MSMB

Summary

MSMB (microseminoprotein beta, HGNC:7372) is a protein-coding gene on chromosome 10q11.22, encoding Beta-microseminoprotein (P08118).

The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the immunoglobulin binding factor family. It is synthesized by the epithelial cells of the prostate gland and secreted into the seminal plasma. This protein has inhibin-like activity. It may have a role as an autocrine paracrine factor in uterine, breast and other female reproductive tissues. The expression of the encoded protein is found to be decreased in prostate cancer. Two alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms are described for this gene. The use of alternate polyadenylation sites has been found for this gene.

Source: NCBI Gene 4477 — RefSeq curated summary.

At a glance

• Gene–disease (curated): prostate cancer, hereditary, 13 (Limited, GenCC)
• GWAS associations: 18
• Clinical variants (ClinVar): 17 total
• MANE Select transcript: NM_002443

Identifiers

Gene identifiers

Field	Value
HGNC ID	HGNC:7372
Approved symbol	MSMB
Name	microseminoprotein beta
Location	10q11.22
Locus type	gene with protein product
Status	Approved
Aliases	PSP-94, PSP57, PSP94, IGBF, MSP, MSPB, PN44, PRPS, PSP
Ensembl gene	ENSG00000263639
Ensembl biotype	protein_coding
OMIM	157145
Entrez	4477

Gene structure

Transcript identifiers

Ensembl transcripts: 3 — 3 protein_coding

ENST00000581478, ENST00000582163, ENST00000663171

RefSeq mRNA: 2 — MANE Select: NM_002443 NM_002443, NM_138634

CCDS: CCDS73095, CCDS73096

Canonical transcript exons

ENST00000582163 — 4 exons

Exon	Start	End
ENSE00002685605	46033313	46033551
ENSE00003520199	46046235	46046269
ENSE00003543897	46039986	46040091
ENSE00003660457	46038966	46039071

Expression profiles

Bgee: expression breadth ubiquitous, 179 present calls, max score 99.93.

FANTOM5 (CAGE): breadth tissue_specific, TPM avg 2.6518 / max 1231.5593, expressed in 142 samples.

FANTOM5 promoters (2 alternative TSS)

Promoter ID	TPM avg	Samples expressed
109268	2.6247	140
109267	0.0271	14

Top tissues by expression

289 total, by Bgee expression score (0-100, higher = more expressed):

Tissue	Anatomy ID	Expression score	Quality
trachea	UBERON:0003126	99.93	gold quality
nasal cavity epithelium	UBERON:0005384	99.89	gold quality
bronchial epithelial cell	CL:0002328	99.78	gold quality
bronchus	UBERON:0002185	99.75	gold quality
nasal cavity mucosa	UBERON:0001826	99.74	gold quality
epithelium of bronchus	UBERON:0002031	99.74	gold quality
olfactory segment of nasal mucosa	UBERON:0005386	99.58	gold quality
prostate gland	UBERON:0002367	98.21	gold quality
sperm	CL:0000019	97.70	gold quality
palpebral conjunctiva	UBERON:0001812	97.04	gold quality
epithelium of nasopharynx	UBERON:0001951	96.61	gold quality
mucosa of paranasal sinus	UBERON:0005030	95.51	gold quality
male germ cell	CL:0000015	93.55	gold quality
pylorus	UBERON:0001166	92.54	gold quality
urethra	UBERON:0000057	90.80	gold quality
primordial germ cell in gonad	CL:0000670 ∩ UBERON:0000991	89.79	gold quality
male germ line stem cell (sensu Vertebrata) in testis	CL:0000089 ∩ UBERON:0000473	87.73	gold quality
skin of leg	UBERON:0001511	87.11	gold quality
skin of abdomen	UBERON:0001416	85.56	gold quality
zone of skin	UBERON:0000014	84.75	gold quality
pharyngeal mucosa	UBERON:0000355	83.84	gold quality
minor salivary gland	UBERON:0001830	83.24	gold quality
saliva-secreting gland	UBERON:0001044	81.27	gold quality
upper arm skin	UBERON:0004263	80.73	gold quality
mammalian vulva	UBERON:0000997	80.66	gold quality
adult organism	UBERON:0007023	79.48	gold quality
body of stomach	UBERON:0001161	79.06	gold quality
pancreatic ductal cell	CL:0002079	78.69	silver quality
stomach	UBERON:0000945	78.51	gold quality
mouth mucosa	UBERON:0003729	78.10	gold quality

Single-cell (SCXA)

Detected in 4 experiment(s), a significant marker in 4.

Experiment	Marker?	Max mean expression
E-ANND-2	yes	7948.40
E-CURD-114	yes	53.58
E-HCAD-1	yes	8.29
E-ANND-3	no	0.00

Regulation

Is transcription factor: no

Upstream regulators (CollecTRI, top): CNOT7, CNOT8, CREB1, EZH2

miRNA regulators (miRDB)

7 targeting MSMB, top 30 by miRDB confidence (max_score; target_count = how many genes the miRNA targets in total — lower means more specific):

miRNA	Max score	Avg score	miRNA target_count
HSA-MIR-6513-3P	99.59	69.77	1102
HSA-MIR-4784	99.15	67.41	1733
HSA-MIR-3150B-3P	98.81	67.21	1728
HSA-MIR-6866-5P	96.64	68.06	624
HSA-MIR-550B-2-5P	96.56	64.61	646
HSA-MIR-24-1-5P	95.57	65.85	492
HSA-MIR-24-2-5P	95.57	66.16	484

Literature-anchored findings (GeneRIF, showing 40)

• Ab initio structure of human seminal plasma prostatic inhibin gives significant insight into its biological functions. (PMID:12032598)
• a new blood protein (PSPBP) is identified that binds PSP94 (PMID:15344909)
• NMR solution structure (PMID:16930619)
• Bound/free PSP94 is a novel and independent prognostic markers following radical prostatectomy for prostate cancer. (PMID:17062675)
• Our data disclose a hitherto unexplored link between the putative oncogene EZH2 and the tumor suppressor PSP94, and show that MSMB is silenced by EZH2 in advanced prostate cancer cells. (PMID:17237810)
• both native PSP94 as well as modified protein have the ability to bind human IgG, suggesting the involvement of sequential epitopes of PSP94 in IgG binding (PMID:17493883)
• Predictor of recurrence after radical prostatectomy for localized prostate cancer. (PMID:17634540)
• MSP in serum can be used as a marker of prostate secretion, despite the contribution from extra prostatic tissues. (PMID:18222915)
• A tentative structure for the hMSP-CRISP-3 complex using the known crystal structure of triflin as a model of CRISP-3 was presented. (PMID:19026612)
• alternative splicing variants, M-RIP, HYAL2, CDCA1, and MSMB genes showed differential expressions between cancer cells and corresponding normal tissues. (PMID:19081476)
• The observations that rs10993994 is the strongest associated variant in the region and its risk allele has a major effect on the transcriptional activity of MSMB suggest the T allele as a causal variant that confers increased risk of prostate cancer. (PMID:19153072)
• PSP94 has been purified from human seminal plasma and crystallized. (PMID:19342788)
• a common variant in MSMB on chromosome 10q11.2 is associated with prostate cancer susceptibility (PMID:19383797)
• beta-Microseminoprotein was purified using anion-exchange and size-exclusion chromatography and the purified protein was crystallized using 0.1 M ammonium sulfate, 0.1 M HEPES buffer pH 7.0 and 20%(w/v) PEG 3350 (PMID:19407392)
• For the two SNPs that had significant differences between more and less aggressive disease, KLK3 and MSMB, the alleles that are associated with increased risk for prostate cancer were more frequent in patients with less aggressive disease. (PMID:19434657)
• We conclude that MSMB is unlikely to be a familial prostate cancer gene.The high-risk alleles may effect prostate cancer risk by modifying MSMB gene expression in response to hormones in a tissue-specific manner. (PMID:19997100)
• Crystal structure shows that these edges from two PSP94 monomers associate in antiparallel fashion, leading to formation of a dimer. (PMID:20184897)
• A single-nucleotide polymorphism in the MSMB promoter contributes to the genetic predisposition to prostate cancer in the southern Chinese Han population. (PMID:20333697)
• we identifiedand genotyped novel single-nucleotide polymorphisms in cancer cases and controls which verified prior associations in KLK2 and in MSMB (but not in KLK3) with prostate cancer (PMID:20424135)
• High MSMB expression is associated with the development of prostate cancer. (PMID:20569440)
• Either PSP94 or CRISP-3 alone can induce growth inhibition in prostate cancer cells in a cell line specific manner. (PMID:20676114)
• MSMB expression is influenced by androgens, but also by genotype and epigenetic silencing. (PMID:20680031)
• SNPs at MSMB correlate with physiologic variation in beta-MSP and PSA levels in the blood and semen of healthy young Swedish men. In particular, rs10993994 has a strong effect on beta-MSP levels. (PMID:20696662)
• Authors examines the association between rs10993994 genotype and MSP levels in a sample of 500 prostate cancer-free men from four racial/ethnic populations in the Multiethnic Cohort (European Americans, African Americans, Latinos, and Japanese Americans). (PMID:20736317)
• provide the first link between a low penetrance polymorphism for prostate cancer and a potential test in human tissue and bodily fluids (PMID:20967219)
• Suppression of MSMB expression or NCOA4 overexpression promotes anchorage-independent growth of prostate epithelial cells. (PMID:21085629)
• MSMB is a strong independent factor, predicting favorable outcome after radical prostatectomy for localized prostate cancer. (PMID:21240253)
• These data identify beta-microseminoprotein as an important innate immune factor active against C. albicans and may help explain the low sexual transmission rate of Candida. (PMID:22496651)
• Computational network analysis reveals that the MSMB gene is functionally connected to NCOA4 and the androgen receptor signaling pathway. The data provide an example of how GWAS-associated variants may have multiple genetic and epigenetic effects (PMID:22661295)
• Data indicate that the increase in prostate cancer (PC) risk associated with rs10993994:C>T is likely mediated by the variant’s effect of MSMB-encoded protein PSP94 expression; however, this effect does not extend to NCOA4 in the data. (PMID:22887727)
• MSMB and CRISP3 were widely distributed in ovaries and in ovarian tumors; the expression of MSMB fits well with a tumor-suppressor function in ovarian carcinogenesis. (PMID:22993349)
• Involvement of the hinge region of CRISPs in interaction with PSP94 may affect the domain movement of CRISPs essential for the ion-channel regulatory activity resulting in inhibition of this activity. (PMID:23375721)
• Two SNPs, in beta-microseminoprotein at and in kallikrein-related peptidase 2 at, are associated with PCA3 score at genome-wide significance level (PMID:23555189)
• Han Chinese men carrying the MSMB variant have an increased risk of spermatogenic failure associated with male infertility. (PMID:23608167)
• The rs10993994 genotype in the MSMB gene modifies the association between number of sexual partners and prostate cancer risk. (PMID:24037734)
• Beta-microseminoprotein in urine was statistically lower in prostate cancer patients. (PMID:24115268)
• Data indicate that prostate secretory protein PSP94 is decreased in an ovarian cancer drug-resistant cell line, and plays an important role in the development of drug resistance in vitro. (PMID:24186202)
• PSP94 regulate the Lin28/Let-7 loop in ovarian cancer cells. (PMID:25188517)
• Based on nasopharyngeal MSP gene expression in readily available Nasopharyngeal aspirate samples , we can discriminate between severity of disease in Respiratory syncytial virus infected infants. (PMID:25261323)
• decreased expression of MSMB parallels the clinical progression of PC and adjusted serum MSMB levels are associated with PC risk (PMID:26939004)

Cross-species orthologs

4 orthologs

Organism	Symbol	Gene ID
danio_rerio	msmbl	ENSDARG00000095807
danio_rerio	si:ch73-132k15.2	ENSDARG00000095867
mus_musculus	Msmb	ENSMUSG00000021907
rattus_norvegicus	Msmb	ENSRNOG00000039786

Paralogs (1): MSMP (ENSG00000215183)

Protein

Protein identifiers

Beta-microseminoprotein — P08118 (reviewed: P08118)

Alternative names: Immunoglobulin-binding factor, PN44, Prostate secreted seminal plasma protein, Prostate secretory protein of 94 amino acids, Seminal plasma beta-inhibin

All UniProt accessions (2): A0A590UJG9, P08118

UniProt curated annotations — full annotation on UniProt →

Subunit / interactions. Homodimer; Interacts with PI16.

Subcellular location. Secreted.

Tissue specificity. Strongly expressed in prostate, liver, kidney, breast and penis. Also expressed in pancreas, esophagus, stomach, deodenum, colon, trachea, lung, salivary glands and fallopian tube. PSP94 is expressed in lung and breast, whereas PSP57 is found in kidney and bladder.

Disease relevance. Prostate cancer, hereditary, 13 (HPC13) [MIM:611928] A condition associated with familial predisposition to cancer of the prostate. Most prostate cancers are adenocarcinomas that develop in the acini of the prostatic ducts. Other rare histopathologic types of prostate cancer that occur in approximately 5% of patients include small cell carcinoma, mucinous carcinoma, prostatic ductal carcinoma, transitional cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, basal cell carcinoma, adenoid cystic carcinoma (basaloid), signet-ring cell carcinoma and neuroendocrine carcinoma. Disease susceptibility is associated with variants affecting the gene represented in this entry.

Miscellaneous. Specific receptors for this protein are found on spermatozoa and in the prostate.

Similarity. Belongs to the beta-microseminoprotein family.

Isoforms (2)

UniProt ID	Names	Canonical?
P08118-1	PSP94	yes
P08118-2	PSP57

RefSeq proteins (2): NP_002434, NP_619540 (=MANE)

Domains & families (InterPro)

ID	Name	Type
IPR008735	PSP94	Family

Pfam: PF05825

UniProt features (30 total): sequence variant 9, strand 9, disulfide bond 5, splice variant 2, signal peptide 1, chain 1, sequence conflict 1, turn 1, helix 1

Structure

Experimental structures (PDB)

2 structures.

PDB	Method	Resolution (Å)
3IX0	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	2.3
2IZ3	SOLUTION NMR

Predicted structure (AlphaFold)

Model	pLDDT	Fraction very-high
AF-P08118-F1	89.04	0.74

Functional residue map

Curated UniProt residues grouped by drug-discovery relevance — catalytic, ligand-binding, modification, and mutation-validated positions. Source: UniProtKB sequence features.

Disulfide bonds (5): 22–70, 38–62, 57–93, 60–69, 84–107

Function

Pathways and Gene Ontology

Reactome pathways

0 pathways

MSigDB gene sets: 104 (showing top): GSE45365_CD8A_DC_VS_CD11B_DC_IFNAR_KO_DN, GSE37336_LY6C_POS_VS_NEG_NAIVE_CD4_TCELL_DN, FREAC2_01, GOZGIT_ESR1_TARGETS_DN, RACCACAR_AML_Q6, FOXO4_01, STOSSI_RESPONSE_TO_ESTRADIOL, EFC_Q6, SENGUPTA_NASOPHARYNGEAL_CARCINOMA_DN, SMID_BREAST_CANCER_LUMINAL_B_UP, MODULE_165, HFH1_01, MODULE_88, AML1_01, MODULE_6

GO Biological Process (0):

GO Molecular Function (1): protein binding (GO:0005515)

GO Cellular Component (3): obsolete extracellular space (GO:0005615), nucleus (GO:0005634), extracellular region (GO:0005576)

GO top-level categories

Rollup of top GO terms by namespace:

Category	Terms
binding	1
intracellular membrane-bounded organelle	1
cellular anatomical structure	1

Protein interactions and networks

STRING

908 interactions, top by confidence (×1000):

Protein A	Protein B	Partner UniProt	Score
MSMB	GZMK	P49863	980
MSMB	PRPS1L1	P21108	926
MSMB	PRPS1	P09329	919
MSMB	PRPS2	P11908	898
MSMB	KLK3	P07288	884
MSMB	ACP3	P15309	880
MSMB	R4GMX3	R4GMX3	879
MSMB	BMI1	P35226	878
MSMB	KLK2	P20151	873
MSMB	PI16	Q6UXB8	844
MSMB	TGM4	P49221	836
MSMB	PRNP	P04156	802
MSMB	KLKB1	P03952	798
MSMB	MSMP	Q1L6U9	777
MSMB	SLC45A3	Q96JT2	769

IntAct

6 interactions, top by confidence:

A	B	Type	Score
SGTA	MSMB	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
MSMB	SGTA	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
HAT1	CSTA	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
MSMB	ADAM11	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350

BioGRID (49): SGTA (Two-hybrid), HAT1 (Affinity Capture-MS), ACPP (Affinity Capture-MS), SEMG1 (Affinity Capture-MS), KLK3 (Affinity Capture-MS), SEMG2 (Affinity Capture-MS), MSMB (Affinity Capture-MS), MSMB (Affinity Capture-MS), CSTA (Affinity Capture-MS), PEX6 (Affinity Capture-MS), DNPEP (Affinity Capture-MS), BMP1 (Affinity Capture-MS), ARF6 (Affinity Capture-MS), OAF (Affinity Capture-MS), TMEM67 (Affinity Capture-MS)

ESM2 similar proteins: A0A2P1BSU3, A1BN60, A7VN14, A7VN15, A7VN16, A7VN17, B3F211, O02826, O08540, O42146, O57340, O97935, O97936, O97949, P01001, P01215, P01220, P01225, P01226, P01228, P04155, P08118, P0C552, P0C553, P0DKR6, P0DQG7, P16035, P16368, P25142, P49122, P58062, P83242, P97580, Q28767, Q2PUH2, Q3HRV5, Q3YC03, Q53B52, Q63467, Q863T4

Diamond homologs: A7VN13, A7VN14, A7VN15, A7VN16, A7VN17, O97935, O97936, O97949, P08118, B1AWI6, O02826, O08540, P25142, P83242, P97580, Q28767, Q3UQ28, Q92626

SIGNOR signaling

0 interactions.

Disease & clinical

Clinical variants and AI predictions

ClinVar

17 variants total. Per-class counts are floors (≥ shown; pagination cap):

Classification	Count (floor)
Pathogenic	0
Likely pathogenic	0
Uncertain significance	12
Likely benign	3
Benign	0

Top pathogenic / likely-pathogenic (0)

SpliceAI

700 predictions. Top by Δscore:

Variant	Effect	Δscore
10:46039983:G:GG	donor_gain	1.0000
10:46039985:GA:G	donor_gain	1.0000
10:46039985:GAG:G	donor_gain	1.0000
10:46039986:GGA:G	donor_gain	1.0000
10:46033550:G:GG	acceptor_gain	0.9900
10:46033550:GT:G	acceptor_gain	0.9900
10:46033551:A:AG	acceptor_gain	0.9900
10:46038963:G:GG	donor_gain	0.9900
10:46038967:CCCT:C	donor_gain	0.9900
10:46040090:GAAT:G	acceptor_gain	0.9900
10:46033534:G:A	acceptor_gain	0.9800
10:46038966:CCT:C	donor_gain	0.9800
10:46039986:GGAG:G	donor_gain	0.9800
10:46039987:AGGA:A	donor_gain	0.9800
10:46039988:CAGGA:C	donor_gain	0.9800
10:46033535:T:TA	acceptor_gain	0.9700
10:46038965:CT:C	donor_gain	0.9700
10:46038875:GGGT:G	donor_gain	0.9600
10:46036315:T:G	acceptor_gain	0.9500
10:46036315:T:TA	acceptor_gain	0.9500
10:46039070:G:GG	acceptor_gain	0.9500
10:46039071:A:AG	acceptor_gain	0.9500
10:46040090:G:GG	acceptor_gain	0.9500
10:46040090:GA:G	acceptor_gain	0.9500
10:46040091:A:AG	acceptor_gain	0.9500
10:46035109:A:G	acceptor_gain	0.9400
10:46036316:AT:A	acceptor_gain	0.9400
10:46038968:ACCCT:A	donor_gain	0.9400
10:46046232:G:GG	donor_gain	0.9400
10:46033550:G:GC	acceptor_loss	0.9300

AlphaMissense

754 scored. Top likely-pathogenic:

Variant	Protein change	am_pathogenicity
10:46039025:C:A	W52C	0.983
10:46039025:C:G	W52C	0.983
10:46033516:C:G	C84S	0.952
10:46033517:A:T	C84S	0.952
10:46038975:C:G	C69S	0.936
10:46038976:A:T	C69S	0.936
10:46033431:C:A	W112C	0.935
10:46033431:C:G	W112C	0.935
10:46033489:C:G	C93S	0.931
10:46033490:A:T	C93S	0.931
10:46039027:A:G	W52R	0.927
10:46039027:A:T	W52R	0.927
10:46039002:C:G	C60S	0.922
10:46039003:A:T	C60S	0.922
10:46033540:G:T	P76H	0.921
10:46033447:C:G	C107S	0.908
10:46033448:A:T	C107S	0.908
10:46039068:C:G	C38S	0.898
10:46039069:A:T	C38S	0.898
10:46038996:C:G	C62S	0.891
10:46038997:A:T	C62S	0.891
10:46033433:A:G	W112R	0.884
10:46033433:A:T	W112R	0.884
10:46038974:A:C	C69W	0.884
10:46033515:G:C	C84W	0.883
10:46039001:G:C	C60W	0.881
10:46033517:A:G	C84R	0.879
10:46038976:A:G	C69R	0.878
10:46039011:C:G	C57S	0.875
10:46039012:A:T	C57S	0.875

dbSNP variants (sampled 300 via entrez): RS1000250609 (10:46046545 T>G), RS1000288381 (10:46034313 G>A,T), RS1000694464 (10:46032961 A>C), RS1002234600 (10:46038122 G>A,C), RS1002609895 (10:46037899 A>G), RS1002991366 (10:46036652 A>G), RS1003377992 (10:46040873 G>A), RS1003847693 (10:46046992 G>T), RS1004181946 (10:46038327 G>A,C), RS1004319281 (10:46038152 A>T), RS1004645848 (10:46036656 G>A), RS1005160371 (10:46047426 C>T), RS1005375405 (10:46041508 G>A), RS1006185212 (10:46035194 G>A,C), RS1006328980 (10:46034750 A>G)

Disease associations

OMIM: gene MIM:157145 | disease phenotypes: MIM:611928

GenCC curated gene-disease

Disease	Classification	Inheritance
prostate cancer, hereditary, 13	Limited	Autosomal dominant

Mondo (1): prostate cancer, hereditary, 13 (MONDO:0012758)

Orphanet (1): Familial prostate cancer (Orphanet:1331)

HPO phenotypes

0 total (0 of 0 shown, HPO-id order):

GWAS associations

18 associations (top):

Study	Trait	p-value
GCST000152_2	Prostate cancer	9.000000e-29
GCST000154_2	Prostate cancer	7.000000e-13
GCST000585_12	Mean corpuscular volume	7.000000e-09
GCST000587_13	Mean corpuscular hemoglobin	6.000000e-10
GCST000750_8	Prostate cancer	3.000000e-08
GCST000919_5	Serum prostate-specific antigen levels	7.000000e-13
GCST001147_13	Prostate cancer	5.000000e-06
GCST001796_2	Prostate-specific antigen levels	5.000000e-17
GCST001946_3	PCA3 expression level	1.000000e-09
GCST002413_7	Prostate cancer (early onset)	2.000000e-07
GCST002421_2	Prostate cancer	3.000000e-26
GCST002703_3	Prostate-specific antigen levels	7.000000e-11
GCST002890_7	Prostate cancer	1.000000e-15
GCST003148_12	Prostate cancer	4.000000e-08
GCST004093_35	Prostate-specific antigen levels	1.000000e-50
GCST006585_427	Blood protein levels	0.000000e+00
GCST008231_1	Prostate cancer	1.000000e-10
GCST008860_28	Prostate cancer	5.000000e-10

EFO canonical traits (3, from GWAS)

EFO ID	Trait name
EFO:0004509	hemoglobin measurement
EFO:0004527	mean corpuscular hemoglobin
EFO:0005127	cancer biomarker measurement

MeSH disease descriptors (1)

Descriptor	Name	Tree numbers
C567456	Prostate Cancer, Hereditary, 13 (supp.)

Drugs & pharmacology

Drug and pharmacology data

Is drug target: no

PharmGKB: 1 entry (VIP=true, CPIC=false)

CTD chemical–gene interactions

39 total (human), top 30 by PubMed support.

Chemical	Actions (top 5)	PubMed papers
Dihydrotestosterone	affects reaction, increases expression	4
Estradiol	decreases reaction, increases expression, decreases expression	3
sodium arsenite	affects methylation, decreases expression	2
1,2-dibromo-4-(1,2-dibromoethyl)cyclohexane	increases expression, affects reaction	2
2,3-dibromopropyl-2,4,6-tribromophenyl ether	decreases expression	2
Air Pollutants	increases abundance, increases expression, decreases expression	2
Benzo(a)pyrene	affects methylation, increases expression	2
Smoke	decreases expression, increases abundance	2
Aflatoxin B1	increases expression, increases methylation	2
Genistein	affects cotreatment, increases expression, increases reaction	2
Raloxifene Hydrochloride	affects reaction, decreases expression, affects expression, affects cotreatment, increases expression	2
allyl 2,4,6-tribromophenyl ether	decreases expression	1
bisphenol A	decreases methylation	1
potassium persulfate	increases expression	1
hydroxyflutamide	decreases expression	1
tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl)phosphate	decreases expression	1
nickel sulfate	decreases expression	1
procymidone	decreases expression	1
pentanal	decreases expression	1
bicalutamide	decreases expression	1
CGP 52608	affects binding, increases reaction	1
enzalutamide	decreases expression	1
3-hydroxy-4-prenyl-5-methoxystilbene-2-carboxylic acid	decreases expression	1
Acetaminophen	increases expression	1
Dexamethasone	affects cotreatment, increases expression, increases reaction	1
Diethylstilbestrol	increases expression	1
Folic Acid	increases expression	1
Hydrogen Peroxide	affects expression	1
Linuron	decreases expression	1
Methylcholanthrene	affects binding, increases reaction, increases expression	1

Clinical trials (associated diseases)

0 trials via MONDO — disease-level, not drug-specific.