MRPL22

gene
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Also known as MRP-L25RPML25HSPC158uL22m

Summary

MRPL22 (mitochondrial ribosomal protein L22, HGNC:14480) is a protein-coding gene on chromosome 5q33.2, encoding Large ribosomal subunit protein uL22m (Q9NWU5). It is a selective cancer dependency (DepMap: 26.5% of cell lines).

Mammalian mitochondrial ribosomal proteins are encoded by nuclear genes and help in protein synthesis within the mitochondrion. Mitochondrial ribosomes (mitoribosomes) consist of a small 28S subunit and a large 39S subunit. They have an estimated 75% protein to rRNA composition compared to prokaryotic ribosomes, where this ratio is reversed. Another difference between mammalian mitoribosomes and prokaryotic ribosomes is that the latter contain a 5S rRNA. Among different species, the proteins comprising the mitoribosome differ greatly in sequence, and sometimes in biochemical properties, which prevents easy recognition by sequence homology. This gene encodes a 39S subunit protein that belongs to the L22 ribosomal protein family. A pseudogene corresponding to this gene is found on chromosome 4q. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene.

Source: NCBI Gene 29093 — RefSeq curated summary.

At a glance

  • GWAS associations: 5
  • Clinical variants (ClinVar): 38 total
  • Cancer dependency (DepMap): dependent in 26.5% of screened cell lines
  • MANE Select transcript: NM_014180

Identifiers

Gene identifiers

FieldValue
HGNC IDHGNC:14480
Approved symbolMRPL22
Namemitochondrial ribosomal protein L22
Location5q33.2
Locus typegene with protein product
StatusApproved
AliasesMRP-L25, RPML25, HSPC158, uL22m
Ensembl geneENSG00000082515
Ensembl biotypeprotein_coding
OMIM611835
Entrez29093

Gene structure

Transcript identifiers

Ensembl transcripts: 8 — 5 protein_coding, 1 protein_coding_CDS_not_defined, 1 nonsense_mediated_decay, 1 retained_intron

ENST00000265229, ENST00000439747, ENST00000518364, ENST00000519059, ENST00000520040, ENST00000522038, ENST00000523037, ENST00000906691

RefSeq mRNA: 2 — MANE Select: NM_014180 NM_001014990, NM_014180

CCDS: CCDS4331, CCDS43391

Canonical transcript exons

ENST00000523037 — 7 exons

ExonStartEnd
ENSE00001381368154966686154969411
ENSE00001892134154941073154941138
ENSE00002287179154950821154950938
ENSE00003490468154956371154956436
ENSE00003531059154959980154960049
ENSE00003534814154957135154957212
ENSE00003673273154941217154941265

Expression profiles

Bgee: expression breadth ubiquitous, 288 present calls, max score 94.58.

FANTOM5 (CAGE): breadth ubiquitous, TPM avg 26.5351 / max 332.3969, expressed in 1810 samples.

FANTOM5 promoters (1 alternative TSS)

Promoter IDTPM avgSamples expressed
5975826.53511810

Top tissues by expression

291 total, by Bgee expression score (0-100, higher = more expressed):

TissueAnatomy IDExpression scoreQuality
mucosa of transverse colonUBERON:000499194.58gold quality
heart left ventricleUBERON:000208494.45gold quality
cardiac ventricleUBERON:000208294.30gold quality
right atrium auricular regionUBERON:000663194.22gold quality
olfactory segment of nasal mucosaUBERON:000538694.16gold quality
islet of LangerhansUBERON:000000694.08gold quality
heart right ventricleUBERON:000208093.71gold quality
right adrenal glandUBERON:000123393.69gold quality
left testisUBERON:000453393.58gold quality
heartUBERON:000094893.53gold quality
apex of heartUBERON:000209893.34gold quality
cardiac atriumUBERON:000208193.30gold quality
left adrenal glandUBERON:000123493.26gold quality
testisUBERON:000047393.23gold quality
left adrenal gland cortexUBERON:003582593.17gold quality
right testisUBERON:000453493.14gold quality
right adrenal gland cortexUBERON:003582793.14gold quality
body of pancreasUBERON:000115093.05gold quality
hindlimb stylopod muscleUBERON:000425292.77gold quality
male germ line stem cell (sensu Vertebrata) in testisCL:0000089 ∩ UBERON:000047392.64gold quality
adrenal glandUBERON:000236992.45gold quality
colonic epitheliumUBERON:000039792.44gold quality
right lobe of liverUBERON:000111492.43gold quality
lower esophagusUBERON:001347392.33gold quality
lower esophagus muscularis layerUBERON:003583392.33gold quality
pancreasUBERON:000126492.30gold quality
adenohypophysisUBERON:000219692.30gold quality
adrenal cortexUBERON:000123592.29gold quality
rectumUBERON:000105292.25gold quality
muscle layer of sigmoid colonUBERON:003580592.18gold quality

Single-cell (SCXA)

Detected in 1 experiment(s), a significant marker in 1.

ExperimentMarker?Max mean expression
E-ANND-3yes10.61

Regulation

Is transcription factor: no

miRNA regulators (miRDB)

89 targeting MRPL22, top 30 by miRDB confidence (max_score; target_count = how many genes the miRNA targets in total — lower means more specific):

miRNAMax scoreAvg scoremiRNA target_count
HSA-MIR-340-5P100.0072.504437
HSA-MIR-4747-5P100.0067.902681
HSA-MIR-5196-5P100.0067.982761
HSA-MIR-318599.9968.121959
HSA-MIR-4789-5P99.9870.762721
HSA-MIR-60799.9773.625593
HSA-MIR-548AT-5P99.9670.832666
HSA-MIR-548AA99.9670.643753
HSA-MIR-548AP-3P99.9670.643753
HSA-MIR-548T-3P99.9670.643753
HSA-MIR-651-3P99.9473.485177
HSA-MIR-141-3P99.9472.792421
HSA-MIR-200A-3P99.9472.682420
HSA-MIR-335-3P99.9373.364958
HSA-MIR-4760-3P99.9370.502385
HSA-MIR-539-5P99.9370.302855
HSA-MIR-6835-3P99.9370.492904
HSA-MIR-4778-3P99.9370.401818
HSA-MIR-548E-5P99.8972.734486
HSA-MIR-345-3P99.8970.231421
HSA-MIR-95-5P99.8972.173973
HSA-MIR-30A-3P99.8769.742928
HSA-MIR-30D-3P99.8769.922917
HSA-MIR-30E-3P99.8769.682942
HSA-MIR-520F-3P99.8271.321216
HSA-MIR-449599.8272.083080
HSA-MIR-6739-5P99.8067.872806
HSA-MIR-204-5P99.7971.622439
HSA-MIR-211-5P99.7971.652440
HSA-MIR-548AJ-5P99.7871.123085

Functional genomics

DepMap (CRISPR cell-line fitness): dependent in 26.5% of screened cell lines.

Cross-species orthologs

5 orthologs

OrganismSymbolGene ID
danio_reriomrpl22ENSDARG00000109961
mus_musculusMrpl22ENSMUSG00000020514
rattus_norvegicusMrpl22ENSRNOG00000027039
drosophila_melanogastermRpL22FBGN0030786
caenorhabditis_elegansWBGENE00012645

Protein

Protein identifiers

Large ribosomal subunit protein uL22mQ9NWU5 (reviewed: Q9NWU5)

Alternative names: 39S ribosomal protein L22, mitochondrial, 39S ribosomal protein L25, mitochondrial

All UniProt accessions (4): Q9NWU5, E7ESL0, H0YBZ7, J3KQY1

UniProt curated annotations — full annotation on UniProt →

Subunit / interactions. Component of the mitochondrial large ribosomal subunit (mt-LSU). Mature mammalian 55S mitochondrial ribosomes consist of a small (28S) and a large (39S) subunit. The 28S small subunit contains a 12S ribosomal RNA (12S mt-rRNA) and 30 different proteins. The 39S large subunit contains a 16S rRNA (16S mt-rRNA), a copy of mitochondrial valine transfer RNA (mt-tRNA(Val)), which plays an integral structural role, and 52 different proteins.

Subcellular location. Mitochondrion.

Similarity. Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uL22 family.

Isoforms (3)

UniProt IDNamesCanonical?
Q9NWU5-11yes
Q9NWU5-22
Q9NWU5-33

RefSeq proteins (2): NP_001014990, NP_054899* (*=MANE)

Domains & families (InterPro)

IDNameType
IPR001063Ribosomal_uL22Family
IPR036394Ribosomal_uL22_sfHomologous_superfamily
IPR047867Ribosomal_uL22_bact_orgFamily

Pfam: PF00237

UniProt features (19 total): strand 8, helix 6, splice variant 2, transit peptide 1, chain 1, sequence variant 1

Structure

Experimental structures (PDB)

73 structures, top 30 by resolution.

PDBMethodResolution (Å)
7OF0ELECTRON MICROSCOPY2.2
7QI4ELECTRON MICROSCOPY2.21
8RRIELECTRON MICROSCOPY2.4
8QU5ELECTRON MICROSCOPY2.42
9OLFELECTRON MICROSCOPY2.46
7OF7ELECTRON MICROSCOPY2.5
7PO4ELECTRON MICROSCOPY2.56
6ZM6ELECTRON MICROSCOPY2.59
7OF6ELECTRON MICROSCOPY2.6
9CN3ELECTRON MICROSCOPY2.62
7QI5ELECTRON MICROSCOPY2.63
7OF2ELECTRON MICROSCOPY2.7
7OF3ELECTRON MICROSCOPY2.7
7OF4ELECTRON MICROSCOPY2.7
8QU1ELECTRON MICROSCOPY2.74
9PR4ELECTRON MICROSCOPY2.77
9PRAELECTRON MICROSCOPY2.83
8ANYELECTRON MICROSCOPY2.85
6ZM5ELECTRON MICROSCOPY2.89
7QH7ELECTRON MICROSCOPY2.89
7ODRELECTRON MICROSCOPY2.9
7OF5ELECTRON MICROSCOPY2.9
8K2AELECTRON MICROSCOPY2.9
8OITELECTRON MICROSCOPY2.9
9PGLELECTRON MICROSCOPY2.9
9PGFELECTRON MICROSCOPY2.93
7QI6ELECTRON MICROSCOPY2.98
9PSMELECTRON MICROSCOPY2.98
8QSJELECTRON MICROSCOPY3
9UWHELECTRON MICROSCOPY3

Predicted structure (AlphaFold)

ModelpLDDTFraction very-high
AF-Q9NWU5-F186.070.75

Function

Pathways and Gene Ontology

Reactome pathways

7 pathways

IDPathway
R-HSA-5368286Mitochondrial translation initiation
R-HSA-5389840Mitochondrial translation elongation
R-HSA-5419276Mitochondrial translation termination
R-HSA-9937383Mitochondrial ribosome-associated quality control
R-HSA-392499Metabolism of proteins
R-HSA-5368287Mitochondrial translation
R-HSA-72766Translation

MSigDB gene sets: 105 (showing top): TGCGCANK_UNKNOWN, SHEPARD_CRASH_AND_BURN_MUTANT_UP, GOBP_MITOCHONDRIAL_TRANSLATION, ACEVEDO_NORMAL_TISSUE_ADJACENT_TO_LIVER_TUMOR_DN, GOBP_TRANSLATION, WEI_MYCN_TARGETS_WITH_E_BOX, GOMF_STRUCTURAL_CONSTITUENT_OF_RIBOSOME, GOCC_MITOCHONDRIAL_ENVELOPE, TIEN_INTESTINE_PROBIOTICS_24HR_UP, NAKAMURA_TUMOR_ZONE_PERIPHERAL_VS_CENTRAL_UP, GOCC_LARGE_RIBOSOMAL_SUBUNIT, GOCC_RIBOSOME, GOCC_ORGANELLAR_RIBOSOME, GOCC_MITOCHONDRIAL_MATRIX, GOCC_ORGANELLE_INNER_MEMBRANE

GO Biological Process (2): translation (GO:0006412), mitochondrial translation (GO:0032543)

GO Molecular Function (2): RNA binding (GO:0003723), structural constituent of ribosome (GO:0003735)

GO Cellular Component (6): mitochondrion (GO:0005739), mitochondrial inner membrane (GO:0005743), mitochondrial large ribosomal subunit (GO:0005762), ribosome (GO:0005840), large ribosomal subunit (GO:0015934), ribonucleoprotein complex (GO:1990904)

Reactome top-level categories

Rollup of top-3 pathways:

CategoryPathways
Mitochondrial translation4
Translation1
Metabolism of proteins1

GO top-level categories

Rollup of top GO terms by namespace:

CategoryTerms
peptidyltransferase activity1
translational initiation1
translational elongation1
translational termination1
macromolecule biosynthetic process1
protein metabolic process1
protein biosynthetic process1
mitochondrion1
translation1
mitochondrial gene expression1
nucleic acid binding1
structural molecule activity1
ribosome1
cytoplasm1
intracellular membrane-bounded organelle1
organelle inner membrane1
mitochondrial membrane1
organellar large ribosomal subunit1
mitochondrial ribosome1
mitochondrial protein-containing complex1
intracellular membraneless organelle1
ribosomal subunit1
protein-containing complex1

Protein interactions and networks

STRING

3672 interactions, top by confidence (×1000):

Protein AProtein BPartner UniProtScore
MRPL22RPL17P18621571
MRPL22MRPS6P82932552
MRPL22MRPL11Q9Y3B7550
MRPL22MRPS11P82912541
MRPL22MRPL19P49406528
MRPL22UQCRHLA0A096LP55512
MRPL22RPS17P08708478
MRPL22PSMA4P25789404
MRPL22UBL5Q9BZL1401
MRPL22RPL37P02403384
MRPL22COA5Q86WW8380
MRPL22EARS2Q5JPH6376
MRPL22UQCRQO14949374
MRPL22CHCHD7Q9BUK0366
MRPL22MRPL1Q9BYD6353
MRPL22MRPS14O60783353

IntAct

133 interactions, top by confidence:

ABTypeScore
NDUFS3NDUFS8psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.730
CFTRESYT2psi-mi:“MI:2364”(proximity)0.710
MRPS30GTPBP10psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.640
NPKPNA6psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.550
GLP1RMRPL22psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)0.540
MRPL22GLP1Rpsi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)0.540
GLP1RMRPL22psi-mi:“MI:0403”(colocalization)0.540
MRPL50GTPBP10psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.530
MRPL10ZZEF1psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.530
MRPL42GATCpsi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.530
MRPL41MRPL3psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.530
MRPL2GTPBP10psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.530
H1-4RRP8psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.530
MRPL13GTPBP10psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.530
MRPL18GTPBP10psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.530
MRPL27MRPL33psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.530
NDUFAB1MIEF1psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)0.490
steCSCDpsi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.460
MRPL22SF3A1psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)0.400
Ppp2caDKFZP586J0619psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.350
MRPL50MRPL43psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.350
MRPL9MRPL43psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.350

BioGRID (255): MRPL22 (Affinity Capture-RNA), MRPL22 (Affinity Capture-RNA), MRPL22 (Affinity Capture-MS), MRPL22 (Affinity Capture-MS), MRPL22 (Affinity Capture-MS), MRPL22 (Affinity Capture-MS), MRPL22 (Affinity Capture-MS), MRPL22 (Affinity Capture-MS), MRPL22 (Affinity Capture-MS), MRPL10 (Co-fractionation), MRPL17 (Co-fractionation), MRPL2 (Co-fractionation), MRPL22 (Co-fractionation), MRPL22 (Co-fractionation), MRPL22 (Co-fractionation)

ESM2 similar proteins: A2VE61, A5PJM7, B5FWC0, D4ABL6, E9PV86, F1QH17, O35972, O95782, P0C2C0, P0C7P0, P13984, P17426, P52848, Q01750, Q02353, Q08200, Q16540, Q2T9L9, Q3SZB3, Q3SZX5, Q3UHN9, Q3UMR5, Q3ZCQ8, Q4V8I4, Q5R7B1, Q5RAH3, Q5RAJ8, Q5U4X8, Q63750, Q6IQS9, Q6P6G7, Q6P6Q9, Q6TH22, Q7ZYA7, Q86TD4, Q8BU88, Q8CIW5, Q8NE86, Q8R0A0, Q8TF64

Diamond homologs: A1B032, A1KB22, A1TJ12, A1VIQ5, A1W2R2, A1WHD0, A2SLF2, A4G9T3, A4SUW6, A4YSJ7, A5ELM2, A5EX77, A5IM88, A5WCJ5, A6LLL8, A6LPR6, A6T3J9, A6U864, A7MWI8, A8F4R6, A8LM59, A8YXL0, A9BPS3, A9IIZ3, A9W4Q6, B0CH27, B0RZU5, B0V6X3, B0VQS3, B1LBN5, B1Z757, B2HZL7, B2IK67, B2UEL4, B3PK42, B4R8M2, B6IRR1, B7IHV1, B7L0R6, B8ELF8

SIGNOR signaling

1 interactions.

AEffectBMechanism
MRPL22“form complex”“39S mitochondrial large ribosomal subunit”binding

Enriched among interaction partners

Reactome pathways and GO biological processes over-represented among this gene’s 112 IntAct physical interaction partners (hypergeometric vs the genome-wide background, BH-FDR, gene-set size 15–500, ranked by fold). A functional readout of the neighbourhood — distinct from this gene’s own memberships above, and biased toward well-studied / hub proteins, so read it as themes rather than proof.

Reactome pathways:

PathwayPartnersFoldFDR
Mitochondrial ribosome-associated quality control3252.4×1e-46
Mitochondrial translation initiation2847.4×3e-39
Mitochondrial translation elongation2847.4×3e-39
Mitochondrial translation2545.9×2e-34
Mitochondrial translation termination2841.0×3e-37
Translation2621.5×1e-26
Mitochondrial protein degradation69.1×2e-03

GO biological processes:

GO termPartnersFoldFDR
mitochondrial translation3054.3×1e-42
mitochondrial large ribosomal subunit assembly551.6×4e-06
translation1920.3×1e-17

Disease & clinical

Clinical variants and AI predictions

ClinVar

38 variants total. Per-class counts are floors (≥ shown; pagination cap):

ClassificationCount (floor)
Pathogenic0
Likely pathogenic0
Uncertain significance26
Likely benign1
Benign1

Top pathogenic / likely-pathogenic (0)

SpliceAI

1106 predictions. Top by Δscore:

VariantEffectΔscore
5:154950936:GCA:Gdonor_gain1.0000
5:154950939:G:GGdonor_gain1.0000
5:154956361:A:AGacceptor_gain1.0000
5:154956361:AATTT:Aacceptor_gain1.0000
5:154956362:A:AGacceptor_gain1.0000
5:154956363:T:Gacceptor_gain1.0000
5:154956365:T:Aacceptor_gain1.0000
5:154956368:A:AGacceptor_gain1.0000
5:154956368:AAG:Aacceptor_gain1.0000
5:154956369:A:Gacceptor_gain1.0000
5:154956433:ATTGG:Adonor_loss1.0000
5:154956434:TTGGT:Tdonor_loss1.0000
5:154956435:TGG:Tdonor_loss1.0000
5:154956436:GGT:Gdonor_loss1.0000
5:154956437:G:GCdonor_loss1.0000
5:154956437:G:GGdonor_gain1.0000
5:154956438:TAAGC:Tdonor_loss1.0000
5:154957120:A:AGacceptor_gain1.0000
5:154957121:C:Gacceptor_gain1.0000
5:154957127:A:AGacceptor_gain1.0000
5:154957128:A:AGacceptor_gain1.0000
5:154957130:TCTA:Tacceptor_loss1.0000
5:154957131:CTA:Cacceptor_loss1.0000
5:154957132:TA:Tacceptor_loss1.0000
5:154957133:A:AGacceptor_gain1.0000
5:154957134:G:GAacceptor_gain1.0000
5:154957134:GA:Gacceptor_gain1.0000
5:154957134:GAT:Gacceptor_gain1.0000
5:154957134:GATA:Gacceptor_gain1.0000
5:154957134:GATAC:Gacceptor_gain1.0000

AlphaMissense

1330 scored. Top likely-pathogenic:

VariantProtein changeam_pathogenicity
5:154959992:G:CA118P0.996
5:154966791:T:CL172S0.994
5:154959984:T:AL115H0.993
5:154957159:G:CA96P0.992
5:154959984:T:CL115P0.990
5:154966785:T:AV170E0.989
5:154966774:C:GC166W0.988
5:154956387:G:CR71P0.987
5:154957136:T:AI88K0.987
5:154959984:T:GL115R0.987
5:154960028:T:CF130L0.987
5:154960030:C:AF130L0.987
5:154960030:C:GF130L0.987
5:154960041:T:CL134S0.987
5:154960047:T:AI136K0.987
5:154957177:T:CF102L0.986
5:154957179:C:AF102L0.986
5:154957179:C:GF102L0.986
5:154966778:T:GY168D0.986
5:154957192:G:AG107R0.985
5:154957192:G:CG107R0.985
5:154957192:G:TG107W0.985
5:154960005:C:AA122E0.985
5:154966691:T:CS139P0.984
5:154957160:C:AA96D0.983
5:154966728:G:CR151P0.983
5:154966772:T:CC166R0.983
5:154960004:G:CA122P0.981
5:154966773:G:AC166Y0.981
5:154956404:A:CS77R0.980

dbSNP variants (sampled 300 via entrez): RS1000030775 (5:154947487 A>G), RS1000072418 (5:154940356 T>G), RS1000128735 (5:154947368 G>A), RS1000199325 (5:154945776 A>G), RS1000267219 (5:154965693 A>G,T), RS1000291103 (5:154946443 A>G), RS1000485126 (5:154953973 A>C), RS1000760324 (5:154958011 C>G,T), RS1000826347 (5:154959349 C>T), RS1000890618 (5:154955075 G>A), RS1000948316 (5:154957720 G>C), RS1001034324 (5:154968815 G>A), RS1001231744 (5:154956900 G>A,T), RS1001268686 (5:154963377 T>C), RS1001330094 (5:154961843 C>T)

Disease associations

OMIM: gene MIM:611835 | disease phenotypes:

GenCC curated gene-disease

Mondo (0):

Orphanet (0):

HPO phenotypes

0 total (0 of 0 shown, HPO-id order):

GWAS associations

5 associations (top):

StudyTraitp-value
GCST004630_150Mean corpuscular hemoglobin1.000000e-28
GCST90002390_145Mean corpuscular hemoglobin5.000000e-38
GCST90002391_37Mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration1.000000e-11
GCST90002392_641Mean corpuscular volume1.000000e-21
GCST90002403_414Red blood cell count3.000000e-12

EFO canonical traits (3, from GWAS)

EFO IDTrait name
EFO:0004527mean corpuscular hemoglobin
EFO:0004528mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration
EFO:0004305erythrocyte count

Drugs & pharmacology

Drug and pharmacology data

Is drug target: no

PharmGKB: 1 entry (VIP=true, CPIC=false)

CTD chemical–gene interactions

26 total (human), top 26 by PubMed support.

ChemicalActions (top 5)PubMed papers
bisphenol Fincreases expression, affects cotreatment2
Acetaminophendecreases expression2
dicrotophosdecreases expression1
quercitrindecreases expression1
arseniteaffects binding, increases reaction1
sodium arsenitedecreases activity1
beta-methylcholineaffects expression1
cylindrospermopsinincreases expression1
CGP 52608affects binding, increases reaction1
bisphenol Bincreases expression1
abrineincreases expression1
bisphenol Saffects expression1
Resveratrolaffects cotreatment, increases expression1
Air Pollutantsdecreases expression, increases abundance1
Dexamethasoneaffects cotreatment, increases expression1
Hydrogen Peroxideaffects expression1
Indomethacinaffects cotreatment, increases expression1
Ivermectinincreases expression1
Methotrexateaffects cotreatment, decreases expression1
Phthalic Acidsdecreases methylation1
Plant Extractsaffects cotreatment, increases expression1
Ribonucleotidesaffects binding1
1-Methyl-3-isobutylxanthineaffects cotreatment, increases expression1
Antirheumatic Agentsaffects cotreatment, decreases expression1
Lactic Aciddecreases expression1
Particulate Matterdecreases expression, increases abundance1

Clinical trials (associated diseases)

0 trials via MONDO — disease-level, not drug-specific.

No linked Atlas pages yet — the cross-entity mesh grows as the corpus expands.