postnatal organ development. (PMID:22194605)
• miR-29a/c could be potential biomarkers for colorectal cancer early recurrence. (PMID:22348113)
• There is a significant impact of miR-29a on the risk of recurrence in patients with stage II but not in patients with stage I colon cancer. (PMID:22426940)
• miR-29a and miR-142-3p are key regulators of normal myeloid differentiation and their reduced expression is involved in acute myeloid leukemia development. (PMID:22493297)
• The expression of miR-29a in serum was significantly increased in patients with multiple myeloma compared to healthy donors. (PMID:22712836)
• MiR-29 expression is suppressed by progestins in breast cancer cells. (PMID:22751119)
• we demonstrate that loss of endogenous miR-29, derived from the miR-29ab1 genomic cluster, results in unrestrained T-bet expression and IFN-gamma production (PMID:22772450)
• summarize current knowledge on the genomic organization and regulation of the miR-29 family and we provide an overview of its implication in cancer suppression and promotion as well as in host immune responses (PMID:22934851)
• miR-29a up-regulation is involved in glucose-induced proliferation of beta-cells. (PMID:22940552)
• analysis of novel targets for miR-29a using miRNA proteomics (PMID:22952654)
• down-regulation of miR-29a was associated with advanced clinical features and poor prognosis of the pediatric acute myeloid leukemia patients (PMID:22981932)
• Expression of miR-29a is important in the regulation of the SPARC gene expression and hepatocellular carcinoma growth. (PMID:23023935)
• Low MIRN29 expression is associated with multiple myeloma. (PMID:23100393)
• data obtained highlight the role of miRNA-29a in the regulation of osteoblastic cell apoptosis by silencing Bcl-2 and Mcl-1 and inducing E2F1 and E2F3 expression. (PMID:23113351)
• Data show that miR-29 acts via 4 target sites within the RNASEL 3’ UTR. (PMID:23113544)
• Elevated expression of miR-29 may play an important role in the pathogenesis of diseases related to fibrogenic reactions in human lung fibroblasts. (PMID:23238947)

Cross-species orthologs

2 orthologs

Organism	Symbol	Gene ID
danio_rerio	mir29a-1	ENSDARG00000081841
mus_musculus	Mir29a	ENSMUSG00000065610

Paralogs (3): MIR29B1 (ENSG00000283797), MIR29B2 (ENSG00000284203), MIR29C (ENSG00000284214)

Protein

Non-coding RNA — no protein product; not a drug target.

Function

No curated pathway, Gene-Ontology, or interaction data.

Disease & clinical

No curated disease, variant, or cancer-driver associations.

Drugs & pharmacology

No drug or pharmacology data — not an established drug target.