MT-RNR2
gene geneOn this page
Also known as HN16S
Summary
MT-RNR2 (mitochondrially encoded 16S rRNA, HGNC:7471) is a mitochondrial rRNA gene on chromosome mitochondria. Binds to and activates chemokine receptor ACKR3/CXCR7 which results in activation of proopiomelanocortin neurons in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus, leading to suppression of food intake and increased energy expenditure.
Enables G protein-coupled receptor binding activity; identical protein binding activity; and receptor antagonist activity. Involved in several processes, including cellular response to amyloid-beta; negative regulation of macromolecule metabolic process; and regulation of defense response. Located in several cellular components, including mitochondrion; perinuclear region of cytoplasm; and sperm midpiece.
Source: NCBI Gene 4550 — RefSeq curated summary.
At a glance
- Gene type: non-coding (Mt_rRNA) — no protein product; not a drug target. Variant/disease associations are omitted (they would be positional, from an overlapping protein-coding gene).
Identifiers
Gene identifiers
| Field | Value |
|---|---|
| HGNC ID | HGNC:7471 |
| Approved symbol | MT-RNR2 |
| Name | mitochondrially encoded 16S rRNA |
| Location | mitochondria |
| Locus type | RNA, ribosomal |
| Status | Approved |
| Aliases | HN, 16S |
| Ensembl gene | ENSG00000210082 |
| Ensembl biotype | Mt_rRNA |
| OMIM | 561010 |
| Entrez | 4550 |
| RNAcentral | URS000047A7F4 — rRNA, 1559 nt, 1 organism(s) |
Gene structure
Transcript identifiers
Ensembl transcripts: 1 — 1 Mt_rRNA
ENST00000387347
RefSeq mRNA: 0 — MANE Select: None
Canonical transcript exons
ENST00000387347 — 1 exons
| Exon | Start | End |
|---|---|---|
| ENSE00001544497 | 1671 | 3229 |
Expression profiles
Bgee: expression breadth ubiquitous, 134 present calls, max score 100.00.
FANTOM5 (CAGE): breadth ubiquitous, TPM avg 5089.7649 / max 134219.9805, expressed in 1828 samples.
FANTOM5 promoters (1 alternative TSS)
| Promoter ID | TPM avg | Samples expressed |
|---|---|---|
| 194827 | 5089.7649 | 1828 |
Top tissues by expression
134 total, by Bgee expression score (0-100, higher = more expressed):
| Tissue | Anatomy ID | Expression score | Quality |
|---|---|---|---|
| monocyte | CL:0000576 | 100.00 | gold quality |
| prefrontal cortex | UBERON:0000451 | 100.00 | gold quality |
| frontal cortex | UBERON:0001870 | 100.00 | gold quality |
| temporal lobe | UBERON:0001871 | 100.00 | gold quality |
| caudate nucleus | UBERON:0001873 | 100.00 | gold quality |
| putamen | UBERON:0001874 | 100.00 | gold quality |
| amygdala | UBERON:0001876 | 100.00 | gold quality |
| nucleus accumbens | UBERON:0001882 | 100.00 | gold quality |
| hypothalamus | UBERON:0001898 | 100.00 | gold quality |
| Ammon’s horn | UBERON:0001954 | 100.00 | gold quality |
| substantia nigra | UBERON:0002038 | 100.00 | gold quality |
| primary visual cortex | UBERON:0002436 | 100.00 | gold quality |
| superior frontal gyrus | UBERON:0002661 | 100.00 | gold quality |
| Brodmann (1909) area 9 | UBERON:0013540 | 100.00 | gold quality |
| adrenal tissue | UBERON:0018303 | 100.00 | gold quality |
| granulocyte | CL:0000094 | 99.99 | gold quality |
| leukocyte | CL:0000738 | 99.99 | gold quality |
| adult mammalian kidney | UBERON:0000082 | 99.99 | gold quality |
| cerebral cortex | UBERON:0000956 | 99.99 | gold quality |
| cerebellum | UBERON:0002037 | 99.99 | gold quality |
| cerebellar cortex | UBERON:0002129 | 99.99 | gold quality |
| cerebellar hemisphere | UBERON:0002245 | 99.99 | gold quality |
| right frontal lobe | UBERON:0002810 | 99.99 | gold quality |
| calcaneal tendon | UBERON:0003701 | 99.99 | gold quality |
| hindlimb stylopod muscle | UBERON:0004252 | 99.99 | gold quality |
| C1 segment of cervical spinal cord | UBERON:0006469 | 99.99 | gold quality |
| dorsolateral prefrontal cortex | UBERON:0009834 | 99.99 | gold quality |
| anterior cingulate cortex | UBERON:0009835 | 99.99 | gold quality |
| rectum | UBERON:0001052 | 99.98 | gold quality |
| cortex of kidney | UBERON:0001225 | 99.98 | gold quality |
Single-cell (SCXA)
Detected in 11 experiment(s), a significant marker in 5.
| Experiment | Marker? | Max mean expression |
|---|---|---|
| E-MTAB-10662 | yes | 88079.18 |
| E-GEOD-180759 | yes | 61606.83 |
| E-CURD-119 | yes | 57497.67 |
| E-GEOD-131882 | yes | 54147.30 |
| E-HCAD-35 | yes | 16371.69 |
| E-MTAB-10287 | no | 78725.18 |
| E-HCAD-30 | no | 20175.01 |
| E-CURD-126 | no | 19569.72 |
| E-MTAB-11268 | no | 13456.49 |
| E-MTAB-9543 | no | 1.70 |
| E-ANND-3 | no | 0.00 |
Regulation
Is transcription factor: no
Literature-anchored findings (GeneRIF, showing 15)
- The long HN cDNA sequence is virtually identical to mitochondrial rRNA (GenBank accession no. AB055387); see erratum for additional details. (PMID:11371646)
- A hitherto unknown heteroplasmic mutation at position C2839A base pair in the 16s rRNA region of the mitochondrial genome was evident only in Dupuytren’s contracture patients (90%) & may be important in its pathogenesis. (PMID:15622243)
- Solution structure of humanin peptide. (PMID:15721287)
- Humanin expression may reflect a physiological response against degenerative changes in the muscles of patients with chronic progressive external ophthalmoplegia (PMID:16639504)
- analysis of novel de novo mutation in the 16S ribosomal RNA, a nucleotide which is highly conserved in different species, that may impair mitochondrial protein synthesis and would cause a severe myopathy (PMID:17761147)
- Results show that the mitochondrial 16S rRNA T414G mutation does not cause per se any detectable bioenergetic changes. (PMID:18796524)
- This study reports a mitochondrial 16S rRNA 2336T>C mutation that is associated with maternally inherited hypertrophic cardiomyopathy combined with atrioventricular block. (PMID:24367055)
- Mitochondrial gene mutations may cause late-onset, progressive, and ski-sloping sensorineural hearing loss. (PMID:24770403)
- Data show methylation status of two mitochondrial genes MT-RNR1 and MT-RNR2 encoding for mitochondrial 12S and 16S ribosomal RNAs, respectively. (PMID:26343273)
- highly disruptive 16S rRNA mutations are present in clinical samples (PMID:26349026)
- serum humanin concentrations increased in women with pre-eclampsia, compared to women with uncomplicated pregnancies (PMID:28110609)
- Levels of lactate and mitochondrial pyruvate carrier (MPC1) mRNA were determined to scrutinize the prevalence of aerobic glycolysis..MT-RNR2 plays its anti-apoptotic role partly by avoiding deploying energy from complete oxidation of organic compounds to inorganic wastes. Thus MT-RNR2 can potentially serve as a new biomarker in the diagnosis of bladder carcinoma especially that it is present in blood circulation (PMID:28462847)
- Serum levels of humanin (MT-RNR2) are lower in women with gestational diabetes mellitus than in control women. (PMID:29909696)
- The mitochondrial derived peptide humanin is a regulator of lifespan and healthspan. (PMID:32575074)
- Identification of new variants in MTRNR1 and MTRNR2 genes using whole mitochondrial genome sequencing in a Taiwanese family with MERRF (myoclonic epilepsy with ragged-red fibers) syndrome. (PMID:37683310)
Cross-species orthologs
0 orthologs
Protein
Non-coding RNA — no protein product; not a drug target.
Function
No curated pathway, Gene-Ontology, or interaction data.
Disease & clinical
No curated disease, variant, or cancer-driver associations.
Drugs & pharmacology
No drug or pharmacology data — not an established drug target.
Related Atlas pages
No linked Atlas pages yet — the cross-entity mesh grows as the corpus expands.