MIR9-1

Summary

MIR9-1 (microRNA 9-1, HGNC:31641) is a microRNA gene on chromosome 1q22.

microRNAs (miRNAs) are short (20-24 nt) non-coding RNAs that are involved in post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression in multicellular organisms by affecting both the stability and translation of mRNAs. miRNAs are transcribed by RNA polymerase II as part of capped and polyadenylated primary transcripts (pri-miRNAs) that can be either protein-coding or non-coding. The primary transcript is cleaved by the Drosha ribonuclease III enzyme to produce an approximately 70-nt stem-loop precursor miRNA (pre-miRNA), which is further cleaved by the cytoplasmic Dicer ribonuclease to generate the mature miRNA and antisense miRNA star (miRNA*) products. The mature miRNA is incorporated into a RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC), which recognizes target mRNAs through imperfect base pairing with the miRNA and most commonly results in translational inhibition or destabilization of the target mRNA. The RefSeq represents the predicted microRNA stem-loop.

Source: NCBI Gene 407046 — RefSeq curated summary.

At a glance

• Gene type: non-coding (miRNA) — no protein product; not a drug target. Variant/disease associations are omitted (they would be positional, from an overlapping protein-coding gene).

Identifiers

Gene identifiers

Field	Value
HGNC ID	HGNC:31641
Approved symbol	MIR9-1
Name	microRNA 9-1
Location	1q22
Locus type	RNA, micro
Status	Approved
Aliases	hsa-mir-9-1
Ensembl gene	ENSG00000207933
Ensembl biotype	miRNA
OMIM	611186
Entrez	407046
RNAcentral	URS000075C54E — miRNA, 89 nt, 41 organism(s)

Gene structure

Transcript identifiers

Ensembl transcripts: 1 — 1 miRNA

ENST00000385198

RefSeq mRNA: 0 — MANE Select: None

Canonical transcript exons

ENST00000385198 — 1 exons

Exon	Start	End
ENSE00001500204	156420341	156420429

Expression profiles

Bgee: expression breadth broad, 24 present calls, max score 74.32.

Top tissues by expression

24 total, by Bgee expression score (0-100, higher = more expressed):

Tissue	Anatomy ID	Expression score	Quality
Ammon’s horn	UBERON:0001954	74.32	gold quality
blood	UBERON:0000178	74.24	gold quality
putamen	UBERON:0001874	69.57	gold quality
prefrontal cortex	UBERON:0000451	67.06	gold quality
Brodmann (1909) area 9	UBERON:0013540	67.06	gold quality
nucleus accumbens	UBERON:0001882	66.76	gold quality
cerebral cortex	UBERON:0000956	66.62	gold quality
anterior cingulate cortex	UBERON:0009835	66.56	gold quality
dorsolateral prefrontal cortex	UBERON:0009834	66.46	gold quality
skin of leg	UBERON:0001511	66.29	gold quality
right hemisphere of cerebellum	UBERON:0014890	66.26	gold quality
upper lobe of left lung	UBERON:0008952	66.25	gold quality
brain	UBERON:0000955	65.67	gold quality
cerebellar hemisphere	UBERON:0002245	65.49	gold quality
substantia nigra	UBERON:0002038	65.42	gold quality
caudate nucleus	UBERON:0001873	64.37	gold quality
hypothalamus	UBERON:0001898	63.34	gold quality
right frontal lobe	UBERON:0002810	61.69	gold quality
C1 segment of cervical spinal cord	UBERON:0006469	61.06	gold quality
amygdala	UBERON:0001876	60.45	gold quality
corpus callosum	UBERON:0002336	59.52	gold quality
subcutaneous adipose tissue	UBERON:0002190	59.38	gold quality
colon	UBERON:0001155	47.95	gold quality
left testis	UBERON:0004533	44.68	gold quality

Single-cell (SCXA)

Detected in 1 experiment(s), a significant marker in 0.

Experiment	Marker?	Max mean expression
E-ANND-3	no	0.17

Regulation

Is transcription factor: no

Upstream regulators (CollecTRI, top): MYC

Literature-anchored findings (GeneRIF, showing 40)

• In human glioma, CBX7 is down-regulated by the inhibition of miR-9 at posttranscriptional level. (PMID:18686603)
• TLR4-activated NF-kappaB rapidly increases the expression of miR-9 that operates a feedback control of the NF-kappaB-dependent responses by fine tuning the expression of a key member of the NF-kappaB family (PMID:19289835)
• Down-regulation of miR-9 is associated with gastric carcinoma. (PMID:19531230)
• Ovarian cancer tissues display low expression of miR-9 and a high level of NF-kappaB1 compared with normal tissues, indicating that regulation of NF-kappaB1 by miR-9 is an important mechanism for miR-9 to inhibit ovarian cancer proliferation. (PMID:19702828)
• Studies indicate that several miRNAs are shown to be part of negative feedback loops (miR-155, miR-146, miR-9) in innate immune responses, in which they may limit excessive inflammation. (PMID:19954362)
• These findings indicate that miR-9 targets NF-kappaB1 and regulates gastric cancer cell growth. (PMID:20102618)
• Both miR-200a and miR-9 could play important regulatory roles in cervical cancer control. (PMID:20124485)
• miR-9 miRNA downregulates E-cadherin. Expression of miR-9 is activated by MYC and MYCN, which bind to the mir-9-3 locus. Elevated expression of miR-9 may contribute to epithelial-mesenchymal transition and metastasis in some and possibly many tumours. (PMID:20173740)
• These results identify miR-9 as a novel regulator that coordinates the proliferation and migration of human neural progenitor cells. (PMID:20362537)
• both miR-9-1 and miR-9-3 are significantly hypermethylated in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (PMID:20676129)
• miR-9 is expressed in the retinal pigment epithelum cell line ARPE-19, and its expression is increased by a retinoic acid derivative and by an inhibitor of promoter hypermethylation. (PMID:20806079)
• miRNAs let-7, mir-125, mir-9, and mir-30 directly repress LIN28 expression in embryonic stem and cancer cells (PMID:20947512)
• High MiR-9 is associated with gastric cancer. (PMID:21225631)
• Overexpression of miR-9 down-regulated the level of NFkappaB1 in H1299 cells, and the surviving fraction of gamma-irradiated cells was decreased (PMID:21464588)
• MicroRNA-9 up-regulation is involved in colorectal cancer metastasis. (PMID:21562850)
• miR-9 was highly expressed in classical Hodgkin’s lymphoma cell lines. (PMID:21569708)
• Findings suggest that bile miRNAs could be informative biomarkers for hepatobiliary disease and that some miRNAs, particularly miR-9, may be helpful in the diagnosis and clinical management of BTC. (PMID:21858175)
• Three independent genetic loci encoding for miR-9 (miR-9-1, miR-9-2 and miR-9-3) are simultaneously modified by DNA methylation in gastric cancer cells. (PMID:21931274)
• Deregulated miR-155 and miR-9 play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of Waldenstrom’s macroglobulinemia. (PMID:22122052)
• Data indicate that methylation frequency of 5 miR CpG islands (miR-9-1, miR-9-3, miR-137, miR-34b, and miR-210) gradually increased while the proportion of methylated miR-200b gradually decreased during gastric carcinogenesis. (PMID:22703336)
• Expression levels of miR-9 and another miR candidate, miR-375, were also strongly associated with ER status (p<0.001 for both). The potential of miR-9 as a biomarker for LR warrants further investigation with larger sample size. (PMID:22723919)
• Exogenous miR-9 effectively reduced SOCS5 levels, leading to activated JAK-STAT pathway, which promoted endothelial cell migration and tumour angiogenesis (PMID:22773185)
• miR-9: the sentinel of neurons in progeria. (PMID:22805145)
• miR-9 negatively controls lamin A and progerin expression in neural cells. (PMID:22840390)
• Upregulation of MIR9 is associated with endometrial carcinoma. (PMID:22987275)
• Induction of neuronal specific microRNAs mir-9 and mir-124 on umbilical cord blood cells indicates that the cells may be novel neurogenic differentiation CD133+/CD34+ stem cells. (PMID:23135476)
• High miR-9 expression is associated with aggressiveness of muscle-invasive bladder cancer. (PMID:23169479)
• CREB-miR-9 negative feedback minicircuitry coordinates the migration and proliferation of glioma cells (PMID:23185366)
• these findings demonstrate, for the first time, that miR-9 can modulate the expression of IFN-induced genes and MHC class I molecules in human cancer cells, suggesting a novel role of miR-9 in linking inflammation and cancer, which remains to be fully characterized. (PMID:23291181)
• Results indicate that upregulated miR-20b, miR-9, and miR-9* were significantly associated with HPV/p16-status. (PMID:23459718)
• Overexpression of MIR9 indicates poor prognosis in acute lymphoblastic leukemia. (PMID:23547834)
• miR-9 plays a role as a tumor suppressor in OSC by suppressing TLN1 expression. (PMID:23722670)
• microRNA-9 targets the long non-coding RNA MALAT1 for degradation in the nucleus. (PMID:23985560)
• miR-9* and miR-194 were identified as the common cancer stem cells-specific miRNAs across the three HCC cell lines. (PMID:24002436)
• PRTG is regulated by miRNA9, plays an inhibitory action on survival of chondroblasts and articular chondrocytes during chondrogenesis and osteoarthritis pathogenesis. (PMID:24007463)
• Low MicroRNA-9 expression is associated with glioma. (PMID:24043603)
• The CXC chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) gene was a direct target of miR-9. (PMID:24141785)
• Downregulation of microRNA-9 in iPSC-derived neurons of FTD/ALS patients with TDP-43 mutations (PMID:24143176)
• microRNA-9 is a methylation-silenced tumour suppressor that could be a potential candidate predictive marker for poor prognosis of medulloblastoma. (PMID:24346283)
• This study provides further data for the identification of a miRNA profile for glioblastoma and suggests that different-grade neoplasia could be characterized by different expression of specific miRNAs. (PMID:24412053)

Cross-species orthologs

2 orthologs

Organism	Symbol	Gene ID
danio_rerio	dre-mir-9-1	ENSDARG00000082019
mus_musculus	Mir9-1	ENSMUSG00000106493

Paralogs (2): MIR9-3 (ENSG00000284329), MIR9-2 (ENSG00000284447)

Protein

Non-coding RNA — no protein product; not a drug target.

Function

No curated pathway, Gene-Ontology, or interaction data.

Disease & clinical

No curated disease, variant, or cancer-driver associations.

Drugs & pharmacology

No drug or pharmacology data — not an established drug target.