MIR33A

Summary

MIR33A (microRNA 33a, HGNC:31634) is a microRNA gene on chromosome 22q13.2.

microRNAs (miRNAs) are short (20-24 nt) non-coding RNAs that are involved in post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression in multicellular organisms by affecting both the stability and translation of mRNAs. miRNAs are transcribed by RNA polymerase II as part of capped and polyadenylated primary transcripts (pri-miRNAs) that can be either protein-coding or non-coding. The primary transcript is cleaved by the Drosha ribonuclease III enzyme to produce an approximately 70-nt stem-loop precursor miRNA (pre-miRNA), which is further cleaved by the cytoplasmic Dicer ribonuclease to generate the mature miRNA and antisense miRNA star (miRNA*) products. The mature miRNA is incorporated into a RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC), which recognizes target mRNAs through imperfect base pairing with the miRNA and most commonly results in translational inhibition or destabilization of the target mRNA. The RefSeq represents the predicted microRNA stem-loop.

Source: NCBI Gene 407039 — RefSeq curated summary.

At a glance

• Gene type: non-coding (miRNA) — no protein product; not a drug target. Variant/disease associations are omitted (they would be positional, from an overlapping protein-coding gene).

Identifiers

Gene identifiers

Field	Value
HGNC ID	HGNC:31634
Approved symbol	MIR33A
Name	microRNA 33a
Location	22q13.2
Locus type	RNA, micro
Status	Approved
Aliases	hsa-mir-33, hsa-mir-33a
Ensembl gene	ENSG00000207932
Ensembl biotype	miRNA
OMIM	612156
Entrez	407039
RNAcentral	URS00000CBE63 — miRNA, 69 nt, 8 organism(s)

Gene structure

Transcript identifiers

Ensembl transcripts: 1 — 1 miRNA

ENST00000385197

RefSeq mRNA: 0 — MANE Select: None

Canonical transcript exons

ENST00000385197 — 1 exons

Exon	Start	End
ENSE00001500203	41900944	41901012

Expression profiles

Bgee: expression breadth broad, 79 present calls, max score 97.47.

Top tissues by expression

79 total, by Bgee expression score (0-100, higher = more expressed):

Tissue	Anatomy ID	Expression score	Quality
sural nerve	UBERON:0015488	97.47	gold quality
right hemisphere of cerebellum	UBERON:0014890	90.27	gold quality
cerebellar hemisphere	UBERON:0002245	90.14	gold quality
skeletal muscle tissue	UBERON:0001134	89.27	gold quality
primordial germ cell in gonad	CL:0000670 ∩ UBERON:0000991	82.34	gold quality
adrenal tissue	UBERON:0018303	79.08	gold quality
muscle of leg	UBERON:0001383	79.07	gold quality
bone marrow	UBERON:0002371	76.19	gold quality
gastrocnemius	UBERON:0001388	75.72	gold quality
blood	UBERON:0000178	75.08	gold quality
monocyte	CL:0000576	73.96	gold quality
tonsil	UBERON:0002372	73.81	gold quality
olfactory segment of nasal mucosa	UBERON:0005386	73.02	gold quality
heart left ventricle	UBERON:0002084	72.15	gold quality
fallopian tube	UBERON:0003889	72.09	gold quality
heart	UBERON:0000948	71.91	gold quality
right frontal lobe	UBERON:0002810	70.86	gold quality
endometrium	UBERON:0001295	70.78	gold quality
right uterine tube	UBERON:0001302	70.68	gold quality
frontal cortex	UBERON:0001870	70.45	gold quality
left adrenal gland cortex	UBERON:0035825	70.09	gold quality
left adrenal gland	UBERON:0001234	70.02	gold quality
small intestine Peyer’s patch	UBERON:0003454	69.86	gold quality
right atrium auricular region	UBERON:0006631	69.79	gold quality
Brodmann (1909) area 9	UBERON:0013540	69.44	gold quality
liver	UBERON:0002107	69.21	gold quality
body of pancreas	UBERON:0001150	69.00	gold quality
lower esophagus muscularis layer	UBERON:0035833	68.74	gold quality
lymph node	UBERON:0000029	68.69	gold quality
stomach	UBERON:0000945	68.62	gold quality

Single-cell (SCXA)

Detected in 1 experiment(s), a significant marker in 0.

Experiment	Marker?	Max mean expression
E-ANND-3	no	0.30

Regulation

Is transcription factor: no

Upstream regulators (CollecTRI, top): HMGA2, NKX2-1

Literature-anchored findings (GeneRIF, showing 40)

• miR-33a/b embedded within introns of SREBP genes targets ABCA1, a regulator of HDL synthesis and reverse cholesterol transport, for posttranscriptional repression; indicates miR-33 acts in concert with SREBP host genes to control cholesterol homeostasis (PMID:20466882)
• Data show that miR-33 is encoded within SREBP-2 and that both mRNAs are coexpressed. (PMID:20566875)
• miR-33 expression from an SREBP2 intron inhibits cholesterol export and fatty acid oxidation (PMID:20732877)
• miR-33a and -b regulate pathways controlling three of the risk factors of metabolic syndrome: levels of HDL, triglycerides, and insulin signaling (PMID:21576456)
• Data show that miR-33a has potential tumor suppressor activity, acting through inhibition of Pim-1. (PMID:21743487)
• Inhibition of miR-33a expression in apolipoprotein E knockout islets and ABCA1 overexpression in beta-cell-specific ABCA1 knockout islets rescued normal insulin secretion and reduced islet cholesterol (PMID:22315319)
• After epithelial-mesenchymal transition, miR-33a and mir-193a were downregulated in A549 cells. (PMID:22325218)
• The miR-33 regulates post-transcriptional CDK6 and CCND1 expression. (PMID:22333591)
• MicroRNA-33 has a role in atherosclerosis etiology and pathophysiology [review] (PMID:23261171)
• that miR-33a may be a potent tumor suppressor, which inhibits direct and indirect osteoclastogenesis through repression of PTHrP. (PMID:23458685)
• miR-33a regulates lipid metabolism through both arms of the miR-33a/miR-33b duplex. (PMID:23547260)
• MicroRNA-33a mediates the regulation of high mobility group AT-hook 2 gene (HMGA2) by thyroid transcription factor 1 (TTF-1/NKX2-1). (PMID:23625920)
• These results suggested that AFB1 might down-regulate beta-catenin by up-regulating miR-33a. (PMID:24015284)
• The expression of miR-33a on TGF-beta1-induced hepatic stellate cell activation may be modulated via the activation of PI3K/Akt pathway. (PMID:24100264)
• MiR-33a promotes osteosarcoma cell resistance to cisplatin by down-regulating TWIST. (PMID:24468065)
• Xuezhikang (XZK) therapy raises plasma levels of miR-33a and miR-33b, which may inhibit cellular cholesterol export and limit the HDL-raising effect of XZK. (PMID:24591767)
• The objective of this exploratory study was to measure plasma levels of miRNA-33 in patients with plaque psoriasis (PMID:24656994)
• Levels of hsa-miR-29b-3p, hsa-miR-33a-5p and hsa-miR-146a-5p are higher in plasma from elite controllers than chronic infected HIV patients. (PMID:25081906)
• miR-33a expression levels in liver tissue significantly increased with fibrosis progression in the human liver. (PMID:25155445)
• miR-33a has a role in promoting glioma-initiating cell self-renewal via PKA and NOTCH pathways (PMID:25202981)
• Report elevated MIR33a levels in liver biopsies from chronic hepatitis C patients with steatosis. (PMID:25386083)
• MicroRNA-33a inhibits lung cancer cell proliferation and invasion by regulating the expression of beta-catenin (PMID:25544258)
• Methyl protodioscin increases ABCA1 expression and cholesterol efflux while inhibiting gene expressions for synthesis of cholesterol and triglycerides by suppressing SREBP transcription and microRNA 33a/b levels. (PMID:25733328)
• MicroRNA-33a/b in lipid metabolism (PMID:25744742)
• miR-33a regulates cholesterol synthesis through the TGF-beta1/Akt/SREBP-2 pathway, as well as cholesterol efflux-related genes ABCA1 and ApoA1, in OA chondrocytes, pointing to its identification as a novel target for ameliorating the OA phenotype. (PMID:25880168)
• miR-33a functions as a tumor suppressor in melanoma by targeting HIF-1alpha (PMID:25891797)
• Expression of miR-33a/b was markedly increased in human carotid atherosclerotic plaques compared with normal arteries, and there was a concomitant decrease in mitochondrial regulatory genes PGC-1alpha, SLC25A25, NRF1, and TFAM. (PMID:26002865)
• Hyperalphalipoproteinemics present a decrease in hsa-miR-33a and higher mRNA expression of ABCA1 and ABCG1. (PMID:26051418)
• miR-33a located in the intron of sterol-regulatory elementbinding protein (SREBF2), control cholesterol homeostasis. (PMID:26084456)
• miR-33a might function as a tumor suppressor to downregulate b-catenin expression, affecting cell growth, apoptosis, the EMT, and GEM resistance. (PMID:26113407)
• Circulating levels of miR-33a and miR-33b are up-regulation in children with familial hypercholesterolemia. (PMID:26229086)
• Low miR-33b expression is associated with colorectal cancer. (PMID:26329295)
• Downregulation of microRNA33a promotes the expression CDK6, CCND1, and PIM1, and gastric cancer cell proliferation. (PMID:26352175)
• The authors demonstrated that miR-33a could impede influenza A virus replication at the stage of virus internalization by suppressing ARCN1 expression. (PMID:26498766)
• ADAM9 and ROS1 are direct downstream targets of miR-33a (PMID:26507842)
• Inhibition of microRNA-33 increases brain lipid metabolism and regulates ApoE and Amyloid-Beta levels. (PMID:26538644)
• alveolar macrophage miR-33 is up-regulated by proinflammatory cytokines and may perpetuate chronic inflammatory granulomatous disease. (PMID:26641802)
• Data suggest that MIRN-33a-5p is highly induced by TNFa and BMP-2 in bone marrow stromal cells; anti-osteogenic TNFa down-regulates SATB2 expression indirectly; pro-osteogenic BMP-2 up-regulates SATB2 expression directly. (PMID:26785690)
• These results suggest that miR-33a-5p is downregulated during Japanese encephalitis virus infection, which contributes to viral replication by increasing the intracellular level of EEF1A1, an interaction partner of the viral NS3 and NS5 proteins. (PMID:26819305)
• Hepatic free cholesterol content was significantly increased in NASH as compared to non-NASH subjects, while ABCA1 and ABCG1 protein levels significantly decreased with NASH and fibrosis progression. The relative expression of miR-33a and miR-144 correlated inversely with ABCA1 but not with ABCG1 protein levels. miR-33a/144 and their target gene ABCA1 may contribute to the pathogenesis of NASH in morbidly obese subjects. (PMID:26945479)

Cross-species orthologs

3 orthologs

Organism	Symbol	Gene ID
mus_musculus	Mir33	ENSMUSG00000065465
rattus_norvegicus	Mir33	ENSRNOG00000035547
drosophila_melanogaster	mir-33	FBGN0262393

Paralogs (1): MIR33B (ENSG00000207839)

Protein

Non-coding RNA — no protein product; not a drug target.

Function

No curated pathway, Gene-Ontology, or interaction data.

Disease & clinical

No curated disease, variant, or cancer-driver associations.

Drugs & pharmacology

No drug or pharmacology data — not an established drug target.