MPZ

gene
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Also known as HMSNIBCMT2ICMT2JP0

Summary

MPZ (myelin protein zero, HGNC:7225) is a protein-coding gene on chromosome 1q23.3, encoding Myelin protein P0 (P25189). Is an adhesion molecule necessary for normal myelination in the peripheral nervous system.

This gene is specifically expressed in Schwann cells of the peripheral nervous system and encodes a type I transmembrane glycoprotein that is a major structural protein of the peripheral myelin sheath. The encoded protein contains a large hydrophobic extracellular domain and a smaller basic intracellular domain, which are essential for the formation and stabilization of the multilamellar structure of the compact myelin. Mutations in this gene are associated with autosomal dominant form of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 1 (CMT1B) and other polyneuropathies, such as Dejerine-Sottas syndrome (DSS) and congenital hypomyelinating neuropathy (CHN). A recent study showed that two isoforms are produced from the same mRNA by use of alternative in-frame translation termination codons via a stop codon readthrough mechanism.

Source: NCBI Gene 4359 — RefSeq curated summary.

At a glance

  • Gene–disease (curated): Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (Definitive, ClinGen) — +7 more curated relationships
  • GWAS associations: 2
  • Clinical variants (ClinVar): 720 total — 106 pathogenic, 57 likely-pathogenic
  • Phenotypes (HPO): 93
  • MANE Select transcript: NM_000530

Identifiers

Gene identifiers

FieldValue
HGNC IDHGNC:7225
Approved symbolMPZ
Namemyelin protein zero
Location1q23.3
Locus typegene with protein product
StatusApproved
AliasesHMSNIB, CMT2I, CMT2J, P0
Ensembl geneENSG00000158887
Ensembl biotypeprotein_coding
OMIM159440
Entrez4359

Gene structure

Transcript identifiers

Ensembl transcripts: 7 — 4 protein_coding, 2 retained_intron, 1 nonsense_mediated_decay

ENST00000463290, ENST00000476410, ENST00000488271, ENST00000526189, ENST00000533357, ENST00000672287, ENST00000672602

RefSeq mRNA: 2 — MANE Select: NM_000530 NM_000530, NM_001315491

CCDS: CCDS1229, CCDS91087

Canonical transcript exons

ENST00000533357 — 6 exons

ExonStartEnd
ENSE00001041809161307258161307424
ENSE00001313871161309839161309968
ENSE00001414908161304735161305977
ENSE00003615032161306329161306464
ENSE00003629276161306108161306168
ENSE00003643873161306708161306921

Expression profiles

Bgee: expression breadth ubiquitous, 178 present calls, max score 99.74.

FANTOM5 (CAGE): breadth ubiquitous, TPM avg 8.8498 / max 2128.2039, expressed in 1219 samples.

FANTOM5 promoters (5 alternative TSS)

Promoter IDTPM avgSamples expressed
156365.5921234
156311.5161678
156351.5068679
156320.190975
156330.043911

Top tissues by expression

285 total, by Bgee expression score (0-100, higher = more expressed):

TissueAnatomy IDExpression scoreQuality
tibial nerveUBERON:000132399.74gold quality
sural nerveUBERON:001548899.51gold quality
olfactory bulbUBERON:000226499.30gold quality
trigeminal ganglionUBERON:000167598.33gold quality
dorsal root ganglionUBERON:000004497.66gold quality
lower esophagus muscularis layerUBERON:003583385.36gold quality
lower esophagusUBERON:001347385.32gold quality
esophagogastric junction muscularis propriaUBERON:003584185.20gold quality
muscle layer of sigmoid colonUBERON:003580584.35gold quality
left coronary arteryUBERON:000162683.28gold quality
right atrium auricular regionUBERON:000663182.19gold quality
male germ line stem cell (sensu Vertebrata) in testisCL:0000089 ∩ UBERON:000047382.06silver quality
coronary arteryUBERON:000162181.96gold quality
cardiac atriumUBERON:000208180.98gold quality
seminal vesicleUBERON:000099880.00gold quality
olfactory segment of nasal mucosaUBERON:000538679.48gold quality
sigmoid colonUBERON:000115979.43gold quality
colonic epitheliumUBERON:000039779.29gold quality
hindlimb stylopod muscleUBERON:000425278.84gold quality
minor salivary glandUBERON:000183078.41gold quality
monocyteCL:000057678.13gold quality
skin of abdomenUBERON:000141678.06gold quality
left ventricle myocardiumUBERON:000656677.65gold quality
esophagusUBERON:000104377.64gold quality
mononuclear cellCL:000084277.63gold quality
leukocyteCL:000073877.30gold quality
transverse colonUBERON:000115776.80gold quality
stromal cell of endometriumCL:000225576.76gold quality
left uterine tubeUBERON:000130376.73gold quality
heartUBERON:000094876.58gold quality

Single-cell (SCXA)

Detected in 7 experiment(s), a significant marker in 6.

ExperimentMarker?Max mean expression
E-MTAB-8221yes1319.56
E-HCAD-56yes487.87
E-MTAB-10485yes405.93
E-HCAD-11yes34.93
E-MTAB-8410yes17.53
E-CURD-46yes13.61
E-ANND-3no1.73

Regulation

Is transcription factor: no

Upstream regulators (CollecTRI, top): CTCF, EGR2, ID1, JUN, MYC, PAX6, POU3F1, SOX10, ZNF699

miRNA regulators (miRDB)

132 targeting MPZ, top 30 by miRDB confidence (max_score; target_count = how many genes the miRNA targets in total — lower means more specific):

miRNAMax scoreAvg scoremiRNA target_count
HSA-MIR-7110-3P100.0073.182486
HSA-MIR-6873-3P100.0071.422626
HSA-MIR-6798-5P100.0065.77699
HSA-MIR-6851-5P100.0065.631294
HSA-MIR-3689D100.0066.141181
HSA-MIR-6870-5P99.9968.552115
HSA-MIR-223-3P99.9970.141140
HSA-LET-7F-2-3P99.9870.982588
HSA-MIR-1185-1-3P99.9871.042593
HSA-MIR-1185-2-3P99.9871.042593
HSA-MIR-7111-5P99.9768.482062
HSA-MIR-4723-5P99.9768.702034
HSA-MIR-569899.9768.492029
HSA-MIR-495-3P99.9672.814197
HSA-MIR-568899.9673.234504
HSA-MIR-3605-5P99.9667.12932
HSA-MIR-452599.9464.38675
HSA-MIR-5010-5P99.9464.11705
HSA-MIR-6772-5P99.9467.01577
HSA-MIR-6721-5P99.9368.922981
HSA-MIR-1-3P99.9372.351914
HSA-MIR-20699.9372.501893
HSA-MIR-6835-3P99.9370.492904
HSA-MIR-498-3P99.9171.271114
HSA-MIR-61399.9171.501710
HSA-MIR-4697-3P99.8967.091123
HSA-MIR-4731-5P99.8967.232537
HSA-MIR-430299.8967.941187
HSA-MIR-548D-3P99.8770.674362
HSA-MIR-548BB-3P99.8670.584354

Literature-anchored findings (GeneRIF, showing 40)

  • SSCP analysis for this gene in Croatian patients (PMID:12211648)
  • We suggest that axonal and demyelinating forms of CMT are not two distinct classes, but rather parts of a spectrum of genotypically related conditions, particularly with some MPZ mutations (PMID:12911457)
  • DNA sequencing analysis shows the Asn131Lys mutation in the myelin protein zero gene in three members of an affected family. (PMID:12940837)
  • A novel mutation, Thr65Ala, in the MPZ gene in a patient with Charcot-Marie-Tooth type 1B disease with focally folded myelin. (PMID:15036333)
  • Four missense mutations and one 4-base pair (bp) deletion, respectively, were identified in five patients, of which one mutation, c.173 T>A, has never been previously reported (PMID:15050444)
  • MPZ gene screening should be performed for wide phenotype spectrum of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease. (PMID:15094849)
  • Chronic cough was associated with a Thr124 Met mutation. MPZ must be critical for maintenance of axonal function in addition to its role in myelin. All MPZ mutations associated with tonic pupils affect the same region of the extracellular domain. (PMID:15159512)
  • A novel Thr124Lys mutation in the MPZ gene is associated with congenital neuropathy with hypomyelination. (PMID:15184631)
  • Within 94 MPZ gene mutations reported up to now, only a few were identified in the exon 4 of the MPZ gene. In this study we have identified a novel Leu190fs mutation in the MPZ gene. (PMID:15261887)
  • A novel mutation, 290 A–>T (Glu97Val), in the myelin protein zero gene (P0) is reported in a family with late-onset Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 2. (PMID:15326256)
  • PMP22 and P0 are involved in both trans-homophilic and trans-heterophilic interactions. Disease-related point mutations of P0 resulted in a decreased adhesion capability correlating with the severity of the respective disease phenotype. (PMID:15555916)
  • 4 patients had a Val102/fs null mutation (306delA at codon 102), age-dependent variability of clinical & electrophysiologic phenotype, segmental conduction abnormalities mainly in ulnar nerves at the elbow, & excessive myelin foldings & thickenings. (PMID:15596778)
  • There was concordance between median MNCV and specific MPZ mutations. (PMID:15729519)
  • P0, the major myelin protein, is also expressed during nephrogenesis and in mature kidney, mostly in podocytes. (PMID:16162811)
  • family in which five members of three consecutive generations had a heterozygous mutation in nucleotide position 143 with a T-C transition in exon 2 of the MPZ gene. The resulting substitution of Leu48 with proline has not been previously described. (PMID:16198109)
  • Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease due to the Thr124Met mutation in the myelin protein zero gene associated with multiple sclerosis. (PMID:16279991)
  • Polymorphic short tandem repeats for PCR-based diagnosis of the Charcot-Marie-Tooth 1A duplication in Ukraine was performed. (PMID:16398147)
  • Peripheral neuropathies caused by mutations in the myelin protein zero. (PMID:16414078)
  • Two patients of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 1B from subsequent generations were homozygous for an Asp195Tyr mutation in the intracellular domain of P0 (P0ic). (PMID:16488608)
  • MPZ gene showed a novel point mutation in the extracellular domain in two families with axonal CMT. (PMID:16543539)
  • Data confirm that a mutation in myelin protein zero can cause axonal neuropathy, in the absence of segmental demyelination, thus uncoupling the two pathological processes. (PMID:16856127)
  • Intronic mutations cause CMT1B by disrupting splicing and certain MPZ mutations may cause neuropathy by interacting with the wild type MPZ in the extracellular space of compact myelin. (PMID:17030746)
  • the cytoplasmic apposition (major dense line) in compact myelin may be stabilized via the hydrogen-bonding of beta-strands formed as a result of local P0-P0 aggregation. (PMID:17142269)
  • a new myelin protein zero gene mutation (c.89T>C,Ile30Thr) was detected in a family with the Dejerine-Sottas disease phenotype (PMID:17143884)
  • A patient with Charcot Marie Tooth Disease, Type Ib had a MPZ mutation with A-C transversion (nucleotide: 116, codon: 10, histidine-to-proline). (PMID:17602703)
  • a novel Pro105Thr mutation in the MPZ gene (PMID:17663472)
  • Congenital hypomyelinating neuropathy is a rare condition characterized by prenatal, neonatal or early infantile onset of hypotonia, paresis and areflexia.Here we describe a family with a heterozygous mutation in MPZ, confirmed in two generations. (PMID:17825553)
  • In all patients, molecular analysis demonstrated a novel heterozygous missense mutation (208C>T) in MPZ exon 2, causing the Pro70Ser substitution in the extracellular domain. The diagnosis of CMT2 associated with MPZ (PMID:17940173)
  • The novel mutation causes a late-onset demyelinating polyneuropathy, putatively resulting from aberrant intracellular trafficking of the mutant P(0) protein, which compromises the adhesiveness of the cells. (PMID:18209201)
  • Results suggest that at least some late-onset MPZ mutations cause a partial loss of function in the transfected cells, whereas multiple abnormal gain of function pathways can result in early-onset neuropathy. (PMID:18337304)
  • Our study provides further evidence that phenotypic features of MPZ mutations can vary within and among different families with CMT Ib (PMID:18422810)
  • A heterozygous nonsense mutation (Tyr145Stop) corresponding to a T-to-A transition at nucleotide position 435 in exon 3 of the MPZ gene was identified in Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 1B patients. (PMID:18663734)
  • Data show that the CMT1Adup, GJB1, MPZ and PMP22 mutation frequencies were in the range of those described in other CMT patient collectives with different ethnical backgrounds. (PMID:19259128)
  • Findings suggest that the clinical features associated with MPZ mutations depend partly on the nature of amino acid change. (PMID:19293842)
  • mutations in MPZ may have a role in Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 1B [case report] (PMID:19475438)
  • The index patient of this family with unusual Charcot-Marie-Tooth phenotype is found to have a missense mutation within the intracellular domain of myelin protein zero. (PMID:19882637)
  • Here we describe an unusual presentation of the Val102fs mutation characterized by symptoms of spinal root hypertrophy with no overt peroneal muscular atrophy. This report adds new data concerning the clinical presentations of MPZ mutations. (PMID:19906531)
  • A genetic test disclosed a heterozygous mutation of myelin protein zero (MPZ); p.Thr124Met. (PMID:19928689)
  • novel mutation in vocal cord paralysis (PMID:19950375)
  • The results of this study concluded that ARG98HIS MPZ mutation may cause hereditary and relatively mild and asymmetric demyelinating sensorimotor polyneuropathy (PMID:20215982)

Cross-species orthologs

3 orthologs

OrganismSymbolGene ID
danio_reriompzENSDARG00000038609
mus_musculusMpzENSMUSG00000056569
rattus_norvegicusMpzENSRNOG00000003171

Paralogs (6): MPZL2 (ENSG00000149573), SCN2B (ENSG00000149575), MPZL3 (ENSG00000160588), JAML (ENSG00000160593), SCN4B (ENSG00000177098), MPZL1 (ENSG00000197965)

Protein

Protein identifiers

Myelin protein P0P25189 (reviewed: P25189)

Alternative names: Myelin peripheral protein, Myelin protein zero

All UniProt accessions (4): P25189, A0A0J9YWT2, A0A5F9ZI26, E9PL80

UniProt curated annotations — full annotation on UniProt →

Function. Is an adhesion molecule necessary for normal myelination in the peripheral nervous system. It mediates adhesion between adjacent myelin wraps and ultimately drives myelin compaction.

Subunit / interactions. Homodimer and homotetramer.

Subcellular location. Cell membrane Myelin membrane.

Tissue specificity. Found only in peripheral nervous system Schwann cells.

Post-translational modifications. N-glycosylated; contains sulfate-substituted glycan.

Disease relevance. Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, demyelinating, type 1B (CMT1B) [MIM:118200] A dominant demyelinating form of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, a disorder of the peripheral nervous system, characterized by progressive weakness and atrophy, initially of the peroneal muscles and later of the distal muscles of the arms. Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease is classified in two main groups on the basis of electrophysiologic properties and histopathology: primary peripheral demyelinating neuropathies (designated CMT1 when they are dominantly inherited) and primary peripheral axonal neuropathies (CMT2). Demyelinating neuropathies are characterized by severely reduced nerve conduction velocities (less than 38 m/sec), segmental demyelination and remyelination with onion bulb formations on nerve biopsy, slowly progressive distal muscle atrophy and weakness, absent deep tendon reflexes, and hollow feet. The disease is caused by variants affecting the gene represented in this entry. Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, axonal, type 2I (CMT2I) [MIM:607677] A dominant axonal form of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, a disorder of the peripheral nervous system, characterized by progressive weakness and atrophy, initially of the peroneal muscles and later of the distal muscles of the arms. Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease is classified in two main groups on the basis of electrophysiologic properties and histopathology: primary peripheral demyelinating neuropathies (designated CMT1 when they are dominantly inherited) and primary peripheral axonal neuropathies (CMT2). Neuropathies of the CMT2 group are characterized by signs of axonal degeneration in the absence of obvious myelin alterations, normal or slightly reduced nerve conduction velocities, and progressive distal muscle weakness and atrophy. The disease is caused by variants affecting the gene represented in this entry. Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, axonal, type 2J (CMT2J) [MIM:607736] A dominant axonal form of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, a disorder of the peripheral nervous system, characterized by progressive weakness and atrophy, initially of the peroneal muscles and later of the distal muscles of the arms. Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease is classified in two main groups on the basis of electrophysiologic properties and histopathology: primary peripheral demyelinating neuropathies (designated CMT1 when they are dominantly inherited) and primary peripheral axonal neuropathies (CMT2). Neuropathies of the CMT2 group are characterized by signs of axonal degeneration in the absence of obvious myelin alterations, normal or slightly reduced nerve conduction velocities, and progressive distal muscle weakness and atrophy. Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 2J is characterized by the association of axonal peripheral neuropathy with hearing loss and pupillary abnormalities such as Adie pupil. The disease is caused by variants affecting the gene represented in this entry. Adie pupil (ADIEP) [MIM:103100] A stationary, benign disorder characterized by tonic, sluggishly reacting pupil and hypoactive or absent tendon reflexes. Adie pupil is a characteristic of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 2J. The disease is caused by variants affecting the gene represented in this entry. Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, dominant intermediate D (CMTDID) [MIM:607791] A form of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, a disorder of the peripheral nervous system, characterized by progressive weakness and atrophy, initially of the peroneal muscles and later of the distal muscles of the arms. The dominant intermediate type D is characterized by clinical and pathologic features intermediate between demyelinating and axonal peripheral neuropathies, and motor median nerve conduction velocities ranging from 25 to 45 m/sec. The disease may be caused by variants affecting the gene represented in this entry. Dejerine-Sottas syndrome (DSS) [MIM:145900] A severe degenerating neuropathy of the demyelinating Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease category, with onset by age 2 years. Characterized by motor and sensory neuropathy with very slow nerve conduction velocities, increased cerebrospinal fluid protein concentrations, hypertrophic nerve changes, delayed age of walking as well as areflexia. There are both autosomal dominant and autosomal recessive forms of Dejerine-Sottas syndrome. The disease is caused by variants affecting the gene represented in this entry. Roussy-Levy syndrome (ROULS) [MIM:180800] Autosomal dominant disorder that resembles Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 1 in that it presents with foot deformity, weakness and atrophy of distal limb muscles, especially the peronei, and absent tendon reflexes. The phenotype differs, however, in that it includes static tremor of the upper limbs and gait ataxia. The disease is caused by variants affecting the gene represented in this entry. Neuropathy, congenital hypomyelinating, 2 (CHN2) [MIM:618184] A form of congenital hypomyelinating neuropathy, a neurologic disorder characterized by early-onset hypotonia, areflexia, distal muscle weakness, and very slow nerve conduction velocities (NCV) resulting from improper myelination of axons. In its extreme form, it may present with severe joint contractures or arthrogryposis multiplex congenita and respiratory insufficiency. In less severe cases patients may achieve walking. Patients lack both active myelin breakdown and well-organized onion bulbs on sural nerve biopsies, have absence of inflammation, and show hypomyelination of most or all fibers. CHN2 inheritance is autosomal dominant. The disease is caused by variants affecting the gene represented in this entry.

Miscellaneous. Based on a naturally occurring readthrough transcript. Highly antigenic.

Similarity. Belongs to the myelin P0 protein family.

Isoforms (2)

UniProt IDNamesCanonical?
P25189-11yes
P25189-2L-MPZ

RefSeq proteins (2): NP_000521, NP_001302420 (=MANE)

Domains & families (InterPro)

IDNameType
IPR000920Myelin_P0-relFamily
IPR003599Ig_subDomain
IPR007110Ig-like_domDomain
IPR013106Ig_V-setDomain
IPR013783Ig-like_foldHomologous_superfamily
IPR019566MYP0_CDomain
IPR019738Myelin_P0_CSConserved_site
IPR036179Ig-like_dom_sfHomologous_superfamily
IPR047014Myelin_P0_Ig-likeDomain

Pfam: PF07686, PF10570

UniProt features (121 total): sequence variant 91, strand 12, modified residue 5, helix 2, topological domain 2, signal peptide 1, chain 1, turn 1, glycosylation site 1, disulfide bond 1, splice variant 1, transmembrane region 1, domain 1, region of interest 1

Structure

Experimental structures (PDB)

2 structures.

PDBMethodResolution (Å)
8IIAX-RAY DIFFRACTION2.09
3OAIX-RAY DIFFRACTION2.1

Predicted structure (AlphaFold)

ModelpLDDTFraction very-high
AF-P25189-F182.380.57

Functional residue map

Curated UniProt residues grouped by drug-discovery relevance — catalytic, ligand-binding, modification, and mutation-validated positions. Source: UniProtKB sequence features.

Post-translational modifications (5): 233, 243, 210, 226, 228

Disulfide bonds (1): 50–127

Glycosylation sites (1): 122

Function

Pathways and Gene Ontology

Reactome pathways

3 pathways

IDPathway
R-HSA-9619665EGR2 and SOX10-mediated initiation of Schwann cell myelination
R-HSA-1266738Developmental Biology
R-HSA-9675108Nervous system development

MSigDB gene sets: 283 (showing top): RNGTGGGC_UNKNOWN, YAGI_AML_WITH_INV_16_TRANSLOCATION, GOBP_CELL_CELL_SIGNALING, GOBP_CELL_CELL_ADHESION, MCBRYAN_PUBERTAL_BREAST_4_5WK_DN, GOBP_ENSHEATHMENT_OF_NEURONS, GOBP_CELL_AGGREGATION, MODULE_157, GOBP_SYNAPTIC_SIGNALING, LE_EGR2_TARGETS_DN, CTCAAGA_MIR526B, CAGCCTC_MIR4855P, KEGG_CELL_ADHESION_MOLECULES_CAMS, MODULE_104, GOCC_MYELIN_SHEATH

GO Biological Process (4): chemical synaptic transmission (GO:0007268), myelination (GO:0042552), obsolete cell-cell adhesion via plasma-membrane adhesion molecules (GO:0098742), cell aggregation (GO:0098743)

GO Molecular Function (1): structural molecule activity (GO:0005198)

GO Cellular Component (4): plasma membrane (GO:0005886), myelin sheath (GO:0043209), synapse (GO:0045202), membrane (GO:0016020)

Reactome top-level categories

Rollup of top-2 pathways:

CategoryPathways
Nervous system development1
Developmental Biology1

GO top-level categories

Rollup of top GO terms by namespace:

CategoryTerms
cellular anatomical structure2
anterograde trans-synaptic signaling1
axon ensheathment1
cellular process1
molecular_function1
membrane1
cell periphery1
cell junction1

Protein interactions and networks

STRING

0 interactions, top by confidence (×1000):

IntAct

15 interactions, top by confidence:

ABTypeScore
FCGR2AMPZpsi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)0.400
MPZIL6Rpsi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)0.400
IL6RMPZpsi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)0.400
MPZISLR2psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)0.400
KIR2DL5AMPZpsi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)0.400
LILRA5MPZpsi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)0.400
LILRA6MPZpsi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)0.400
LILRB3MPZpsi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)0.400
LILRB5MPZpsi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)0.400
SIGLEC6MPZpsi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)0.400
CCP110MPZpsi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)0.370
PSMB3MPZpsi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)0.370
MRPS23MYH7Bpsi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.350
MPZPINX1psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)0.000

BioGRID (10): MPZ (Proximity Label-MS), MPZ (Synthetic Lethality), MPZ (Affinity Capture-Western), MPZ (Affinity Capture-MS), PMP22 (Affinity Capture-Western), MPZ (Affinity Capture-MS), MPZ (Proximity Label-MS), MPZ (Cross-Linking-MS (XL-MS)), MPZ (Affinity Capture-MS), PSMB3 (Two-hybrid)

ESM2 similar proteins: A0JM41, A2VD98, A6QQC6, A8MVW5, B0CLX4, B6ZK76, B6ZK77, O60487, O70255, O88324, O88775, O95976, P01832, P03228, P06907, P08920, P08921, P09619, P0C6B7, P0C6N0, P0CW72, P10522, P20938, P21995, P25189, P27573, P37301, P37998, P59823, P59824, P86176, Q01151, Q4VAH7, Q5EAB0, Q5R804, Q640U3, Q6PCB8, Q6WEB5, Q80UL9, Q86XK7

Diamond homologs: A0JM41, A2VD98, A5D7C3, O60487, O60939, O70255, O95297, P06907, P10522, P20938, P25189, P27573, P37301, P54900, Q29RR6, Q32PI9, Q3TEW6, Q3V3F6, Q4KLY3, Q5EAB0, Q5R804, Q6AYT8, Q6UWV2, Q6WEB5, Q7M729, Q7M730, Q86XK7, Q8AVM3, Q8IWT1, Q9D2J4, Q9PWR4, Q08E08, P78310, P97792, Q56A07, Q5R764, Q864L3, Q86YT9, Q8WMV3, Q91664

SIGNOR signaling

1 interactions.

AEffectBMechanism
PMP22“up-regulates activity”MPZbinding

Enriched among interaction partners

Reactome pathways and GO biological processes over-represented among this gene’s 14 IntAct physical interaction partners (hypergeometric vs the genome-wide background, BH-FDR, gene-set size 15–500, ranked by fold). A functional readout of the neighbourhood — distinct from this gene’s own memberships above, and biased toward well-studied / hub proteins, so read it as themes rather than proof.

Reactome pathways:

PathwayPartnersFoldFDR
Immunoregulatory interactions between a Lymphoid and a non-Lymphoid cell543.6×4e-06
Adaptive Immune System514.9×4e-04

GO biological processes:

GO termPartnersFoldFDR
immune response-regulating signaling pathway5162.7×5e-09
cytokine-mediated signaling pathway546.7×2e-06

Disease & clinical

Clinical variants and AI predictions

ClinVar

720 variants total. Per-class counts are floors (≥ shown; pagination cap):

ClassificationCount (floor)
Pathogenic106
Likely pathogenic57
Uncertain significance328
Likely benign101
Benign12

Top pathogenic / likely-pathogenic (30)

Variant IDHGVSClassification
1045186NM_000530.8(MPZ):c.437T>C (p.Val146Ala)Pathogenic
1070661NM_000530.8(MPZ):c.345del (p.His115fs)Pathogenic
1070662NM_000530.8(MPZ):c.171G>A (p.Trp57Ter)Pathogenic
1076512NM_000530.8(MPZ):c.638_639del (p.Gly213fs)Pathogenic
1275760NM_000530.8(MPZ):c.112del (p.Val38fs)Pathogenic
14166NM_000530.8(MPZ):c.286A>G (p.Lys96Glu)Pathogenic
14167NM_000530.8(MPZ):c.270C>A (p.Asp90Glu)Pathogenic
14169NM_000530.8(MPZ):c.188C>G (p.Ser63Cys)Pathogenic
14170NM_000530.8(MPZ):c.499G>C (p.Gly167Arg)Pathogenic
14171NM_000530.8(MPZ):c.646-7_647delinsGCAGGAGAGPathogenic
14175NM_000530.8(MPZ):c.292C>T (p.Arg98Cys)Pathogenic
14178NM_000530.8(MPZ):c.643C>T (p.Gln215Ter)Pathogenic
14179NM_000530.8(MPZ):c.242A>G (p.His81Arg)Pathogenic
14181NM_000530.8(MPZ):c.371C>T (p.Thr124Met)Pathogenic
14184NM_000530.8(MPZ):c.224A>T (p.Asp75Val)Pathogenic
14185NM_000530.8(MPZ):c.131C>T (p.Ser44Phe)Pathogenic
14186NM_000530.8(MPZ):c.393C>A (p.Asn131Lys)Pathogenic
14189NM_000530.8(MPZ):c.184A>T (p.Ile62Phe)Pathogenic
14191NM_000530.8(MPZ):c.434A>C (p.Tyr145Ser)Pathogenic
1419179NM_000530.8(MPZ):c.323del (p.Lys108fs)Pathogenic
14196NM_000530.8(MPZ):c.371C>A (p.Thr124Lys)Pathogenic
14200NM_000530.8(MPZ):c.276G>A (p.Val92=)Pathogenic
1423751NM_000530.8(MPZ):c.424del (p.Val142fs)Pathogenic
1449858NM_000530.8(MPZ):c.571C>T (p.Gln191Ter)Pathogenic
1685953NM_000530.8(MPZ):c.401A>T (p.Asp134Val)Pathogenic
1780739NM_000530.8(MPZ):c.181dup (p.Asp61fs)Pathogenic
1798896NM_000530.8(MPZ):c.301dup (p.Trp101fs)Pathogenic
2016722NM_000530.8(MPZ):c.601A>T (p.Lys201Ter)Pathogenic
2027108NM_000530.8(MPZ):c.496del (p.Leu166fs)Pathogenic
208146NM_000530.8(MPZ):c.181G>A (p.Asp61Asn)Pathogenic

SpliceAI

814 predictions. Top by Δscore:

VariantEffectΔscore
1:161306169:C:CCacceptor_gain1.0000
1:161306323:CCTTA:Cdonor_loss1.0000
1:161306324:CTTA:Cdonor_loss1.0000
1:161306325:TTA:Tdonor_loss1.0000
1:161306326:TA:Tdonor_loss1.0000
1:161306327:A:AGdonor_loss1.0000
1:161306328:C:Gdonor_loss1.0000
1:161306460:TGGCA:Tacceptor_gain1.0000
1:161306461:GGCA:Gacceptor_gain1.0000
1:161306462:GCA:Gacceptor_gain1.0000
1:161306463:CA:Cacceptor_gain1.0000
1:161306463:CAC:Cacceptor_gain1.0000
1:161306465:C:CCacceptor_gain1.0000
1:161306474:G:Cacceptor_gain1.0000
1:161306474:G:GCacceptor_gain1.0000
1:161306723:A:ACdonor_gain1.0000
1:161306724:C:CCdonor_gain1.0000
1:161306724:CAG:Cdonor_gain1.0000
1:161307252:ACTC:Adonor_loss1.0000
1:161307253:CTCA:Cdonor_loss1.0000
1:161307254:TCACC:Tdonor_loss1.0000
1:161307255:CACC:Cdonor_loss1.0000
1:161307256:A:ACdonor_gain1.0000
1:161307256:ACCG:Adonor_loss1.0000
1:161307257:C:CCdonor_gain1.0000
1:161307257:CCGAA:Cdonor_gain1.0000
1:161307420:CAGCA:Cacceptor_gain1.0000
1:161307421:AGCA:Aacceptor_gain1.0000
1:161307422:GCA:Gacceptor_gain1.0000
1:161307423:CA:Cacceptor_gain1.0000

AlphaMissense

1598 scored. Top likely-pathogenic:

VariantProtein changeam_pathogenicity
1:161306763:G:CN131K1.000
1:161306763:G:TN131K1.000
1:161306775:A:CC127W1.000
1:161306776:C:GC127S1.000
1:161306776:C:TC127Y1.000
1:161306777:A:GC127R1.000
1:161306777:A:TC127S1.000
1:161306782:A:GF125S1.000
1:161306788:C:AG123V1.000
1:161306789:C:AG123C1.000
1:161306872:A:CF95C1.000
1:161307294:C:AW66C1.000
1:161307294:C:GW66C1.000
1:161307296:A:GW66R1.000
1:161307296:A:TW66R1.000
1:161307342:G:CC50W1.000
1:161307343:C:GC50S1.000
1:161307343:C:TC50Y1.000
1:161307344:A:GC50R1.000
1:161307344:A:TC50S1.000
1:161306719:A:TV146D0.999
1:161306725:A:GL144P0.999
1:161306766:T:AK130N0.999
1:161306766:T:GK130N0.999
1:161306770:A:TV129D0.999
1:161306776:C:AC127F0.999
1:161306781:G:CF125L0.999
1:161306781:G:TF125L0.999
1:161306782:A:CF125C0.999
1:161306783:A:GF125L0.999

dbSNP variants (sampled 300 via entrez): RS1000106583 (1:161309655 G>A), RS1000140979 (1:161308175 TAA>T), RS1001362325 (1:161303869 TA>T), RS1001647502 (1:161307559 C>G), RS1001783355 (1:161307922 A>G), RS1001973324 (1:161305695 A>C), RS1002263020 (1:161310111 G>T), RS1002476570 (1:161310402 CCT>C), RS1002599338 (1:161311571 G>A), RS1003036138 (1:161305750 C>G), RS1003040279 (1:161311412 G>C,T), RS1003532722 (1:161311353 T>C), RS1004304706 (1:161310137 G>A,C,T), RS1004678199 (1:161310447 T>C), RS1005267082 (1:161303102 C>A,T)

Disease associations

OMIM: gene MIM:159440 | disease phenotypes: MIM:118220, MIM:607791, MIM:118200, MIM:607677, MIM:180800, MIM:618184, MIM:145900, MIM:605253, MIM:607736, MIM:606482

GenCC curated gene-disease

DiseaseClassificationInheritance
Charcot-Marie-Tooth diseaseDefinitiveAutosomal dominant
Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 1BDefinitiveAutosomal dominant
neuropathy, congenital hypomyelinating, 2DefinitiveAutosomal dominant
Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease dominant intermediate DSupportiveAutosomal dominant
autosomal dominant intermediate Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease with neuropathic painSupportiveAutosomal dominant
Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 3SupportiveAutosomal dominant
Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 2ISupportiveAutosomal dominant
Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 2JSupportiveAutosomal dominant

ClinGen Gene-Disease Validity (1)

Expert-panel classifications — Definitive > Strong > Moderate > Limited > Disputed > Refuted.

DiseaseClassificationInheritance
Charcot-Marie-Tooth diseaseDefinitiveAD

Mondo (19): Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (MONDO:0015626), Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 1 (MONDO:0019011), Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease dominant intermediate D (MONDO:0011909), Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 1B (MONDO:0007307), peripheral neuropathy (MONDO:0005244), Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 2I (MONDO:0011889), Roussy-Levy syndrome (MONDO:0008392), neuropathy, congenital hypomyelinating, 2 (MONDO:0020765), motor neuron disorder (MONDO:0020128), Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 3 (MONDO:0007790), Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 4E (MONDO:0011527), Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 2J (MONDO:0011903), sensory peripheral neuropathy (MONDO:0002321), distal hereditary motor neuropathy type 2 (MONDO:0015352), neuropathy, congenital hypomelinating (MONDO:0033352)

Orphanet (15): Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease/Hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy (Orphanet:166), Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 1 (Orphanet:65753), Autosomal dominant intermediate Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type D (Orphanet:100046), Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 1B (Orphanet:101082), Autosomal dominant Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 2I (Orphanet:99942), Roussy-Lévy syndrome (Orphanet:3115), Motor neuron disease (Orphanet:98503), Dejerine-Sottas syndrome (Orphanet:64748), Autosomal dominant Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 2J (Orphanet:99943), Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 4E (Orphanet:99951), Distal hereditary motor neuropathy type 2 (Orphanet:139525), Autosomal dominant intermediate Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type B (Orphanet:100044), Autosomal dominant Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 2M (Orphanet:228179), Genetic motor neuron disease (Orphanet:98505), NON RARE IN EUROPE: Unexplained intellectual disability (Orphanet:319658)

HPO phenotypes

93 total (30 of 93 shown, HPO-id order):

HPOTerm
HP:0000006Autosomal dominant inheritance
HP:0000007Autosomal recessive inheritance
HP:0000365Hearing impairment
HP:0000407Sensorineural hearing impairment
HP:0000408Progressive sensorineural hearing impairment
HP:0000615Abnormal pupil morphology
HP:0000639Nystagmus
HP:0000762Decreased nerve conduction velocity
HP:0001171Split hand
HP:0001178Ulnar claw
HP:0001252Hypotonia
HP:0001265Hyporeflexia
HP:0001270Motor delay
HP:0001284Areflexia
HP:0001288Gait disturbance
HP:0001308Tongue fasciculations
HP:0001324Muscle weakness
HP:0001349Facial diplegia
HP:0001558Decreased fetal movement
HP:0001761Pes cavus
HP:0001762Talipes equinovarus
HP:0001763Pes planus
HP:0001765Hammertoe
HP:0002015Dysphagia
HP:0002066Gait ataxia
HP:0002070Limb ataxia
HP:0002136Broad-based gait
HP:0002174Postural tremor
HP:0002312Clumsiness
HP:0002317Unsteady gait

GWAS associations

2 associations (top):

StudyTraitp-value
GCST001523_16Visceral adipose tissue adjusted for BMI8.000000e-06
GCST008156_22Hip circumference adjusted for BMI4.000000e-07

EFO canonical traits (2, from GWAS)

EFO IDTrait name
EFO:0004340body mass index
EFO:0008039BMI-adjusted hip circumference

MeSH disease descriptors (7)

DescriptorNameTree numbers
D002607Charcot-Marie-Tooth DiseaseC10.500.300.200; C10.574.500.495.200; C10.668.829.800.300.200; C16.131.666.300.200; C16.320.400.375.200
D008607Intellectual DisabilityC10.597.606.360; C23.888.592.604.646; F01.700.687; F03.625.539
D016472Motor Neuron DiseaseC10.574.562; C10.668.467
C564333Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease, Dominant Intermediate D (supp.)
C535417Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, Type 2J (supp.)
C535301Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, Type 4E (supp.)
C580044Distal Hereditary Motor Neuropathy, Type II (supp.)

Drugs & pharmacology

Drug and pharmacology data

Is drug target: no

PharmGKB: 1 entry (VIP=true, CPIC=false)

PharmGKB variants

1 variants.

VariantGenesLevelScore#Clin annotsDrugs
rs12065184MPZ0.000

CTD chemical–gene interactions

26 total (human), top 26 by PubMed support.

ChemicalActions (top 5)PubMed papers
Valproic Acidaffects cotreatment, increases expression, affects expression4
trichostatin Aaffects cotreatment, increases expression3
Resveratrolaffects cotreatment, increases expression, decreases expression2
Panobinostataffects cotreatment, increases expression2
Nickeldecreases expression2
dicrotophosincreases expression1
triphenyl phosphateaffects expression1
beta-lapachoneincreases expression1
sodium arseniteincreases expression1
perfluorooctanoic acidincreases expression1
ferrous chlorideincreases expression1
S-(1,2-dichlorovinyl)cysteineaffects response to substance, increases expression1
4-(5-benzo(1,3)dioxol-5-yl-4-pyridin-2-yl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)benzamideaffects cotreatment, increases expression1
dorsomorphinaffects cotreatment, increases expression1
Arsenic Trioxideincreases expression1
Vorinostataffects cotreatment, increases expression1
Acetaminophendecreases expression1
Carbamazepineaffects expression1
Cisplatinincreases expression1
Copperaffects cotreatment, increases expression1
Doxorubicindecreases expression1
Lipopolysaccharidesaffects response to substance, increases expression1
N-Nitrosopyrrolidineincreases expression1
Plant Extractsaffects cotreatment, decreases expression1
Quercetinincreases expression1
Thiramincreases expression1

Cellosaurus cell lines

12 cell lines: 8 induced pluripotent stem cell, 3 transformed cell line, 1 finite cell line

First 10 cell lines (id-ordered, not curated):

CellosaurusNameCategorySex
CVCL_1K24GM05148Finite cell lineMale
CVCL_1K25GM05149Transformed cell lineMale
CVCL_B0IGGM28252Induced pluripotent stem cellMale
CVCL_JW96NYSCF-AG0003-01-MRInduced pluripotent stem cellFemale
CVCL_JW98NYSCF-AG0007-01-MRInduced pluripotent stem cellMale
CVCL_JX00NYSCF-AG0009-02-MRInduced pluripotent stem cellMale
CVCL_JX10NYSCF-AG0019-01-MRInduced pluripotent stem cellMale
CVCL_M916GM23721Transformed cell lineFemale
CVCL_QX72KUCFRi002-AInduced pluripotent stem cellFemale
CVCL_RZ99NYSCF-AG0001-01-MRInduced pluripotent stem cellMale

Clinical trials (associated diseases)

299 trials via MONDO — disease-level, not drug-specific.

TrialPhaseStatusTitle
NCT00380965PHASE4COMPLETEDEvaluation of the Efficacy of Cesamet™ for the Treatment of Pain in Patients With Chemotherapy-Induced Neuropathy
NCT00487981PHASE4TERMINATEDSpinal Cord Stimulation for Painful Diabetic Neuropathy
NCT00904202PHASE4COMPLETEDA Study Of Lidocaine Patch 5% Alone, Gabapentin Alone, And Lidocaine Patch 5% And Gabapentin In Combination For The Relief Of Pain In Patients With Diverse Peripheral Neuropathic Pain Conditions
NCT01192113PHASE4COMPLETEDSafety and Efficacy of Mecobalamin Injection in Peripheral Neuropathies Patients (Study JGAZSY091109)
NCT01373983PHASE4COMPLETEDIntrathecal Bolus Doses of Ziconotide
NCT01458015PHASE4TERMINATEDTapentadol Versus Oxycodone - a Mechanism-based Treatment Approach in Neuropathic Pain
NCT02074267PHASE4COMPLETEDClinical Study for Assessment of the Efficacy of Gabapentin (Carbatin and Neurontin) in Patients With Neuropathy Pain
NCT02372149PHASE4UNKNOWNIVIg for Demyelination in Diabetes Mellitus
NCT02670161PHASE4ENROLLING_BY_INVITATIONQuality Improvement and Practice Based Research in Neurology Using the EMR
NCT07022938PHASE4COMPLETEDNutritional Supplement for Treating Chemotherapy Induced Neuropathy
NCT07025005PHASE4RECRUITINGFenofibrate Role in the Prophylaxis From Peripheral Neuropathy Induced by Bortezomib, Lenalidomide and Dexamethasone (VRd) Protocol in the Treatment of Patients With Multiple Myeloma (MM)
NCT04762758PHASE3UNKNOWNPhase III Trial Assessing the Efficacy and Safety of PXT3003 in CMT1A Patients
NCT00058071PHASE3COMPLETEDAmifostine in Treating Peripheral Neuropathy in Patients Who Have Received Chemotherapy for Cancer
NCT00125268PHASE3TERMINATEDNear Infrared Light for the Treatment of Painful Peripheral Neuropathy
NCT00195013PHASE3COMPLETEDRandomized Placebo-Controlled Trial of Glutamine for Breast Cancer Patients With Peripheral Neuropathy
NCT00232141PHASE3COMPLETEDStudy of Pregabalin Versus Placebo in the Treatment of Nerve Pain Associated With HIV Neuropathy
NCT00264875PHASE3COMPLETEDOpen Label Safety And Efficacy Study Of Pregabalin In Subjects With Nerve Pain Asociated With Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Neuropathy
NCT00369564PHASE3COMPLETEDGlutamic Acid in Reducing Nerve Damage Caused by Vincristine in Young Patients With Cancer
NCT00471445PHASE3COMPLETEDTopical Amitriptyline and Ketamine Cream in Treating Peripheral Neuropathy Caused by Chemotherapy in Cancer Patients
NCT00489411PHASE3COMPLETEDDuloxetine in Treating Peripheral Neuropathy Caused by Chemotherapy in Patients With Cancer
NCT00710554PHASE3COMPLETEDA Study of Sativex® for Pain Relief of Peripheral Neuropathic Pain, Associated With Allodynia
NCT00711880PHASE3COMPLETEDA Study of Sativex® for Relief of Peripheral Neuropathic Pain Associated With Allodynia.
NCT00713323PHASE3COMPLETEDA Study to Compare the Safety and Tolerability of Sativex® in Patients With Neuropathic Pain.
NCT00713817PHASE3COMPLETEDA Study to Determine the Maintenance of Effect After Long-term Treatment of Sativex® in Subjects With Neuropathic Pain
NCT00775645PHASE3COMPLETEDS0715: Acetyl-L-Carnitine in Preventing Neuropathy in Women With Stage I, II, or IIIA Breast Cancer Undergoing Chemo
NCT00872352PHASE3UNKNOWNEvaluation of Bortezomib Induced Peripheral Neuropathy of Multiple Myeloma (MM) Patients
NCT00998738PHASE3TERMINATEDCalcium and Magnesium in Preventing Peripheral Neuropathy Caused by Ixabepilone in Patients With Breast Cancer
NCT01049217PHASE3TERMINATEDPregabalin Versus Placebo In The Treatment Of Neuropathic Pain Associated With HIV Neuropathy
NCT01099449PHASE3COMPLETEDCalcium Gluconate and Magnesium Sulfate in Preventing Neurotoxicity in Patients With Colon Cancer or Rectal Cancer Receiving Oxaliplatin-Based Combination Chemotherapy
NCT01288937PHASE3TERMINATEDA Placebo Controlled, Randomized, Double Blind Trial of Milnacipran for the Treatment of Idiopathic Neuropathy Pain
NCT01492920PHASE3WITHDRAWNAcetyl-L-Carnitine Hydrochloride in Preventing Peripheral Neuropathy in Patients With Recurrent Ovarian Epithelial Cancer, Primary Peritoneal Cavity Cancer, or Fallopian Tube Cancer Undergoing Chemotherapy
NCT01775449PHASE3COMPLETEDPrevention of Oxaliplatin-induced Neuropathic Pain by a Specific Diet
NCT02024191PHASE3UNKNOWNThe Role of Glutamine for Preventing Oxaliplatin-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy
NCT02217267PHASE3COMPLETEDLong Term Outcome After Serial Lidocaine Infusion in Peripheral Neuropathic Pain
NCT02294149PHASE3UNKNOWNVit D3 and Omega 3 in Chemo Induced Neuropathy
NCT02311907PHASE3COMPLETEDGlutathione in Preventing Peripheral Neuropathy Caused by Paclitaxel and Carboplatin in Patients With Ovarian Cancer, Fallopian Tube Cancer, and/or Primary Peritoneal Cancer
NCT06071936PHASE3UNKNOWNEfficacy and Tolerability of AP707 in Patients With Chronic Pain Due to Traumatic or Post-operative Peripheral Neuropathy
NCT06071975PHASE3UNKNOWNLong Term Efficacy and Tolerability of AP707 in Patients With Chronic Pain Due to Diabetic Polyneuropathy
NCT06071988PHASE3UNKNOWNLong Term Efficacy and Tolerability of AP707 in Patients With Chronic Pain Due to Traumatic or Post-operative Peripheral Neuropathy
NCT06072573PHASE3UNKNOWNEfficacy and Tolerability of AP707 in Patients With Chronic Pain Due to Diabetic Polyneuropathy