MSMP

Summary

MSMP (microseminoprotein, prostate associated, HGNC:29663) is a protein-coding gene on chromosome 9p13.3, encoding Prostate-associated microseminoprotein (Q1L6U9). Acts as a ligand for C-C chemokine receptor CCR2.

This gene encodes a member of the beta-microseminoprotein family. Members of this protein family contain ten conserved cysteine residues that form intra-molecular disulfide bonds. The encoded protein may play a role in prostate cancer tumorigenesis.

Source: NCBI Gene 692094 — RefSeq curated summary.

At a glance

• GWAS associations: 2
• Clinical variants (ClinVar): 3 total — 1 likely-pathogenic
• MANE Select transcript: NM_001044264

Identifiers

Gene identifiers

Field	Value
HGNC ID	HGNC:29663
Approved symbol	MSMP
Name	microseminoprotein, prostate associated
Location	9p13.3
Locus type	gene with protein product
Status	Approved
Aliases	PC-3, PSMP
Ensembl gene	ENSG00000215183
Ensembl biotype	protein_coding
OMIM	612191
Entrez	692094

Gene structure

Transcript identifiers

Ensembl transcripts: 2 — 1 protein_coding_CDS_not_defined, 1 protein_coding

ENST00000414286, ENST00000436428

RefSeq mRNA: 1 — MANE Select: NM_001044264 NM_001044264

CCDS: CCDS43797

Canonical transcript exons

ENST00000436428 — 3 exons

Exon	Start	End
ENSE00001661567	35752990	35753280
ENSE00002082909	35754000	35754276
ENSE00003532578	35753660	35753768

Expression profiles

Bgee: expression breadth ubiquitous, 119 present calls, max score 88.95.

FANTOM5 (CAGE): breadth tissue_specific, TPM avg 1.4795 / max 1961.4873, expressed in 127 samples.

FANTOM5 promoters (2 alternative TSS)

Promoter ID	TPM avg	Samples expressed
100657	1.3466	84
100659	0.1329	51

Top tissues by expression

129 total, by Bgee expression score (0-100, higher = more expressed):

Tissue	Anatomy ID	Expression score	Quality
male germ line stem cell (sensu Vertebrata) in testis	CL:0000089 ∩ UBERON:0000473	88.95	gold quality
primordial germ cell in gonad	CL:0000670 ∩ UBERON:0000991	87.39	gold quality
placenta	UBERON:0001987	63.01	gold quality
descending thoracic aorta	UBERON:0002345	57.52	gold quality
tonsil	UBERON:0002372	57.22	gold quality
thoracic aorta	UBERON:0001515	56.27	gold quality
ascending aorta	UBERON:0001496	56.09	gold quality
hindlimb stylopod muscle	UBERON:0004252	55.91	gold quality
lymph node	UBERON:0000029	55.08	gold quality
hypothalamus	UBERON:0001898	52.96	gold quality
cerebellar hemisphere	UBERON:0002245	52.87	gold quality
cerebellum	UBERON:0002037	52.52	gold quality
cerebellar cortex	UBERON:0002129	52.43	gold quality
right hemisphere of cerebellum	UBERON:0014890	51.93	gold quality
cortical plate	UBERON:0005343	50.17	gold quality
lower esophagus mucosa	UBERON:0035834	49.22	gold quality
granulocyte	CL:0000094	48.90	silver quality
bone marrow cell	CL:0002092	48.76	silver quality
adenohypophysis	UBERON:0002196	48.74	gold quality
substantia nigra	UBERON:0002038	48.31	gold quality
apex of heart	UBERON:0002098	47.69	gold quality
pituitary gland	UBERON:0000007	47.39	gold quality
esophagogastric junction muscularis propria	UBERON:0035841	46.64	gold quality
Brodmann (1909) area 9	UBERON:0013540	46.32	gold quality
amygdala	UBERON:0001876	46.14	gold quality
brain	UBERON:0000955	46.10	gold quality
putamen	UBERON:0001874	46.09	gold quality
dorsolateral prefrontal cortex	UBERON:0009834	46.03	gold quality
mucosa of stomach	UBERON:0001199	46.00	gold quality
temporal lobe	UBERON:0001871	45.90	gold quality

Single-cell (SCXA)

Detected in 1 experiment(s), a significant marker in 0.

Experiment	Marker?	Max mean expression
E-ANND-3	no	0.00

Regulation

Is transcription factor: no

miRNA regulators (miRDB)

7 targeting MSMP, top 30 by miRDB confidence (max_score; target_count = how many genes the miRNA targets in total — lower means more specific):

miRNA	Max score	Avg score	miRNA target_count
HSA-MIR-1179	99.71	68.70	1040
HSA-MIR-29B-2-5P	99.67	68.98	1726
HSA-MIR-140-5P	99.44	67.20	792
HSA-MIR-4460	99.37	68.52	615
HSA-MIR-4291	99.20	68.88	2969
HSA-MIR-4308	97.56	67.13	1385
HSA-MIR-885-3P	95.14	63.08	448

Literature-anchored findings (GeneRIF, showing 4)

• these data collectively suggest that PSMP is a chemoattractant protein acting as a novel CCR2 ligand that may influence inflammation and cancer development. (PMID:24442440)
• High MSMP expression is associated with drug-resistant prostate cancer. (PMID:29059175)
• PSMP/MSMP promotes hepatic fibrosis through CCR2 and represents a novel therapeutic target. (PMID:31813573)
• The novel potential therapeutic target PSMP/MSMP promotes acute kidney injury via CCR2. (PMID:38796708)

Cross-species orthologs

4 orthologs

Organism	Symbol	Gene ID
danio_rerio	msmp2	ENSDARG00000074930
danio_rerio	msmp1	ENSDARG00000105581
mus_musculus	Msmp	ENSMUSG00000078719
rattus_norvegicus	Msmp	ENSRNOG00000043023

Paralogs (1): MSMB (ENSG00000263639)

Protein

Protein identifiers

Prostate-associated microseminoprotein — Q1L6U9 (reviewed: Q1L6U9)

Alternative names: PC3-secreted microprotein

All UniProt accessions (1): Q1L6U9

UniProt curated annotations — full annotation on UniProt →

Function. Acts as a ligand for C-C chemokine receptor CCR2. Signals through binding and activation of CCR2 and induces a strong chemotactic response and mobilization of intracellular calcium ions. Exhibits a chemotactic activity for monocytes and lymphocytes but not neutrophils.

Subcellular location. Secreted.

Tissue specificity. Detected in prostate epithelium (at protein level). Detected in trachea and testis. Highly expressed in benign prostatic hyperplasia and in some prostate cancers, and can also be detected in breast tumor tissue.

Similarity. Belongs to the beta-microseminoprotein family.

RefSeq proteins (1): NP_001037729* (*=MANE)

Domains & families (InterPro)

ID	Name	Type
IPR008735	PSP94	Family

Pfam: PF05825

UniProt features (9 total): disulfide bond 5, signal peptide 1, chain 1, region of interest 1, sequence variant 1

Structure

Experimental structures (PDB)

0 structures.

Predicted structure (AlphaFold)

Model	pLDDT	Fraction very-high
AF-Q1L6U9-F1	78.83	0.40

Functional residue map

Curated UniProt residues grouped by drug-discovery relevance — catalytic, ligand-binding, modification, and mutation-validated positions. Source: UniProtKB sequence features.

Disulfide bonds (5): 38–78, 46–69, 64–100, 67–77, 91–114

Function

Pathways and Gene Ontology

Reactome pathways

0 pathways

MSigDB gene sets: 47 (showing top): GOBP_MYELOID_LEUKOCYTE_MIGRATION, GOBP_CELL_CHEMOTAXIS, GOBP_INFLAMMATORY_RESPONSE, GOBP_LEUKOCYTE_CHEMOTAXIS, GOBP_TAXIS, GOBP_LEUKOCYTE_MIGRATION, chr9p13, GOBP_LYMPHOCYTE_CHEMOTAXIS, GOMF_CYTOKINE_ACTIVITY, GOMF_G_PROTEIN_COUPLED_RECEPTOR_BINDING, GOBP_LYMPHOCYTE_MIGRATION, GOBP_MONOCYTE_CHEMOTAXIS, GOMF_SIGNALING_RECEPTOR_BINDING, GOMF_CCR_CHEMOKINE_RECEPTOR_BINDING, GOMF_SIGNALING_RECEPTOR_REGULATOR_ACTIVITY

GO Biological Process (5): monocyte chemotaxis (GO:0002548), inflammatory response (GO:0006954), lymphocyte chemotaxis (GO:0048247), chemotaxis (GO:0006935), signal transduction (GO:0007165)

GO Molecular Function (2): cytokine activity (GO:0005125), CCR2 chemokine receptor binding (GO:0031727)

GO Cellular Component (3): obsolete extracellular space (GO:0005615), cytoplasm (GO:0005737), extracellular region (GO:0005576)

GO top-level categories

Rollup of top GO terms by namespace:

Category	Terms
leukocyte chemotaxis	2
cellular anatomical structure	2
mononuclear cell migration	1
myeloid leukocyte migration	1
defense response	1
lymphocyte migration	1
response to chemical	1
taxis	1
cell communication	1
cellular process	1
signaling	1
regulation of cellular process	1
cellular response to stimulus	1
receptor ligand activity	1
CCR chemokine receptor binding	1
intracellular anatomical structure	1

Protein interactions and networks

STRING

102 interactions, top by confidence (×1000):

Protein A	Protein B	Partner UniProt	Score
MSMP	GBA2	Q9HCG7	952
MSMP	MSMB	P08118	777
MSMP	CCR2	P41597	666
MSMP	SEC63	Q9UGP8	422
MSMP	ST6GALNAC5	Q9BVH7	417
MSMP	MED21	Q13503	340
MSMP	FAM53B	Q14153	314
MSMP	NR4A3	Q92570	313
MSMP	EXOC5	O00471	288
MSMP	LIM2	P55344	261
MSMP	TRIM49	P0CI25	257
MSMP	ST6GAL1	P15907	252
MSMP	DPM1	O60762	250
MSMP	UCK2	Q9BZX2	248
MSMP	ARL14EPL	P0DKL9	248

IntAct

0 interactions, top by confidence:

BioGRID (2): S (Reconstituted Complex), S (Reconstituted Complex)

ESM2 similar proteins: A6NKQ9, B1AWI6, G7PWZ3, I6M4H4, O09108, O46482, O46483, O46641, O77805, O77835, P01229, P01230, P01231, P01232, P04651, P07434, P08751, P0DN86, P0DN87, P17490, P19794, P27767, P30984, P43021, P45646, P45657, P51500, Q04997, Q1L6U9, Q2Q1P0, Q2Q1P1, Q2Q1P2, Q3HRV3, Q3S2X5, Q6EV78, Q6HA10, Q6NT52, Q6PX77, Q7ZZV4, Q8CB67

Diamond homologs: B1AWI6, O02826, Q1L6U9

SIGNOR signaling

0 interactions.

Disease & clinical

Clinical variants and AI predictions

ClinVar

3 variants total. Per-class counts are floors (≥ shown; pagination cap):

Classification	Count (floor)
Pathogenic	0
Likely pathogenic	1
Uncertain significance	2
Likely benign	0
Benign	0

Top pathogenic / likely-pathogenic (1)

Variant ID	HGVS	Classification
980343	GRCh37/hg19 9p21.1-13.2(chr9:32192406-38311776)x3	Likely pathogenic

SpliceAI

254 predictions. Top by Δscore:

Variant	Effect	Δscore
9:35752996:C:G	donor_gain	0.9900
9:35753281:C:CC	acceptor_gain	0.9900
9:35753290:C:CT	acceptor_gain	0.9900
9:35753994:CTTTA:C	donor_loss	0.9900
9:35753995:TTTAC:T	donor_loss	0.9900
9:35753996:TTACC:T	donor_loss	0.9900
9:35753997:TACCT:T	donor_loss	0.9900
9:35753998:ACCTT:A	donor_loss	0.9900
9:35753281:CTG:C	acceptor_loss	0.9800
9:35753290:C:T	acceptor_gain	0.9800
9:35753291:A:T	acceptor_gain	0.9800
9:35753658:A:AC	donor_gain	0.9700
9:35753659:C:CC	donor_gain	0.9700
9:35753277:GGACC:G	acceptor_gain	0.9600
9:35753278:GACCT:G	acceptor_gain	0.9600
9:35753278:GAC:G	acceptor_gain	0.9500
9:35753279:ACCTG:A	acceptor_gain	0.9500
9:35753769:C:CC	acceptor_gain	0.9500
9:35753094:T:G	donor_gain	0.9200
9:35753276:GGGAC:G	acceptor_gain	0.9200
9:35753277:GGAC:G	acceptor_gain	0.9200
9:35753280:CCTGG:C	acceptor_gain	0.9200
9:35753279:AC:A	acceptor_gain	0.9000
9:35753280:CC:C	acceptor_gain	0.9000
9:35753510:T:C	donor_gain	0.9000
9:35754117:T:TA	donor_gain	0.9000
9:35754022:G:A	donor_gain	0.8900
9:35754122:AGGG:A	donor_gain	0.8900
9:35753659:CGTGT:C	donor_gain	0.8600
9:35753764:GGGGG:G	acceptor_gain	0.8600

AlphaMissense

897 scored. Top likely-pathogenic:

Variant	Protein change	am_pathogenicity
9:35753722:C:A	W59C	0.997
9:35753722:C:G	W59C	0.997
9:35754011:A:C	F40C	0.988
9:35753669:C:G	C77S	0.987
9:35753670:A:T	C77S	0.987
9:35753694:A:G	C69R	0.984
9:35753248:C:G	C91S	0.983
9:35753249:A:T	C91S	0.983
9:35753693:C:G	C69S	0.983
9:35753694:A:T	C69S	0.983
9:35753699:C:G	C67S	0.983
9:35753700:A:T	C67S	0.983
9:35753666:C:G	C78S	0.982
9:35753667:A:T	C78S	0.982
9:35753679:C:A	G74C	0.982
9:35753692:A:C	C69W	0.982
9:35753724:A:G	W59R	0.981
9:35753724:A:T	W59R	0.981
9:35753762:C:G	C46S	0.980
9:35753763:A:T	C46S	0.980
9:35753260:A:C	F87C	0.979
9:35753670:A:G	C77R	0.979
9:35754010:G:C	F40L	0.979
9:35754010:G:T	F40L	0.979
9:35754012:A:G	F40L	0.979
9:35753762:C:T	C46Y	0.978
9:35753693:C:T	C69Y	0.977
9:35753698:G:C	C67W	0.977
9:35753699:C:T	C67Y	0.976
9:35753763:A:G	C46R	0.974

dbSNP variants (sampled 300 via entrez): RS1000699518 (9:35753765 G>A,T), RS1000751991 (9:35753433 G>A), RS1001878224 (9:35754461 G>A,T), RS1002022904 (9:35752965 A>C,G), RS1002918738 (9:35752970 G>A,C,T), RS1004329921 (9:35752560 T>A), RS1005102425 (9:35756269 C>T), RS1008686092 (9:35754563 C>T), RS1009029577 (9:35755646 A>G), RS1009508130 (9:35755477 C>A), RS1009557425 (9:35755726 G>A), RS1010553291 (9:35755324 G>A,T), RS1011635750 (9:35752493 G>A), RS1012867780 (9:35754907 C>G,T), RS1013212592 (9:35756135 A>G)

Disease associations

OMIM: gene MIM:612191 | disease phenotypes:

GenCC curated gene-disease

Mondo (0):

Orphanet (0):

HPO phenotypes

0 total (0 of 0 shown, HPO-id order):

GWAS associations

2 associations (top):

Study	Trait	p-value
GCST008839_364	Height	9.000000e-15
GCST010703_52	Brain morphology (MOSTest)	1.000000e-08

EFO canonical traits (1, from GWAS)

EFO ID	Trait name
EFO:0004346	neuroimaging measurement

Drugs & pharmacology

Drug and pharmacology data

Is drug target: no

PharmGKB: 1 entry (VIP=true, CPIC=false)

CTD chemical–gene interactions

4 total (human), top 4 by PubMed support.

Chemical	Actions (top 5)	PubMed papers
arsenite	affects binding, increases reaction	1
Drugs, Chinese Herbal	decreases expression	1
Oxygen	decreases expression	1
Lactic Acid	decreases expression	1

Clinical trials (associated diseases)

0 trials via MONDO — disease-level, not drug-specific.