MRPS15

Summary

MRPS15 (mitochondrial ribosomal protein S15, HGNC:14504) is a protein-coding gene on chromosome 1p34.3, encoding Small ribosomal subunit protein uS15m (P82914). It is a selective cancer dependency (DepMap: 17.7% of cell lines).

Mammalian mitochondrial ribosomal proteins are encoded by nuclear genes and help in protein synthesis within the mitochondrion. Mitochondrial ribosomes (mitoribosomes) consist of a small 28S subunit and a large 39S subunit. They have an estimated 75% protein to rRNA composition compared to prokaryotic ribosomes, where this ratio is reversed. Another difference between mammalian mitoribosomes and prokaryotic ribosomes is that the latter contain a 5S rRNA. Among different species, the proteins comprising the mitoribosome differ greatly in sequence, and sometimes in biochemical properties, which prevents easy recognition by sequence homology. This gene encodes a 28S subunit protein that belongs to the ribosomal protein S15P family. The encoded protein is more than two times the size of its E. coli counterpart, with the 12S rRNA binding sites conserved. Between human and mouse, the encoded protein is the least conserved among small subunit ribosomal proteins. Pseudogenes corresponding to this gene are found on chromosomes 15q and 19q.

Source: NCBI Gene 64960 — RefSeq curated summary.

At a glance

• GWAS associations: 3
• Clinical variants (ClinVar): 55 total
• Cancer dependency (DepMap): dependent in 17.7% of screened cell lines
• MANE Select transcript: NM_031280

Identifiers

Gene identifiers

Field	Value
HGNC ID	HGNC:14504
Approved symbol	MRPS15
Name	mitochondrial ribosomal protein S15
Location	1p34.3
Locus type	gene with protein product
Status	Approved
Aliases	FLJ11564, uS15m
Ensembl gene	ENSG00000116898
Ensembl biotype	protein_coding
OMIM	611979
Entrez	64960

Gene structure

Transcript identifiers

Ensembl transcripts: 14 — 11 protein_coding, 3 protein_coding_CDS_not_defined

ENST00000373116, ENST00000462067, ENST00000477040, ENST00000488606, ENST00000869082, ENST00000869083, ENST00000869084, ENST00000869085, ENST00000917996, ENST00000917997, ENST00000917998, ENST00000917999, ENST00000918000, ENST00000918001

RefSeq mRNA: 1 — MANE Select: NM_031280 NM_031280

CCDS: CCDS411

Canonical transcript exons

ENST00000373116 — 8 exons

Exon	Start	End
ENSE00000861263	36457923	36457981
ENSE00000861264	36460692	36460776
ENSE00000861265	36461264	36461312
ENSE00001079185	36463806	36463850
ENSE00001200598	36462088	36462163
ENSE00001459541	36464146	36464384
ENSE00001850729	36455718	36455925
ENSE00003477723	36456187	36456378

Expression profiles

Bgee: expression breadth ubiquitous, 283 present calls, max score 99.21.

FANTOM5 (CAGE): breadth ubiquitous, TPM avg 68.8544 / max 414.3116, expressed in 1826 samples.

FANTOM5 promoters (6 alternative TSS)

Promoter ID	TPM avg	Samples expressed
11740	61.5298	1824
11739	3.8109	1612
11741	2.5984	1395
11734	0.6169	312
11738	0.2223	91
11733	0.0762	14

Top tissues by expression

288 total, by Bgee expression score (0-100, higher = more expressed):

Tissue	Anatomy ID	Expression score	Quality
biceps brachii	UBERON:0001507	99.21	gold quality
skeletal muscle tissue of rectus abdominis	UBERON:0004511	99.17	gold quality
skeletal muscle tissue of biceps brachii	UBERON:0004502	99.12	gold quality
body of tongue	UBERON:0011876	99.11	gold quality
sperm	CL:0000019	98.88	gold quality
lateral nuclear group of thalamus	UBERON:0002736	98.80	gold quality
heart right ventricle	UBERON:0002080	98.79	gold quality
parotid gland	UBERON:0001831	98.68	gold quality
gingival epithelium	UBERON:0001949	98.66	gold quality
left testis	UBERON:0004533	98.64	gold quality
adult organism	UBERON:0007023	98.57	gold quality
right testis	UBERON:0004534	98.51	gold quality
pharyngeal mucosa	UBERON:0000355	98.48	gold quality
gingiva	UBERON:0001828	98.46	gold quality
mammalian vulva	UBERON:0000997	98.45	gold quality
hindlimb stylopod muscle	UBERON:0004252	98.43	gold quality
superior surface of tongue	UBERON:0007371	98.26	gold quality
substantia nigra pars compacta	UBERON:0001965	98.24	gold quality
vena cava	UBERON:0004087	98.19	gold quality
gastrocnemius	UBERON:0001388	98.18	gold quality
pericardium	UBERON:0002407	98.18	gold quality
pons	UBERON:0000988	98.05	gold quality
muscle of leg	UBERON:0001383	97.99	gold quality
cardia of stomach	UBERON:0001162	97.98	gold quality
substantia nigra pars reticulata	UBERON:0001966	97.89	gold quality
apex of heart	UBERON:0002098	97.88	gold quality
renal medulla	UBERON:0000362	97.74	gold quality
muscle organ	UBERON:0001630	97.74	gold quality
lateral globus pallidus	UBERON:0002476	97.65	gold quality
pylorus	UBERON:0001166	97.62	gold quality

Single-cell (SCXA)

Detected in 2 experiment(s), a significant marker in 1.

Experiment	Marker?	Max mean expression
E-ANND-3	yes	15.79
E-HCAD-5	no	2.23

Regulation

Is transcription factor: no

Functional genomics

DepMap (CRISPR cell-line fitness): dependent in 17.7% of screened cell lines.

Literature-anchored findings (GeneRIF, showing 1)

• Mitochondrial Ribosomal Protein MRPS15 Is a Component of Cytosolic Ribosomes and Regulates Translation in Stressed Cardiomyocytes. (PMID:38542224)

Cross-species orthologs

5 orthologs

Organism	Symbol	Gene ID
danio_rerio	mrps15	ENSDARG00000109289
mus_musculus	Mrps15	ENSMUSG00000028861
rattus_norvegicus	Mrps15	ENSRNOG00000008279
drosophila_melanogaster	bonsai	FBGN0026261
caenorhabditis_elegans	mrps-15	WBGENE00010624

Protein

Protein identifiers

Small ribosomal subunit protein uS15m — P82914 (reviewed: P82914)

Alternative names: 28S ribosomal protein S15, mitochondrial

All UniProt accessions (1): P82914

UniProt curated annotations — full annotation on UniProt →

Subunit / interactions. Component of the mitochondrial small ribosomal subunit (mt-SSU). Mature mammalian 55S mitochondrial ribosomes consist of a small (28S) and a large (39S) subunit. The 28S small subunit contains a 12S ribosomal RNA (12S mt-rRNA) and 30 different proteins. The 39S large subunit contains a 16S rRNA (16S mt-rRNA), a copy of mitochondrial valine transfer RNA (mt-tRNA(Val)), which plays an integral structural role, and 52 different proteins. Interacts with METTL17.

Subcellular location. Mitochondrion matrix.

Similarity. Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uS15 family.

RefSeq proteins (1): NP_112570* (*=MANE)

Domains & families (InterPro)

ID	Name	Type
IPR000589	Ribosomal_uS15	Family
IPR005290	Ribosomal_uS15_bact	Family
IPR009068	uS15_NS1_RNA-bd_sf	Homologous_superfamily
IPR052137	uS15_ribosomal	Family

Pfam: PF00312

UniProt features (14 total): helix 9, transit peptide 1, chain 1, region of interest 1, sequence conflict 1, strand 1

Structure

Experimental structures (PDB)

77 structures, top 30 by resolution.

PDB	Method	Resolution (Å)
7QI4	ELECTRON MICROSCOPY	2.21
8CSS	ELECTRON MICROSCOPY	2.36
7P2E	ELECTRON MICROSCOPY	2.4
8RRI	ELECTRON MICROSCOPY	2.4
9OLF	ELECTRON MICROSCOPY	2.46
9OJM	ELECTRON MICROSCOPY	2.5
8CSQ	ELECTRON MICROSCOPY	2.54
8CSR	ELECTRON MICROSCOPY	2.54
6ZM6	ELECTRON MICROSCOPY	2.59
7QI5	ELECTRON MICROSCOPY	2.63
8CSP	ELECTRON MICROSCOPY	2.66
7PNX	ELECTRON MICROSCOPY	2.76
8ANY	ELECTRON MICROSCOPY	2.85
8CST	ELECTRON MICROSCOPY	2.85
6ZM5	ELECTRON MICROSCOPY	2.89
7PO0	ELECTRON MICROSCOPY	2.9
8K2A	ELECTRON MICROSCOPY	2.9
9PGL	ELECTRON MICROSCOPY	2.9
7PO1	ELECTRON MICROSCOPY	2.92
7PO3	ELECTRON MICROSCOPY	2.92
9PGF	ELECTRON MICROSCOPY	2.93
6VMI	ELECTRON MICROSCOPY	2.96
6RW4	ELECTRON MICROSCOPY	2.97
6VLZ	ELECTRON MICROSCOPY	2.97
7QI6	ELECTRON MICROSCOPY	2.98
8QRN	ELECTRON MICROSCOPY	2.98
9PSM	ELECTRON MICROSCOPY	2.98
8OIS	ELECTRON MICROSCOPY	3
9G5C	ELECTRON MICROSCOPY	3
9G5D	ELECTRON MICROSCOPY	3

Predicted structure (AlphaFold)

Model	pLDDT	Fraction very-high
AF-P82914-F1	79.29	0.65

Function

Pathways and Gene Ontology

Reactome pathways

7 pathways

ID	Pathway
R-HSA-5368286	Mitochondrial translation initiation
R-HSA-5389840	Mitochondrial translation elongation
R-HSA-5419276	Mitochondrial translation termination
R-HSA-9937383	Mitochondrial ribosome-associated quality control
R-HSA-392499	Metabolism of proteins
R-HSA-5368287	Mitochondrial translation
R-HSA-72766	Translation

MSigDB gene sets: 165 (showing top): LU_IL4_SIGNALING, MODULE_255, GAUSSMANN_MLL_AF4_FUSION_TARGETS_C_UP, GOBP_MITOCHONDRIAL_TRANSLATION, MODULE_317, MONNIER_POSTRADIATION_TUMOR_ESCAPE_UP, GOBP_TRANSLATION, WEI_MYCN_TARGETS_WITH_E_BOX, WANG_LMO4_TARGETS_DN, GOMF_STRUCTURAL_CONSTITUENT_OF_RIBOSOME, chr1p34, GOCC_MITOCHONDRIAL_ENVELOPE, WONG_MITOCHONDRIA_GENE_MODULE, ROSTY_CERVICAL_CANCER_PROLIFERATION_CLUSTER, GOCC_RIBOSOME

GO Biological Process (2): translation (GO:0006412), mitochondrial translation (GO:0032543)

GO Molecular Function (3): RNA binding (GO:0003723), structural constituent of ribosome (GO:0003735), protein binding (GO:0005515)

GO Cellular Component (9): nucleoplasm (GO:0005654), nucleolus (GO:0005730), mitochondrion (GO:0005739), mitochondrial inner membrane (GO:0005743), mitochondrial matrix (GO:0005759), mitochondrial small ribosomal subunit (GO:0005763), mitochondrial ribosome (GO:0005761), ribosome (GO:0005840), ribonucleoprotein complex (GO:1990904)

Reactome top-level categories

Rollup of top-3 pathways:

Category	Pathways
Mitochondrial translation	4
Translation	1
Metabolism of proteins	1

GO top-level categories

Rollup of top GO terms by namespace:

Category	Terms
mitochondrion	2
nuclear lumen	2
intracellular membraneless organelle	2
peptidyltransferase activity	1
translational initiation	1
translational elongation	1
translational termination	1
macromolecule biosynthetic process	1
protein metabolic process	1
protein biosynthetic process	1
translation	1
mitochondrial gene expression	1
nucleic acid binding	1
structural molecule activity	1
ribosome	1
binding	1
cellular anatomical structure	1
cytoplasm	1
intracellular membrane-bounded organelle	1
organelle inner membrane	1
mitochondrial membrane	1
intracellular organelle lumen	1
organellar small ribosomal subunit	1
mitochondrial ribosome	1
mitochondrial protein-containing complex	1
organellar ribosome	1
mitochondrial matrix	1
protein-containing complex	1

Protein interactions and networks

STRING

4410 interactions, top by confidence (×1000):

Protein A	Protein B	Partner UniProt	Score
MRPS15	MRPL13	Q9BYD1	666
MRPS15	MRPS16	Q9Y3D3	591
MRPS15	MRPS21	P82921	588
MRPS15	MRPS5	P82675	574
MRPS15	MRPS7	Q9Y2R9	573
MRPS15	MRPL11	Q9Y3B7	568
MRPS15	MRPS11	P82912	559
MRPS15	MRPS9	P82933	558
MRPS15	MRPL34	Q9BQ48	535
MRPS15	MRPL20	Q9BYC9	534
MRPS15	MRPL21	Q7Z2W9	534
MRPS15	MRPS10	P82664	531
MRPS15	RPS9	P46781	522
MRPS15	MRPL12	P52815	521
MRPS15	MRPL24	Q96A35	516

IntAct

145 interactions, top by confidence:

A	B	Type	Score
MRPS27	MRPS15	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.740
MRPS27	MRPS15	psi-mi:“MI:0403”(colocalization)	0.740
CFTR	ESYT2	psi-mi:“MI:2364”(proximity)	0.710
ESR1	TRIM24	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.640
LIN28A	IGF2BP3	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.640
MRPS15	PTCD3	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
NP	KPNA6	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.550
RPS6	IPO7	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
MRPS24	ZZEF1	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
MRPS15	MRPS14	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
TRMT10B	MRPS14	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
TMA16	TNPO2	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
MRPS18B	MRPS14	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
MRPS34	ZZEF1	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
MRPS18C	MRPS14	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
ZFC3H1	HNRNPCL1	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
MRPS15	PRKACG	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
MRPS34	MRPS12	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
MRPS11	MRPS14	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
ABT1	ZNF316	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
AURKAIP1	NRDC	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.480
ESR2	FBLL1	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.460
EXOC8	MRPS15	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.400
REXO1L1P	MRPS15	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.400
MRPS15	H1-1	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.400

BioGRID (218): MRPS15 (Affinity Capture-MS), MRPS15 (Affinity Capture-MS), MRPS15 (Affinity Capture-MS), MRPS15 (Affinity Capture-MS), MRPS15 (Affinity Capture-MS), MRPS15 (Affinity Capture-MS), MRPS15 (Affinity Capture-MS), MRPS15 (Affinity Capture-MS), MRPS15 (Affinity Capture-MS), MRPS15 (Affinity Capture-MS), MRPS15 (Affinity Capture-MS), MRPS15 (Affinity Capture-MS), MRPS15 (Affinity Capture-MS), MRPS15 (Affinity Capture-MS), MRPS15 (Affinity Capture-MS)

ESM2 similar proteins: A0A1D8PF11, A1ZAB5, A8PJX4, B0W2S0, B2GUB3, B3MB79, B3MIW0, B4KT50, B4LQ23, B4P6P7, F4HR03, F7AEX0, G1STW0, O13672, O57592, O76732, P03373, P0DJ14, P0DKK7, P12970, P17076, P29453, P32429, P35685, P46223, P49692, P62424, P62425, P82914, Q17N71, Q1LUC3, Q2TBQ5, Q3TPE9, Q3UFY4, Q4R5C2, Q54ZD1, Q5ANA1, Q5XI37, Q5ZMD2, Q7PZD5

Diamond homologs: A0RPX5, A1R0M9, A1VZL9, A3N113, A4XL65, A5I4I8, A5IMM9, A5IY18, A5N847, A5UC84, A5UEY4, A6LJ39, A6LSQ9, A6VQB6, A6W814, A7FVY8, A7GG01, A7GXT2, A7H3P9, A7H9F7, A7I1V7, A7ZEC8, A8F724, A8FLT4, A9BH72, A9KNL0, B0BPU4, B0SH21, B0SQH7, B0T174, B0THS1, B0USL5, B1HR10, B1II44, B1KWK2, B1LBY1, B1ZS99, B2A3A2, B2S1E8, B2S4C4

SIGNOR signaling

1 interactions.

A	Effect	B	Mechanism
MRPS15	“form complex”	“28S mitochondrial small ribosomal subunit”	binding

Enriched among interaction partners

Reactome pathways and GO biological processes over-represented among this gene’s 166 IntAct physical interaction partners (hypergeometric vs the genome-wide background, BH-FDR, gene-set size 15–500, ranked by fold). A functional readout of the neighbourhood — distinct from this gene’s own memberships above, and biased toward well-studied / hub proteins, so read it as themes rather than proof.

Reactome pathways:

Pathway	Partners	Fold	FDR
Mitochondrial translation initiation	20	22.7×	1e-19
Mitochondrial translation elongation	20	22.7×	1e-19
Mitochondrial translation	18	22.1×	9e-18
Mitochondrial ribosome-associated quality control	20	21.9×	1e-19
Mitochondrial translation termination	20	19.6×	1e-18
Translation	21	11.6×	6e-15
Signaling by ROBO receptors	7	7.8×	2e-03
Metabolism of RNA	11	4.1×	5e-03

GO biological processes:

GO term	Partners	Fold	FDR
mitochondrial translation	20	24.0×	2e-19
translation	16	11.3×	4e-10
RNA processing	7	10.6×	1e-03

Disease & clinical

Clinical variants and AI predictions

ClinVar

55 variants total. Per-class counts are floors (≥ shown; pagination cap):

Classification	Count (floor)
Pathogenic	0
Likely pathogenic	0
Uncertain significance	35
Likely benign	5
Benign	0

Top pathogenic / likely-pathogenic (0)

SpliceAI

1117 predictions. Top by Δscore:

Variant	Effect	Δscore
1:36455926:C:CA	acceptor_loss	1.0000
1:36455926:C:CC	acceptor_gain	1.0000
1:36455932:A:AC	acceptor_gain	1.0000
1:36455932:A:C	acceptor_gain	1.0000
1:36456204:T:TA	donor_gain	1.0000
1:36456374:TTGTC:T	acceptor_gain	1.0000
1:36456375:TGTC:T	acceptor_gain	1.0000
1:36456376:GTC:G	acceptor_gain	1.0000
1:36456376:GTCCT:G	acceptor_loss	1.0000
1:36456377:TC:T	acceptor_gain	1.0000
1:36456377:TCCTG:T	acceptor_loss	1.0000
1:36456378:CC:C	acceptor_gain	1.0000
1:36456378:CCT:C	acceptor_loss	1.0000
1:36456379:C:CC	acceptor_gain	1.0000
1:36456379:C:CG	acceptor_loss	1.0000
1:36456380:T:A	acceptor_loss	1.0000
1:36457919:TTAC:T	donor_loss	1.0000
1:36457920:TACC:T	donor_loss	1.0000
1:36457922:CC:C	donor_loss	1.0000
1:36457979:TAA:T	acceptor_gain	1.0000
1:36457982:C:CC	acceptor_gain	1.0000
1:36460700:T:TA	donor_gain	1.0000
1:36460772:TCCTT:T	acceptor_gain	1.0000
1:36460773:CCTTC:C	acceptor_gain	1.0000
1:36460774:CTT:C	acceptor_gain	1.0000
1:36460775:TT:T	acceptor_gain	1.0000
1:36460775:TTC:T	acceptor_loss	1.0000
1:36460776:TCT:T	acceptor_loss	1.0000
1:36460777:C:CA	acceptor_loss	1.0000
1:36460777:C:CC	acceptor_gain	1.0000

AlphaMissense

1670 scored. Top likely-pathogenic:

Variant	Protein change	am_pathogenicity
1:36456289:A:C	F178L	0.977
1:36456289:A:T	F178L	0.977
1:36456291:A:G	F178L	0.977
1:36456334:C:A	R163S	0.965
1:36456334:C:G	R163S	0.965
1:36456311:C:G	R171P	0.957
1:36456312:G:T	R171S	0.956
1:36456362:C:G	R154P	0.948
1:36456205:C:A	K206N	0.945
1:36456205:C:G	K206N	0.945
1:36456376:G:C	D149E	0.944
1:36456376:G:T	D149E	0.944
1:36455920:G:C	F214L	0.941
1:36455920:G:T	F214L	0.941
1:36455922:A:G	F214L	0.941
1:36456314:A:G	L170P	0.939
1:36456364:T:A	K153N	0.933
1:36456364:T:G	K153N	0.933
1:36456356:A:G	L156P	0.931
1:36456378:C:G	D149H	0.926
1:36457960:A:G	I136T	0.915
1:36456377:T:G	D149A	0.913
1:36460694:C:G	R128P	0.911
1:36456323:A:T	L167H	0.909
1:36456335:C:G	R163T	0.906
1:36456323:A:G	L167P	0.902
1:36456277:G:C	C182W	0.899
1:36456338:T:G	Q162P	0.899
1:36456290:A:C	F178C	0.889
1:36456363:G:T	R154S	0.887

dbSNP variants (sampled 300 via entrez): RS1000266823 (1:36460209 G>A,T), RS1000790562 (1:36465679 T>C), RS1000799319 (1:36461658 C>A), RS1001065410 (1:36455495 C>T), RS1001395682 (1:36460042 G>A), RS1001529972 (1:36459720 A>G), RS1001738640 (1:36465436 G>A), RS1003070903 (1:36458370 A>T), RS1003239783 (1:36465128 T>C), RS1003277832 (1:36464237 C>G), RS1003413506 (1:36459267 G>A,T), RS1003822981 (1:36463887 A>C), RS1004402157 (1:36463828 G>A), RS1004466467 (1:36463421 TG>T), RS1004538364 (1:36463666 A>C)

Disease associations

OMIM: gene MIM:611979 | disease phenotypes:

GenCC curated gene-disease

Mondo (0):

Orphanet (0):

HPO phenotypes

0 total (0 of 0 shown, HPO-id order):

GWAS associations

3 associations (top):

Study	Trait	p-value
GCST001017_4	Diabetic retinopathy	4.000000e-06
GCST007007_1	Cerebrospinal fluid t-tau levels	2.000000e-06
GCST007008_1	Cerebrospinal fluid p-tau levels	5.000000e-07

EFO canonical traits (2, from GWAS)

EFO ID	Trait name
EFO:0004760	t-tau measurement
EFO:0004763	p-tau measurement

Drugs & pharmacology

Drug and pharmacology data

Is drug target: no

PharmGKB: 1 entry (VIP=true, CPIC=false)

CTD chemical–gene interactions

24 total (human), top 24 by PubMed support.

Chemical	Actions (top 5)	PubMed papers
bisphenol A	decreases expression	2
Acetaminophen	affects cotreatment, decreases expression	2
FR900359	decreases phosphorylation	1
TAK-243	increases sumoylation	1
triphenyl phosphate	affects expression	1
arsenite	affects binding, increases reaction	1
di-n-butylphosphoric acid	affects expression	1
perfluorooctane sulfonic acid	increases expression	1
chloropicrin	increases expression	1
perfluoro-n-nonanoic acid	increases expression	1
bisphenol S	increases expression	1
(+)-JQ1 compound	decreases expression	1
bisphenol AF	increases expression	1
Benzo(a)pyrene	affects methylation	1
Formaldehyde	decreases expression	1
Lipopolysaccharides	affects cotreatment, decreases expression	1
Ribonucleotides	affects binding	1
Smoke	decreases expression	1
Tobacco Smoke Pollution	increases expression	1
Urethane	decreases expression	1
7,8-Dihydro-7,8-dihydroxybenzo(a)pyrene 9,10-oxide	increases expression	1
Paclitaxel	affects response to substance	1
Sodium Selenite	increases expression	1
Lactic Acid	decreases expression	1

Clinical trials (associated diseases)

0 trials via MONDO — disease-level, not drug-specific.