MRS2

Summary

MRS2 (magnesium transporter MRS2, HGNC:13785) is a protein-coding gene on chromosome 6p22.3, encoding Magnesium transporter MRS2 homolog, mitochondrial (Q9HD23). Magnesium transporter that mediates the influx of magnesium into the mitochondrial matrix and regulates magnesium metabolism.

Enables magnesium ion transmembrane transporter activity. Involved in mitochondrial magnesium ion transmembrane transport. Located in mitochondrion.

Source: NCBI Gene 57380 — RefSeq curated summary.

At a glance

• Clinical variants (ClinVar): 88 total
• MANE Select transcript: NM_020662

Identifiers

Gene identifiers

Field	Value
HGNC ID	HGNC:13785
Approved symbol	MRS2
Name	magnesium transporter MRS2
Location	6p22.3
Locus type	gene with protein product
Status	Approved
Ensembl gene	ENSG00000124532
Ensembl biotype	protein_coding
OMIM	619307
Entrez	57380

Gene structure

Transcript identifiers

Ensembl transcripts: 13 — 12 protein_coding, 1 protein_coding_CDS_not_defined

ENST00000274747, ENST00000378353, ENST00000378386, ENST00000443868, ENST00000446191, ENST00000483634, ENST00000873842, ENST00000873843, ENST00000873844, ENST00000873845, ENST00000873846, ENST00000928434, ENST00000951153

RefSeq mRNA: 4 — MANE Select: NM_020662 NM_001286264, NM_001286265, NM_001286266, NM_020662

CCDS: CCDS4552, CCDS69055, CCDS69056, CCDS75408

Canonical transcript exons

ENST00000378386 — 11 exons

Exon	Start	End
ENSE00001891447	24423584	24426190
ENSE00003467310	24409461	24409573
ENSE00003490084	24415033	24415163
ENSE00003589496	24408408	24408444
ENSE00003611268	24416397	24416513
ENSE00003627392	24418084	24418236
ENSE00003674813	24405168	24405241
ENSE00003735277	24418461	24418578
ENSE00003749210	24422937	24423050
ENSE00003751839	24412222	24412395
ENSE00003901383	24402936	24403236

Expression profiles

Bgee: expression breadth ubiquitous, 285 present calls, max score 91.76.

FANTOM5 (CAGE): breadth ubiquitous, TPM avg 44.6026 / max 568.0897, expressed in 1822 samples.

FANTOM5 promoters (1 alternative TSS)

Promoter ID	TPM avg	Samples expressed
66382	44.6026	1822

Top tissues by expression

297 total, by Bgee expression score (0-100, higher = more expressed):

Tissue	Anatomy ID	Expression score	Quality
biceps brachii	UBERON:0001507	91.76	gold quality
skeletal muscle tissue of biceps brachii	UBERON:0004502	90.65	gold quality
gastrocnemius	UBERON:0001388	90.27	gold quality
heart left ventricle	UBERON:0002084	90.16	gold quality
muscle of leg	UBERON:0001383	90.14	gold quality
cardiac ventricle	UBERON:0002082	90.01	gold quality
heart right ventricle	UBERON:0002080	89.82	gold quality
hindlimb stylopod muscle	UBERON:0004252	89.47	gold quality
right atrium auricular region	UBERON:0006631	89.13	gold quality
cerebellar hemisphere	UBERON:0002245	88.75	gold quality
right hemisphere of cerebellum	UBERON:0014890	88.62	gold quality
cerebellar cortex	UBERON:0002129	88.59	gold quality
muscle organ	UBERON:0001630	88.55	gold quality
skeletal muscle organ	UBERON:0014892	88.55	gold quality
heart	UBERON:0000948	88.30	gold quality
apex of heart	UBERON:0002098	88.21	gold quality
right adrenal gland cortex	UBERON:0035827	88.07	gold quality
primordial germ cell in gonad	CL:0000670 ∩ UBERON:0000991	87.91	gold quality
body of pancreas	UBERON:0001150	87.86	gold quality
right adrenal gland	UBERON:0001233	87.32	gold quality
cardiac atrium	UBERON:0002081	87.11	gold quality
rectum	UBERON:0001052	86.83	gold quality
cerebellum	UBERON:0002037	86.73	gold quality
left adrenal gland	UBERON:0001234	86.69	gold quality
secondary oocyte	CL:0000655	86.40	gold quality
endothelial cell	CL:0000115	86.38	silver quality
triceps brachii	UBERON:0001509	86.38	silver quality
left adrenal gland cortex	UBERON:0035825	86.32	gold quality
pancreas	UBERON:0001264	86.11	gold quality
skeletal muscle tissue	UBERON:0001134	85.91	gold quality

Single-cell (SCXA)

Detected in 2 experiment(s), a significant marker in 2.

Experiment	Marker?	Max mean expression
E-MTAB-8271	yes	7.28
E-ANND-3	yes	5.46

Regulation

Is transcription factor: no

miRNA regulators (miRDB)

139 targeting MRS2, top 30 by miRDB confidence (max_score; target_count = how many genes the miRNA targets in total — lower means more specific):

miRNA	Max score	Avg score	miRNA target_count
HSA-MIR-3163	100.00	77.23	8605
HSA-MIR-4795-3P	100.00	74.62	4024
HSA-MIR-3924	100.00	72.09	2394
HSA-MIR-3613-3P	100.00	76.36	7965
HSA-MIR-196A-5P	100.00	68.16	684
HSA-MIR-196B-5P	100.00	68.16	681
HSA-MIR-126-5P	100.00	72.71	3180
HSA-MIR-5692A	100.00	74.40	6850
HSA-MIR-4500	99.99	72.72	2367
HSA-MIR-548C-3P	99.99	74.01	7587
HSA-LET-7A-5P	99.98	72.29	1790
HSA-LET-7B-5P	99.98	72.31	1790
HSA-LET-7C-5P	99.98	72.29	1790
HSA-LET-7E-5P	99.98	72.29	1790
HSA-LET-7F-5P	99.98	72.56	1784
HSA-LET-7G-5P	99.98	72.37	1784
HSA-LET-7I-5P	99.98	72.37	1788
HSA-MIR-98-5P	99.98	72.33	1787
HSA-MIR-520D-5P	99.98	73.34	4883
HSA-MIR-524-5P	99.98	73.43	4882
HSA-MIR-568	99.98	69.86	2084
HSA-MIR-27A-3P	99.98	72.13	2955
HSA-MIR-27B-3P	99.98	72.13	2955
HSA-MIR-9985	99.98	72.11	2939
HSA-MIR-146A-5P	99.96	68.93	988
HSA-MIR-146B-5P	99.96	69.13	977
HSA-LET-7D-5P	99.96	71.76	1632
HSA-MIR-4458	99.96	71.64	1650
HSA-MIR-302E	99.96	70.74	2669
HSA-MIR-4666A-3P	99.96	71.71	3434

Literature-anchored findings (GeneRIF, showing 9)

• hMrs2 is the major transport protein for Mg (+) uptake into mitochondria and that expression of hMrs2 is essential for the maintenance of respiratory complex I and cell viability. (PMID:18384665)
• By enhanced hsaMrs2p expression, p27 was downregulated whereas cyclinD1 was upregulatedin gastric cancer. (PMID:19242098)
• Multidrug resistance phenotypes is related to MRS2 mitochondrial magnesium channel. (PMID:19270501)
• The results indicate regulation of mitochondrial Mg(2+) via MRS2 critically decides cellular energy status and cell vulnerability via regulation of mitochondrial Mg(2+) level in response to physiological stimuli. (PMID:27458051)
• The human MRS2 magnesium-binding domain is a regulatory feedback switch for channel activity. (PMID:36754568)
• Molecular basis of Mg[2+] permeation through the human mitochondrial Mrs2 channel. (PMID:37543649)
• Cryo-EM structures of human magnesium channel MRS2 reveal gating and regulatory mechanisms. (PMID:37938562)
• Mrs2-mediated mitochondrial magnesium uptake is essential for the regulation of MCU-mediated mitochondrial Ca[2+] uptake and viability. (PMID:38599304)
• MRS2 missense variation at Asp216 abrogates inhibitory Mg[2+] binding, potentiating cell migration and apoptosis resistance. (PMID:38989547)

Cross-species orthologs

3 orthologs

Organism	Symbol	Gene ID
danio_rerio	mrs2	ENSDARG00000062872
mus_musculus	Mrs2	ENSMUSG00000021339
rattus_norvegicus	Mrs2	ENSRNOG00000017545

Protein

Protein identifiers

Magnesium transporter MRS2 homolog, mitochondrial — Q9HD23 (reviewed: Q9HD23)

Alternative names: MRS2-like protein

All UniProt accessions (3): Q9HD23, A0A0A0MQX2, H7BZ29

UniProt curated annotations — full annotation on UniProt →

Function. Magnesium transporter that mediates the influx of magnesium into the mitochondrial matrix and regulates magnesium metabolism. Also permeable to calcium, sodium and potassium ions. Required for normal expression of the mitochondrial respiratory complex I subunits. May play a role in maintaining the inner mitochondrial membrane potential.

Subunit / interactions. Homopentamer.

Subcellular location. Mitochondrion inner membrane.

Activity regulation. May be regulated by calcium ions.

Domain organisation. The GMN motif acts as an ion selectivity filter.

Miscellaneous. Has the ability to complement a deletion of MRS2 in S.cerevisiae and partly restore mitochondrial magnesium concentrations.

Similarity. Belongs to the CorA metal ion transporter (MIT) (TC 1.A.35) family.

Isoforms (4)

UniProt ID	Names	Canonical?
Q9HD23-1	1	yes
Q9HD23-2	2
Q9HD23-3	3
Q9HD23-4	4

RefSeq proteins (4): NP_001273193, NP_001273194, NP_001273195, NP_065713* (*=MANE)

Domains & families (InterPro)

ID	Name	Type
IPR039204	MRS2-like	Family

Pfam: PF22099

UniProt features (45 total): strand 12, helix 10, binding site 7, splice variant 5, topological domain 3, sequence variant 2, transmembrane region 2, transit peptide 1, chain 1, turn 1, short sequence motif 1

Structure

Experimental structures (PDB)

9 structures.

PDB	Method	Resolution (Å)
8IP5	ELECTRON MICROSCOPY	2.5
8IP3	ELECTRON MICROSCOPY	2.6
8IP4	ELECTRON MICROSCOPY	2.7
8TUL	ELECTRON MICROSCOPY	2.8
8IP6	ELECTRON MICROSCOPY	2.9
8TS1	ELECTRON MICROSCOPY	2.92
8TS2	ELECTRON MICROSCOPY	2.95
8TS3	ELECTRON MICROSCOPY	3.11
8TUP	ELECTRON MICROSCOPY	3.3

Predicted structure (AlphaFold)

Model	pLDDT	Fraction very-high
AF-Q9HD23-F1	71.97	0.34

Functional residue map

Curated UniProt residues grouped by drug-discovery relevance — catalytic, ligand-binding, modification, and mutation-validated positions. Source: UniProtKB sequence features.

Ligand- & substrate-binding residues (7): 247; 312; 329; 360; 362; 243; 246

Function

Pathways and Gene Ontology

Reactome pathways

2 pathways

ID	Pathway
R-HSA-5223345	Miscellaneous transport and binding events
R-HSA-382551	Transport of small molecules

MSigDB gene sets: 151 (showing top): GSE45365_NK_CELL_VS_CD8A_DC_MCMV_INFECTION_DN, WANG_CLIM2_TARGETS_UP, GOBP_MAGNESIUM_ION_TRANSPORT, GOBP_MONOCARBOXYLIC_ACID_METABOLIC_PROCESS, GOBP_MONOATOMIC_CATION_TRANSPORT, GOCC_MITOCHONDRIAL_ENVELOPE, LIAO_METASTASIS, GOBP_ORGANIC_ACID_METABOLIC_PROCESS, TIEN_INTESTINE_PROBIOTICS_24HR_UP, GRYDER_PAX3FOXO1_ENHANCERS_IN_TADS, GOBP_TRANSMEMBRANE_TRANSPORT, NUYTTEN_EZH2_TARGETS_DN, GRYDER_PAX3FOXO1_TOP_ENHANCERS, GOCC_ORGANELLE_INNER_MEMBRANE, ZHENG_BOUND_BY_FOXP3

GO Biological Process (4): lactate metabolic process (GO:0006089), mitochondrial magnesium ion transmembrane transport (GO:0045016), transmembrane transport (GO:0055085), monoatomic ion transport (GO:0006811)

GO Molecular Function (3): magnesium ion transmembrane transporter activity (GO:0015095), metal ion binding (GO:0046872), protein binding (GO:0005515)

GO Cellular Component (3): mitochondrion (GO:0005739), mitochondrial inner membrane (GO:0005743), membrane (GO:0016020)

Reactome top-level categories

Rollup of top-1 pathways:

Category	Pathways
Transport of small molecules	1

GO top-level categories

Rollup of top GO terms by namespace:

Category	Terms
magnesium ion transmembrane transport	2
transport	2
monocarboxylic acid metabolic process	1
cellular process	1
metal ion transmembrane transporter activity	1
cation binding	1
binding	1
cytoplasm	1
intracellular membrane-bounded organelle	1
organelle inner membrane	1
mitochondrial membrane	1
cellular anatomical structure	1

Protein interactions and networks

STRING

894 interactions, top by confidence (×1000):

Protein A	Protein B	Partner UniProt	Score
MRS2	PANX1	Q96RD7	772
MRS2	SLC41A1	Q8IVJ1	761
MRS2	SLC41A3	Q96GZ6	695
MRS2	SLC41A2	Q96JW4	692
MRS2	TRPM6	Q9BX84	655
MRS2	MAGT1	Q9H0U3	645
MRS2	TRPM7	Q96QT4	599
MRS2	CNNM2	Q9H8M5	598
MRS2	HP	P00737	592
MRS2	MMGT1	Q8N4V1	560
MRS2	NIPAL1	Q6NVV3	541
MRS2	NIPAL3	Q6P499	515
MRS2	NIPA2	Q8N8Q9	508
MRS2	CNNM1	Q9NRU3	505
MRS2	P0DN79	P0DN79	493

IntAct

125 interactions, top by confidence:

A	B	Type	Score
TBC1D9	ABHD16A	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.640
NIPAL1	ESYT2	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.640
BZW2	ENDOD1	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.640
RSRP1	C1QBP	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.640
RSRP1	PSME3	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.640
BZW2	MUL1	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.640
SLC39A5	TMEM223	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
LPAR1	TMEM223	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
IPPK	TMEM223	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
HTR2C	KLRG2	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
SPPL2B	UQCRQ	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
GSDME	SLC27A2	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
BZW2	SLC27A2	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
NGEF	PRKCI	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
KCMF1	IDH2	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
TSPYL1	GPC3	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
LPAR1	TMEM120B	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
JPH4	ZSWIM8	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
TBC1D15	MYO9A	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
SYP	APBB1	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
NOL9	IPO5	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
VTN	HAT1	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530

BioGRID (123): MRS2 (Affinity Capture-MS), MRS2 (Affinity Capture-MS), MRS2 (Affinity Capture-MS), MRS2 (Affinity Capture-MS), MRS2 (Affinity Capture-MS), MRS2 (Affinity Capture-MS), MRS2 (Affinity Capture-MS), MRS2 (Affinity Capture-MS), MRS2 (Affinity Capture-MS), MRS2 (Affinity Capture-MS), MRS2 (Affinity Capture-MS), MRS2 (Affinity Capture-MS), MRS2 (Affinity Capture-MS), MRS2 (Affinity Capture-MS), MRS2 (Affinity Capture-MS)

ESM2 similar proteins: A2WXD3, A2WY50, A2XV81, A2YFN7, A2YTP9, A2Z9W7, A3BV82, B8APK3, O81770, P0CZ21, P0CZ22, P93115, Q01JR9, Q0DWQ1, Q0JBZ6, Q304A0, Q43847, Q4R4M1, Q5NCE8, Q5R447, Q5VP70, Q651V6, Q67UL3, Q67UQ7, Q69QJ7, Q6UTZ2, Q7SFQ9, Q7XE48, Q7XQQ1, Q8L4S2, Q8S1N1, Q93ZD7, Q9AUK4, Q9ET09, Q9FLG2, Q9FZL3, Q9FZL4, Q9HD23, Q9LJN2, Q9LPC5

Diamond homologs: Q4R4M1, Q5NCE8, Q5R447, Q9ET09, Q9HD23, Q9LJN2, Q02783, Q6C8H7, P0CZ22, P87149, Q01926, Q4I298, Q4WCV3, Q59S85, Q5A970, Q6BX67, Q6C2P2, Q6CIB3, Q6CLJ5, Q6FJD1, Q6FV22, Q759B8, Q75A69, Q7SFQ9, Q8IIG4, A2WXD3, A2WY50, A2XCA0, A2XV81, A2YFN7, A2Z9W7, A3BV82, B8AJT9, P0CZ21, Q01JR9, Q0JBZ6, Q10D38, Q10S25, Q1PE39, Q304A0

SIGNOR signaling

0 interactions.

Enriched among interaction partners

Reactome pathways and GO biological processes over-represented among this gene’s 159 IntAct physical interaction partners (hypergeometric vs the genome-wide background, BH-FDR, gene-set size 15–500, ranked by fold). A functional readout of the neighbourhood — distinct from this gene’s own memberships above, and biased toward well-studied / hub proteins, so read it as themes rather than proof.

Reactome pathways:

Pathway	Partners	Fold	FDR
Peptide chain elongation	7	8.2×	2e-03
Viral mRNA Translation	7	8.2×	2e-03
PELO:HBS1L and ABCE1 dissociate a ribosome on a non-stop mRNA	7	8.1×	2e-03
Influenza Infection	5	8.1×	9e-03
Selenocysteine synthesis	7	7.7×	2e-03
Eukaryotic Translation Termination	7	7.7×	2e-03
Nonsense Mediated Decay (NMD) independent of the Exon Junction Complex (EJC)	7	7.6×	2e-03
ZNF598 and the Ribosome-associated Quality Trigger (RQT) complex dissociate a ribosome stalled on a no-go mRNA	7	7.6×	2e-03

Disease & clinical

Clinical variants and AI predictions

ClinVar

88 variants total. Per-class counts are floors (≥ shown; pagination cap):

Classification	Count (floor)
Pathogenic	0
Likely pathogenic	0
Uncertain significance	59
Likely benign	1
Benign	0

Top pathogenic / likely-pathogenic (0)

SpliceAI

1819 predictions. Top by Δscore:

Variant	Effect	Δscore
6:24405238:TGTGG:T	donor_loss	1.0000
6:24405239:GTG:G	donor_gain	1.0000
6:24405240:TGGTG:T	donor_loss	1.0000
6:24405241:GGT:G	donor_loss	1.0000
6:24405242:G:A	donor_loss	1.0000
6:24405243:T:G	donor_loss	1.0000
6:24408406:A:AG	acceptor_gain	1.0000
6:24408407:G:GG	acceptor_gain	1.0000
6:24408407:GAC:G	acceptor_gain	1.0000
6:24408407:GACA:G	acceptor_gain	1.0000
6:24408407:GACAA:G	acceptor_gain	1.0000
6:24408444:GGT:G	donor_loss	1.0000
6:24408445:G:GA	donor_loss	1.0000
6:24408446:T:A	donor_loss	1.0000
6:24408447:G:GG	donor_loss	1.0000
6:24412220:A:AG	acceptor_gain	1.0000
6:24412221:G:GG	acceptor_gain	1.0000
6:24416394:TA:T	acceptor_loss	1.0000
6:24416395:A:AG	acceptor_gain	1.0000
6:24416395:AGTC:A	acceptor_loss	1.0000
6:24416396:G:GT	acceptor_gain	1.0000
6:24416396:GT:G	acceptor_gain	1.0000
6:24416396:GTCT:G	acceptor_gain	1.0000
6:24416509:GTCTT:G	donor_gain	1.0000
6:24416510:TCTT:T	donor_gain	1.0000
6:24416511:CTT:C	donor_gain	1.0000
6:24416511:CTTGT:C	donor_loss	1.0000
6:24416512:TT:T	donor_gain	1.0000
6:24416512:TTG:T	donor_loss	1.0000
6:24416513:TGTAA:T	donor_loss	1.0000

AlphaMissense

2882 scored. Top likely-pathogenic:

Variant	Protein change	am_pathogenicity
6:24422982:A:C	S385R	1.000
6:24422984:T:A	S385R	1.000
6:24422984:T:G	S385R	1.000
6:24418466:G:C	R332P	0.999
6:24418490:T:C	L340P	0.999
6:24418496:T:C	L342P	0.999
6:24416399:T:C	L241P	0.998
6:24418504:G:A	G345R	0.998
6:24418504:G:C	G345R	0.998
6:24418537:G:A	G356R	0.998
6:24418537:G:C	G356R	0.998
6:24422979:G:A	G384R	0.998
6:24422979:G:C	G384R	0.998
6:24422986:G:A	G386D	0.998
6:24422994:T:A	W389R	0.998
6:24422994:T:C	W389R	0.998
6:24418505:G:A	G345E	0.997
6:24418528:G:A	G353R	0.997
6:24418528:G:C	G353R	0.997
6:24418529:G:A	G353E	0.997
6:24418544:C:A	A358D	0.997
6:24418550:G:A	G360E	0.997
6:24418554:G:A	M361I	0.997
6:24418554:G:C	M361I	0.997
6:24418554:G:T	M361I	0.997
6:24422949:T:C	F374L	0.997
6:24422951:T:A	F374L	0.997
6:24422951:T:G	F374L	0.997
6:24422964:G:A	G379R	0.997
6:24422964:G:C	G379R	0.997

dbSNP variants (sampled 300 via entrez): RS1000313054 (6:24410612 G>C), RS1000426842 (6:24404819 G>A), RS1000475260 (6:24404644 G>T), RS1000499126 (6:24416929 T>C), RS1000671974 (6:24417417 ATTTTG>A), RS1000761453 (6:24404430 A>G), RS1000845127 (6:24420835 G>A,T), RS1000869067 (6:24409021 A>C), RS1000981613 (6:24409341 G>A,T), RS1001011614 (6:24420833 T>C), RS1001174790 (6:24426319 C>G,T), RS1001432206 (6:24414891 C>A,T), RS1001545964 (6:24419727 C>G,T), RS1001792109 (6:24418406 G>A), RS1001838816 (6:24414455 A>C,G)

Disease associations

OMIM: gene MIM:619307 | disease phenotypes:

GenCC curated gene-disease

Mondo (0):

Orphanet (0):

HPO phenotypes

0 total (0 of 0 shown, HPO-id order):

GWAS associations

0 associations (top):

Drugs & pharmacology

Drug and pharmacology data

Is drug target: no

PharmGKB: 1 entry (VIP=true, CPIC=false)

CTD chemical–gene interactions

23 total (human), top 23 by PubMed support.

Chemical	Actions (top 5)	PubMed papers
Valproic Acid	affects cotreatment, increases expression, affects expression, decreases expression	7
sodium arsenite	increases expression, decreases expression, affects cotreatment, increases abundance	2
Phenylmercuric Acetate	increases expression, affects cotreatment	2
triphenyl phosphate	affects expression	1
nickel chloride	decreases expression	1
manganese chloride	affects cotreatment, increases abundance, increases expression	1
di-n-butylphosphoric acid	affects expression	1
4-(5-benzo(1,3)dioxol-5-yl-4-pyridin-2-yl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)benzamide	affects cotreatment, increases expression	1
dorsomorphin	affects cotreatment, increases expression	1
Temozolomide	increases expression	1
Acetaminophen	decreases expression	1
Air Pollutants	affects expression, increases abundance	1
Arsenic	affects cotreatment, increases abundance, increases expression	1
Doxorubicin	decreases expression	1
Manganese	affects cotreatment, increases abundance, increases expression	1
Mercuric Chloride	decreases expression	1
Ozone	affects expression, increases abundance	1
Thiram	decreases expression	1
Isotretinoin	decreases expression	1
Cyclosporine	decreases expression	1
Copper Sulfate	decreases expression	1
Lactic Acid	decreases expression	1
Vitamin K 3	affects expression	1

Clinical trials (associated diseases)

0 trials via MONDO — disease-level, not drug-specific.