MIR98

Summary

MIR98 (microRNA 98, HGNC:31649) is a microRNA gene on chromosome Xp11.22.

microRNAs (miRNAs) are short (20-24 nt) non-coding RNAs that are involved in post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression in multicellular organisms by affecting both the stability and translation of mRNAs. miRNAs are transcribed by RNA polymerase II as part of capped and polyadenylated primary transcripts (pri-miRNAs) that can be either protein-coding or non-coding. The primary transcript is cleaved by the Drosha ribonuclease III enzyme to produce an approximately 70-nt stem-loop precursor miRNA (pre-miRNA), which is further cleaved by the cytoplasmic Dicer ribonuclease to generate the mature miRNA and antisense miRNA star (miRNA*) products. The mature miRNA is incorporated into a RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC), which recognizes target mRNAs through imperfect base pairing with the miRNA and most commonly results in translational inhibition or destabilization of the target mRNA. The RefSeq represents the predicted microRNA stem-loop.

Source: NCBI Gene 407054 — RefSeq curated summary.

At a glance

• Gene type: non-coding (miRNA) — no protein product; not a drug target. Variant/disease associations are omitted (they would be positional, from an overlapping protein-coding gene).

Identifiers

Gene identifiers

Field	Value
HGNC ID	HGNC:31649
Approved symbol	MIR98
Name	microRNA 98
Location	Xp11.22
Locus type	RNA, micro
Status	Approved
Aliases	hsa-mir-98, MIRLET7L
Ensembl gene	ENSG00000271886
Ensembl biotype	miRNA
OMIM	300810
Entrez	407054
RNAcentral	URS000075BF40 — miRNA, 119 nt, 8 organism(s)

Gene structure

Transcript identifiers

Ensembl transcripts: 1 — 1 miRNA

ENST00000606724

RefSeq mRNA: 0 — MANE Select: None

Canonical transcript exons

ENST00000606724 — 1 exons

Exon	Start	End
ENSE00003698655	53556223	53556341

Expression profiles

Bgee: expression breadth broad, 61 present calls, max score 86.29.

Top tissues by expression

61 total, by Bgee expression score (0-100, higher = more expressed):

Tissue	Anatomy ID	Expression score	Quality
olfactory segment of nasal mucosa	UBERON:0005386	86.29	gold quality
sural nerve	UBERON:0015488	85.29	gold quality
endometrium	UBERON:0001295	78.22	gold quality
monocyte	CL:0000576	77.39	gold quality
blood	UBERON:0000178	76.18	gold quality
uterus	UBERON:0000995	76.13	gold quality
gastrocnemius	UBERON:0001388	75.19	gold quality
adrenal tissue	UBERON:0018303	75.18	gold quality
muscle of leg	UBERON:0001383	74.89	gold quality
bone marrow	UBERON:0002371	73.88	gold quality
calcaneal tendon	UBERON:0003701	73.80	gold quality
anterior cingulate cortex	UBERON:0009835	71.65	gold quality
heart left ventricle	UBERON:0002084	71.00	gold quality
adult mammalian kidney	UBERON:0000082	70.98	gold quality
lung	UBERON:0002048	70.35	gold quality
stomach	UBERON:0000945	70.09	gold quality
heart	UBERON:0000948	69.28	gold quality
lower esophagus muscularis layer	UBERON:0035833	68.85	gold quality
colon	UBERON:0001155	68.83	gold quality
intestine	UBERON:0000160	68.66	gold quality
kidney	UBERON:0002113	68.31	gold quality
midbrain	UBERON:0001891	68.27	gold quality
substantia nigra	UBERON:0002038	68.27	gold quality
right adrenal gland cortex	UBERON:0035827	68.01	gold quality
ascending aorta	UBERON:0001496	67.99	gold quality
body of pancreas	UBERON:0001150	67.86	gold quality
left coronary artery	UBERON:0001626	67.75	gold quality
body of stomach	UBERON:0001161	67.46	gold quality
omental fat pad	UBERON:0010414	67.29	gold quality
esophagogastric junction muscularis propria	UBERON:0035841	66.93	gold quality

Single-cell (SCXA)

Detected in 1 experiment(s), a significant marker in 0.

Experiment	Marker?	Max mean expression
E-ANND-3	no	1.20

Regulation

Is transcription factor: no

Upstream regulators (CollecTRI, top): VDR

Literature-anchored findings (GeneRIF, showing 40)

• miR-98 and let-7 confer cholangiocyte expression of CIS in response to microbial challenge, a process that may be relevant to the regulation of TLR-mediated epithelial innate immune response. (PMID:19592657)
• These results suggest that the three miRNAs are negative regulators of Fus1 expression in lung cancers. (PMID:19671678)
• These data suggest that miRNAs play an important role in the regulation of cytokine-inducible Src homology and SOCS expression in epithelial cells in response to C. parvum infection. (PMID:20486857)
• Study demonstrates that let-7/miR-98 regulated Fas expression and the sensitivity of Fas-mediated apoptosis. (PMID:21228813)
• Data suggest that miR-98 (and miR-453) down-regulates TP53 expression by targeting the 3-prime-UTR of TP53 in lung cancer cells. (PMID:21880462)
• miR-98 and miR-181a through their regulatory functions on PGRMC1, PGR, CYP19A1, TIMP3, and DDX3X expression may influence a wide range of endometrial cellular activities during normal menstrual cycle and transition into disease states. (PMID:22492871)
• MicroRNA-98 and microRNA-214 post-transcriptionally regulate enhancer of zeste homolog 2 and inhibit migration and invasion in human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. (PMID:22867052)
• microRNA-98 is a therapeutic target inhibiting prostate cancer growth and a biomarker induced by vitamin D (PMID:23188821)
• Findings define a regulatory role of miR-98 in tumor angiogenesis and invasion through repressed ALK4 and MMP11 expression. (PMID:23211491)
• Data indicate that X-linked gene CBL, which downregulates T cell receptor signaling and is decreased in lupus T cells, as a gene targeted by miR-188-3p and miR-98. (PMID:23434382)
• The findings of this study demonstrate a link between miR-98 expression and the effects of methylprednisolone and provide evidence suggesting that methylprednisolone acts through miR-98 to inhibit specific proinflammatory targets. (PMID:23575983)
• Our findings newly described RKIP/miR-98 to HMGA2 link and provided a potential mechanism for glioma cell invasion (PMID:24392454)
• The miR-98 was found highly correlated with breast cancer in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue (PMID:24696733)
• Epigallocatechin-3-gallate inhibited the expression of hsa-miR-98-5p, followed by an increase of p53, thus the efficacy of cisplatin was enhanced in NSCLC A549 cells. (PMID:24712372)
• Our findings suggest that EZH2-specific microRNA-98 can effectively inhibit cell proliferation in vitro and regulate the pRb-E2F pathway in human ovarian cancer (PMID:24771265)
• miR-98 reduces melanoma metastasis and increases survival in part by reducing IL-6 levels. (PMID:25277211)
• miR-98 regulates muscle differentiation by altering the expression of the transcription factor E2F5 and, in turn, of multiple E2F5 targets. (PMID:25422988)
• Specifically, significant down-regulation of the let-7p-5p, miR-98-5p and of miR-183-5p in the study groups (tumor alone and tumor and schizophrenia) was observed (p<0.05). (PMID:25856466)
• PPARgamma regulates miR-98 to modulate ET-1 expression and pulmonary endothelial cell proliferation in pulmonary hypertension. (PMID:26098770)
• Findings suggest that down-regulation of miR98 and miR27b promotes CCL18-mediated invasion and migration of breast cancer cells. (PMID:26244871)
• Renal IRI induces up-regulation of miR-98 dependent on HIF-1alpha, which protects endothelial cells against apoptosis by targeting caspase-3 (PMID:26367177)
• Overexpression of miR-98 functions as a tumor suppressor in gliomas. (PMID:26502849)
• These results suggest the downregulation of miR-98 could promote Intervertebral Disc Degeneration through the IL-6/STAT3 signaling pathway. (PMID:26587789)
• The findings suggest that miR-98 inhibits cancer cell growth and metastasis by direct targeting IGF1R, implicating miR-98 as a novel potential therapeutic target for oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). (PMID:26722410)
• miR98 was significantly downregulated in HCC tissues and cell lines (PMID:26846175)
• Study showed that NEAT1 could function as a competing endogenous lncRNA in lung cancer, mediating CTR1 by sponging hsa-mir-98-5p. (PMID:27270317)
• The inhibition/facilitation of miR-98 expression in myocardial cells can modulate apoptosis. miR-98 was downregulated in the peripheral blood of myocarditis patients. It may interact with the FAS/FASL gene pair to further modulate cell apoptosis. (PMID:27323110)
• overexpression of miRNA-98 inhibited tumor growth and resistance tolerance by directly binding to the BCL-2 gene. (PMID:27422937)
• miR-98-5p modulates SNX6 expression and thus plays a critical role in accumulation of Abeta. (PMID:27541017)
• Data show that miR-98 could inhibit Mecp2 expression by binding the 3’-untranslated region (UTR) of methyl CpG binding protein 2 (Mecp2). (PMID:27573367)
• Peripheral B cells express less miR-98 in patients with lung cancer.A negative correlation was identified between miR-98 and IL-10 in peripheral B cells. (PMID:27605397)
• miR-98 may regulate osteogenic differentiation of human bone mesenchymal stromal cells by targeting BMP2. (PMID:27860183)
• These results suggested that miR-98 functioned as a potential tumor suppressor by regulating Wnt/beta-catenin signal pathway through direct suppression of EZH2 expression and might sever as a potential therapeutic target for HCC patients. (PMID:27890434)
• miR-98 suppresses IL-10 expression in B cells in the heart, which plays an important role in myocarditis. MiR-98 may be a therapeutic target in the treatment of myocarditis. (PMID:27913008)
• MicroRNA-98 Suppress Warburg Effect by Targeting HK2 in Colon Cancer Cells. (PMID:28025745)
• Restored expression of miR-98 attenuated glioma cell invasion and migration. (PMID:28124208)
• Taken together, these findings indicated that SNHG16 induces breast cancer cell migration by competitively binding miR-98 with E2F5. (PMID:28232182)
• MiR-98 may act as a tumor suppressor in NSCLC. (PMID:28415380)
• High miR98 expression is associated with atherosclerosis. (PMID:28436142)
• Western blotting revealed that overexpression of miR-98 decreased the expression of Col1A1. Overexpression of miR-98 repressed the proliferation of human hypertrophic scar fibroblasts by targeting Col1A1. (PMID:28629444)

Cross-species orthologs

3 orthologs

Organism	Symbol	Gene ID
danio_rerio	dre-let-7h	ENSDARG00000081815
mus_musculus	Mir98	ENSMUSG00000065536
rattus_norvegicus	Mir98	ENSRNOG00000035656

Paralogs (10): MIRLET7E (ENSG00000198972), MIRLET7A2 (ENSG00000198975), MIRLET7C (ENSG00000199030), MIRLET7F1 (ENSG00000199072), MIRLET7D (ENSG00000199133), MIRLET7G (ENSG00000199150), MIRLET7A1 (ENSG00000199165), MIRLET7I (ENSG00000199179), MIRLET7F2 (ENSG00000208012), MIRLET7A3 (ENSG00000283990)

Protein

Non-coding RNA — no protein product; not a drug target.

Function

No curated pathway, Gene-Ontology, or interaction data.

Disease & clinical

No curated disease, variant, or cancer-driver associations.

Drugs & pharmacology

No drug or pharmacology data — not an established drug target.