MLXIP
gene geneOn this page
Also known as MONDOAKIAA0867MIRbHLHe36
Summary
MLXIP (MLX interacting protein, HGNC:17055) is a protein-coding gene on chromosome 12q21.31, encoding MLX-interacting protein (Q9HAP2). Binds DNA as a heterodimer with MLX and activates transcription.
This gene encodes a protein that functions as part of a heterodimer to activate transcription. The encoded protein forms a heterodimer with Max-like protein X (MLX) and is involved in the regulation of genes in response to cellular glucose levels.
Source: NCBI Gene 22877 — RefSeq curated summary.
At a glance
- GWAS associations: 31
- Clinical variants (ClinVar): 54 total — 1 pathogenic
- MANE Select transcript:
NM_014938
Identifiers
Gene identifiers
| Field | Value |
|---|---|
| HGNC ID | HGNC:17055 |
| Approved symbol | MLXIP |
| Name | MLX interacting protein |
| Location | 12q21.31 |
| Locus type | gene with protein product |
| Status | Approved |
| Aliases | MONDOA, KIAA0867, MIR, bHLHe36 |
| Ensembl gene | ENSG00000175727 |
| Ensembl biotype | protein_coding |
| OMIM | 608090 |
| Entrez | 22877 |
Gene structure
Transcript identifiers
Ensembl transcripts: 18 — 13 protein_coding, 4 retained_intron, 1 protein_coding_CDS_not_defined
ENST00000319080, ENST00000366272, ENST00000535430, ENST00000535876, ENST00000535996, ENST00000538061, ENST00000538698, ENST00000539861, ENST00000541750, ENST00000542417, ENST00000890511, ENST00000890512, ENST00000945225, ENST00000945226, ENST00000945227, ENST00000945228, ENST00000945229, ENST00000945230
RefSeq mRNA: 1 — MANE Select: NM_014938
NM_014938
CCDS: CCDS73540
Canonical transcript exons
ENST00000319080 — 17 exons
| Exon | Start | End |
|---|---|---|
| ENSE00001278864 | 122140954 | 122141083 |
| ENSE00001278872 | 122138815 | 122138938 |
| ENSE00001278878 | 122138424 | 122138551 |
| ENSE00001278929 | 122127883 | 122127968 |
| ENSE00001278951 | 122138194 | 122138295 |
| ENSE00001278956 | 122137469 | 122137590 |
| ENSE00001278960 | 122135489 | 122135666 |
| ENSE00001279017 | 122133348 | 122133987 |
| ENSE00001472589 | 122078756 | 122079266 |
| ENSE00001796587 | 122127256 | 122127362 |
| ENSE00002272499 | 122141691 | 122147344 |
| ENSE00003467741 | 122130844 | 122130933 |
| ENSE00003500106 | 122129137 | 122129226 |
| ENSE00003513193 | 122132292 | 122132383 |
| ENSE00003559488 | 122129941 | 122130112 |
| ENSE00003629977 | 122129588 | 122129629 |
| ENSE00003663423 | 122135224 | 122135345 |
Expression profiles
Bgee: expression breadth ubiquitous, 248 present calls, max score 98.55.
FANTOM5 (CAGE): breadth ubiquitous, TPM avg 19.2482 / max 249.6083, expressed in 1797 samples.
FANTOM5 promoters (5 alternative TSS)
| Promoter ID | TPM avg | Samples expressed |
|---|---|---|
| 128509 | 15.7013 | 1788 |
| 128508 | 2.2008 | 1310 |
| 128510 | 1.0925 | 717 |
| 206940 | 0.1357 | 42 |
| 128511 | 0.1179 | 40 |
Top tissues by expression
252 total, by Bgee expression score (0-100, higher = more expressed):
| Tissue | Anatomy ID | Expression score | Quality |
|---|---|---|---|
| ileal mucosa | UBERON:0000331 | 98.55 | gold quality |
| tibialis anterior | UBERON:0001385 | 97.96 | gold quality |
| gastrocnemius | UBERON:0001388 | 97.08 | gold quality |
| muscle layer of sigmoid colon | UBERON:0035805 | 96.42 | gold quality |
| muscle of leg | UBERON:0001383 | 96.25 | gold quality |
| pancreatic ductal cell | CL:0002079 | 96.02 | gold quality |
| parotid gland | UBERON:0001831 | 95.86 | gold quality |
| colonic epithelium | UBERON:0000397 | 95.84 | gold quality |
| transverse colon | UBERON:0001157 | 95.75 | gold quality |
| hindlimb stylopod muscle | UBERON:0004252 | 95.60 | gold quality |
| colon | UBERON:0001155 | 95.31 | gold quality |
| large intestine | UBERON:0000059 | 95.06 | gold quality |
| quadriceps femoris | UBERON:0001377 | 94.97 | gold quality |
| mucosa of stomach | UBERON:0001199 | 94.86 | gold quality |
| body of pancreas | UBERON:0001150 | 94.77 | gold quality |
| vastus lateralis | UBERON:0001379 | 94.56 | gold quality |
| skeletal muscle tissue | UBERON:0001134 | 94.45 | gold quality |
| mucosa of sigmoid colon | UBERON:0004993 | 94.37 | gold quality |
| rectum | UBERON:0001052 | 94.30 | gold quality |
| colonic mucosa | UBERON:0000317 | 94.29 | gold quality |
| intestine | UBERON:0000160 | 94.09 | gold quality |
| muscle tissue | UBERON:0002385 | 93.98 | gold quality |
| deltoid | UBERON:0001476 | 93.97 | gold quality |
| left ovary | UBERON:0002119 | 93.92 | gold quality |
| esophagogastric junction muscularis propria | UBERON:0035841 | 93.90 | gold quality |
| right lobe of thyroid gland | UBERON:0001119 | 93.83 | gold quality |
| right ovary | UBERON:0002118 | 93.75 | gold quality |
| lower esophagus muscularis layer | UBERON:0035833 | 93.68 | gold quality |
| lower esophagus | UBERON:0013473 | 93.65 | gold quality |
| skeletal muscle tissue of rectus abdominis | UBERON:0004511 | 93.47 | gold quality |
Single-cell (SCXA)
Detected in 8 experiment(s), a significant marker in 7.
| Experiment | Marker? | Max mean expression |
|---|---|---|
| E-HCAD-6 | yes | 61.95 |
| E-HCAD-4 | yes | 46.85 |
| E-MTAB-9067 | yes | 17.70 |
| E-GEOD-125970 | yes | 16.73 |
| E-GEOD-137537 | yes | 6.27 |
| E-ANND-3 | yes | 5.99 |
| E-CURD-122 | yes | 5.68 |
| E-MTAB-4850 | no | 95.90 |
Regulation
Is transcription factor: yes
Downstream targets (CollecTRI)
6 targets.
| Target | Regulation |
|---|---|
| KIT | |
| LDHA | Activation |
| MIR223 | |
| MLH1 | |
| PFKFB3 | |
| TXNIP | Unknown |
miRNA regulators (miRDB)
235 targeting MLXIP, top 30 by miRDB confidence (max_score; target_count = how many genes the miRNA targets in total — lower means more specific):
| miRNA | Max score | Avg score | miRNA target_count |
|---|---|---|---|
| HSA-MIR-8485 | 100.00 | 77.57 | 4731 |
| HSA-MIR-30A-5P | 100.00 | 76.31 | 3233 |
| HSA-MIR-30B-5P | 100.00 | 76.29 | 3248 |
| HSA-MIR-30C-5P | 100.00 | 76.29 | 3248 |
| HSA-MIR-30D-5P | 100.00 | 76.32 | 3233 |
| HSA-MIR-30E-5P | 100.00 | 76.32 | 3242 |
| HSA-MIR-3613-3P | 100.00 | 76.36 | 7965 |
| HSA-MIR-4262 | 100.00 | 73.26 | 3931 |
| HSA-MIR-29A-3P | 100.00 | 73.11 | 1835 |
| HSA-MIR-29B-3P | 100.00 | 73.18 | 1833 |
| HSA-MIR-29C-3P | 100.00 | 73.15 | 1833 |
| HSA-MIR-4692 | 100.00 | 67.32 | 2066 |
| HSA-MIR-9-5P | 100.00 | 72.28 | 2361 |
| HSA-MIR-188-3P | 100.00 | 68.76 | 1240 |
| HSA-MIR-4455 | 100.00 | 65.48 | 1587 |
| HSA-MIR-4510 | 100.00 | 66.60 | 2050 |
| HSA-MIR-6127 | 100.00 | 66.76 | 2188 |
| HSA-MIR-6129 | 100.00 | 66.46 | 2080 |
| HSA-MIR-6130 | 100.00 | 66.69 | 2012 |
| HSA-MIR-6133 | 100.00 | 66.48 | 2064 |
| HSA-MIR-4476 | 100.00 | 68.18 | 2030 |
| HSA-MIR-6876-5P | 100.00 | 67.68 | 2126 |
| HSA-MIR-432-3P | 100.00 | 67.86 | 705 |
| HSA-MIR-181A-5P | 99.99 | 72.96 | 2995 |
| HSA-MIR-181B-5P | 99.99 | 72.97 | 2996 |
| HSA-MIR-181C-5P | 99.99 | 72.95 | 2996 |
| HSA-MIR-181D-5P | 99.99 | 73.04 | 2997 |
| HSA-MIR-33B-5P | 99.99 | 68.58 | 1062 |
| HSA-MIR-1184 | 99.99 | 68.19 | 1458 |
| HSA-MIR-4514 | 99.99 | 67.10 | 1870 |
Literature-anchored findings (GeneRIF, showing 21)
- Data show that for both MondoA and Mlx, the C-terminal domain CRM-1 has cytoplasmic localization activity that is required by the protein monomers to accumulate in the cytoplasm. (PMID:12446771)
- Endogenous MondoA and Mlx associate with mitochondria in primary skeletal muscle. (PMID:16782875)
- These studies suggest a key role for MondoA:Mlx complexes in the adaptive transcriptional response to changes in extracellular glucose concentration and peripheral glucose uptake. (PMID:18458340)
- Data suggest that glutamine-dependent mitochondrial anapleurosis dictates glucose uptake and aerobic glycolysis by blocking MondoA:Mlx-dependent transcriptional activation of TXNIP. (PMID:19706488)
- Glucose is required at two additional steps to stimulate the transcription activation function of MondoA-Mlx complexes. (PMID:20385767)
- Induction of TXNIP under lactic acidosis is caused by the activation of the glucose-sensing helix-loop-helix transcriptional complex MondoA:Mlx, which is usually triggered upon glucose exposure. (PMID:20844768)
- the MondoA-TXNIP regulatory circuit has a role in the hexose transport curb, although other redundant pathways also contribute (PMID:21908621)
- An important contribution of MondoA to leukemia aggressiveness, which makes MondoA a potential candidate for targeted treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia. (PMID:22748921)
- Suppression of Txnip by lipopolysaccharide is accompanied by a decrease of the glucose sensing transcription factor MondoA in the nuclei. (PMID:23520550)
- These results suggest that C771G polymorphism of MLXIPL gene is associated with coronary stenosis and its severity. (PMID:25179879)
- regulatory relationship between mTOR and the MondoA-TXNIP axis that we propose contributes to glucose homeostasis (PMID:25332233)
- Knockdown of MondoA, or its dimerization partner Mlx, blocks Myc-induced reprogramming of multiple metabolic pathways, resulting in apoptosis (PMID:25640402)
- Evaluation of the conservation of ChREBP and MondoA sequences demonstrate that MondoA is better conserved and potentially mediates more ancient function in glucose metabolism. (PMID:26910886)
- MondoA-directed programs have a key role in the coordinated control of myocyte lipid balance and insulin signaling (PMID:27500491)
- Data (including data from studies in knockout mice) suggest that MONDOA shuttles to nucleus of pancreatic beta-cells where it is required for induction of glucose-responsive genes arrestin domain-containing protein 4 (ARRDC4) and thioredoxin interacting protein (TXNIP). (PMID:29282201)
- In response to acidosis, MondoA shows preferential binding to just two targets, TXNIP and its paralog ARRDC4. Because these transcriptional targets are suppressors of glucose uptake, the authors propose that MondoA is critical for restoring metabolic homeostasis in response to high energy charge. (PMID:30717828)
- MondoA drives muscle lipid accumulation and insulin resistance. (PMID:31287806)
- TXNIP induced by MondoA, rather than ChREBP, suppresses cervical cancer cell proliferation, migration and invasion. (PMID:31782782)
- MondoA-Thioredoxin-Interacting Protein Axis Maintains Regulatory T-Cell Identity and Function in Colorectal Cancer Microenvironment. (PMID:33901495)
- MondoA drives malignancy in B-ALL through enhanced adaptation to metabolic stress. (PMID:33908607)
- Genetic polymorphisms of LMX1B and MLXIP are associated with hip osteoarthritis in the Chinese population. (PMID:39263770)
Cross-species orthologs
5 orthologs
| Organism | Symbol | Gene ID |
|---|---|---|
| danio_rerio | mlxip | ENSDARG00000059474 |
| mus_musculus | Mlxip | ENSMUSG00000038342 |
| rattus_norvegicus | Mlxip | ENSRNOG00000001255 |
| drosophila_melanogaster | Mondo | FBGN0032940 |
| caenorhabditis_elegans | WBGENE00003378 |
Paralogs (3): MLXIPL (ENSG00000009950), TFAP4 (ENSG00000090447), MLX (ENSG00000108788)
Protein
Protein identifiers
MLX-interacting protein — Q9HAP2 (reviewed: Q9HAP2)
Alternative names: Class E basic helix-loop-helix protein 36, Transcriptional activator MondoA
All UniProt accessions (4): Q9HAP2, F5H0V4, F5H321, H0YGR9
UniProt curated annotations — full annotation on UniProt →
Function. Binds DNA as a heterodimer with MLX and activates transcription. Binds to the canonical E box sequence 5’-CACGTG-3’. Plays a role in transcriptional activation of glycolytic target genes. Involved in glucose-responsive gene regulation.
Subunit / interactions. Efficient DNA binding requires dimerization with another bHLH protein. Binds DNA as a homodimer or a heterodimer with MLX.
Subcellular location. Cytoplasm. Nucleus. Mitochondrion outer membrane.
Tissue specificity. Widely expressed in adult tissues. Most abundant in skeletal muscle.
Isoforms (5)
| UniProt ID | Names | Canonical? |
|---|---|---|
| Q9HAP2-1 | 1 | yes |
| Q9HAP2-2 | 2 | |
| Q9HAP2-3 | 3 | |
| Q9HAP2-4 | 4 | |
| Q9HAP2-5 | 5 |
RefSeq proteins (1): NP_055753* (*=MANE)
Domains & families (InterPro)
| ID | Name | Type |
|---|---|---|
| IPR011598 | bHLH_dom | Domain |
| IPR036638 | HLH_DNA-bd_sf | Homologous_superfamily |
| IPR052207 | Max-like/E-box_TFs | Family |
Pfam: PF00010
UniProt features (28 total): region of interest 7, modified residue 6, splice variant 6, compositionally biased region 4, sequence variant 2, initiator methionine 1, chain 1, domain 1
Structure
Experimental structures (PDB)
0 structures.
Predicted structure (AlphaFold)
| Model | pLDDT | Fraction very-high |
|---|---|---|
| AF-Q9HAP2-F1 | 54.60 | 0.15 |
Functional residue map
Curated UniProt residues grouped by drug-discovery relevance — catalytic, ligand-binding, modification, and mutation-validated positions. Source: UniProtKB sequence features.
Post-translational modifications (6): 2, 9, 27, 33, 39, 669
Function
Pathways and Gene Ontology
Reactome pathways
0 pathways
MSigDB gene sets: 194 (showing top):
GSE18804_SPLEEN_MACROPHAGE_VS_COLON_TUMORAL_MACROPHAGE_DN, BUYTAERT_PHOTODYNAMIC_THERAPY_STRESS_DN, RODRIGUES_NTN1_TARGETS_DN, LI_WILMS_TUMOR_VS_FETAL_KIDNEY_1_DN, GOCC_MITOCHONDRIAL_ENVELOPE, BENPORATH_ES_CORE_NINE_CORRELATED, GOBP_CARBOHYDRATE_HOMEOSTASIS, HASLINGER_B_CLL_WITH_CHROMOSOME_12_TRISOMY, DANG_BOUND_BY_MYC, MARIADASON_RESPONSE_TO_BUTYRATE_SULINDAC_6, RODRIGUES_THYROID_CARCINOMA_POORLY_DIFFERENTIATED_DN, OSMAN_BLADDER_CANCER_DN, SENESE_HDAC3_TARGETS_DN, GOCC_RNA_POLYMERASE_II_TRANSCRIPTION_REGULATOR_COMPLEX, GOCC_TRANSCRIPTION_REGULATOR_COMPLEX
GO Biological Process (2): regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II (GO:0006357), positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II (GO:0045944)
GO Molecular Function (6): RNA polymerase II transcription regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding (GO:0000977), RNA polymerase II cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding (GO:0000978), DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific (GO:0000981), DNA-binding transcription activator activity, RNA polymerase II-specific (GO:0001228), protein dimerization activity (GO:0046983), DNA binding (GO:0003677)
GO Cellular Component (6): chromatin (GO:0000785), nucleus (GO:0005634), mitochondrial outer membrane (GO:0005741), cytoplasm (GO:0005737), mitochondrion (GO:0005739), membrane (GO:0016020)
GO top-level categories
Rollup of top GO terms by namespace:
| Category | Terms |
|---|---|
| RNA polymerase II transcription regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding | 3 |
| cellular anatomical structure | 3 |
| transcription by RNA polymerase II | 2 |
| regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II | 2 |
| intracellular membrane-bounded organelle | 2 |
| regulation of DNA-templated transcription | 1 |
| positive regulation of DNA-templated transcription | 1 |
| transcription cis-regulatory region binding | 1 |
| cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding | 1 |
| chromatin | 1 |
| DNA-binding transcription factor activity | 1 |
| DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific | 1 |
| DNA-binding transcription activator activity | 1 |
| positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II | 1 |
| protein binding | 1 |
| nucleic acid binding | 1 |
| chromosome | 1 |
| mitochondrial membrane | 1 |
| organelle outer membrane | 1 |
| intracellular anatomical structure | 1 |
| cytoplasm | 1 |
Protein interactions and networks
STRING
504 interactions, top by confidence (×1000):
| Protein A | Protein B | Partner UniProt | Score |
|---|---|---|---|
| MLXIP | MLXIPL | Q9NP71 | 929 |
| MLXIP | MXD4 | Q14582 | 895 |
| MLXIP | HSD17B1 | P14061 | 715 |
| MLXIP | TXNIP | Q9H3M7 | 710 |
| MLXIP | XPO1 | O14980 | 702 |
| MLXIP | ARRDC4 | Q8NCT1 | 659 |
| MLXIP | MYCN | P04198 | 650 |
| MLXIP | MXD1 | Q05195 | 643 |
| MLXIP | MYC | P01106 | 642 |
| MLXIP | SIN3A | Q96ST3 | 605 |
| MLXIP | MXI1 | P50539 | 574 |
| MLXIP | MNT | Q99583 | 568 |
| MLXIP | MXD3 | Q9BW11 | 519 |
| MLXIP | MAX | P25912 | 465 |
| MLXIP | MLX | Q9UH92 | 421 |
IntAct
33 interactions, top by confidence:
| A | B | Type | Score |
|---|---|---|---|
| YWHAG | BLTP3B | psi-mi:“MI:2364”(proximity) | 0.640 |
| YWHAB | BLTP3B | psi-mi:“MI:2364”(proximity) | 0.610 |
| YWHAH | BLTP3B | psi-mi:“MI:2364”(proximity) | 0.570 |
| MLXIP | RAN | psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association) | 0.400 |
| MLXIP | H2BC9 | psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association) | 0.400 |
| MLXIP | psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association) | 0.370 | |
| Xpo1 | IFT56 | psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association) | 0.350 |
| PNKD | EXOC5 | psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association) | 0.350 |
| MLX | BACH1 | psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association) | 0.350 |
| YWHAG | C1orf226 | psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association) | 0.350 |
| YWHAE | DEPDC5 | psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association) | 0.350 |
| YWHAG | FOXO6 | psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association) | 0.350 |
| MLX | MGA | psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association) | 0.350 |
| YWHAB | E2F8 | psi-mi:“MI:2364”(proximity) | 0.270 |
| YWHAE | E2F8 | psi-mi:“MI:2364”(proximity) | 0.270 |
| YWHAH | E2F8 | psi-mi:“MI:2364”(proximity) | 0.270 |
| YWHAQ | E2F8 | psi-mi:“MI:2364”(proximity) | 0.270 |
| YWHAZ | E2F8 | psi-mi:“MI:2364”(proximity) | 0.270 |
| YWHAE | PLEKHG3 | psi-mi:“MI:2364”(proximity) | 0.270 |
| YWHAQ | BLTP3B | psi-mi:“MI:2364”(proximity) | 0.270 |
| SFN | BLTP3B | psi-mi:“MI:2364”(proximity) | 0.270 |
| YWHAG | E2F8 | psi-mi:“MI:2364”(proximity) | 0.270 |
| AGGF1 | BLTP3B | psi-mi:“MI:2364”(proximity) | 0.270 |
| EXOSC5 | CNOT1 | psi-mi:“MI:2364”(proximity) | 0.270 |
| GPKOW | ESYT2 | psi-mi:“MI:2364”(proximity) | 0.270 |
| TBRG4 | VWA8 | psi-mi:“MI:2364”(proximity) | 0.270 |
| YWHAG | RPSA2 | psi-mi:“MI:2364”(proximity) | 0.270 |
| DDX6 | RPSA2 | psi-mi:“MI:2364”(proximity) | 0.270 |
| MLXIP | kbl | psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association) | 0.000 |
BioGRID (39): MLX (Reconstituted Complex), MLXIP (Affinity Capture-MS), MLXIP (Affinity Capture-Western), MTOR (Affinity Capture-Western), MLXIP (Co-fractionation), MLXIP (Affinity Capture-MS), MLXIP (Affinity Capture-MS), MLXIP (Affinity Capture-MS), MLXIP (Proximity Label-MS), MLXIP (Affinity Capture-MS), MLX (Far Western), MLXIP (Proximity Label-MS), MLXIP (Proximity Label-MS), MLXIP (Affinity Capture-MS), MLXIP (Proximity Label-MS)
ESM2 similar proteins: A0A0G2JTY4, A2VD01, A5PMU4, A8E4V2, D2HNW6, E1BEQ5, O54972, O95644, P16236, P59281, P70365, P97305, Q12968, Q13191, Q13469, Q13905, Q15788, Q1LY51, Q2VPU4, Q3LRZ1, Q3TTA7, Q3U182, Q4PJW2, Q4VCS5, Q60591, Q61122, Q66IV1, Q68FF7, Q6DFR2, Q6GQL0, Q6NYU6, Q6ZNC4, Q80TM6, Q80VG1, Q8HWS3, Q8IXK0, Q8IY63, Q8K4S7, Q8N228, Q8VHG2
Diamond homologs: O08609, Q2VPU4, Q8VIP2, Q99MZ3, Q9HAP2, Q9NP71, Q9UH92, P41846
SIGNOR signaling
0 interactions.
Enriched among interaction partners
Reactome pathways and GO biological processes over-represented among this gene’s 34 IntAct physical interaction partners (hypergeometric vs the genome-wide background, BH-FDR, gene-set size 15–500, ranked by fold). A functional readout of the neighbourhood — distinct from this gene’s own memberships above, and biased toward well-studied / hub proteins, so read it as themes rather than proof.
Reactome pathways:
| Pathway | Partners | Fold | FDR |
|---|---|---|---|
| Activation of BAD and translocation to mitochondria | 7 | 197.4× | 1e-13 |
| Chk1/Chk2(Cds1) mediated inactivation of Cyclin B:Cdk1 complex | 7 | 174.2× | 2e-13 |
| SARS-CoV-1 targets host intracellular signalling and regulatory pathways | 7 | 174.2× | 2e-13 |
| Activation of BH3-only proteins | 7 | 128.7× | 2e-12 |
| RHO GTPases activate PKNs | 7 | 82.2× | 4e-11 |
| Intrinsic Pathway for Apoptosis | 7 | 75.9× | 7e-11 |
| FOXO-mediated transcription | 5 | 62.2× | 2e-07 |
| Translocation of SLC2A4 (GLUT4) to the plasma membrane | 8 | 45.7× | 1e-10 |
GO biological processes:
| GO term | Partners | Fold | FDR |
|---|---|---|---|
| protein targeting | 5 | 65.4× | 1e-06 |
| intracellular protein localization | 7 | 26.2× | 1e-06 |
Disease & clinical
Clinical variants and AI predictions
ClinVar
54 variants total. Per-class counts are floors (≥ shown; pagination cap):
| Classification | Count (floor) |
|---|---|
| Pathogenic | 1 |
| Likely pathogenic | 0 |
| Uncertain significance | 31 |
| Likely benign | 0 |
| Benign | 0 |
Top pathogenic / likely-pathogenic (1)
| Variant ID | HGVS | Classification |
|---|---|---|
| 1527743 | GRCh37/hg19 12q24.31(chr12:121882818-122666131)x1 | Pathogenic |
SpliceAI
4050 predictions. Top by Δscore:
| Variant | Effect | Δscore |
|---|---|---|
| 12:122127254:A:AG | acceptor_gain | 1.0000 |
| 12:122127254:AGT:A | acceptor_gain | 1.0000 |
| 12:122127254:AGTG:A | acceptor_gain | 1.0000 |
| 12:122127254:AGTGG:A | acceptor_gain | 1.0000 |
| 12:122127255:G:GT | acceptor_gain | 1.0000 |
| 12:122127255:GT:G | acceptor_gain | 1.0000 |
| 12:122127255:GTG:G | acceptor_gain | 1.0000 |
| 12:122127255:GTGG:G | acceptor_gain | 1.0000 |
| 12:122127255:GTGGG:G | acceptor_gain | 1.0000 |
| 12:122127358:GCAGT:G | donor_gain | 1.0000 |
| 12:122127360:AGTGT:A | donor_loss | 1.0000 |
| 12:122127361:GT:G | donor_gain | 1.0000 |
| 12:122127361:GTGT:G | donor_loss | 1.0000 |
| 12:122127362:TG:T | donor_loss | 1.0000 |
| 12:122127363:G:GG | donor_gain | 1.0000 |
| 12:122127878:CTCA:C | acceptor_loss | 1.0000 |
| 12:122127879:TCAG:T | acceptor_loss | 1.0000 |
| 12:122127880:CA:C | acceptor_loss | 1.0000 |
| 12:122127881:A:AC | acceptor_loss | 1.0000 |
| 12:122127881:A:AG | acceptor_gain | 1.0000 |
| 12:122127882:G:GA | acceptor_gain | 1.0000 |
| 12:122127882:GA:G | acceptor_gain | 1.0000 |
| 12:122127882:GAT:G | acceptor_gain | 1.0000 |
| 12:122127882:GATC:G | acceptor_gain | 1.0000 |
| 12:122127882:GATCT:G | acceptor_gain | 1.0000 |
| 12:122127966:G:GT | donor_gain | 1.0000 |
| 12:122128024:G:GT | donor_gain | 1.0000 |
| 12:122129133:CTAG:C | acceptor_loss | 1.0000 |
| 12:122129134:TAG:T | acceptor_loss | 1.0000 |
| 12:122129135:A:AC | acceptor_loss | 1.0000 |
AlphaMissense
6023 scored. Top likely-pathogenic:
| Variant | Protein change | am_pathogenicity |
|---|---|---|
| 12:122079091:G:C | G80R | 1.000 |
| 12:122079092:G:A | G80D | 1.000 |
| 12:122079097:T:C | F82L | 1.000 |
| 12:122079098:T:C | F82S | 1.000 |
| 12:122079098:T:G | F82C | 1.000 |
| 12:122079099:C:A | F82L | 1.000 |
| 12:122079099:C:G | F82L | 1.000 |
| 12:122079239:T:C | L129P | 1.000 |
| 12:122127273:C:A | P144Q | 1.000 |
| 12:122127278:T:A | W146R | 1.000 |
| 12:122127278:T:C | W146R | 1.000 |
| 12:122127279:G:C | W146S | 1.000 |
| 12:122127280:G:C | W146C | 1.000 |
| 12:122127280:G:T | W146C | 1.000 |
| 12:122127321:T:G | I160S | 1.000 |
| 12:122127327:T:A | L162H | 1.000 |
| 12:122127327:T:C | L162P | 1.000 |
| 12:122127330:A:T | N163I | 1.000 |
| 12:122127331:T:A | N163K | 1.000 |
| 12:122127331:T:G | N163K | 1.000 |
| 12:122127334:T:A | N164K | 1.000 |
| 12:122127334:T:G | N164K | 1.000 |
| 12:122127339:T:A | I166N | 1.000 |
| 12:122127341:T:A | W167R | 1.000 |
| 12:122127341:T:C | W167R | 1.000 |
| 12:122127342:G:C | W167S | 1.000 |
| 12:122127343:G:C | W167C | 1.000 |
| 12:122127343:G:T | W167C | 1.000 |
| 12:122127345:G:C | R168P | 1.000 |
| 12:122127350:T:A | W170R | 1.000 |
dbSNP variants (sampled 300 via entrez): RS1000021681 (12:122096923 C>T), RS1000050326 (12:122117712 G>C), RS1000069578 (12:122142990 A>G), RS1000079049 (12:122142819 G>A), RS1000135783 (12:122121659 G>C), RS1000161959 (12:122110637 G>A), RS1000167048 (12:122121443 T>G), RS1000227950 (12:122110358 G>A), RS1000305820 (12:122089756 C>A), RS1000477967 (12:122104487 G>A), RS1000486313 (12:122122756 C>T), RS1000487343 (12:122109268 T>C), RS1000560567 (12:122109068 G>A), RS1000633742 (12:122124279 A>C,G,T), RS1000646204 (12:122115605 A>T)
Disease associations
OMIM: gene MIM:608090 | disease phenotypes:
GenCC curated gene-disease
Mondo (0):
Orphanet (0):
HPO phenotypes
0 total (0 of 0 shown, HPO-id order):
GWAS associations
31 associations (top):
| Study | Trait | p-value |
|---|---|---|
| GCST002001_9 | Adverse response to chemotherapy (neutropenia/leucopenia) (all antimicrotubule drugs) | 7.000000e-06 |
| GCST006627_90 | Diastolic blood pressure | 1.000000e-18 |
| GCST007733_26 | Serum uric acid levels | 3.000000e-07 |
| GCST007733_66 | Serum uric acid levels | 5.000000e-06 |
| GCST008129_77 | Body mass index | 3.000000e-10 |
| GCST008972_113 | Urate levels | 5.000000e-06 |
| GCST008972_175 | Urate levels | 3.000000e-21 |
| GCST010241_383 | Apolipoprotein A1 levels | 6.000000e-10 |
| GCST010277_15 | Gout | 2.000000e-07 |
| GCST012227_560 | Hip circumference adjusted for BMI | 6.000000e-09 |
| GCST012338_31 | Gout | 3.000000e-12 |
| GCST90000025_1004 | Appendicular lean mass | 9.000000e-11 |
| GCST90002392_397 | Mean corpuscular volume | 2.000000e-14 |
| GCST90002396_540 | Mean reticulocyte volume | 5.000000e-10 |
| GCST90002403_463 | Red blood cell count | 2.000000e-12 |
| GCST90011898_11 | Alanine aminotransferase levels | 5.000000e-25 |
| GCST90020024_238 | A body shape index | 1.000000e-08 |
| GCST90020025_108 | Waist-to-hip ratio adjusted for BMI | 6.000000e-16 |
| GCST90020025_109 | Waist-to-hip ratio adjusted for BMI | 7.000000e-13 |
| GCST90020025_110 | Waist-to-hip ratio adjusted for BMI | 6.000000e-09 |
| GCST90020025_111 | Waist-to-hip ratio adjusted for BMI | 5.000000e-14 |
| GCST90020026_26 | Hip index | 4.000000e-08 |
| GCST90020026_27 | Hip index | 2.000000e-09 |
| GCST90020027_1188 | Waist-hip index | 7.000000e-09 |
| GCST90020027_1189 | Waist-hip index | 1.000000e-13 |
| GCST90020027_1686 | Waist-hip index | 4.000000e-15 |
| GCST90020027_1687 | Waist-hip index | 1.000000e-12 |
| GCST90020028_956 | Hip circumference adjusted for BMI | 2.000000e-09 |
| GCST90020028_957 | Hip circumference adjusted for BMI | 3.000000e-16 |
| GCST90020028_958 | Hip circumference adjusted for BMI | 4.000000e-08 |
EFO canonical traits (12, from GWAS)
| EFO ID | Trait name |
|---|---|
| EFO:0005260 | response to antimicrotubule agent |
| EFO:0006336 | diastolic blood pressure |
| EFO:0004761 | uric acid measurement |
| EFO:0004340 | body mass index |
| EFO:0004531 | urate measurement |
| EFO:0004614 | apolipoprotein A 1 measurement |
| EFO:0008039 | BMI-adjusted hip circumference |
| EFO:0004980 | appendicular lean mass |
| EFO:0010701 | mean reticulocyte volume |
| EFO:0004305 | erythrocyte count |
| EFO:0007789 | BMI-adjusted waist circumference |
| EFO:0007788 | BMI-adjusted waist-hip ratio |
Drugs & pharmacology
Drug and pharmacology data
Is drug target: no
PharmGKB: 1 entry (VIP=true, CPIC=false)
CTD chemical–gene interactions
46 total (human), top 30 by PubMed support.
| Chemical | Actions (top 5) | PubMed papers |
|---|---|---|
| sodium arsenite | increases abundance, increases expression, affects expression, decreases expression | 3 |
| Acetaminophen | decreases expression, increases expression | 2 |
| Air Pollutants | increases expression, affects expression, increases abundance | 2 |
| Benzo(a)pyrene | affects methylation, increases mutagenesis | 2 |
| Estradiol | affects cotreatment, increases expression | 2 |
| Tobacco Smoke Pollution | decreases methylation, increases expression | 2 |
| Valproic Acid | increases expression | 2 |
| aristolochic acid I | increases expression | 1 |
| bisphenol F | affects cotreatment, decreases expression | 1 |
| dicrotophos | increases expression | 1 |
| bisphenol A | decreases methylation | 1 |
| hydroxyhydroquinone | decreases expression | 1 |
| tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl)phosphate | increases expression | 1 |
| butyraldehyde | decreases expression | 1 |
| pyrrolidine dithiocarbamic acid | affects localization, decreases reaction | 1 |
| CGP 52608 | affects binding, increases reaction | 1 |
| 2-palmitoylglycerol | increases expression | 1 |
| abrine | decreases expression | 1 |
| Grape Seed Proanthocyanidins | affects cotreatment, decreases expression | 1 |
| Vorinostat | increases expression | 1 |
| Arsenic | increases abundance, increases expression, decreases expression | 1 |
| Atrazine | increases expression | 1 |
| Cadmium | decreases expression, increases abundance | 1 |
| Catechin | affects cotreatment, decreases expression | 1 |
| Cisplatin | decreases expression | 1 |
| Dexamethasone | affects cotreatment, decreases expression | 1 |
| Dimethyl Sulfoxide | increases expression | 1 |
| Doxorubicin | decreases expression | 1 |
| Glucose | affects localization, decreases reaction, affects reaction | 1 |
| Indomethacin | affects cotreatment, decreases expression | 1 |
Cellosaurus cell lines
3 cell lines: 2 cancer cell line, 1 transformed cell line
First 10 cell lines (id-ordered, not curated):
| Cellosaurus | Name | Category | Sex |
|---|---|---|---|
| CVCL_D9KF | Ubigene HEK293 MLXIP KO | Transformed cell line | Female |
| CVCL_SY56 | HAP1 MLXIP (-) 1 | Cancer cell line | Male |
| CVCL_XQ57 | HAP1 MLXIP (-) 2 | Cancer cell line | Male |
Clinical trials (associated diseases)
0 trials via MONDO — disease-level, not drug-specific.
Related Atlas pages
- Disease cohort memberships (association, not causation — diseases whose associated-gene cohort lists this gene; a subset are also under Associated diseases): gout