MSRB1

gene
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Also known as SelRSepRSelXSELENOXSELENOR

Summary

MSRB1 (methionine sulfoxide reductase B1, HGNC:14133) is a protein-coding gene on chromosome 16p13.3, encoding Methionine-R-sulfoxide reductase B1 (Q9NZV6). Methionine-sulfoxide reductase that specifically reduces methionine (R)-sulfoxide back to methionine.

The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the methionine-R-sulfoxide reductase B (MsrB) family. Members of this family function as repair enzymes that protect proteins from oxidative stress by catalyzing the reduction of methionine-R-sulfoxides to methionines. This protein is highly expressed in liver and kidney, and is localized to the nucleus and cytosol. It is the only member of the MsrB family that is a selenoprotein, containing a selenocysteine (Sec) residue at its active site. It also has the highest methionine-R-sulfoxide reductase activity compared to other members containing cysteine in place of Sec. Sec is encoded by the UGA codon, which normally signals translation termination. The 3’ UTRs of selenoprotein mRNAs contain a conserved stem-loop structure, designated the Sec insertion sequence (SECIS) element, that is necessary for the recognition of UGA as a Sec codon, rather than as a stop signal. A pseudogene of this locus has been identified on chromosome 19.

Source: NCBI Gene 51734 — RefSeq curated summary.

At a glance

  • GWAS associations: 1
  • Clinical variants (ClinVar): 32 total
  • MANE Select transcript: NM_016332

Identifiers

Gene identifiers

FieldValue
HGNC IDHGNC:14133
Approved symbolMSRB1
Namemethionine sulfoxide reductase B1
Location16p13.3
Locus typegene with protein product
StatusApproved
AliasesSelR, SepR, SelX, SELENOX, SELENOR
Ensembl geneENSG00000198736
Ensembl biotypeprotein_coding
OMIM606216
Entrez51734

Gene structure

Transcript identifiers

Ensembl transcripts: 5 — 3 protein_coding, 1 retained_intron, 1 protein_coding_CDS_not_defined

ENST00000361871, ENST00000399753, ENST00000473663, ENST00000489198, ENST00000564908

RefSeq mRNA: 3 — MANE Select: NM_016332 NM_001382264, NM_001382265, NM_016332

CCDS: CCDS42100

Canonical transcript exons

ENST00000361871 — 4 exons

ExonStartEnd
ENSE0000143505819382291939143
ENSE0000260447319431021943199
ENSE0000354970119412571941405
ENSE0000359581419407781940892

Expression profiles

Bgee: expression breadth ubiquitous, 277 present calls, max score 98.98.

FANTOM5 (CAGE): breadth ubiquitous, TPM avg 25.7980 / max 909.1811, expressed in 1806 samples.

FANTOM5 promoters (5 alternative TSS)

Promoter IDTPM avgSamples expressed
15588020.99091790
1558813.01571560
1558821.5960831
1558780.142027
1558790.053521

Top tissues by expression

286 total, by Bgee expression score (0-100, higher = more expressed):

TissueAnatomy IDExpression scoreQuality
bloodUBERON:000017898.98gold quality
right lobe of liverUBERON:000111498.15gold quality
body of pancreasUBERON:000115097.74gold quality
trabecular bone tissueUBERON:000248397.47gold quality
diaphragmUBERON:000110397.41gold quality
monocyteCL:000057697.39gold quality
leukocyteCL:000073897.30gold quality
mononuclear cellCL:000084297.25gold quality
granulocyteCL:000009497.12gold quality
liverUBERON:000210797.11gold quality
bone marrowUBERON:000237196.53gold quality
lower esophagus muscularis layerUBERON:003583396.44gold quality
lower esophagusUBERON:001347396.42gold quality
periodontal ligamentUBERON:000826696.21gold quality
adult mammalian kidneyUBERON:000008296.15gold quality
esophagogastric junction muscularis propriaUBERON:003584196.03gold quality
mucosa of transverse colonUBERON:000499195.78gold quality
bone marrow cellCL:000209295.30gold quality
right coronary arteryUBERON:000162595.16gold quality
hindlimb stylopod muscleUBERON:000425294.83gold quality
popliteal arteryUBERON:000225094.82gold quality
tibial arteryUBERON:000761094.79gold quality
nephron tubuleUBERON:000123194.62gold quality
skeletal muscle tissue of rectus abdominisUBERON:000451194.45gold quality
mucosa of stomachUBERON:000119994.39gold quality
saphenous veinUBERON:000731894.33gold quality
body of tongueUBERON:001187694.32gold quality
left coronary arteryUBERON:000162694.27gold quality
coronary arteryUBERON:000162194.03gold quality
gastrocnemiusUBERON:000138893.99gold quality

Single-cell (SCXA)

Detected in 6 experiment(s), a significant marker in 6.

ExperimentMarker?Max mean expression
E-GEOD-114530yes902.27
E-HCAD-10yes29.73
E-CURD-112yes18.49
E-MTAB-9067yes11.21
E-MTAB-9801yes9.48
E-ANND-3no0.00

Regulation

Is transcription factor: no

Upstream regulators (CollecTRI, top): DNMT1, SP1

miRNA regulators (miRDB)

25 targeting MSRB1, top 30 by miRDB confidence (max_score; target_count = how many genes the miRNA targets in total — lower means more specific):

miRNAMax scoreAvg scoremiRNA target_count
HSA-MIR-545-3P99.9570.742783
HSA-MIR-124-3P99.8973.743043
HSA-MIR-506-3P99.8973.553057
HSA-MIR-612499.8769.783551
HSA-MIR-579-3P99.8671.663628
HSA-MIR-629-3P99.8567.991875
HSA-MIR-664B-3P99.8471.653590
HSA-MIR-6842-5P99.8067.541587
HSA-MIR-7110-5P99.8067.841712
HSA-MIR-320299.6667.702737
HSA-MIR-1212299.5669.331672
HSA-MIR-508-5P99.4164.251248
HSA-MIR-431699.3765.751360
HSA-MIR-520A-5P99.3566.721632
HSA-MIR-525-5P99.3566.851615
HSA-MIR-4667-3P99.2665.451608
HSA-MIR-6837-5P99.2565.471632
HSA-MIR-442699.1766.741949
HSA-MIR-66199.0965.942062
HSA-MIR-429798.7766.952013
HSA-MIR-1211498.7063.45730
HSA-MIR-7155-5P98.6566.141290
HSA-MIR-3145-5P98.5767.83900
HSA-MIR-6804-5P98.3965.771084
HSA-MIR-197-3P98.0969.231004

Literature-anchored findings (GeneRIF, showing 12)

  • The studies in mouse show that MsrB is a selenoprotein that exhibits high specificity for reduction of the R forms of free and protein-bound methionine sulfoxide. (PMID:11779133)
  • The neutrophils expressed the highest activity Msrs. Msrs are important as antioxidant/repair systems for neutrophils, cells with enormous capacity for the generation of reactive oxidants and hence, susceptible to oxidative damage. (PMID:17938273)
  • Strong candidate gene for schizophrenia; upregulated in lymphoblastoid cells of monozygotic twins. (PMID:18081029)
  • The results demonstrate that in human lens epithelial cells MsrB1 may play important roles in regulating redox balance and mitigating endoplasmic reticulum stress. (PMID:22713178)
  • MsrB1 plays important roles in protecting HLE cell mitochondria against oxidative damage and inhibits oxidative stress-induced apoptosis in diabetic cataracts by scavenging ROS. (PMID:23270945)
  • FRET and co-IP assays demonstrated that Clu interacted with beta-amyloid peptide, a pathological protein of AD, which suggested a potential effect of SelR and Abeta with the aid of Clu. The interaction between SelR and Clu provides a novel avenue for further study on the mechanism of SelR in AD prevention. (PMID:23805218)
  • Silencing the expression of the main Msr elements-MsrA, MsrB1, or MsrB2 exacerbates sensitivity toward oxidative stress. (PMID:23988788)
  • MsrB1 protected human lens epithelial cells against the peroxynitrite-induced F-actin disruption. (PMID:24342607)
  • Selenoprotein R Protects Human Lens Epithelial Cells against D-Galactose-Induced Apoptosis by Regulating Oxidative Stress and Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress (PMID:26875981)
  • findings suggested that SelX played important roles in protecting LO2 cells against oxidative damage and reducing H2O2-induced apoptosis in liver cells. (PMID:26899321)
  • In vivo, MsrB1 shRNAi can inhibit lung metastasis in metastasis model. In conclusion, MsrB1 regulates proliferation and invasion of u2os cells by affecting MAPK pathway and EMT, and MsrB1 gene may be a novel therapeutic target against tumors. (PMID:29395081)
  • The selenoprotein methionine sulfoxide reductase B1 (MSRB1). (PMID:36084791)

Cross-species orthologs

5 orthologs

OrganismSymbolGene ID
danio_reriomsrb1bENSDARG00000045160
mus_musculusMsrb1ENSMUSG00000075705
rattus_norvegicusMsrb1ENSRNOG00000055314
drosophila_melanogasterMsrAFBGN0000565
caenorhabditis_elegansWBGENE00018393

Paralogs (3): MSRB2 (ENSG00000148450), MSRB3 (ENSG00000174099), MSRA (ENSG00000175806)

Protein

Protein identifiers

Methionine-R-sulfoxide reductase B1Q9NZV6 (reviewed: Q9NZV6)

Alternative names: Selenoprotein X

All UniProt accessions (3): Q9NZV6, H3BS64, H3BTT6

UniProt curated annotations — full annotation on UniProt →

Function. Methionine-sulfoxide reductase that specifically reduces methionine (R)-sulfoxide back to methionine. While in many cases, methionine oxidation is the result of random oxidation following oxidative stress, methionine oxidation is also a post-translational modification that takes place on specific residue. Acts as a regulator of actin assembly by reducing methionine (R)-sulfoxide mediated by MICALs (MICAL1, MICAL2 or MICAL3) on actin, thereby promoting filament repolymerization. Plays a role in innate immunity by reducing oxidized actin, leading to actin repolymerization in macrophages.

Subcellular location. Cytoplasm. Nucleus. Cytoskeleton.

Post-translational modifications. Truncated MSRB1/SEPX1 proteins produced by failed UGA/Sec decoding are ubiquitinated by some Cul2-RING E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase complexes (containing either PRAME, PRAMF6, PRAMF9 or FEM1C as substrate-recognition component).

Cofactor. Binds 1 zinc ion per subunit.

Similarity. Belongs to the MsrB Met sulfoxide reductase family.

RefSeq proteins (3): NP_001369193, NP_001369194, NP_057416* (*=MANE)

Domains & families (InterPro)

IDNameType
IPR002579Met_Sox_Rdtase_MsrB_domDomain
IPR011057Mss4-like_sfHomologous_superfamily
IPR052150MsrB_Met_sulfoxide_reductaseFamily

Pfam: PF01641

Enzyme classification (BRENDA):

  • EC 1.8.4.12 — peptide-methionine (R)-S-oxide reductase (BRENDA: 101 organisms, 214 substrates, 7 inhibitors, 64 Km, 65 kcat entries)

Substrate kinetics (BRENDA)

19 substrates with measured Km, best-characterized 15. Km ranges are aggregated across organisms/conditions.

SubstrateKm (mM)Measurements
THIOREDOXIN0.004–79
L-METHIONINE-(R)-S-OXIDE0.054–1.38
DABSYL-L-METHIONINE (R)-S-OXIDE0.03–0.0857
DABSYL-L-METHIONINE (R)-SULFOXIDE0.02–0.066
N-ACETYL-L-METHIONINE-(R)-S-OXIDE0.043–0.4296
DITHIOTHREITOL0.0091–24
L-METHIONINE (R)-SULFOXIDE1.451–673
TRYPAREDOXIN I0.0016–0.00213
ACETYL-L-METHIONINE (R)-SULFOXIDE N-METHYL ESTER0.14–2.22
N-ACETYL-L-METHIONINE (R)-SULFOXIDE0.0492
(S)-1-NONEN-4-OL1.21
CDSP320.00021
GLUTAREDOXIN0.00281
GLUTAREDOXIN C40.00681
GLUTAREDOXIN S120.00051

Catalyzed reactions (Rhea), 2 shown:

  • [thioredoxin]-disulfide + L-methionine + H2O = L-methionine (R)-S-oxide + [thioredoxin]-dithiol (RHEA:21260)
  • L-methionyl-[protein] + [thioredoxin]-disulfide + H2O = L-methionyl-(R)-S-oxide-[protein] + [thioredoxin]-dithiol (RHEA:24164)

UniProt features (22 total): strand 10, binding site 4, helix 2, turn 2, chain 1, domain 1, active site 1, non-standard amino acid 1

Structure

Experimental structures (PDB)

1 structures.

PDBMethodResolution (Å)
3MAOX-RAY DIFFRACTION1.42

Predicted structure (AlphaFold)

No AlphaFold model available for Q9NZV6 — AlphaFold DB does not currently provide models for proteins above ~3000 aa.

Functional residue map

Curated UniProt residues grouped by drug-discovery relevance — catalytic, ligand-binding, modification, and mutation-validated positions. Source: UniProtKB sequence features.

Catalytic / active sites (1): 95 (nucleophile)

Ligand- & substrate-binding residues (4): 23; 26; 71; 74

Function

Pathways and Gene Ontology

Reactome pathways

2 pathways

IDPathway
R-HSA-5676934Protein repair
R-HSA-392499Metabolism of proteins

MSigDB gene sets: 179 (showing top): GRAESSMANN_APOPTOSIS_BY_DOXORUBICIN_UP, GRAESSMANN_RESPONSE_TO_MC_AND_DOXORUBICIN_UP, DITTMER_PTHLH_TARGETS_UP, COUP_01, GOBP_DEFENSE_RESPONSE_TO_OTHER_ORGANISM, RICKMAN_TUMOR_DIFFERENTIATED_WELL_VS_POORLY_DN, KESHELAVA_MULTIPLE_DRUG_RESISTANCE, GOBP_ACTIN_FILAMENT_ORGANIZATION, PPAR_DR1_Q2, BROWN_MYELOID_CELL_DEVELOPMENT_UP, GOMF_ACTIN_BINDING, YAO_TEMPORAL_RESPONSE_TO_PROGESTERONE_CLUSTER_5, PARENT_MTOR_SIGNALING_UP, NIKOLSKY_BREAST_CANCER_16P13_AMPLICON, GOMF_OXIDOREDUCTASE_ACTIVITY_ACTING_ON_A_SULFUR_GROUP_OF_DONORS_DISULFIDE_AS_ACCEPTOR

GO Biological Process (4): actin filament polymerization (GO:0030041), protein repair (GO:0030091), innate immune response (GO:0045087), immune system process (GO:0002376)

GO Molecular Function (7): actin binding (GO:0003779), zinc ion binding (GO:0008270), peptide-methionine (R)-S-oxide reductase activity (GO:0033743), L-methionine (R)-S-oxide reductase activity (GO:0033745), protein binding (GO:0005515), oxidoreductase activity (GO:0016491), metal ion binding (GO:0046872)

GO Cellular Component (5): nucleus (GO:0005634), cytosol (GO:0005829), actin cytoskeleton (GO:0015629), cytoplasm (GO:0005737), cytoskeleton (GO:0005856)

Reactome top-level categories

Rollup of top-1 pathways:

CategoryPathways
Metabolism of proteins1

GO top-level categories

Rollup of top GO terms by namespace:

CategoryTerms
oxidoreductase activity, acting on a sulfur group of donors, disulfide as acceptor2
cellular anatomical structure2
actin polymerization or depolymerization1
protein polymerization1
protein metabolic process1
immune response1
defense response to symbiont1
biological_process1
cytoskeletal protein binding1
transition metal ion binding1
catalytic activity, acting on a protein1
binding1
catalytic activity1
cation binding1
intracellular membrane-bounded organelle1
cytoplasm1
cytoskeleton1
intracellular anatomical structure1
intracellular membraneless organelle1

Protein interactions and networks

STRING

1154 interactions, top by confidence (×1000):

Protein AProtein BPartner UniProtScore
MSRB1SELENOKQ9Y6D0865
MSRB1SELENOOQ9BVL4842
MSRB1SELENOTP62341837
MSRB1GPX2P18283810
MSRB1GPX3P22352810
MSRB1SEPHS2Q99611808
MSRB1SELENOSQ9BQE4802
MSRB1SELENONQ9NZV5798
MSRB1SELENOWP63302793
MSRB1TXNRD2Q9NNW7792
MSRB1SELENOHQ8IZQ5787
MSRB1GPX7Q96SL4780
MSRB1SELENOFO60613779
MSRB1GPX6P59796771
MSRB1TXNRD3Q86VQ6752

IntAct

34 interactions, top by confidence:

ABTypeScore
MSRB1CLUpsi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)0.670
MSRB1CLUpsi-mi:“MI:2364”(proximity)0.670
MSRB1CLUpsi-mi:“MI:0407”(direct interaction)0.670
APPMSRB1psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)0.600
APPMSRB1psi-mi:“MI:0407”(direct interaction)0.600
IFT88MSRB1psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)0.560
CYSRT1MSRB1psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)0.560
INCA1MSRB1psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)0.560
TRIM27MSRB1psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)0.560
MSRB1E2psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)0.490
MSRB1psi-mi:“MI:0945”(oxidoreductase activity electron transfer reaction)0.440
CLUHMSRB1psi-mi:“MI:0945”(oxidoreductase activity electron transfer reaction)0.440
MSRB1E2psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)0.000
MSRB1IFT88psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)0.000
MSRB1CYSRT1psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)0.000
MSRB1TRIM27psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)0.000

BioGRID (18): MSRB1 (Affinity Capture-RNA), MSRB1 (Affinity Capture-MS), CLU (Two-hybrid), CLU (FRET), CLU (Affinity Capture-Western), MSRB1 (Affinity Capture-Western), MSRB1 (Reconstituted Complex), MSRB1 (Affinity Capture-RNA), MSRB1 (Two-hybrid), MSRB1 (Two-hybrid), MSRB1 (Two-hybrid), TRIM27 (Two-hybrid), MSRB1 (Affinity Capture-RNA), MSRB1 (Affinity Capture-RNA), MSRB1 (Two-hybrid)

ESM2 similar proteins: A0K833, A1E952, A5F6R2, A9AJS6, B1JTT6, B1YRN6, B4EBK9, B8GY23, C0M8H8, C0MDV8, C3LNU9, G2TRS2, O49707, P0DC42, P0DC43, P21220, P25566, P34436, P65447, P75129, Q0BEH0, Q1BH71, Q32GC7, Q39FG2, Q3MHL9, Q52KJ8, Q5R869, Q5XCD0, Q65ID2, Q6NW52, Q72EK2, Q7MMC4, Q802G6, Q84JT6, Q8D849, Q8GWF4, Q8P172, Q8VY86, Q92Y46, Q99ZV6

Diamond homologs: A1E952, A2SGN7, A3M4Q3, A4XVB1, B0BYW4, B0VC45, B0VR86, B1HZH4, B2HYT2, B7H3X2, B7I415, B9DNY9, C1DRM1, P14930, P25566, P34436, Q10L32, Q2YY44, Q3MHL9, Q46EH1, Q49XN4, Q4L6D3, Q52KJ8, Q5HPB4, Q5R869, Q6ADJ8, Q6AUK5, Q6FAL8, Q72NN2, Q802G6, Q84JT6, Q8BU85, Q8CSK6, Q8F7W8, Q8PWF5, Q8UGX7, Q9C5C8, Q9CJ17, Q9JLC3, Q9JWM8

SIGNOR signaling

0 interactions.

Disease & clinical

Clinical variants and AI predictions

ClinVar

32 variants total. Per-class counts are floors (≥ shown; pagination cap):

ClassificationCount (floor)
Pathogenic0
Likely pathogenic0
Uncertain significance25
Likely benign3
Benign0

Top pathogenic / likely-pathogenic (0)

SpliceAI

682 predictions. Top by Δscore:

VariantEffectΔscore
16:1940772:GCTCA:Gdonor_loss1.0000
16:1940773:CTCA:Cdonor_loss1.0000
16:1940774:TCA:Tdonor_loss1.0000
16:1940775:CA:Cdonor_loss1.0000
16:1940776:A:ATdonor_loss1.0000
16:1940777:CCTT:Cdonor_loss1.0000
16:1940890:CAC:Cacceptor_gain1.0000
16:1940892:CCTGG:Cacceptor_loss1.0000
16:1941254:CACCT:Cdonor_loss1.0000
16:1941255:A:ACdonor_gain1.0000
16:1941255:AC:Adonor_gain1.0000
16:1941255:ACC:Adonor_loss1.0000
16:1941256:C:CCdonor_gain1.0000
16:1941256:CC:Cdonor_gain1.0000
16:1941401:AACGC:Aacceptor_gain1.0000
16:1941402:ACGC:Aacceptor_gain1.0000
16:1941403:CGC:Cacceptor_gain1.0000
16:1941403:CGCC:Cacceptor_gain1.0000
16:1941404:GC:Gacceptor_gain1.0000
16:1941405:CCTG:Cacceptor_gain1.0000
16:1941406:C:Aacceptor_loss1.0000
16:1941406:C:CCacceptor_gain1.0000
16:1941408:G:Cacceptor_gain1.0000
16:1941408:G:GCacceptor_gain1.0000
16:1941411:G:Cacceptor_gain1.0000
16:1941411:G:GCacceptor_gain1.0000
16:1940891:AC:Aacceptor_gain0.9900
16:1940892:CC:Cacceptor_gain0.9900
16:1940893:C:CCacceptor_gain0.9900
16:1940894:T:Cacceptor_loss0.9900

AlphaMissense

0 scored. Top likely-pathogenic:

dbSNP variants (sampled 300 via entrez): RS1000252205 (16:1944802 G>T), RS1000935295 (16:1941688 C>T), RS1001244135 (16:1943521 G>C), RS1001317448 (16:1939397 C>A), RS1001327302 (16:1939196 G>C), RS1001608027 (16:1940250 G>A), RS1002045275 (16:1945123 A>C), RS1002058565 (16:1939922 C>A), RS1002344436 (16:1938016 G>A,C), RS1002623251 (16:1942605 C>T), RS1002872371 (16:1944386 GAGCTGACTCAGCGCAAGAAGAC>G), RS1002997510 (16:1940159 C>T), RS1003013946 (16:1941514 G>A), RS1003322713 (16:1944619 C>A,T), RS1003609358 (16:1942681 G>A)

Disease associations

OMIM: gene MIM:606216 | disease phenotypes:

GenCC curated gene-disease

Mondo (0):

Orphanet (0):

HPO phenotypes

0 total (0 of 0 shown, HPO-id order):

GWAS associations

1 associations (top):

StudyTraitp-value
GCST003139_19Glomerular filtration rate in chronic kidney disease5.000000e-06

Drugs & pharmacology

Drug and pharmacology data

Is drug target: no

PharmGKB: 1 entry (VIP=true, CPIC=false)

CTD chemical–gene interactions

39 total (human), top 30 by PubMed support.

ChemicalActions (top 5)PubMed papers
Valproic Acidincreases methylation, affects expression, increases expression3
Acetaminophendecreases expression2
Tobacco Smoke Pollutionincreases expression2
Aflatoxin B1affects expression, decreases expression2
aristolochic acid Iincreases expression1
selenomethylselenocysteineincreases expression1
triphenyl phosphateaffects expression1
uranyl acetateaffects expression1
beta-lapachoneincreases expression, decreases expression1
arseniteincreases reaction, affects binding1
sulforaphaneincreases expression1
cupric chlorideincreases expression1
beta-methylcholineaffects expression1
di-n-butylphosphoric acidaffects expression1
K 7174decreases expression1
abrinedecreases expression1
Temozolomideincreases expression1
Sunitinibdecreases expression1
Leflunomidedecreases expression1
Air Pollutantsdecreases expression, increases abundance1
Air Pollutants, Occupationaldecreases expression1
Atrazinedecreases expression1
Benzo(a)pyrenedecreases expression1
Estradiolaffects expression1
Ethyl Methanesulfonatedecreases expression1
Formaldehydedecreases expression1
Leadaffects expression1
Methyl Methanesulfonatedecreases expression1
Nickeldecreases expression1
Smokedecreases expression1

Cellosaurus cell lines

1 cell lines: 1 cancer cell line

First 10 cell lines (id-ordered, not curated):

CellosaurusNameCategorySex
CVCL_E2CSHAP1 MSRB1 (-)Cancer cell lineMale

Clinical trials (associated diseases)

0 trials via MONDO — disease-level, not drug-specific.

No linked Atlas pages yet — the cross-entity mesh grows as the corpus expands.