MRPL32

Summary

MRPL32 (mitochondrial ribosomal protein L32, HGNC:14035) is a protein-coding gene on chromosome 7p14.1, encoding Large ribosomal subunit protein bL32m (Q9BYC8). Component of the mitochondrial large ribosomal subunit (mt-LSU). It is a selective cancer dependency (DepMap: 58.2% of cell lines).

Mammalian mitochondrial ribosomal proteins are encoded by nuclear genes and help in protein synthesis within the mitochondrion. Mitochondrial ribosomes (mitoribosomes) consist of a small 28S subunit and a large 39S subunit. They have an estimated 75% protein to rRNA composition compared to prokaryotic ribosomes, where this ratio is reversed. Another difference between mammalian mitoribosomes and prokaryotic ribosomes is that the latter contain a 5S rRNA. Among different species, the proteins comprising the mitoribosome differ greatly in sequence, and sometimes in biochemical properties, which prevents easy recognition by sequence homology. This gene encodes a 39S subunit protein that belongs to the L32 ribosomal protein family. A pseudogene corresponding to this gene is found on chromosome Xp.

Source: NCBI Gene 64983 — RefSeq curated summary.

At a glance

• GWAS associations: 3
• Clinical variants (ClinVar): 25 total
• Cancer dependency (DepMap): dependent in 58.2% of screened cell lines
• MANE Select transcript: NM_031903

Identifiers

Gene identifiers

Field	Value
HGNC ID	HGNC:14035
Approved symbol	MRPL32
Name	mitochondrial ribosomal protein L32
Location	7p14.1
Locus type	gene with protein product
Status	Approved
Aliases	HSPC283, L32mt, MRP-L32, bMRP-59b, bL32m
Ensembl gene	ENSG00000106591
Ensembl biotype	protein_coding
OMIM	611839
Entrez	64983

Gene structure

Transcript identifiers

Ensembl transcripts: 6 — 3 protein_coding, 2 nonsense_mediated_decay, 1 protein_coding_CDS_not_defined

ENST00000223324, ENST00000413995, ENST00000432845, ENST00000496564, ENST00000900012, ENST00000921963

RefSeq mRNA: 1 — MANE Select: NM_031903 NM_031903

CCDS: CCDS5468

Canonical transcript exons

ENST00000223324 — 3 exons

Exon	Start	End
ENSE00000680322	42934955	42935136
ENSE00001693057	42932376	42932516
ENSE00003483004	42937322	42937857

Expression profiles

Bgee: expression breadth ubiquitous, 256 present calls, max score 98.33.

FANTOM5 (CAGE): breadth ubiquitous, TPM avg 39.8326 / max 270.0191, expressed in 1815 samples.

FANTOM5 promoters (1 alternative TSS)

Promoter ID	TPM avg	Samples expressed
78333	39.8326	1815

Top tissues by expression

256 total, by Bgee expression score (0-100, higher = more expressed):

Tissue	Anatomy ID	Expression score	Quality
oocyte	CL:0000023	98.33	gold quality
left ventricle myocardium	UBERON:0006566	97.99	gold quality
kidney epithelium	UBERON:0004819	97.93	gold quality
cardia of stomach	UBERON:0001162	97.49	gold quality
myocardium	UBERON:0002349	97.34	gold quality
epithelial cell of pancreas	CL:0000083	97.14	gold quality
heart right ventricle	UBERON:0002080	97.13	gold quality
renal medulla	UBERON:0000362	97.09	gold quality
pylorus	UBERON:0001166	97.08	gold quality
cardiac muscle of right atrium	UBERON:0003379	97.04	gold quality
left adrenal gland	UBERON:0001234	96.96	gold quality
metanephros	UBERON:0000081	96.92	gold quality
adrenal cortex	UBERON:0001235	96.81	gold quality
left adrenal gland cortex	UBERON:0035825	96.79	gold quality
cardiac ventricle	UBERON:0002082	96.78	gold quality
heart left ventricle	UBERON:0002084	96.77	gold quality
body of pancreas	UBERON:0001150	96.74	gold quality
right adrenal gland cortex	UBERON:0035827	96.74	gold quality
right adrenal gland	UBERON:0001233	96.71	gold quality
right lobe of liver	UBERON:0001114	96.47	gold quality
deltoid	UBERON:0001476	96.42	gold quality
adrenal gland	UBERON:0002369	96.37	gold quality
adrenal tissue	UBERON:0018303	96.16	gold quality
heart	UBERON:0000948	96.14	gold quality
urethra	UBERON:0000057	96.10	gold quality
peritoneum	UBERON:0002358	96.09	gold quality
omental fat pad	UBERON:0010414	96.08	gold quality
metanephros cortex	UBERON:0010533	96.08	gold quality
islet of Langerhans	UBERON:0000006	96.04	gold quality
adipose tissue of abdominal region	UBERON:0007808	96.04	gold quality

Single-cell (SCXA)

Detected in 2 experiment(s), a significant marker in 2.

Experiment	Marker?	Max mean expression
E-HCAD-10	yes	27.05
E-ANND-3	no	0.00

Regulation

Is transcription factor: no

miRNA regulators (miRDB)

18 targeting MRPL32, top 30 by miRDB confidence (max_score; target_count = how many genes the miRNA targets in total — lower means more specific):

miRNA	Max score	Avg score	miRNA target_count
HSA-MIR-186-5P	99.99	70.83	3707
HSA-MIR-607	99.97	73.62	5593
HSA-MIR-205-3P	99.92	69.92	3165
HSA-MIR-1299	99.77	71.24	2389
HSA-MIR-3059-5P	99.70	69.93	2491
HSA-MIR-4502	99.65	66.99	1021
HSA-MIR-875-3P	99.63	69.47	2548
HSA-MIR-5003-5P	99.61	69.13	1624
HSA-MIR-6832-3P	99.52	70.44	1726
HSA-MIR-548AV-3P	99.43	68.50	1721
HSA-MIR-580-5P	99.28	70.94	1776
HSA-MIR-6739-3P	99.22	68.84	1843
HSA-MIR-138-2-3P	98.91	68.33	1643
HSA-MIR-1261	98.62	68.10	896
HSA-MIR-676-5P	98.49	68.87	1492
HSA-MIR-4768-3P	98.16	66.02	2330
HSA-MIR-4693-5P	97.35	67.02	1234
HSA-MIR-643	97.35	67.91	805

Functional genomics

DepMap (CRISPR cell-line fitness): dependent in 58.2% of screened cell lines.

Cross-species orthologs

5 orthologs

Organism	Symbol	Gene ID
danio_rerio	mrpl32	ENSDARG00000060489
mus_musculus	Mrpl32	ENSMUSG00000015672
rattus_norvegicus	Mrpl32	ENSRNOG00000015989
drosophila_melanogaster	mRpL32	FBGN0039835
caenorhabditis_elegans		WBGENE00016249

Protein

Protein identifiers

Large ribosomal subunit protein bL32m — Q9BYC8 (reviewed: Q9BYC8)

Alternative names: 39S ribosomal protein L32, mitochondrial

All UniProt accessions (4): Q9BYC8, A4D1V4, B3KQX1, H7BZU9

UniProt curated annotations — full annotation on UniProt →

Function. Component of the mitochondrial large ribosomal subunit (mt-LSU). The mitochondrial ribosome (mitoribosome) is a large ribonucleoprotein complex responsible for the synthesis of proteins inside mitochondria.

Subunit / interactions. Component of the mitochondrial large ribosomal subunit (mt-LSU). Mature mammalian 55S mitochondrial ribosomes consist of a small (28S) and a large (39S) subunit. The 28S small subunit contains a 12S ribosomal RNA (12S mt-rRNA) and 30 different proteins. The 39S large subunit contains a 16S rRNA (16S mt-rRNA), a copy of mitochondrial valine transfer RNA (mt-tRNA(Val)), which plays an integral structural role, and 52 different proteins. bL32m has a zinc binding site.

Subcellular location. Mitochondrion.

Post-translational modifications. MRPL32 precursor is processed by the m-AAA protease (composed of AFG3L2 and SPG7), which cleaves the N-terminal transit peptide. Cleavage by the m-AAA protease takes place prior to assembly into the large subunit, an essential step for mitochondrial ribosome (mitoribosome) assembly. Proper processing by the m-AAA protease is dependent on the zinc-binding region within the tightly folded C-terminal domain of MRPL32: zinc-dependent folding halts degradation initiated from the N-terminus and triggers the release of mature MRPL32.

Similarity. Belongs to the bacterial ribosomal protein bL32 family.

RefSeq proteins (1): NP_114109* (*=MANE)

Domains & families (InterPro)

ID	Name	Type
IPR002677	Ribosomal_bL32	Family
IPR011332	Ribosomal_zn-bd	Homologous_superfamily
IPR051991	Mitoribosomal_protein_bL32	Family

Pfam: PF01783

UniProt features (19 total): strand 5, binding site 4, turn 3, helix 2, transit peptide 1, chain 1, region of interest 1, compositionally biased region 1, sequence conflict 1

Structure

Experimental structures (PDB)

86 structures, top 30 by resolution.

PDB	Method	Resolution (Å)
7OF0	ELECTRON MICROSCOPY	2.2
7QI4	ELECTRON MICROSCOPY	2.21
8RRI	ELECTRON MICROSCOPY	2.4
8QU5	ELECTRON MICROSCOPY	2.42
9OLF	ELECTRON MICROSCOPY	2.46
7OF7	ELECTRON MICROSCOPY	2.5
7PO4	ELECTRON MICROSCOPY	2.56
6ZM6	ELECTRON MICROSCOPY	2.59
7O9M	ELECTRON MICROSCOPY	2.6
7OF6	ELECTRON MICROSCOPY	2.6
9CN3	ELECTRON MICROSCOPY	2.62
7QI5	ELECTRON MICROSCOPY	2.63
7OF2	ELECTRON MICROSCOPY	2.7
7OF3	ELECTRON MICROSCOPY	2.7
7OF4	ELECTRON MICROSCOPY	2.7
8QU1	ELECTRON MICROSCOPY	2.74
9PR4	ELECTRON MICROSCOPY	2.77
9PRA	ELECTRON MICROSCOPY	2.83
8ANY	ELECTRON MICROSCOPY	2.85
6ZM5	ELECTRON MICROSCOPY	2.89
7QH7	ELECTRON MICROSCOPY	2.89
7ODR	ELECTRON MICROSCOPY	2.9
7OF5	ELECTRON MICROSCOPY	2.9
8K2A	ELECTRON MICROSCOPY	2.9
8OIT	ELECTRON MICROSCOPY	2.9
9PGL	ELECTRON MICROSCOPY	2.9
9PGF	ELECTRON MICROSCOPY	2.93
6VMI	ELECTRON MICROSCOPY	2.96
6VLZ	ELECTRON MICROSCOPY	2.97
7QI6	ELECTRON MICROSCOPY	2.98

Predicted structure (AlphaFold)

Model	pLDDT	Fraction very-high
AF-Q9BYC8-F1	77.72	0.52

Functional residue map

Curated UniProt residues grouped by drug-discovery relevance — catalytic, ligand-binding, modification, and mutation-validated positions. Source: UniProtKB sequence features.

Ligand- & substrate-binding residues (4): 110; 113; 123; 126

Function

Pathways and Gene Ontology

Reactome pathways

8 pathways

ID	Pathway
R-HSA-5368286	Mitochondrial translation initiation
R-HSA-5389840	Mitochondrial translation elongation
R-HSA-5419276	Mitochondrial translation termination
R-HSA-9837999	Mitochondrial protein degradation
R-HSA-9937383	Mitochondrial ribosome-associated quality control
R-HSA-392499	Metabolism of proteins
R-HSA-5368287	Mitochondrial translation
R-HSA-72766	Translation

MSigDB gene sets: 91 (showing top): GSE45365_HEALTHY_VS_MCMV_INFECTION_CD8_TCELL_IFNAR_KO_UP, TGCGCANK_UNKNOWN, GRAESSMANN_APOPTOSIS_BY_DOXORUBICIN_DN, GRAESSMANN_RESPONSE_TO_MC_AND_DOXORUBICIN_DN, GOBP_MITOCHONDRIAL_TRANSLATION, EFC_Q6, GOBP_TRANSLATION, GOMF_STRUCTURAL_CONSTITUENT_OF_RIBOSOME, GOCC_MITOCHONDRIAL_ENVELOPE, GARY_CD5_TARGETS_DN, NRF2_Q4, DODD_NASOPHARYNGEAL_CARCINOMA_UP, WONG_MITOCHONDRIA_GENE_MODULE, GOCC_LARGE_RIBOSOMAL_SUBUNIT, GOCC_RIBOSOME

GO Biological Process (2): translation (GO:0006412), mitochondrial translation (GO:0032543)

GO Molecular Function (3): RNA binding (GO:0003723), structural constituent of ribosome (GO:0003735), protein binding (GO:0005515)

GO Cellular Component (8): mitochondrion (GO:0005739), mitochondrial inner membrane (GO:0005743), mitochondrial matrix (GO:0005759), mitochondrial ribosome (GO:0005761), mitochondrial large ribosomal subunit (GO:0005762), ribosome (GO:0005840), large ribosomal subunit (GO:0015934), ribonucleoprotein complex (GO:1990904)

Reactome top-level categories

Rollup of top-3 pathways:

Category	Pathways
Mitochondrial translation	4
Metabolism of proteins	2
Translation	1

GO top-level categories

Rollup of top GO terms by namespace:

Category	Terms
mitochondrion	2
peptidyltransferase activity	1
translational initiation	1
translational elongation	1
translational termination	1
macromolecule biosynthetic process	1
protein metabolic process	1
protein biosynthetic process	1
translation	1
mitochondrial gene expression	1
nucleic acid binding	1
structural molecule activity	1
ribosome	1
binding	1
cytoplasm	1
intracellular membrane-bounded organelle	1
organelle inner membrane	1
mitochondrial membrane	1
intracellular organelle lumen	1
organellar ribosome	1
mitochondrial matrix	1
organellar large ribosomal subunit	1
mitochondrial ribosome	1
mitochondrial protein-containing complex	1
intracellular membraneless organelle	1
ribosomal subunit	1
protein-containing complex	1

Protein interactions and networks

STRING

2460 interactions, top by confidence (×1000):

Protein A	Protein B	Partner UniProt	Score
MRPL32	MRPS12	O15235	625
MRPL32	MRPL17	Q9NRX2	593
MRPL32	MALSU1	Q96EH3	576
MRPL32	MRPL42	Q9Y6G3	574
MRPL32	MRPS18A	Q9NVS2	547
MRPL32	MRPL12	P52815	535
MRPL32	YJU2B	P13994	448
MRPL32	RPL35	P42766	406
MRPL32	RPS9	P46781	376
MRPL32	MRPL33	O75394	353
MRPL32	RPS11	P04643	353
MRPL32	RPS15	P11174	353
MRPL32	RPL23	P23131	353
MRPL32	RPS3	P23396	353
MRPL32	RPS18	P25232	353
MRPL32	MRPL19	P49406	353
MRPL32	YARS1	P54577	353
MRPL32	MRPS6	P82932	353
MRPL32	MRPS9	P82933	353
MRPL32	DARS2	Q6PI48	353
MRPL32	MRPL21	Q7Z2W9	353

IntAct

137 interactions, top by confidence:

A	B	Type	Score
MALSU1	NDUFAB1	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.710
MRPS30	GTPBP10	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.640
MRPL32	PRDM14	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
MRPL50	GTPBP10	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
RPL18	NOP56	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
MRPL10	ZZEF1	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
MRPL42	GATC	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
MRPL28	MRPL3	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
MRPL41	MRPL3	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
MRPL2	GTPBP10	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
HNRNPA1	PTCD1	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
IGF2BP3	PTCD1	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
MRPL13	GTPBP10	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
MRPL18	GTPBP10	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
MRPL27	MRPL33	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
NDUFAB1	MIEF1	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.490
MRPL50	MRPL43	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
MRPL9	MRPL43	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
MRPL1	MRPL43	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
JUN		psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
	ZNF316	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
MRPL4	ZSWIM8	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
MRPL12		psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
ZC3H3	ANKHD1	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
RPL13	IPO5	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350

BioGRID (169): MRPL32 (Affinity Capture-MS), MRPL32 (Affinity Capture-MS), MRPL32 (Affinity Capture-MS), MRPL32 (Affinity Capture-MS), MRPL32 (Affinity Capture-MS), MRPL32 (Affinity Capture-MS), MRPL32 (Affinity Capture-MS), MRPL32 (Affinity Capture-MS), MRPL32 (Affinity Capture-MS), MRPL32 (Affinity Capture-MS), MRPL32 (Affinity Capture-MS), MRPL18 (Co-fractionation), MRPL2 (Co-fractionation), MRPL37 (Co-fractionation), MRPL9 (Co-fractionation)

ESM2 similar proteins: O09111, P0C2B7, P0C2B8, P0C2B9, P25712, P56181, P82649, P82913, P82927, P83565, Q0MQJ0, Q0MQJ1, Q0MQJ2, Q0MQJ3, Q0MQJ4, Q0MQJ5, Q2TBI6, Q3MHJ5, Q3T040, Q5EA71, Q5I0K8, Q5R4S3, Q5R504, Q5TC12, Q5TM62, Q6DDY9, Q6DQX6, Q6P161, Q7Z7F7, Q80X85, Q811I0, Q86TS9, Q8BK30, Q8HXG5, Q99N84, Q9BYC8, Q9CPV3, Q9CPW3, Q9CQ40, Q9CZ83

Diamond homologs: Q2TBI6, Q9BYC8, Q9DCI9, Q9V9Z1, Q04907

SIGNOR signaling

1 interactions.

A	Effect	B	Mechanism
MRPL32	“form complex”	“39S mitochondrial large ribosomal subunit”	binding

Enriched among interaction partners

Reactome pathways and GO biological processes over-represented among this gene’s 114 IntAct physical interaction partners (hypergeometric vs the genome-wide background, BH-FDR, gene-set size 15–500, ranked by fold). A functional readout of the neighbourhood — distinct from this gene’s own memberships above, and biased toward well-studied / hub proteins, so read it as themes rather than proof.

Reactome pathways:

Pathway	Partners	Fold	FDR
Mitochondrial ribosome-associated quality control	34	49.7×	8e-49
Mitochondrial translation	29	47.5×	5e-41
Mitochondrial translation initiation	31	46.8×	1e-43
Mitochondrial translation elongation	31	46.8×	1e-43
Mitochondrial translation termination	31	40.5×	2e-41
Transport of Mature Transcript to Cytoplasm	5	22.7×	3e-05
Translation	30	22.2×	2e-31
Peptide chain elongation	12	18.1×	6e-11

GO biological processes:

GO term	Partners	Fold	FDR
mitochondrial translation	34	55.2×	3e-49
mitochondrial large ribosomal subunit assembly	5	46.3×	4e-06
translation	29	27.9×	4e-32
cytoplasmic translation	12	20.8×	6e-11
regulation of alternative mRNA splicing, via spliceosome	9	20.5×	5e-08
negative regulation of translation	7	12.8×	8e-05
mRNA processing	9	6.6×	5e-04
RNA splicing	7	5.8×	7e-03

Disease & clinical

Clinical variants and AI predictions

ClinVar

25 variants total. Per-class counts are floors (≥ shown; pagination cap):

Classification	Count (floor)
Pathogenic	0
Likely pathogenic	0
Uncertain significance	24
Likely benign	0
Benign	0

Top pathogenic / likely-pathogenic (0)

SpliceAI

388 predictions. Top by Δscore:

Variant	Effect	Δscore
7:42932512:GTGGG:G	donor_gain	1.0000
7:42934939:AT:A	acceptor_gain	1.0000
7:42934940:T:TA	acceptor_gain	1.0000
7:42934946:A:AG	acceptor_gain	1.0000
7:42934947:T:G	acceptor_gain	1.0000
7:42934953:A:AG	acceptor_gain	1.0000
7:42934953:AG:A	acceptor_gain	1.0000
7:42934954:G:GC	acceptor_gain	1.0000
7:42934954:GG:G	acceptor_gain	1.0000
7:42934954:GGA:G	acceptor_gain	1.0000
7:42934954:GGAC:G	acceptor_gain	1.0000
7:42934954:GGACC:G	acceptor_gain	1.0000
7:42935132:T:G	donor_gain	1.0000
7:42935134:AAGGT:A	donor_loss	1.0000
7:42935136:GGT:G	donor_loss	1.0000
7:42935137:GTA:G	donor_loss	1.0000
7:42935138:T:G	donor_loss	1.0000
7:42937318:A:AG	acceptor_gain	1.0000
7:42937319:A:G	acceptor_gain	1.0000
7:42932473:G:GT	donor_gain	0.9900
7:42932514:GGG:G	donor_gain	0.9900
7:42932515:GG:G	donor_gain	0.9900
7:42932515:GGG:G	donor_gain	0.9900
7:42932515:GGGTA:G	donor_loss	0.9900
7:42932516:GG:G	donor_gain	0.9900
7:42932516:GGTA:G	donor_loss	0.9900
7:42932517:G:GG	donor_gain	0.9900
7:42932517:G:T	donor_loss	0.9900
7:42932518:T:C	donor_loss	0.9900
7:42934940:T:G	acceptor_gain	0.9900

AlphaMissense

1217 scored. Top likely-pathogenic:

Variant	Protein change	am_pathogenicity
7:42937562:T:C	F185L	0.980
7:42937564:C:A	F185L	0.980
7:42937564:C:G	F185L	0.980
7:42937559:T:A	W184R	0.975
7:42937559:T:C	W184R	0.975
7:42935076:A:C	R84S	0.974
7:42935076:A:T	R84S	0.974
7:42937360:A:C	K117N	0.968
7:42937360:A:T	K117N	0.968
7:42935103:G:C	R93S	0.966
7:42935103:G:T	R93S	0.966
7:42937337:T:C	C110R	0.965
7:42935106:A:C	R94S	0.961
7:42935106:A:T	R94S	0.961
7:42935075:G:C	R84T	0.958
7:42937563:T:C	F185S	0.958
7:42935063:C:A	A80D	0.949
7:42935102:G:C	R93T	0.949
7:42935109:A:C	R95S	0.949
7:42935109:A:T	R95S	0.949
7:42937376:T:C	C123R	0.949
7:42935077:C:A	R85S	0.947
7:42935070:A:C	K82N	0.940
7:42935070:A:T	K82N	0.940
7:42935102:G:T	R93M	0.938
7:42937563:T:G	F185C	0.938
7:42937561:G:C	W184C	0.937
7:42937561:G:T	W184C	0.937
7:42935081:C:T	T86I	0.933
7:42935075:G:T	R84I	0.929

dbSNP variants (sampled 300 via entrez): RS1000138292 (7:42932316 C>G,T), RS1000299247 (7:42932186 G>A,C,T), RS1000526844 (7:42937974 A>G), RS1000596877 (7:42936599 A>G), RS1000629327 (7:42936945 T>C,G), RS1000874512 (7:42932326 T>TC), RS1001088520 (7:42931078 G>C), RS1001991041 (7:42930835 C>T), RS1002023865 (7:42931103 C>CCTA), RS1002087263 (7:42936895 A>C,T), RS1002168384 (7:42935300 G>T), RS1002194602 (7:42933863 G>A), RS1002766297 (7:42933854 C>A), RS1003208804 (7:42934115 A>C), RS1003464405 (7:42935410 A>G)

Disease associations

OMIM: gene MIM:611839 | disease phenotypes:

GenCC curated gene-disease

Mondo (0):

Orphanet (0):

HPO phenotypes

0 total (0 of 0 shown, HPO-id order):

GWAS associations

3 associations (top):

Study	Trait	p-value
GCST004749_18	Lung cancer in ever smokers	7.000000e-06
GCST010702_155	Subcortical volume (MOSTest)	4.000000e-29
GCST010703_261	Brain morphology (MOSTest)	2.000000e-13

EFO canonical traits (1, from GWAS)

EFO ID	Trait name
EFO:0004346	neuroimaging measurement

Drugs & pharmacology

Drug and pharmacology data

Is drug target: no

PharmGKB: 1 entry (VIP=true, CPIC=false)

CTD chemical–gene interactions

28 total (human), top 28 by PubMed support.

Chemical	Actions (top 5)	PubMed papers
bisphenol A	decreases expression	2
sodium arsenite	decreases expression, affects cotreatment, increases abundance, increases expression	2
Acetaminophen	affects cotreatment, decreases expression	2
Particulate Matter	decreases expression, increases abundance, affects cotreatment	2
mono-(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate	decreases expression	1
manganese chloride	affects cotreatment, increases abundance, increases expression	1
isobutyl alcohol	affects cotreatment, decreases expression, increases abundance	1
beta-methylcholine	affects expression	1
ICG 001	increases expression	1
abrine	increases expression	1
Resveratrol	affects cotreatment, increases expression	1
Temozolomide	increases expression	1
Air Pollutants	increases abundance, decreases expression	1
Arsenic	affects cotreatment, increases abundance, increases expression	1
Atrazine	decreases expression	1
Dimethyl Sulfoxide	increases expression	1
Gasoline	affects cotreatment, decreases expression, increases abundance	1
Hydrogen Peroxide	affects expression	1
Ketoconazole	increases expression	1
Lipopolysaccharides	affects cotreatment, decreases expression	1
Manganese	affects cotreatment, increases abundance, increases expression	1
Plant Extracts	affects cotreatment, increases expression	1
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons	affects cotreatment, decreases expression, increases abundance	1
Ribonucleotides	affects binding	1
Tobacco Smoke Pollution	increases expression	1
Cyclosporine	increases expression	1
Sodium Selenite	increases expression	1
1-Butanol	affects cotreatment, decreases expression, increases abundance	1

Clinical trials (associated diseases)

0 trials via MONDO — disease-level, not drug-specific.