MRPL42

Summary

MRPL42 (mitochondrial ribosomal protein L42, HGNC:14493) is a protein-coding gene on chromosome 12q22, encoding Large ribosomal subunit protein mL42 (Q9Y6G3).

Mammalian mitochondrial ribosomal proteins are encoded by nuclear genes and help in protein synthesis within the mitochondrion. Mitochondrial ribosomes (mitoribosomes) consist of a small 28S subunit and a large 39S subunit. They have an estimated 75% protein to rRNA composition compared to prokaryotic ribosomes, where this ratio is reversed. Another difference between mammalian mitoribosomes and prokaryotic ribosomes is that the latter contain a 5S rRNA. Among different species, the proteins comprising the mitoribosome differ greatly in sequence, and sometimes in biochemical properties, which prevents easy recognition by sequence homology. This gene encodes a protein identified as belonging to both the 28S and the 39S subunits. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. Pseudogenes corresponding to this gene are found on chromosomes 4q, 6p, 6q, 7p, and 15q.

Source: NCBI Gene 28977 — RefSeq curated summary.

At a glance

• Gene–disease (curated): complex neurodevelopmental disorder (Limited, GenCC)
• GWAS associations: 3
• Clinical variants (ClinVar): 32 total — 1 pathogenic
• MANE Select transcript: NM_014050

Identifiers

Gene identifiers

Field	Value
HGNC ID	HGNC:14493
Approved symbol	MRPL42
Name	mitochondrial ribosomal protein L42
Location	12q22
Locus type	gene with protein product
Status	Approved
Aliases	MRPS32, MRP-L31, RPML31, PTD007, HSPC204, MRPL31, mL42
Ensembl gene	ENSG00000198015
Ensembl biotype	protein_coding
OMIM	611847
Entrez	28977

Gene structure

Transcript identifiers

Ensembl transcripts: 26 — 21 protein_coding, 3 nonsense_mediated_decay, 2 protein_coding_CDS_not_defined

ENST00000358678, ENST00000393128, ENST00000547098, ENST00000548545, ENST00000549561, ENST00000549982, ENST00000551396, ENST00000552217, ENST00000552326, ENST00000552938, ENST00000873991, ENST00000873992, ENST00000873993, ENST00000873994, ENST00000873995, ENST00000873996, ENST00000873997, ENST00000873998, ENST00000919736, ENST00000919737, ENST00000919738, ENST00000919739, ENST00000919740, ENST00000919741, ENST00000919742, ENST00000919743

RefSeq mRNA: 2 — MANE Select: NM_014050 NM_014050, NM_172177

CCDS: CCDS9045

Canonical transcript exons

ENST00000549982 — 6 exons

Exon	Start	End
ENSE00002367395	93467514	93467554
ENSE00002389794	93501176	93516214
ENSE00003503758	93476954	93477017
ENSE00003520696	93487497	93487660
ENSE00003552476	93469192	93469355
ENSE00003609549	93479388	93479472

Expression profiles

Bgee: expression breadth ubiquitous, 284 present calls, max score 97.87.

FANTOM5 (CAGE): breadth ubiquitous, TPM avg 39.7601 / max 1099.5960, expressed in 1802 samples.

FANTOM5 promoters (2 alternative TSS)

Promoter ID	TPM avg	Samples expressed
127351	36.4475	1801
127350	3.3126	1408

Top tissues by expression

287 total, by Bgee expression score (0-100, higher = more expressed):

Tissue	Anatomy ID	Expression score	Quality
adrenal tissue	UBERON:0018303	97.87	gold quality
islet of Langerhans	UBERON:0000006	97.44	gold quality
ganglionic eminence	UBERON:0004023	96.27	gold quality
rectum	UBERON:0001052	95.51	gold quality
embryo	UBERON:0000922	94.86	gold quality
sperm	CL:0000019	94.55	gold quality
endothelial cell	CL:0000115	94.44	gold quality
ventricular zone	UBERON:0003053	94.02	gold quality
right testis	UBERON:0004534	93.77	gold quality
left testis	UBERON:0004533	93.75	gold quality
primordial germ cell in gonad	CL:0000670 ∩ UBERON:0000991	93.70	gold quality
right adrenal gland cortex	UBERON:0035827	93.37	gold quality
heart right ventricle	UBERON:0002080	93.25	gold quality
left ventricle myocardium	UBERON:0006566	93.21	gold quality
testis	UBERON:0000473	93.14	gold quality
male germ cell	CL:0000015	93.10	gold quality
calcaneal tendon	UBERON:0003701	93.06	gold quality
right adrenal gland	UBERON:0001233	92.96	gold quality
myocardium	UBERON:0002349	92.80	gold quality
left adrenal gland	UBERON:0001234	92.77	gold quality
adrenal gland	UBERON:0002369	92.47	gold quality
mucosa of sigmoid colon	UBERON:0004993	92.46	gold quality
gall bladder	UBERON:0002110	92.32	gold quality
stromal cell of endometrium	CL:0002255	92.29	gold quality
left adrenal gland cortex	UBERON:0035825	92.28	gold quality
smooth muscle tissue	UBERON:0001135	92.19	gold quality
cardiac muscle of right atrium	UBERON:0003379	92.07	gold quality
colonic mucosa	UBERON:0000317	92.04	gold quality
olfactory segment of nasal mucosa	UBERON:0005386	91.95	gold quality
endometrium	UBERON:0001295	91.91	gold quality

Single-cell (SCXA)

Detected in 3 experiment(s), a significant marker in 1.

Experiment	Marker?	Max mean expression
E-ANND-3	yes	14.44
E-MTAB-6819	no	1217.60
E-MTAB-9388	no	13.82

Regulation

Is transcription factor: no

Upstream regulators (CollecTRI, top): TP63

miRNA regulators (miRDB)

98 targeting MRPL42, top 30 by miRDB confidence (max_score; target_count = how many genes the miRNA targets in total — lower means more specific):

miRNA	Max score	Avg score	miRNA target_count
HSA-MIR-6740-5P	100.00	65.64	932
HSA-MIR-3646	100.00	73.56	5283
HSA-MIR-1277-5P	100.00	73.95	5056
HSA-MIR-6833-3P	100.00	70.63	3197
HSA-MIR-8485	100.00	77.57	4731
HSA-MIR-4768-5P	100.00	69.49	2861
HSA-MIR-548P	99.98	72.25	3784
HSA-MIR-3688-3P	99.97	72.02	2834
HSA-MIR-3148	99.97	75.06	6478
HSA-MIR-302E	99.96	70.74	2669
HSA-MIR-1468-3P	99.96	72.74	3797
HSA-MIR-590-3P	99.96	74.34	6478
HSA-MIR-96-5P	99.95	72.80	2140
HSA-MIR-101-3P	99.94	75.03	2230
HSA-MIR-335-3P	99.93	73.36	4958
HSA-MIR-539-5P	99.93	70.30	2855
HSA-MIR-3143	99.93	71.96	3104
HSA-MIR-6835-3P	99.93	70.49	2904
HSA-MIR-12133	99.92	71.82	2006
HSA-MIR-6508-5P	99.92	70.67	2465
HSA-MIR-1271-5P	99.91	71.99	1972
HSA-MIR-6809-3P	99.91	71.45	3814
HSA-MIR-374A-5P	99.90	71.34	2923
HSA-MIR-374B-5P	99.90	69.98	2734
HSA-MIR-302A-3P	99.89	71.23	1777
HSA-MIR-302B-3P	99.89	71.23	1777
HSA-MIR-302C-3P	99.89	71.20	1778
HSA-MIR-302D-3P	99.89	71.25	1777
HSA-MIR-153-5P	99.89	73.86	6317
HSA-MIR-8067	99.86	69.59	2260

Literature-anchored findings (GeneRIF, showing 2)

• MPO and BPI in CD4(+)T-lymphocytes, and PDHA1 and MRPL42 in CD8(+) T-lymphocytes might be used as specific biomarkers of severe asthma progression. (PMID:26107902)
• MRPL42 is a novel oncogene in glioma and might help us develop promising targetted therapies for glioma patients. (PMID:29531015)

Cross-species orthologs

4 orthologs

Organism	Symbol	Gene ID
mus_musculus	Mrpl42	ENSMUSG00000062981
rattus_norvegicus	Mrpl42l1	ENSRNOG00000025964
rattus_norvegicus		ENSRNOG00000031132
rattus_norvegicus	Mrpl42	ENSRNOG00000042740

Protein

Protein identifiers

Large ribosomal subunit protein mL42 — Q9Y6G3 (reviewed: Q9Y6G3)

Alternative names: 39S ribosomal protein L31, mitochondrial, 39S ribosomal protein L42, mitochondrial

All UniProt accessions (6): Q9Y6G3, F8VVR0, J3KP21, J3KPP0, S4R2Z7, S4R360

UniProt curated annotations — full annotation on UniProt →

Subunit / interactions. Component of the mitochondrial large ribosomal subunit (mt-LSU). Mature mammalian 55S mitochondrial ribosomes consist of a small (28S) and a large (39S) subunit. The 28S small subunit contains a 12S ribosomal RNA (12S mt-rRNA) and 30 different proteins. The 39S large subunit contains a 16S rRNA (16S mt-rRNA), a copy of mitochondrial valine transfer RNA (mt-tRNA(Val)), which plays an integral structural role, and 52 different proteins.

Subcellular location. Mitochondrion.

Similarity. Belongs to the mitochondrion-specific ribosomal protein mL42 family.

RefSeq proteins (2): NP_054769, NP_751917 (=MANE)

Domains & families (InterPro)

ID	Name	Type
IPR019346	Ribosomal_mL42	Family

Pfam: PF10210

UniProt features (9 total): helix 4, strand 3, transit peptide 1, chain 1

Structure

Experimental structures (PDB)

85 structures, top 30 by resolution.

PDB	Method	Resolution (Å)
7OF0	ELECTRON MICROSCOPY	2.2
7QI4	ELECTRON MICROSCOPY	2.21
8RRI	ELECTRON MICROSCOPY	2.4
8QU5	ELECTRON MICROSCOPY	2.42
9OLF	ELECTRON MICROSCOPY	2.46
7OF7	ELECTRON MICROSCOPY	2.5
7PO4	ELECTRON MICROSCOPY	2.56
6ZM6	ELECTRON MICROSCOPY	2.59
7O9M	ELECTRON MICROSCOPY	2.6
7OF6	ELECTRON MICROSCOPY	2.6
9CN3	ELECTRON MICROSCOPY	2.62
7QI5	ELECTRON MICROSCOPY	2.63
7OF2	ELECTRON MICROSCOPY	2.7
7OF3	ELECTRON MICROSCOPY	2.7
7OF4	ELECTRON MICROSCOPY	2.7
9PR4	ELECTRON MICROSCOPY	2.77
9PRA	ELECTRON MICROSCOPY	2.83
8ANY	ELECTRON MICROSCOPY	2.85
6ZM5	ELECTRON MICROSCOPY	2.89
7QH7	ELECTRON MICROSCOPY	2.89
7ODR	ELECTRON MICROSCOPY	2.9
7OF5	ELECTRON MICROSCOPY	2.9
8K2A	ELECTRON MICROSCOPY	2.9
8OIT	ELECTRON MICROSCOPY	2.9
9PGL	ELECTRON MICROSCOPY	2.9
9PGF	ELECTRON MICROSCOPY	2.93
6VMI	ELECTRON MICROSCOPY	2.96
6VLZ	ELECTRON MICROSCOPY	2.97
7QI6	ELECTRON MICROSCOPY	2.98
9PSM	ELECTRON MICROSCOPY	2.98

Predicted structure (AlphaFold)

Model	pLDDT	Fraction very-high
AF-Q9Y6G3-F1	75.26	0.41

Function

Pathways and Gene Ontology

Reactome pathways

7 pathways

ID	Pathway
R-HSA-5368286	Mitochondrial translation initiation
R-HSA-5389840	Mitochondrial translation elongation
R-HSA-5419276	Mitochondrial translation termination
R-HSA-9937383	Mitochondrial ribosome-associated quality control
R-HSA-392499	Metabolism of proteins
R-HSA-5368287	Mitochondrial translation
R-HSA-72766	Translation

MSigDB gene sets: 182 (showing top): RODRIGUES_THYROID_CARCINOMA_ANAPLASTIC_UP, RODRIGUES_THYROID_CARCINOMA_POORLY_DIFFERENTIATED_UP, STARK_PREFRONTAL_CORTEX_22Q11_DELETION_DN, CHIANG_LIVER_CANCER_SUBCLASS_UNANNOTATED_DN, GRAESSMANN_APOPTOSIS_BY_DOXORUBICIN_DN, GOBP_MITOCHONDRIAL_TRANSLATION, PATIL_LIVER_CANCER, GOBP_TRANSLATION, WEI_MYCN_TARGETS_WITH_E_BOX, ROZANOV_MMP14_TARGETS_UP, GOMF_STRUCTURAL_CONSTITUENT_OF_RIBOSOME, MODULE_206, GOCC_MITOCHONDRIAL_ENVELOPE, DODD_NASOPHARYNGEAL_CARCINOMA_UP, MAYBURD_RESPONSE_TO_L663536_DN

GO Biological Process (2): translation (GO:0006412), mitochondrial translation (GO:0032543)

GO Molecular Function (2): RNA binding (GO:0003723), structural constituent of ribosome (GO:0003735)

GO Cellular Component (8): mitochondrion (GO:0005739), mitochondrial inner membrane (GO:0005743), mitochondrial large ribosomal subunit (GO:0005762), mitochondrial small ribosomal subunit (GO:0005763), plasma membrane (GO:0005886), ribosome (GO:0005840), membrane (GO:0016020), ribonucleoprotein complex (GO:1990904)

Reactome top-level categories

Rollup of top-3 pathways:

Category	Pathways
Mitochondrial translation	4
Translation	1
Metabolism of proteins	1

GO top-level categories

Rollup of top GO terms by namespace:

Category	Terms
mitochondrial ribosome	2
mitochondrial protein-containing complex	2
peptidyltransferase activity	1
translational initiation	1
translational elongation	1
translational termination	1
macromolecule biosynthetic process	1
protein metabolic process	1
protein biosynthetic process	1
mitochondrion	1
translation	1
mitochondrial gene expression	1
nucleic acid binding	1
structural molecule activity	1
ribosome	1
cytoplasm	1
intracellular membrane-bounded organelle	1
organelle inner membrane	1
mitochondrial membrane	1
organellar large ribosomal subunit	1
organellar small ribosomal subunit	1
membrane	1
cell periphery	1
intracellular membraneless organelle	1
cellular anatomical structure	1
protein-containing complex	1

Protein interactions and networks

STRING

1484 interactions, top by confidence (×1000):

Protein A	Protein B	Partner UniProt	Score
MRPL42	KGD4	P82909	630
MRPL42	MRPL37	Q9BZE1	615
MRPL42	DAP3	P51398	589
MRPL42	MRPS18C	Q9Y3D5	587
MRPL42	MRPL41	Q8IXM3	585
MRPL42	MRPL32	Q9BYC8	574
MRPL42	PTCD3	Q96EY7	543
MRPL42	CHCHD1	Q96BP2	525
MRPL42	MRPL47	Q9HD33	494
MRPL42	QRICH2	Q9H0J4	491
MRPL42	MRPS18B	Q9Y676	488
MRPL42	MRPS18A	Q9NVS2	488
MRPL42	EMC4	Q5J8M3	486
MRPL42	MRPL16	Q9NX20	484
MRPL42	MRPL1	Q9BYD6	478

IntAct

65 interactions, top by confidence:

A	B	Type	Score
TEPSIN	AP4M1	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.700
LIN28A	IGF2BP3	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.640
MRPL42	GATC	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
YBX1	IGF2BP3	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
MRPL13	GTPBP10	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
MRPL18	GTPBP10	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
ABT1	ZNF316	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
NDUFAB1	MIEF1	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.490
rev	TMED10	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.460
		psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
ATAD3A	TMEM223	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
RASA1	MYO1C	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
ARPC2		psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
H1-7		psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
S100A2	PLEKHG3	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
FAM120A	GTPBP10	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
MRPL33		psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
MRPL53		psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
MRPL51		psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
MRPL42		psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
MRPL52		psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
RPL37		psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
YBX2		psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
RBMS2	ZNF275	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
PRR3	RBM47	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
MRPL42	UBA6	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
FAHD1	VWA8	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
NEIL1	GTPBP10	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350

BioGRID (344): MRPL42 (Affinity Capture-MS), MRPL42 (Affinity Capture-MS), MRPL42 (Affinity Capture-MS), MRPL42 (Affinity Capture-MS), MRPL42 (Affinity Capture-MS), MRPL42 (Affinity Capture-MS), MRPL42 (Affinity Capture-MS), MRPL42 (Affinity Capture-MS), MRPL42 (Affinity Capture-MS), MRPL42 (Affinity Capture-MS), MRPL42 (Affinity Capture-MS), MRPL42 (Affinity Capture-MS), MRPL42 (Affinity Capture-MS), MRPS30 (Affinity Capture-MS), MRPL50 (Affinity Capture-MS)

ESM2 similar proteins: A3KP48, A8WGU8, O09111, O43674, O95169, O95178, P0C2B7, P0C2B9, P0CB69, P0CB70, P0CB85, P0CB86, P82649, P82927, P83565, Q02372, Q02380, Q0MQC7, Q0MQC9, Q0MQD6, Q0MQD7, Q0MQD8, Q0MQE6, Q0MQE7, Q0MQF5, Q0MQJ3, Q0MQJ4, Q0MQJ5, Q29259, Q2NKR7, Q4G0I0, Q4QQV3, Q4R4E0, Q5R4S3, Q5R504, Q5RFR4, Q6DQX6, Q6RUT7, Q8HXG5, Q96A26

Diamond homologs: P0C2B9, P82927, Q5R4S3, Q9CPV3, Q9Y6G3

SIGNOR signaling

1 interactions.

A	Effect	B	Mechanism
MRPL42	“form complex”	“39S mitochondrial large ribosomal subunit”	binding

Enriched among interaction partners

Reactome pathways and GO biological processes over-represented among this gene’s 66 IntAct physical interaction partners (hypergeometric vs the genome-wide background, BH-FDR, gene-set size 15–500, ranked by fold). A functional readout of the neighbourhood — distinct from this gene’s own memberships above, and biased toward well-studied / hub proteins, so read it as themes rather than proof.

Reactome pathways:

Pathway	Partners	Fold	FDR
Mitochondrial ribosome-associated quality control	18	50.2×	6e-25
Mitochondrial translation	15	46.9×	1e-20
Mitochondrial translation initiation	16	46.1×	1e-21
Mitochondrial translation elongation	16	46.1×	1e-21
Mitochondrial translation termination	16	39.9×	9e-21
Translation	15	21.2×	3e-15

GO biological processes:

GO term	Partners	Fold	FDR
mitochondrial translation	17	50.1×	1e-22
translation	11	19.2×	1e-09
negative regulation of translation	5	16.6×	1e-03

Disease & clinical

Clinical variants and AI predictions

ClinVar

32 variants total. Per-class counts are floors (≥ shown; pagination cap):

Classification	Count (floor)
Pathogenic	1
Likely pathogenic	0
Uncertain significance	21
Likely benign	0
Benign	0

Top pathogenic / likely-pathogenic (1)

Variant ID	HGVS	Classification
4071942	NM_014050.4(MRPL42):c.219+6T>A	Pathogenic

SpliceAI

1416 predictions. Top by Δscore:

Variant	Effect	Δscore
12:93467551:CAAG:C	donor_loss	1.0000
12:93467552:AAGGT:A	donor_loss	1.0000
12:93467553:AG:A	donor_loss	1.0000
12:93467555:GT:G	donor_loss	1.0000
12:93469356:G:GG	donor_gain	1.0000
12:93476940:T:TA	acceptor_gain	1.0000
12:93476941:G:A	acceptor_gain	1.0000
12:93479469:AAAAG:A	donor_loss	1.0000
12:93479470:AAA:A	donor_gain	1.0000
12:93479471:AAG:A	donor_loss	1.0000
12:93479472:AGTA:A	donor_loss	1.0000
12:93479473:G:A	donor_loss	1.0000
12:93479473:G:GG	donor_gain	1.0000
12:93479474:T:A	donor_loss	1.0000
12:93487483:T:A	acceptor_gain	1.0000
12:93487495:A:AG	acceptor_gain	1.0000
12:93487496:G:GT	acceptor_gain	1.0000
12:93487496:GC:G	acceptor_gain	1.0000
12:93487496:GCC:G	acceptor_gain	1.0000
12:93487496:GCCT:G	acceptor_gain	1.0000
12:93487496:GCCTA:G	acceptor_gain	1.0000
12:93487656:GGACG:G	donor_gain	1.0000
12:93487657:GACG:G	donor_gain	1.0000
12:93487657:GACGG:G	donor_gain	1.0000
12:93487658:ACG:A	donor_gain	1.0000
12:93487659:CG:C	donor_gain	1.0000
12:93487660:GG:G	donor_gain	1.0000
12:93487661:G:GA	donor_loss	1.0000
12:93487661:G:GG	donor_gain	1.0000
12:93501297:G:GG	donor_gain	1.0000

AlphaMissense

0 scored. Top likely-pathogenic:

dbSNP variants (sampled 300 via entrez): RS1000150608 (12:93497163 T>C), RS1000161991 (12:93497363 A>T), RS1000194108 (12:93489076 TAATG>T), RS1000308793 (12:93513905 C>G), RS1000322548 (12:93495931 TAAA>T), RS1000428127 (12:93489473 A>C,G), RS1000438770 (12:93495742 G>A,C), RS1000458052 (12:93505047 C>T), RS1000508935 (12:93467513 G>A), RS1000515893 (12:93483523 T>G), RS1000683140 (12:93471782 G>A), RS1000731298 (12:93509149 C>T), RS1000764409 (12:93489695 T>C), RS1000902483 (12:93472094 G>A), RS1000914406 (12:93515429 G>A,T)

Disease associations

OMIM: gene MIM:611847 | disease phenotypes:

GenCC curated gene-disease

Disease	Classification	Inheritance
complex neurodevelopmental disorder	Limited	Autosomal recessive

Mondo (1): complex neurodevelopmental disorder (MONDO:0100038)

Orphanet (0):

HPO phenotypes

0 total (0 of 0 shown, HPO-id order):

GWAS associations

3 associations (top):

Study	Trait	p-value
GCST000175_22	Height	2.000000e-07
GCST005723_3	Peanut allergy (maternal genetic effects)	9.000000e-06
GCST005991_19	Platelet count	2.000000e-08

EFO canonical traits (3, from GWAS)

EFO ID	Trait name
EFO:0005939	parental genotype effect measurement
EFO:0007017	peanut allergy measurement
EFO:0004309	platelet count

Drugs & pharmacology

Drug and pharmacology data

Is drug target: no

PharmGKB: 1 entry (VIP=true, CPIC=false)

CTD chemical–gene interactions

33 total (human), top 30 by PubMed support.

Chemical	Actions (top 5)	PubMed papers
Air Pollutants	affects cotreatment, decreases expression, increases abundance, affects expression	3
Valproic Acid	affects expression, decreases expression	3
sodium arsenite	decreases expression	2
Ozone	affects cotreatment, decreases expression, increases abundance, affects expression	2
Tretinoin	decreases expression	2
dicrotophos	decreases expression	1
alpha-pinene	affects cotreatment, decreases expression, increases abundance	1
bisphenol A	decreases expression	1
beta-lapachone	increases expression	1
arsenite	increases reaction, affects binding	1
cobaltous chloride	decreases expression	1
perfluorooctanoic acid	decreases expression	1
methacrylaldehyde	affects cotreatment, decreases expression, increases abundance	1
beta-methylcholine	affects expression	1
di-n-butylphosphoric acid	affects expression	1
cylindrospermopsin	increases expression	1
CGP 52608	affects binding, increases reaction	1
K 7174	decreases expression	1
jinfukang	decreases expression	1
Temozolomide	increases expression	1
Arsenic Trioxide	decreases expression	1
Acetaminophen	decreases expression	1
Acrolein	affects cotreatment, decreases expression, increases abundance	1
Atrazine	decreases expression	1
Dimethyl Sulfoxide	decreases expression	1
Hydrogen Peroxide	affects expression	1
Methyl Methanesulfonate	decreases expression	1
Ribonucleotides	affects binding	1
Tunicamycin	decreases expression	1
Aflatoxin B1	increases expression	1

Clinical trials (associated diseases)

2 trials via MONDO — disease-level, not drug-specific.

Trial	Phase	Status	Title
NCT06310681	Not specified	COMPLETED	Pilot Testing of a Co-adapted Group Programme for Parents/Carers of Children With Complex Neurodisability
NCT07303049	Not specified	NOT_YET_RECRUITING	Cognitive Benefit of Intensive Rehabilitation Using Rhythmic Music Training in Children With Complex Neurodevelopmental Disorder