MNT

gene
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Also known as ROXMXD6MAD6bHLHd3lncRNA-HAL

Summary

MNT (MAX network transcriptional repressor, HGNC:7188) is a protein-coding gene on chromosome 17p13.3, encoding Max-binding protein MNT (Q99583). Binds DNA as a heterodimer with MAX and represses transcription.

The Myc/Max/Mad network comprises a group of transcription factors that co-interact to regulate gene-specific transcriptional activation or repression. This gene encodes a protein member of the Myc/Max/Mad network. This protein has a basic-Helix-Loop-Helix-zipper domain (bHLHzip) with which it binds the canonical DNA sequence CANNTG, known as the E box, following heterodimerization with Max proteins. This protein is likely a transcriptional repressor and an antagonist of Myc-dependent transcriptional activation and cell growth. This protein represses transcription by binding to DNA binding proteins at its N-terminal Sin3-interaction domain.

Source: NCBI Gene 4335 — RefSeq curated summary.

At a glance

  • GWAS associations: 2
  • Clinical variants (ClinVar): 91 total
  • Transcription factor: yes — 11 downstream targets (CollecTRI)
  • MANE Select transcript: NM_020310

Identifiers

Gene identifiers

FieldValue
HGNC IDHGNC:7188
Approved symbolMNT
NameMAX network transcriptional repressor
Location17p13.3
Locus typegene with protein product
StatusApproved
AliasesROX, MXD6, MAD6, bHLHd3, lncRNA-HAL
Ensembl geneENSG00000070444
Ensembl biotypeprotein_coding
OMIM603039
Entrez4335

Gene structure

Transcript identifiers

Ensembl transcripts: 10 — 5 protein_coding_CDS_not_defined, 3 protein_coding, 2 retained_intron

ENST00000174618, ENST00000571232, ENST00000571836, ENST00000572892, ENST00000573384, ENST00000574559, ENST00000575374, ENST00000575394, ENST00000575402, ENST00000860066

RefSeq mRNA: 1 — MANE Select: NM_020310 NM_020310

CCDS: CCDS11018

Canonical transcript exons

ENST00000174618 — 6 exons

ExonStartEnd
ENSE0000094717023948752395454
ENSE0000094717123943052394346
ENSE0000094717223940432394154
ENSE0000127941923840732387649
ENSE0000149047624006402401060
ENSE0000359765923878572388049

Expression profiles

Bgee: expression breadth ubiquitous, 288 present calls, max score 98.39.

FANTOM5 (CAGE): breadth ubiquitous, TPM avg 18.4432 / max 217.0966, expressed in 1803 samples.

FANTOM5 promoters (5 alternative TSS)

Promoter IDTPM avgSamples expressed
16382512.56561783
1638263.94411633
1638241.1854737
1638220.4332122
1638230.3149131

Top tissues by expression

292 total, by Bgee expression score (0-100, higher = more expressed):

TissueAnatomy IDExpression scoreQuality
cervix squamous epitheliumUBERON:000692298.39gold quality
Brodmann (1909) area 23UBERON:001355496.21gold quality
middle temporal gyrusUBERON:000277195.90gold quality
CA1 field of hippocampusUBERON:000388195.74gold quality
endothelial cellCL:000011595.68gold quality
dorsal motor nucleus of vagus nerveUBERON:000287094.73gold quality
Brodmann (1909) area 10UBERON:001354193.61gold quality
sural nerveUBERON:001548893.54gold quality
gingival epitheliumUBERON:000194993.46silver quality
orbitofrontal cortexUBERON:000416793.12gold quality
tongue squamous epitheliumUBERON:000691993.06gold quality
tendon of biceps brachiiUBERON:000818892.52gold quality
cervix epitheliumUBERON:000480192.28gold quality
pancreatic ductal cellCL:000207991.90silver quality
epithelium of mammary glandUBERON:000324491.70gold quality
mammary ductUBERON:000176591.58gold quality
seminal vesicleUBERON:000099891.11gold quality
oviduct epitheliumUBERON:000480491.10gold quality
inferior olivary complexUBERON:000212790.87gold quality
entorhinal cortexUBERON:000272890.65gold quality
primary visual cortexUBERON:000243690.61gold quality
gingivaUBERON:000182890.56gold quality
occipital lobeUBERON:000202190.15gold quality
bloodUBERON:000017890.10gold quality
hair follicleUBERON:000207389.91silver quality
Brodmann (1909) area 46UBERON:000648389.91gold quality
lateral nuclear group of thalamusUBERON:000273689.28gold quality
olfactory bulbUBERON:000226489.16silver quality
germinal epithelium of ovaryUBERON:000130489.10gold quality
parietal pleuraUBERON:000240089.07gold quality

Single-cell (SCXA)

Detected in 1 experiment(s), a significant marker in 1.

ExperimentMarker?Max mean expression
E-ANND-3yes7.28

Regulation

Is transcription factor: yes

Downstream targets (CollecTRI)

11 targets.

TargetRegulation
CCND2
ERGUnknown
GLMN
HAP1
IL1B
KRAS
MAX
MNT
RSPH1Unknown
TERT
TP53

JASPAR motifs

MotifNameFamily
MA0825.1MNTbHLH-ZIP
MA0825.2MNTbHLH-ZIP

JASPAR matrix evidence (PMIDs): PMID:12695332

Upstream regulators (CollecTRI, top): APEX1, MNT, MYC

miRNA regulators (miRDB)

172 targeting MNT, top 30 by miRDB confidence (max_score; target_count = how many genes the miRNA targets in total — lower means more specific):

miRNAMax scoreAvg scoremiRNA target_count
HSA-MIR-6867-5P100.0082.213464
HSA-MIR-4673100.0066.641490
HSA-MIR-548C-3P99.9974.017587
HSA-MIR-4789-3P99.9970.752484
HSA-MIR-6870-5P99.9968.552115
HSA-MIR-4645-5P99.9865.811284
HSA-MIR-4723-5P99.9768.702034
HSA-MIR-569899.9768.492029
HSA-MIR-7111-5P99.9768.482062
HSA-MIR-302E99.9670.742669
HSA-LET-7C-3P99.9573.422862
HSA-MIR-128-3P99.9571.172484
HSA-MIR-216A-3P99.9571.192505
HSA-MIR-185-3P99.9567.011743
HSA-MIR-144-3P99.9473.982698
HSA-MIR-1-3P99.9372.351914
HSA-MIR-20699.9372.501893
HSA-MIR-6721-5P99.9368.922981
HSA-MIR-205-3P99.9269.923165
HSA-MIR-497-5P99.9271.832674
HSA-MIR-61399.9171.501710
HSA-MIR-15A-5P99.9072.802787
HSA-MIR-15B-5P99.9072.782798
HSA-MIR-16-5P99.9072.802780
HSA-MIR-195-5P99.9072.812805
HSA-MIR-424-5P99.8971.902641
HSA-MIR-6838-5P99.8971.942690
HSA-MIR-302A-3P99.8971.231777
HSA-MIR-302B-3P99.8971.231777
HSA-MIR-302C-3P99.8971.201778

Literature-anchored findings (GeneRIF, showing 13)

  • downregulation MYCN was reflected in a decreased MYCN/Max DNA-binding activity while the Mnt/Max binding did not change during differentiation (PMID:15258910)
  • Serum stimulation of quiescent cells results in phosphorylation of Mnt and disruption of the critical Mnt-mSin3-HDAC1 interaction. This in turn leads to increased expression of the Myc/Mnt target gene cyclin D2. Review. (PMID:17419941)
  • Mad1, Mxi1 and Rox genes were expressed and displayed mutations in haematological malignancies. (PMID:17577784)
  • Mxd1 D112a and Max N78a and H81d, which are located in the leucine zippers of the proteins, can dictate the specificity of heterodimerization and whether or not the Mxd1/Max/DNA complex forms. (PMID:18155722)
  • Missense mutations in Mad1, Mxi1 and Rox were found in acute leukemia patients. (PMID:18457265)
  • The switch from Mnt-Max to Myc-Max during bile duct ligation (cholestasis) and in hepatocytes treated with lithocholic acid is responsible for the induction in p53 and cyclin D1 expression and contributes to apoptosis. (PMID:19086036)
  • The results suggest that MNT, via interaction with Nck1, inhibits hepatoma cell migration. (PMID:22964333)
  • The data demonstrate that the balance between c-Myc and Mnt activity determines the transcriptional outcome of the hTERT promoter by modulation of the chromatin architecture. (PMID:23860446)
  • Here we review the activities of MYC, MNT and other MAX interacting proteins in the setting of T and B cell activation and oncogenesis (PMID:24731854)
  • In vitro, uremia induced dysregulation of DNA methylation in differentiating monocytes, which affected several transcription regulators important for monocyte differentiation (e.g., FLT3, HDAC1, MNT) and led to enhanced generation of intermediate monocytes. (PMID:27018948)
  • The MNT transcription factor autoregulates its expression and supports proliferation in MYC-associated factor X (MAX)-deficient cells. (PMID:31919096)
  • Mnt Represses Epithelial Identity To Promote Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition. (PMID:34460331)
  • MNT inhibits lung adenocarcinoma ferroptosis and chemosensitivity by suppressing SAT1. (PMID:38831092)

Cross-species orthologs

4 orthologs

OrganismSymbolGene ID
danio_reriomntaENSDARG00000101859
mus_musculusMntENSMUSG00000000282
rattus_norvegicusMntENSRNOG00000002894
caenorhabditis_elegansWBGENE00003163

Paralogs (4): MXD1 (ENSG00000059728), MXI1 (ENSG00000119950), MXD4 (ENSG00000123933), MXD3 (ENSG00000213347)

Protein

Protein identifiers

Max-binding protein MNTQ99583 (reviewed: Q99583)

Alternative names: Class D basic helix-loop-helix protein 3, Myc antagonist MNT, Protein ROX

All UniProt accessions (2): Q99583, V9GY02

UniProt curated annotations — full annotation on UniProt →

Function. Binds DNA as a heterodimer with MAX and represses transcription. Binds to the canonical E box sequence 5’-CACGTG-3’ and, with higher affinity, to 5’-CACGCG-3'.

Subunit / interactions. Efficient DNA binding requires dimerization with another bHLH protein. Binds DNA as a homodimer or a heterodimer with MAX.

Subcellular location. Nucleus.

RefSeq proteins (1): NP_064706* (*=MANE)

Domains & families (InterPro)

IDNameType
IPR011598bHLH_domDomain
IPR036638HLH_DNA-bd_sfHomologous_superfamily

Pfam: PF00010

UniProt features (19 total): compositionally biased region 11, region of interest 3, initiator methionine 1, chain 1, modified residue 1, sequence variant 1, domain 1

Structure

Experimental structures (PDB)

0 structures.

Predicted structure (AlphaFold)

ModelpLDDTFraction very-high
AF-Q99583-F160.870.24

Functional residue map

Curated UniProt residues grouped by drug-discovery relevance — catalytic, ligand-binding, modification, and mutation-validated positions. Source: UniProtKB sequence features.

Post-translational modifications (1): 2

Function

Pathways and Gene Ontology

Reactome pathways

0 pathways

MSigDB gene sets: 377 (showing top): RNGTGGGC_UNKNOWN, BROWNE_HCMV_INFECTION_6HR_DN, PAX4_01, FISCHER_G1_S_CELL_CYCLE, LFA1_Q6, ATACCTC_MIR202, GRAESSMANN_APOPTOSIS_BY_DOXORUBICIN_DN, TGACCTY_ERR1_Q2, AP2_Q3, CACCAGC_MIR138, GOBP_CELLULAR_SENESCENCE, GGGTGGRR_PAX4_03, USF_C, YY1_Q6, AACWWCAANK_UNKNOWN

GO Biological Process (7): negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II (GO:0000122), regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II (GO:0006357), transcription by RNA polymerase II (GO:0006366), regulation of cell cycle (GO:0051726), cellular senescence (GO:0090398), negative regulation of apoptotic signaling pathway (GO:2001234), regulation of DNA-templated transcription (GO:0006355)

GO Molecular Function (10): RNA polymerase II transcription regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding (GO:0000977), RNA polymerase II cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding (GO:0000978), DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific (GO:0000981), DNA-binding transcription repressor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific (GO:0001227), chromatin binding (GO:0003682), DNA-binding transcription factor activity (GO:0003700), identical protein binding (GO:0042802), protein dimerization activity (GO:0046983), DNA binding (GO:0003677), protein binding (GO:0005515)

GO Cellular Component (3): chromatin (GO:0000785), nucleoplasm (GO:0005654), nucleus (GO:0005634)

GO top-level categories

Rollup of top GO terms by namespace:

CategoryTerms
RNA polymerase II transcription regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding3
regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II2
transcription by RNA polymerase II2
regulation of DNA-templated transcription2
DNA-templated transcription2
transcription cis-regulatory region binding2
binding2
protein binding2
cellular anatomical structure2
negative regulation of DNA-templated transcription1
cell cycle1
regulation of cellular process1
cellular process1
cellular response to stress1
negative regulation of signal transduction1
negative regulation of apoptotic process1
apoptotic signaling pathway1
regulation of apoptotic signaling pathway1
regulation of gene expression1
regulation of RNA biosynthetic process1
cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding1
chromatin1
DNA-binding transcription factor activity1
negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II1
DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific1
DNA-binding transcription repressor activity1
transcription regulator activity1
nucleic acid binding1
chromosome1
nuclear lumen1
intracellular membrane-bounded organelle1

Protein interactions and networks

STRING

784 interactions, top by confidence (×1000):

Protein AProtein BPartner UniProtScore
MNTMXD4Q14582895
MNTMLXQ9UH92872
MNTMYCP01106776
MNTMLXIPLQ9NP71729
MNTSIN3AQ96ST3724
MNTMYCNP04198697
MNTNIF3L1Q9GZT8666
MNTMXD1Q05195623
MNTCISD1Q9NZ45591
MNTPKLRP11973588
MNTMAXP25912570
MNTMLXIPQ9HAP2568
MNTHIC1Q14526555
MNTMYCLP12524549
MNTWSB1Q9Y6I7548

IntAct

33 interactions, top by confidence:

ABTypeScore
MNTMAXpsi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)0.810
MAXMNTpsi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)0.810
MAXE2F6psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.710
NCK2MNTpsi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)0.560
MNTMNTpsi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)0.510
Sin3aMNTpsi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)0.510
Dlg4MNTpsi-mi:“MI:0407”(direct interaction)0.440
MNTSMSpsi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)0.400
MNTITGB1psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)0.400
MNTTPRpsi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)0.400
SIN3MNTpsi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)0.370
MLXMNTpsi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)0.370
MaxPABPN1psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.350
FOXK2PHF20L1psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.350
MAXSMARCA5psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.350
MXD3SAP30psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.350
MAXAGRNpsi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.350
MLXMGApsi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.350
KLF8USP27Xpsi-mi:“MI:2364”(proximity)0.270
KLF9SEC16Apsi-mi:“MI:2364”(proximity)0.270

BioGRID (55): MNT (Two-hybrid), MNT (Affinity Capture-MS), MNT (Affinity Capture-MS), MNT (Affinity Capture-MS), MNT (Reconstituted Complex), MNT (Affinity Capture-Western), UBE3A (Affinity Capture-Western), MNT (Affinity Capture-MS), MNT (Affinity Capture-MS), MNT (Affinity Capture-MS), MNT (Affinity Capture-MS), MNT (Affinity Capture-MS), MNT (Positive Genetic), MNT (Protein-RNA), MNT (Affinity Capture-MS)

ESM2 similar proteins: A4IFD2, A4QNP0, O08789, O89038, O94842, P09086, P15257, P20823, P22361, P42128, P48436, P58462, P61753, P61754, P85037, Q00196, Q01167, Q0P5K4, Q0VH32, Q14814, Q29013, Q2LE08, Q3LHL9, Q3UCQ1, Q498D1, Q4VYS1, Q58NQ4, Q5F3U0, Q5M7C3, Q5R6A9, Q62901, Q63943, Q6DDH6, Q6DJL0, Q6IRR0, Q7ZUV7, Q7ZX03, Q8BIH0, Q8BU11, Q8CHI8

Diamond homologs: O08789, P28574, P50538, P50539, P52162, P52164, P61244, P61245, Q05195, Q07016, Q0VFI9, Q0VH32, Q0VH33, Q0VH34, Q28DB3, Q62912, Q7SX95, Q80US8, Q99583, Q9BW11, G5EG44, O09015, P50540, P50541, Q14582, Q60948, A1YG22, A2T7L5, B8XIA5, G5EEH5, O02818, P01106, P01108, P01109, P01110, P03966, P04198, P06171, P06295, P06646

SIGNOR signaling

1 interactions.

AEffectBMechanism
MAX“up-regulates activity”MNTbinding

Disease & clinical

Clinical variants and AI predictions

ClinVar

91 variants total. Per-class counts are floors (≥ shown; pagination cap):

ClassificationCount (floor)
Pathogenic0
Likely pathogenic0
Uncertain significance80
Likely benign3
Benign2

Top pathogenic / likely-pathogenic (0)

SpliceAI

1424 predictions. Top by Δscore:

VariantEffectΔscore
17:2387646:CCCT:Cacceptor_gain1.0000
17:2387647:CCTC:Cacceptor_gain1.0000
17:2387851:GCTCA:Gdonor_loss1.0000
17:2387852:CTCA:Cdonor_loss1.0000
17:2387853:TCAC:Tdonor_loss1.0000
17:2387854:CA:Cdonor_loss1.0000
17:2387855:A:Cdonor_loss1.0000
17:2387856:C:Adonor_loss1.0000
17:2388047:GGA:Gacceptor_gain1.0000
17:2388049:AC:Aacceptor_loss1.0000
17:2388050:C:CCacceptor_gain1.0000
17:2388054:C:CTacceptor_gain1.0000
17:2388058:CAGAG:Cacceptor_gain1.0000
17:2388062:G:GCacceptor_gain1.0000
17:2394150:CCCTC:Cacceptor_gain1.0000
17:2394151:CCTCC:Cacceptor_gain1.0000
17:2394152:CTC:Cacceptor_gain1.0000
17:2395455:C:CCacceptor_gain1.0000
17:2400639:CCA:Cdonor_gain1.0000
17:2387648:CT:Cacceptor_gain0.9900
17:2387650:C:CCacceptor_gain0.9900
17:2387855:A:ACdonor_gain0.9900
17:2387856:C:CCdonor_gain0.9900
17:2387886:T:TAdonor_gain0.9900
17:2388045:AGGGA:Aacceptor_gain0.9900
17:2388046:GGGA:Gacceptor_gain0.9900
17:2388048:GA:Gacceptor_gain0.9900
17:2388056:C:CTacceptor_gain0.9900
17:2388059:A:Tacceptor_gain0.9900
17:2388062:G:Cacceptor_gain0.9900

AlphaMissense

3711 scored. Top likely-pathogenic:

VariantProtein changeam_pathogenicity
17:2387997:C:GR287P1.000
17:2388003:A:GL285P1.000
17:2388045:A:GL271P1.000
17:2394047:A:TI268N1.000
17:2394056:A:GL265P1.000
17:2394059:G:TA264E1.000
17:2394060:C:GA264P1.000
17:2394068:A:CL261R1.000
17:2394068:A:GL261P1.000
17:2394068:A:TL261Q1.000
17:2394077:A:GL258P1.000
17:2394077:A:TL258Q1.000
17:2394079:A:CN257K1.000
17:2394079:A:TN257K1.000
17:2394081:T:CN257D1.000
17:2394083:G:AS256F1.000
17:2394083:G:TS256Y1.000
17:2394118:C:AK244N1.000
17:2394118:C:GK244N1.000
17:2394122:A:CL243R1.000
17:2394122:A:GL243P1.000
17:2394122:A:TL243Q1.000
17:2394130:A:CF240L1.000
17:2394130:A:TF240L1.000
17:2394131:A:CF240C1.000
17:2394131:A:GF240S1.000
17:2394132:A:CF240V1.000
17:2394132:A:GF240L1.000
17:2394132:A:TF240I1.000
17:2394133:G:CC239W1.000

dbSNP variants (sampled 300 via entrez): RS1000120213 (17:2401705 C>G,T), RS1000171535 (17:2390744 T>G), RS1000213502 (17:2393245 G>A,C), RS1000214954 (17:2383834 A>T), RS1000234548 (17:2389023 G>A), RS1000310696 (17:2384178 C>T), RS1000350059 (17:2389205 C>T), RS1000408412 (17:2388948 C>T), RS1000496770 (17:2392784 C>T), RS1000599309 (17:2392920 C>G), RS1000683026 (17:2388237 G>A), RS1000765055 (17:2401608 C>T), RS1000796163 (17:2401441 G>A), RS1000881694 (17:2401712 A>G,T), RS1000954827 (17:2392700 C>A,G,T)

Disease associations

OMIM: gene MIM:603039 | disease phenotypes:

GenCC curated gene-disease

Mondo (0):

Orphanet (0):

HPO phenotypes

0 total (0 of 0 shown, HPO-id order):

GWAS associations

2 associations (top):

StudyTraitp-value
GCST003130_4Autism spectrum disorder9.000000e-06
GCST90000025_117Appendicular lean mass2.000000e-11

EFO canonical traits (1, from GWAS)

EFO IDTrait name
EFO:0004980appendicular lean mass

Drugs & pharmacology

Drug and pharmacology data

Is drug target: no

PharmGKB: 1 entry (VIP=true, CPIC=false)

CTD chemical–gene interactions

46 total (human), top 30 by PubMed support.

ChemicalActions (top 5)PubMed papers
sodium arseniteaffects expression, increases abundance, increases expression4
Cisplatindecreases expression2
Valproic Acidaffects expression, decreases expression2
Cyclosporineincreases expression2
Cadmium Chloridedecreases expression, increases abundance, increases expression2
GSK-J4increases expression1
dicrotophosincreases expression1
triphenyl phosphateaffects expression1
bisphenol Adecreases methylation1
geraniolincreases expression1
arsenitedecreases methylation1
mono-(2-ethylhexyl)phthalateincreases expression1
butyraldehydedecreases expression1
manganese chlorideincreases abundance, increases expression1
beta-methylcholineaffects expression1
celastrolincreases expression1
di-n-butylphosphoric acidaffects expression1
geduninincreases expression1
PCI 5002affects cotreatment, increases expression1
Sunitinibincreases expression1
Arsenic Trioxidedecreases expression1
Air Pollutantsaffects expression, increases abundance1
Arsenicincreases abundance, increases expression1
Atrazineincreases expression1
Cadmiumdecreases expression, increases abundance1
Doxorubicindecreases expression1
Hydrogen Peroxideaffects expression1
Ivermectindecreases expression1
Manganeseincreases abundance, increases expression1
Methotrexatedecreases expression1

Cellosaurus cell lines

3 cell lines: 3 cancer cell line

First 10 cell lines (id-ordered, not curated):

CellosaurusNameCategorySex
CVCL_SY71HAP1 MNT (-) 1Cancer cell lineMale
CVCL_SY72HAP1 MNT (-) 2Cancer cell lineMale
CVCL_SY73HAP1 MNT (-) 3Cancer cell lineMale

Clinical trials (associated diseases)

0 trials via MONDO — disease-level, not drug-specific.

No linked Atlas pages yet — the cross-entity mesh grows as the corpus expands.