MIR328

Summary

MIR328 (microRNA 328, HGNC:31770) is a microRNA gene on chromosome 16q22.1.

microRNAs (miRNAs) are short (20-24 nt) non-coding RNAs that are involved in post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression in multicellular organisms by affecting both the stability and translation of mRNAs. miRNAs are transcribed by RNA polymerase II as part of capped and polyadenylated primary transcripts (pri-miRNAs) that can be either protein-coding or non-coding. The primary transcript is cleaved by the Drosha ribonuclease III enzyme to produce an approximately 70-nt stem-loop precursor miRNA (pre-miRNA), which is further cleaved by the cytoplasmic Dicer ribonuclease to generate the mature miRNA and antisense miRNA star (miRNA*) products. The mature miRNA is incorporated into a RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC), which recognizes target mRNAs through imperfect base pairing with the miRNA and most commonly results in translational inhibition or destabilization of the target mRNA. The RefSeq represents the predicted microRNA stem-loop.

Source: NCBI Gene 442901 — RefSeq curated summary.

At a glance

• Gene type: non-coding (miRNA) — no protein product; not a drug target. Variant/disease associations are omitted (they would be positional, from an overlapping protein-coding gene).

Identifiers

Gene identifiers

Field	Value
HGNC ID	HGNC:31770
Approved symbol	MIR328
Name	microRNA 328
Location	16q22.1
Locus type	RNA, micro
Status	Approved
Aliases	hsa-mir-328
Ensembl gene	ENSG00000207948
Ensembl biotype	miRNA
OMIM	613701
Entrez	442901
RNAcentral	URS000075CB46 — miRNA, 75 nt, 6 organism(s)

Gene structure

Transcript identifiers

Ensembl transcripts: 1 — 1 miRNA

ENST00000385213

RefSeq mRNA: 0 — MANE Select: None

Canonical transcript exons

ENST00000385213 — 1 exons

Exon	Start	End
ENSE00001500219	67202321	67202395

Expression profiles

Bgee: expression breadth broad, 75 present calls, max score 98.36.

Top tissues by expression

75 total, by Bgee expression score (0-100, higher = more expressed):

Tissue	Anatomy ID	Expression score	Quality
sural nerve	UBERON:0015488	98.36	gold quality
placenta	UBERON:0001987	78.93	gold quality
blood	UBERON:0000178	76.51	gold quality
prefrontal cortex	UBERON:0000451	74.82	gold quality
apex of heart	UBERON:0002098	74.49	gold quality
muscle of leg	UBERON:0001383	74.18	gold quality
fundus of stomach	UBERON:0001160	73.57	gold quality
gastrocnemius	UBERON:0001388	72.66	gold quality
mucosa of transverse colon	UBERON:0004991	70.49	gold quality
stomach	UBERON:0000945	70.26	gold quality
heart left ventricle	UBERON:0002084	69.40	gold quality
body of stomach	UBERON:0001161	69.16	gold quality
metanephros cortex	UBERON:0010533	69.08	gold quality
endometrium	UBERON:0001295	68.81	gold quality
tibial artery	UBERON:0007610	68.41	gold quality
body of pancreas	UBERON:0001150	67.86	gold quality
right lobe of liver	UBERON:0001114	66.86	gold quality
right atrium auricular region	UBERON:0006631	66.23	gold quality
esophagogastric junction muscularis propria	UBERON:0035841	66.21	gold quality
ascending aorta	UBERON:0001496	66.15	gold quality
left uterine tube	UBERON:0001303	66.10	gold quality
amygdala	UBERON:0001876	66.06	gold quality
transverse colon	UBERON:0001157	66.05	gold quality
nucleus accumbens	UBERON:0001882	65.93	gold quality
lower esophagus muscularis layer	UBERON:0035833	65.81	gold quality
skin of abdomen	UBERON:0001416	65.70	gold quality
colon	UBERON:0001155	65.47	gold quality
left adrenal gland	UBERON:0001234	65.40	gold quality
substantia nigra	UBERON:0002038	65.40	gold quality
esophagus mucosa	UBERON:0002469	65.06	gold quality

Single-cell (SCXA)

Detected in 1 experiment(s), a significant marker in 0.

Experiment	Marker?	Max mean expression
E-ANND-3	no	0.11

Regulation

Is transcription factor: no

Upstream regulators (CollecTRI, top): CEBPA

Literature-anchored findings (GeneRIF, showing 40)

• Study reports that loss of miR-328 occurs in blast crisis chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML-BC) in a BCR/ABL dose- and kinase-dependent manner through the MAPK-hnRNP E2 pathway. (PMID:20211135)
• MicroRNA-328 contributes to adverse electric remodeling of atrial fibrillation through targeting of cardiac L-type calcium channel genes. (PMID:21098446)
• MIR328 (and -519c) had greater impact on regulation of ABCG2 expression in breast cancer cells than mir-520h. (PMID:21219875)
• Studies indicate that new targets have recently been investigated as potential modulators in myeloid leukemia pathogenesis, including miR-328, BMI1, FOXOs and IL1RAP. (PMID:21373837)
• Overexpression of miR-328 is associated with non-small cell lung cancer with brain metastasis. (PMID:21448905)
• MiR-328 levels in plasma and whole blood in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) are increased compared to control subjects and may represent novel biomarkers of AMI. (PMID:21881276)
• miR-212 and miR-328 were identified to correlate inversely with ABCG2 expression under long-term imatinib treatment (PMID:22241070)
• Study shows that the expression of miR-222, miR-328, miR-197, and miR-21 combined in a predictive model is accurate at differentiating malignant from benign indeterminate thyroid lesions on fine needle aspiration (FNA). (PMID:22351693)
• The risk C allele of rs644242 had strong response to microRNA-328 but the protective T allele did not respond to microRNA-328. (PMID:22447870)
• MiR-328 has an important role in maintaining cancer stem-like SP phenotype (PMID:22453125)
• Data indicate that PTPRJ expression is regulated by miR-328 and suggest that the interaction of miR-328 with PTPRJ is responsible for miR-328-dependent increase of epithelial cell proliferation. (PMID:22564856)
• this is the first report showing that miR-328 is associated with patient’s survival time and that miR-328 might serve as an independent prognostic biomarker for glioblastoma. (PMID:23077581)
• Data indicate that microRNA miR-328 represents a potential diagnostic biomarker of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), especially for the identification of early-stage tumors. (PMID:23681013)
• results suggest that methylation patterns in the miR-328 5’-flanking region are involved in the inter-individual difference in BCRP levels in human placenta (PMID:23991164)
• High miR-328 expression is associated with glioma. (PMID:24305703)
• macrophages in the tumor microenvironment may cause increased CD44 expression through miR-328 suppression, resulting in tumor progression by enhancing ROS defense. (PMID:24318997)
• Circulating levels of miR-328, a miRNA known to promote atrial electrical remodeling by reducing L-type Ca(2+) channel density, were associated with prevalent AF. (PMID:24444445)
• Circulating miR-328 and miR-134 could be potential indicators for acute myocardial infarction, and the miRNA levels are associated with increased risk of mortality or development of heart failure. (PMID:24833470)
• miR-328 downregulation and de novo expression of CD44v9 occurred in H. pylori-infected gastric mucosa adjacent to gastric cancer compared with gastric mucosa not infected with H. pylori adjacent to gastric cancer (PMID:25479940)
• Our data offer the convincing evidence that loss of miR-328 expression may stimulate advanced tumor progression and adverse outcome via promoting cellular proliferation and invasion. (PMID:25562367)
• Upregulation of miR-328 and inhibition of CREB-DNA-binding activity are critical for resveratrol-mediated suppression of MMP-2 and subsequent metastatic ability in human osteosarcomas. (PMID:25605016)
• miRNA-328 might promote brain metastases by regulating the expression of protein kinase Calpha. (PMID:25646356)
• miR-328 affects Pulmonary arterial hypertension via promoting proliferation (IGF1 signaling) and vasoconstriction. (PMID:25660363)
• Low expression of miR-328 is associated with melanoma. (PMID:25743834)
• Circulating miR-328 downregulation is a common event and is associated with poor clinical outcome in acute myeloid leukemia patients. (PMID:26185105)
• PAK6 is directly targeted by miR-328. miR-328 inhibits cell growth and promotes cell apoptosis in prostate cancer cells. (PMID:26459798)
• In conclusion, our results suggest that miR-328 suppresses the survival of EC cells by regulating PLCE1 expression, which might be a potential therapeutic method for EC. (PMID:26773497)
• miR-328 inhibits cervical cancer cell growth and tumorigenesis. (PMID:27181358)
• Data show that microRNAs miR-18a and miR-328 were overexpressed in A549 cells. (PMID:27412935)
• The Ser/Thr-protein kinase-1 (PIM-1) was identified as a direct target of miR-328. (PMID:27448984)
• Over-expressed miR-328-3p can improve the radiosensitvity of cells by altering the DNA damage/repair signalling pathways in NSCLC (PMID:27530148)
• Circulating intestine-derived exosomal miR-328 in plasma has potential as a possible biomarker for estimating breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP) function in the intestines. (PMID:27571936)
• upregulation of miR-328 is responsible for the induction of hnRNP E2 target genes during myeloid cell differentiation. (PMID:27573788)
• Authors validated CD44 to be the direct gene via luciferase reporter assay system. We also established the negative regulatory relationship between miR-328 and CD44. miR-328 was also recognized as a potential biomarker to predict recurrence after Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection in Early Gastric Cancer patients via analysis of the recurrence-free rate among different groups of Early Gastric Cancer patients. (PMID:27923017)
• Study investigated the role of microRNA on epithelial wound repair by global microRNA silencing: for miR-328, observed significantly delayed repair in cells transfected with the inhibitor compared to control (p=0.02). Global microRNA silencing significantly decreased the repair rate of airway epithelial cells in vitro, indicating an important role of miRNA in the regulation of wound repair and that miR-328. (PMID:28347890)
• Results found miR328 expression downregulated in osteosarcoma (OS) cell line HOS2R. Its overexpression enhanced the radiosensitivity of osteosarcoma cells by inhibiting proliferation and promoting apoptosis in OS cells under radiation conditions. (PMID:29207178)
• miR-328 expression is reduced in colon cancer patients and thus inversely correlates with the classically reported upregulated SLC2A1/GLUT1 expression in tumors. (PMID:29374351)
• Results show that miR-328-5p is downregulated in breast cancer tissues. Moreover, miR-328-5p mimics inhibited MDA-MB-231 proliferation, drug resistance and cell cycle progression by targeting RAGE. (PMID:29620238)
• miR-328 has a novel role in HG-induced endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition; MEK1/2-ERK1/2 pathway is likely to be involved in the associated effects (PMID:29859985)
• In the 3rd trimester of physiological pregnancy, there is a 244% increase in expression of miR-101a and a decrease by 73% in expression of miR-328. Both of these changes can protect against fibrosis during volume overload occurring in physiological pregnancy (PMID:29962114)

Cross-species orthologs

0 orthologs

Protein

Non-coding RNA — no protein product; not a drug target.

Function

No curated pathway, Gene-Ontology, or interaction data.

Disease & clinical

No curated disease, variant, or cancer-driver associations.

Drugs & pharmacology

No drug or pharmacology data — not an established drug target.