MIR9-2

Summary

MIR9-2 (microRNA 9-2, HGNC:31642) is a microRNA gene on chromosome 5q14.3.

microRNAs (miRNAs) are short (20-24 nt) non-coding RNAs that are involved in post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression in multicellular organisms by affecting both the stability and translation of mRNAs. miRNAs are transcribed by RNA polymerase II as part of capped and polyadenylated primary transcripts (pri-miRNAs) that can be either protein-coding or non-coding. The primary transcript is cleaved by the Drosha ribonuclease III enzyme to produce an approximately 70-nt stem-loop precursor miRNA (pre-miRNA), which is further cleaved by the cytoplasmic Dicer ribonuclease to generate the mature miRNA and antisense miRNA star (miRNA*) products. The mature miRNA is incorporated into a RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC), which recognizes target mRNAs through imperfect base pairing with the miRNA and most commonly results in translational inhibition or destabilization of the target mRNA. The RefSeq represents the predicted microRNA stem-loop.

Source: NCBI Gene 407047 — RefSeq curated summary.

At a glance

• Gene type: non-coding (miRNA) — no protein product; not a drug target. Variant/disease associations are omitted (they would be positional, from an overlapping protein-coding gene).

Identifiers

Gene identifiers

Field	Value
HGNC ID	HGNC:31642
Approved symbol	MIR9-2
Name	microRNA 9-2
Location	5q14.3
Locus type	RNA, micro
Status	Approved
Aliases	hsa-mir-9-2
Ensembl gene	ENSG00000284447
Ensembl biotype	miRNA
OMIM	611187
Entrez	407047
RNAcentral	URS00003FA6CD — miRNA, 87 nt, 76 organism(s)

Gene structure

Transcript identifiers

Ensembl transcripts: 1 — 1 miRNA

ENST00000384838

RefSeq mRNA: 0 — MANE Select: None

Canonical transcript exons

ENST00000384838 — 1 exons

Exon	Start	End
ENSE00001499845	88666853	88666939

Expression profiles

Bgee: expression breadth broad, 12 present calls, max score 69.46.

Top tissues by expression

12 total, by Bgee expression score (0-100, higher = more expressed):

Tissue	Anatomy ID	Expression score	Quality
blood	UBERON:0000178	69.46	gold quality
lower esophagus muscularis layer	UBERON:0035833	68.70	gold quality
heart left ventricle	UBERON:0002084	68.65	gold quality
ascending aorta	UBERON:0001496	63.12	gold quality
myometrium	UBERON:0001296	62.57	gold quality
left ovary	UBERON:0002119	61.36	gold quality
skin of leg	UBERON:0001511	60.97	gold quality
prostate gland	UBERON:0002367	60.64	gold quality
transverse colon	UBERON:0001157	60.32	gold quality
body of uterus	UBERON:0009853	60.08	gold quality
muscle layer of sigmoid colon	UBERON:0035805	59.78	gold quality
tibial nerve	UBERON:0001323	56.20	gold quality

Single-cell (SCXA)

Detected in 1 experiment(s), a significant marker in 0.

Experiment	Marker?	Max mean expression
E-ANND-3	no	0.00

Regulation

Is transcription factor: no

Upstream regulators (CollecTRI, top): CREB1, PROX1, REST

Literature-anchored findings (GeneRIF, showing 40)

• A significant number of dysregulated proteins in clear cell renal cell carcinoma are potential miRNA targets. Also, many clear cell renal cell carcinoma dysregulated miRNAs are phylogenetically conserved. (PMID:20022054)
• The concerted action of the master transcriptional factors RE1-silencing transcription factor (REST) and cAMP-response element binding protein (CREB) on miR-9-2 promoter induces miRNA expression during differentiation. (PMID:20624818)
• Transgenic mice lacking miR-9-2 and miR-9-3 exhibit multiple defects of telencephalic structures which may be brought about by dysregulation of Foxg1, Nr2e1, Gsh2, and Meis2 expression. (PMID:21368052)
• Findings suggest that bile miRNAs could be informative biomarkers for hepatobiliary disease and that some miRNAs, particularly miR-9, may be helpful in the diagnosis and clinical management of BTC. (PMID:21858175)
• Three independent genetic loci encoding for miR-9 (miR-9-1, miR-9-2 and miR-9-3) are simultaneously modified by DNA methylation in gastric cancer cells. (PMID:21931274)
• MicroRNA-92 is overexpressed in human pancreatic cancer and involved in its invasiveness. (PMID:22407312)
• Expression levels of miR-9 and another miR candidate, miR-375, were also strongly associated with ER status (p<0.001 for both). The potential of miR-9 as a biomarker for LR warrants further investigation with larger sample size. (PMID:22723919)
• Results indicate that upregulated miR-20b, miR-9, and miR-9* were significantly associated with HPV/p16-status. (PMID:23459718)
• Overexpression of MIR9 indicates poor prognosis in acute lymphoblastic leukemia. (PMID:23547834)
• miR-9 plays a role as a tumor suppressor in OSC by suppressing TLN1 expression. (PMID:23722670)
• microRNA-9 targets the long non-coding RNA MALAT1 for degradation in the nucleus. (PMID:23985560)
• miR-9 might be involved in non-small lung cancer progression and could serve as a promising biomarker for further risk stratification in the treatment of this cancer (PMID:24019037)
• The CXC chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) gene was a direct target of miR-9. (PMID:24141785)
• There is a correlation between miR-92a and malignant degree of human pancreatic cancer cell lines. (PMID:24332650)
• This study provides further data for the identification of a miRNA profile for glioblastoma and suggests that different-grade neoplasia could be characterized by different expression of specific miRNAs. (PMID:24412053)
• miR-9 and miR-126 are closely related to essential hypertension in humans, as they show a distinct expression profile in hypertensive patients relative to healthy individuals (PMID:24794206)
• miR-9 is activated by human papillomavirus in cervical cancer (PMID:25344913)
• MicroRNA-9 has a role in promoting tumor metastasis via repressing E-cadherin in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (PMID:25375090)
• Data indicate the potential of miR-9 as a novel prognostic biomarker for hepatocellular carcinoma. (PMID:25552204)
• Data reveal a novel role for miR-9 in regulation of the NFAT pathway by targeting KPNB1 and DYRK1B. (PMID:25696812)
• The promoters of miR-9 precursors (mir-9-1, -2, and -3) were hypermethylated in cervical adenocarcinoma tissues; results present a tumor suppressor potential of miR-9 in cervical adenocarcinoma and suggest that miR-9 could repress tumorigenesis through inhibiting the activity of IL-6/Jak/STAT3 pathway. (PMID:25809226)
• This work describes for the first time the role of specific miR (-9 and -200) in olfactory/GnRH development, and uncovers a Dlx5-Foxg1 regulation whose alteration affects receptor neuron differentiation, axonal targeting, GnRH neuron development. (PMID:25937343)
• miR-9 could repress the expression of UHRF1, and function as a tumor-suppressive microRNA in colorectal cancer. (PMID:25940709)
• miRNA 9 is a potential marker for the prognosis and follow up of patients with type 2 diabetes at risk to develop coronary artery disease. (PMID:25978320)
• Methylation-associated miR-9 down-regulation is probably one of the key mechanisms for paclitaxel resistance in EOC cells, via targeting CCNG1. (PMID:26152689)
• miR9 methylation, especially miR9-2, is a frequent event in Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) and may be involved in HL pathogenesis, irrespective of EBV infection. (PMID:26337487)
• the miR-9 family of microRNAs (miRNAS) downregulates the expression of CBX7. In turn, CBX7 represses miR-9-1 and miR-9-2 as part of a regulatory negative feedback loop. (PMID:26416703)
• miR-9 might play a tumor suppressive role in oral squamous cell carcinoma and can serve as a promising biomarker for this deadly disease. (PMID:26813876)
• Findings indicate the importance of a microRNAs miR-9/137-CUL4A-Hippo signaling axis in gastric cancer (GC), and suggest new therapeutic targets for future treatment of GC. (PMID:26840256)
• Down-regulation of miR-9 in human diabetic failing heart.MiR-9 directly targets ELAVL1 in ventricular cardiomyocytes. (PMID:26898797)
• Results suggest that miR-9 functions as a tumor-suppressor in colorectal cancer cells, and that its suppressive effects mediate invasion and metastasis by inhibition of TM4SF1 expression. (PMID:26983891)
• miRNA-145 and 9 may be potential prognostic marker in patients suffering from cervical cancer. (PMID:27345415)
• miR-9 expression was negatively associated with PTEN expression in laryngocarcinoma cells, modulating cell proliferation and metastasis. (PMID:27694005)
• These results shed additional information on controversial expression pattern of miR-9 depending on different progression level of breast cancer. (PMID:27725294)
• The age-associated higher expression of miR-96 and miR-145 might contribute to the lower expression of IGF-1R while the higher expression of miR-96, miR-145 and miR-9 might contribute to the lower expression of FOXO1 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of aging humans. (PMID:27903254)
• miR-92a inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis by directly regulating MTHFD2 expression in AML. (PMID:28059050)
• Results show that interleukin-10 (IL-10) positively regulated the expression of E-cadherin by downregulation of microRNA miR-9 in leukemia cells. (PMID:28107581)
• Study showed that miR-9 was downregulated in adriamycinresistant K562/ADR cells and chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML)/MDR patients. Overexpression of miR-9 was sufficient to reverse cancer cell resistance to multiple chemotherapeutics in vitro. Furthermore, ABCB1 was found as a direct target of miR-9. These findings suggest that miR-9 plays a critical role in MDR in CML by targeting ABCB1. (PMID:28260112)
• A regulatory loop by which miR-9-5p but not miR-9-3p is induced by steroid hormone receptor. (PMID:28345661)
• Our study provides evidence that miR-9 can promote the proliferation, migration, and invasion of breast cancer cells via down-regulating FOXO1. (PMID:28397066)

Cross-species orthologs

1 orthologs

Organism	Symbol	Gene ID
mus_musculus	Mir9-2	ENSMUSG00000065424

Paralogs (2): MIR9-1 (ENSG00000207933), MIR9-3 (ENSG00000284329)

Protein

Non-coding RNA — no protein product; not a drug target.

Function

No curated pathway, Gene-Ontology, or interaction data.

Disease & clinical

No curated disease, variant, or cancer-driver associations.

Drugs & pharmacology

No drug or pharmacology data — not an established drug target.