MIR378A

Summary

MIR378A (microRNA 378a, HGNC:31871) is a microRNA gene on chromosome 5q32.

microRNAs (miRNAs) are short (20-24 nt) non-coding RNAs that are involved in post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression in multicellular organisms by affecting both the stability and translation of mRNAs. miRNAs are transcribed by RNA polymerase II as part of capped and polyadenylated primary transcripts (pri-miRNAs) that can be either protein-coding or non-coding. The primary transcript is cleaved by the Drosha ribonuclease III enzyme to produce an approximately 70-nt stem-loop precursor miRNA (pre-miRNA), which is further cleaved by the cytoplasmic Dicer ribonuclease to generate the mature miRNA and antisense miRNA star (miRNA*) products. The mature miRNA is incorporated into a RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC), which recognizes target mRNAs through imperfect base pairing with the miRNA and most commonly results in translational inhibition or destabilization of the target mRNA. The RefSeq represents the predicted microRNA stem-loop.

Source: NCBI Gene 494327 — RefSeq curated summary.

At a glance

• Gene type: non-coding (miRNA) — no protein product; not a drug target. Variant/disease associations are omitted (they would be positional, from an overlapping protein-coding gene).

Identifiers

Gene identifiers

Field	Value
HGNC ID	HGNC:31871
Approved symbol	MIR378A
Name	microRNA 378a
Location	5q32
Locus type	RNA, micro
Status	Approved
Aliases	hsa-mir-378
Ensembl gene	ENSG00000199047
Ensembl biotype	miRNA
OMIM	611957
Entrez	494327
RNAcentral	URS00006B86A6 — miRNA, 66 nt, 10 organism(s)

Gene structure

Transcript identifiers

Ensembl transcripts: 1 — 1 miRNA

ENST00000362177

RefSeq mRNA: 0 — MANE Select: None

Canonical transcript exons

ENST00000362177 — 1 exons

Exon	Start	End
ENSE00001436940	149732825	149732890

Expression profiles

Bgee: expression breadth ubiquitous, 107 present calls, max score 93.51.

Top tissues by expression

107 total, by Bgee expression score (0-100, higher = more expressed):

Tissue	Anatomy ID	Expression score	Quality
skeletal muscle tissue	UBERON:0001134	93.51	gold quality
vermiform appendix	UBERON:0001154	90.57	gold quality
apex of heart	UBERON:0002098	88.67	gold quality
duodenum	UBERON:0002114	85.04	gold quality
urinary bladder	UBERON:0001255	84.93	gold quality
rectum	UBERON:0001052	84.23	gold quality
muscle layer of sigmoid colon	UBERON:0035805	83.68	gold quality
lower esophagus	UBERON:0013473	82.56	gold quality
lower esophagus muscularis layer	UBERON:0035833	82.55	gold quality
colon	UBERON:0001155	82.37	gold quality
smooth muscle tissue	UBERON:0001135	81.43	gold quality
transverse colon	UBERON:0001157	81.36	gold quality
lymph node	UBERON:0000029	81.17	gold quality
right atrium auricular region	UBERON:0006631	81.05	gold quality
calcaneal tendon	UBERON:0003701	80.86	gold quality
intestine	UBERON:0000160	80.68	gold quality
muscle of leg	UBERON:0001383	80.66	gold quality
esophagogastric junction muscularis propria	UBERON:0035841	80.32	gold quality
heart	UBERON:0000948	80.22	gold quality
heart left ventricle	UBERON:0002084	80.22	gold quality
monocyte	CL:0000576	78.99	gold quality
fundus of stomach	UBERON:0001160	77.79	gold quality
adrenal tissue	UBERON:0018303	77.59	gold quality
esophagus	UBERON:0001043	77.55	gold quality
blood	UBERON:0000178	77.47	gold quality
mucosa of stomach	UBERON:0001199	76.73	gold quality
prostate gland	UBERON:0002367	76.70	gold quality
placenta	UBERON:0001987	76.68	gold quality
prefrontal cortex	UBERON:0000451	76.57	gold quality
gastrocnemius	UBERON:0001388	76.57	gold quality

Single-cell (SCXA)

Detected in 1 experiment(s), a significant marker in 0.

Experiment	Marker?	Max mean expression
E-ANND-3	no	0.60

Regulation

Is transcription factor: no

Upstream regulators (CollecTRI, top): MYOD1

Literature-anchored findings (GeneRIF, showing 40)

• These results suggest that miR-378 enhances cell survival, tumor growth, and angiogenesis through repression of the expression of two tumor suppressors, Sufu and Fus-1. (PMID:18077375)
• MicroRNA miR-378 regulates nephronectin expression modulating osteoblast differentiation by targeting GalNT-7 (PMID:19844573)
• miR-378( *) inhibits the expression of two PGC-1beta partners, ERRgamma and GABPA, leading to a reduction in TCA cycle gene expression and oxygen consumption as well as an increase in lactate production and in cell proliferation (PMID:20889127)
• study identifies miR-378-TOB2-cyclin D1 as a functional module to mediate the cross talk between Myc and Ras signaling in cellular transformation (PMID:21242960)
• MiR-378 may be a potential biomarker for characterizing non-small cell lung cancer brain metastasis (PMID:22052152)
• Levels of miR-378 were increased (p = 0.0003, AUC = 0.71), miR-451 levels were decreased (p < 0.0001, AUC = 0.77) in serum of renal cell carcinoma patients. (PMID:22440013)
• miR-378a-5p stimulates trophoblast cell proliferation and survival. (PMID:22454525)
• miR-378, miR-375, miR-422a and miR-215 play an important role in the colorectal cancer as tumour suppressors (PMID:22469014)
• Two abundant miRNAs, miR-378 and miR-30e, are markedly decreased by IFN-alpha in activated natural killer (NK) cells. (PMID:22649192)
• miR-378 is a regulator of stem cell marker Sox2 by targeting vimentin (PMID:23135265)
• miR-195 and miR-378 are abnormally expressed and epigenetically regulated in gastric cancer cell lines and tissues via the suppression of CDK6 and VEGF signaling, suggesting that miR-195 and miR-378 have tumor suppressor properties in gastric cancer. (PMID:23333942)
• Overexpression of miR-378 is associated with acute myeloid leukemia (PMID:23582927)
• Interplay between HMOX1 and miR-378 significantly modulates non-small cell lung carcinoma progression and angiogenesis. (PMID:23617628)
• Our results show that the miR-378/378* hairpin establishes a connection among energy metabolism, cytoskeleton remodeling, and endoplasmic reticulum function through post-transcriptional regulation of key proteins involved in theses pathways. (PMID:24068033)
• Increased miR-378 expression could play an etiological role in cancer cachexia-associated adipose tissue loss via effects on adipocyte lipolysis. (PMID:24326420)
• Data indicate that MiR-378a-3p and miR-378a-5p expression were significantly associated with histological differentiation and TNM stage, respectively. (PMID:24412052)
• Plasma levels of miR-378 could be used to discriminate CRC patients from healthy individuals, irrespective of the level of haemoglobin of plasma samples. (PMID:24423916)
• miR-378 regulates TOB2 and may function as an onco-miR in nasopharyngeal carcinoma progression, providing a potential target for gene therapy of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (PMID:24481647)
• miR-378 may function as a tumor suppressor and plays an important role in inhibiting tumor growth and invasion. Our present results implicate the potential effects of miR-378 on prognosis and treatment of CRC cancer. (PMID:24555885)
• miR-378a-5p might positively influence tumor formation by delaying oncogene-induced senescence. (PMID:24651706)
• miR-378 is overexpressed in ovarian cancer cells and tumors vs. normal ovarian epithelial cells. (PMID:24680769)
• rs1076064 may be a biomarker for hepatocellular carcinoma susceptibility and prognosis through altering pri-miR-378 transcription. (PMID:24751683)
• miR-378 probably is a novel mediator in the development of insulin resistance related to obesity (PMID:24771406)
• Data suggest that microRNA miR-378 may be a target for controlling adipose tissue inflammation. (PMID:24923530)
• knockdown of miR-378a increased the expression of its target proteins, vimentin, and beta3 integrin, which accelerated fibroblast migration and differentiation in vitro and enhanced wound healing in vivo. (PMID:24954475)
• Results show decreased expression of miR126 and miR378 during the early stages (T1) of renal clear cell carcinoma (ccRCC) that increases during the later stages (T2/T3) suggesting that these miRNAs play a role in the pathogenesis of ccRCC. (PMID:25119741)
• Over-expression of miR-24 and miR-378 in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue of breast cancer patients might conduct as an ideal source for biomarker discovery and validation in breast cancer patients. (PMID:25120807)
• Data (from studies using BeWo cells, a choriocarcinoma cell line, as model of placentation) suggest that miR-378a-5p (microRNA 378a) inhibits cell differentiation in syncytiotrophoblasts, in part, by down-regulating CCNG2 (cyclin G2) expression. (PMID:25122062)
• miR-378 was predicted to target both KLK2 and KLK4 and downregulated levels detected in prostate cancer patients. (PMID:25153390)
• Circulating miR-378 strongly correlates with left ventricular mass index, lower miR-378 is an independent predictor for left ventricular hypertrophy in patients with aortic stenosis. (PMID:25157568)
• Excess of miRNA-378a-5p perturbs mitotic fidelity and correlates with breast cancer tumourigenesis in vivo. (PMID:25268374)
• MicroRNA-378 inhibits cell growth and enhances L-OHP-induced apoptosis in human colorectal cancer. (PMID:25328987)
• levels of miRNA-378 could modulate adiponectin expression via the 3’UTR sequence-binding site (PMID:25379946)
• Our results suggested that miR-378 enhanced cell migration and metastasis by down-regulating Fus expression. (PMID:25562172)
• The expression of miRNA-378 in tumor tissues was associated with future brain metastases (BM) in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and can be used to predict BM in patients with NSCLC. (PMID:25646356)
• MiRNA-145 and miRNA-378* are potential biomarkers for early detection of colorectal cancer , which may help in diagnosing colorectal cancer in early period. (PMID:25896668)
• These results suggest the critical importance of miR-378 in the regulation of GrzB expression and a protective role for GrzB in controlling dengue virus replication in vivo. (PMID:26166761)
• miR-378 5’-flanking region was significantly hypomethylated in acute myeloid leukemia patients compared to controls (PMID:26191124)
• The miR-378a-3p-dependent GOLT1A expression contributes to the mechanisms underlying breast cancer endocrine resistance. (PMID:26255816)
• Results indicate that miR-378 may serve as a tumor suppressor and play an important role in inhibiting glioma cell migration and invasion. (PMID:26261592)

Cross-species orthologs

1 orthologs

Organism	Symbol	Gene ID
mus_musculus	Mir378a	ENSMUSG00000105200

Paralogs (2): MIR378B (ENSG00000264534), MIR378D2 (ENSG00000284288)

Protein

Non-coding RNA — no protein product; not a drug target.

Function

No curated pathway, Gene-Ontology, or interaction data.

Disease & clinical

No curated disease, variant, or cancer-driver associations.

Drugs & pharmacology

No drug or pharmacology data — not an established drug target.