MIR421

Summary

MIR421 (microRNA 421, HGNC:32793) is a microRNA gene on chromosome Xq13.2.

microRNAs (miRNAs) are short (20-24 nt) non-coding RNAs that are involved in post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression in multicellular organisms by affecting both the stability and translation of mRNAs. miRNAs are transcribed by RNA polymerase II as part of capped and polyadenylated primary transcripts (pri-miRNAs) that can be either protein-coding or non-coding. The primary transcript is cleaved by the Drosha ribonuclease III enzyme to produce an approximately 70-nt stem-loop precursor miRNA (pre-miRNA), which is further cleaved by the cytoplasmic Dicer ribonuclease to generate the mature miRNA and antisense miRNA star (miRNA*) products. The mature miRNA is incorporated into a RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC), which recognizes target mRNAs through imperfect base pairing with the miRNA and most commonly results in translational inhibition or destabilization of the target mRNA. The RefSeq represents the predicted microRNA stem-loop.

Source: NCBI Gene 693122 — RefSeq curated summary.

At a glance

• Gene type: non-coding (miRNA) — no protein product; not a drug target. Variant/disease associations are omitted (they would be positional, from an overlapping protein-coding gene).

Identifiers

Gene identifiers

Field	Value
HGNC ID	HGNC:32793
Approved symbol	MIR421
Name	microRNA 421
Location	Xq13.2
Locus type	RNA, micro
Status	Approved
Aliases	hsa-mir-421
Ensembl gene	ENSG00000202566
Ensembl biotype	miRNA
Entrez	693122
RNAcentral	URS000075D018 — miRNA, 85 nt, 42 organism(s)

Gene structure

Transcript identifiers

Ensembl transcripts: 1 — 1 miRNA

ENST00000365696

RefSeq mRNA: 0 — MANE Select: None

Canonical transcript exons

ENST00000365696 — 1 exons

Exon	Start	End
ENSE00001440459	74218377	74218461

Expression profiles

Bgee: expression breadth broad, 24 present calls, max score 68.40.

Top tissues by expression

24 total, by Bgee expression score (0-100, higher = more expressed):

Tissue	Anatomy ID	Expression score	Quality
gastrocnemius	UBERON:0001388	68.40	gold quality
blood	UBERON:0000178	68.27	gold quality
amygdala	UBERON:0001876	64.82	gold quality
right atrium auricular region	UBERON:0006631	64.34	gold quality
dorsolateral prefrontal cortex	UBERON:0009834	63.29	gold quality
tibial artery	UBERON:0007610	62.89	gold quality
Ammon’s horn	UBERON:0001954	62.70	gold quality
heart left ventricle	UBERON:0002084	62.25	gold quality
heart	UBERON:0000948	61.55	gold quality
C1 segment of cervical spinal cord	UBERON:0006469	58.88	gold quality
skin of abdomen	UBERON:0001416	57.75	gold quality
omental fat pad	UBERON:0010414	56.07	gold quality
subcutaneous adipose tissue	UBERON:0002190	55.39	gold quality
lower esophagus muscularis layer	UBERON:0035833	55.38	gold quality
esophagus mucosa	UBERON:0002469	54.58	gold quality
skin of leg	UBERON:0001511	53.75	gold quality
right frontal lobe	UBERON:0002810	50.25	gold quality
esophagogastric junction muscularis propria	UBERON:0035841	48.39	gold quality
left coronary artery	UBERON:0001626	47.64	gold quality
liver	UBERON:0002107	47.52	silver quality
right lobe of liver	UBERON:0001114	47.51	gold quality
ascending aorta	UBERON:0001496	47.40	gold quality
transverse colon	UBERON:0001157	44.61	gold quality
anterior cingulate cortex	UBERON:0009835	43.47	gold quality

Single-cell (SCXA)

Detected in 1 experiment(s), a significant marker in 0.

Experiment	Marker?	Max mean expression
E-ANND-3	no	0.00

Regulation

Is transcription factor: no

Literature-anchored findings (GeneRIF, showing 40)

• miR-421 was over-expressed in 73.33% of the gastric cancer samples examined; miR-421 may involve in the early stage of stomach carcinogenesis and could be used as an efficient diagnostic biomarker (PMID:19802518)
• show that a human microRNA, miR-421, suppresses ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (ATM) expression by targeting the 3’-untranslated region (3’UTR) of ATM transcripts. (PMID:20080624)
• these findings identify miR-421 as a potent regulator of DPC4/Smad4 in pancreas cancer. (PMID:21352803)
• In conclusion, our study identified microRNA-421 functions as an oncomiR in BTC by targeting FXR. (PMID:22146319)
• Results suggest that miR-421 may serve as a novel molecular target for manipulating FXR expression in hepatocyte. (PMID:22446874)
• High microRNA-421 expression is associated with gastric cancer. (PMID:22926798)
• Both miR-421 and miR-30c directly interacted with PAI-1 mRNA to inhibit the expression of the associated protein. (PMID:22952991)
• Taken together, our findings not only suggest that miR-421 promotes nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell proliferation and anti-apoptosis, but also uncover a novel regulatory mechanism for inactivation of FOXO4 in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. (PMID:23707940)
• ACE2 may be subject to post-transcriptional regulation and reveals a novel potential therapeutic target, miR-421, which could be exploited to modulate ACE2 expression in disease (PMID:24564768)
• miR-421 may promote neuroblastoma cell growth and motility partially by targeting menin (PMID:25012242)
• MiR-421 acts as a tumor promoter by targeting the caspase-3 gene. (PMID:25041019)
• Serum miR-421 is increased significantly in gastric cancer patients compared with healthy controls. (PMID:25510566)
• Patients with high miR-421 expression had shorter overall survival. (PMID:26758431)
• miR-421 was elevated in the peripheral blood of gastric cancer patients. In gastric cancer cell line, the up-regulation of miR-421 significantly inhibited cell apoptosis. (PMID:26823741)
• MiR-421 level is correlated with lymph node metastasis and prognosis of gastric carcinoma (PMID:26823855)
• Data indicate that E-cadherin and caspase-3 were targets of miR-421, which was up-regulated by HIF-1alpha. (PMID:27016414)
• G allele of miR-421 is a risk factor for gastric cancer. (PMID:27133200)
• MicroRNA-421 suppresses breast cancer metastasis by directly inhibiting MTA1 expression. (PMID:27583980)
• Results provide evidence that microRNA 421 induces apoptosis of cervical cancer cells via down-regulation of Bcl-xL. (PMID:27886335)
• MEG3/miR-421/E-cadherin regulatory axis may be a novel therapeutic target for breast cancer. (PMID:28463794)
• High miR421 expression is associated with Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma. (PMID:28963640)
• MicroRNA-421 inhibits caspase-10 expression and promotes breast cancer progression (PMID:29322788)
• we identified three miRNAs (hsa-miR-421, hsa-miR-29b-1-5p, and hsa-miR-27b-5p) with two mRNAs (FBXO11 and CREBZF) that might play an important role in the gastric cancer (GC)development from premalignant adenomas (PMID:29725252)
• miR-421 can suppress TMEM48 so that leads the non-small cancer cell lines (A549) to apoptosis. (PMID:29906465)
• A strong association of circulating miR-421 with decreased transcripts of ACE2 may contribute to the low expression of the enzyme in leukocytes of chronic kidney disease patients (PMID:30326474)
• These results suggested a correlation between miR421 and PDCD4, and physiological functions of breast cancer cells. (PMID:30365117)
• Low miR421 expression is associated with proliferation and metastasis of colorectal cancer. (PMID:30610787)
• N-Myc differentially regulating miR-421/ATM pathway contributes to ADT resistance and Enzalutamide resistance development respectively. (PMID:30657058)
• HOXD-AS1 serves as a competing endogenous RNA to regulate miR-421 expression in breast cancer.SOX4 is a direct target of miR-421 in the breast cancer cells. (PMID:30730081)
• CircSETD3 inhibits the growth of HCC partly through the circSETD3/miR-421/MAPK14 pathway. (PMID:30795787)
• In the present study, it was demonstrated that hypermethylation of TFAP2E resulted in its reduced expression and 5FU chemoresistance in gastric cancer (GC) cells. miRNAs miR106a5p and miR421 were highly expressed and regulated the chemoresistance induced by TFAP2E methylation. (PMID:31115533)
• miR-421 expression was markedly increased in NSCLC tissues and cell lines (PMID:31445715)
• MicroRNA-421 promotes inflammatory response of fibroblast-like synoviocytes in rheumatoid arthritis by targeting SPRY1. (PMID:31646548)
• MicroRNA-421 confers paclitaxel resistance by binding to the KEAP1 3’UTR and predicts poor survival in non-small cell lung cancer. (PMID:31659154)
• circ_0001546 sponges miR-421 to upregulate the expression level of ATM and inhibit the proliferation and chemoresistance in gastric cancer cells (PMID:31668372)
• MiR-421 promotes the development of osteosarcoma by regulating MCPIP1 expression. (PMID:31718519)
• CircAHNAK1 inhibits proliferation and metastasis of triple-negative breast cancer by modulating miR-421 and RASA1. (PMID:31857500)
• MuicroRNA421 participates in vitiligo development through regulating human melanocyte survival by targeting receptorinteracting serine/threonine kinase 1. (PMID:31974624)
• miRNAs as potential biomarkers for the progression of gastric cancer inhibit CREBZF and regulate migration of gastric adenocarcinoma cells. (PMID:32218690)
• ORP8 induces apoptosis by releasing cytochrome c from mitochondria in nonsmall cell lung cancer. (PMID:32323800)

Cross-species orthologs

0 orthologs

Protein

Non-coding RNA — no protein product; not a drug target.

Function

No curated pathway, Gene-Ontology, or interaction data.

Disease & clinical

No curated disease, variant, or cancer-driver associations.

Drugs & pharmacology

No drug or pharmacology data — not an established drug target.