MT1A

Summary

MT1A (metallothionein 1A, HGNC:7393) is a protein-coding gene on chromosome 16q13, encoding Metallothionein-1A (P04731). Metallothioneins have a high content of cysteine residues that bind various heavy metals; these proteins are transcriptionally regulated by both heavy metals and glucocorticoids.

This gene is a member of the metallothionein family of genes. Proteins encoded by this gene family are low in molecular weight, are cysteine-rich, lack aromatic residues, and bind divalent heavy metal ions. The conserved cysteine residues co-ordinate metal ions using mercaptide linkages. These proteins act as anti-oxidants, protect against hydroxyl free radicals, are important in homeostatic control of metal in the cell, and play a role in detoxification of heavy metals. Disruption of two metallothionein genes in mouse resulted in defects in protection against heavy metals, oxidative stress, immune reactions, carcinogens, and displayed obesity.

Source: NCBI Gene 4489 — RefSeq curated summary.

At a glance

• GWAS associations: 1
• Clinical variants (ClinVar): 6 total
• MANE Select transcript: NM_005946

Identifiers

Gene identifiers

Field	Value
HGNC ID	HGNC:7393
Approved symbol	MT1A
Name	metallothionein 1A
Location	16q13
Locus type	gene with protein product
Status	Approved
Ensembl gene	ENSG00000205362
Ensembl biotype	protein_coding
OMIM	156350
Entrez	4489

Gene structure

Transcript identifiers

Ensembl transcripts: 4 — 4 protein_coding

ENST00000290705, ENST00000908024, ENST00000908025, ENST00000927706

RefSeq mRNA: 1 — MANE Select: NM_005946 NM_005946

CCDS: CCDS32454

Canonical transcript exons

ENST00000290705 — 3 exons

Exon	Start	End
ENSE00001379268	56639859	56640087
ENSE00001518676	56638666	56638766
ENSE00001658022	56639264	56639329

Expression profiles

Bgee: expression breadth ubiquitous, 146 present calls, max score 99.89.

FANTOM5 (CAGE): breadth broad, TPM avg 22.1152 / max 3942.3575, expressed in 891 samples.

FANTOM5 promoters (1 alternative TSS)

Promoter ID	TPM avg	Samples expressed
154247	22.1152	891

Top tissues by expression

152 total, by Bgee expression score (0-100, higher = more expressed):

Tissue	Anatomy ID	Expression score	Quality
layer of synovial tissue	UBERON:0007616	99.89	gold quality
middle frontal gyrus	UBERON:0002702	99.73	gold quality
epithelium of bronchus	UBERON:0002031	99.69	gold quality
metanephric glomerulus	UBERON:0004736	99.53	gold quality
dorsal root ganglion	UBERON:0000044	99.42	gold quality
dorsal plus ventral thalamus	UBERON:0001897	99.37	gold quality
trachea	UBERON:0003126	99.10	gold quality
paraflocculus	UBERON:0005351	99.04	gold quality
frontal pole	UBERON:0002795	99.00	gold quality
vastus lateralis	UBERON:0001379	98.83	gold quality
quadriceps femoris	UBERON:0001377	98.82	gold quality
Brodmann (1909) area 10	UBERON:0013541	98.37	gold quality
cerebellar vermis	UBERON:0004720	98.09	gold quality
left uterine tube	UBERON:0001303	98.04	gold quality
thymus	UBERON:0002370	97.82	gold quality
endometrium epithelium	UBERON:0004811	97.39	gold quality
omental fat pad	UBERON:0010414	96.89	gold quality
right lobe of liver	UBERON:0001114	96.67	gold quality
lower esophagus mucosa	UBERON:0035834	96.08	gold quality
adipose tissue	UBERON:0001013	94.22	gold quality
liver	UBERON:0002107	93.73	gold quality
mucosa of transverse colon	UBERON:0004991	93.44	gold quality
subcutaneous adipose tissue	UBERON:0002190	92.20	gold quality
right lobe of thyroid gland	UBERON:0001119	91.73	gold quality
mucosa of stomach	UBERON:0001199	91.52	gold quality
gall bladder	UBERON:0002110	91.45	gold quality
left coronary artery	UBERON:0001626	91.41	gold quality
upper lobe of left lung	UBERON:0008952	91.09	gold quality
popliteal artery	UBERON:0002250	90.75	gold quality
tibial artery	UBERON:0007610	90.75	gold quality

Single-cell (SCXA)

Detected in 5 experiment(s), a significant marker in 5.

Experiment	Marker?	Max mean expression
E-CURD-126	yes	2343.49
E-MTAB-7052	yes	193.91
E-GEOD-135922	yes	25.91
E-GEOD-130148	yes	4.37
E-ANND-3	no	0.00

Regulation

Is transcription factor: no

Upstream regulators (CollecTRI, top): CEBPD, CXXC1, DNMT1, DNMT3A, FOS, HIF1A, HOXA1, IRF6, JDP2, JUN, LMO2, MTF1, NFE2L2, NFIC, NR3C1, NRF1, RBPJ, SP1, SPI1, STAT1, STAT3, TBP, TBXT, TCF3, TFCP2, USF1, ZNF410

miRNA regulators (miRDB)

11 targeting MT1A, top 30 by miRDB confidence (max_score; target_count = how many genes the miRNA targets in total — lower means more specific):

miRNA	Max score	Avg score	miRNA target_count
HSA-MIR-4795-3P	100.00	74.62	4024
HSA-MIR-3148	99.97	75.06	6478
HSA-MIR-3688-3P	99.97	72.02	2834
HSA-MIR-101-3P	99.94	75.03	2230
HSA-MIR-144-3P	99.94	73.98	2698
HSA-MIR-12130	99.75	65.47	452
HSA-MIR-545-5P	99.66	70.18	2308
HSA-MIR-891B	99.59	69.81	1083
HSA-MIR-4506	99.34	67.47	526
HSA-MIR-382-3P	98.83	67.10	1074
HSA-MIR-6823-5P	96.26	65.69	919

Literature-anchored findings (GeneRIF, showing 40)

• Metallothionein, potential interaction partner for ECRG2, might be involved in regulation of cell proliferation and apoptosis and in various physiological processes. (PMID:12970870)
• metallothionein measured in renal specimens from cadaver kidneys was restricted to tubular cells with no differences between controls and patients with death due to chronic diseases (PMID:15812196)
• The overexpression of human MT1A gene dynamically affected cell viability, and the effect was influenced by zinc and cadmium ions. (PMID:16087360)
• MT-II mRNA expression may be involved in cell proliferation in the livers of patients with chronic HCV infection. (PMID:16107899)
• +647 MT1a genetic polymorphism may be essential for longevity in women. (PMID:16955215)
• analysis of glial fibrillary acidic protein, metallothionein, and MHC II expression in human, rat and mouse cells (PMID:17008879)
• The findings define a pathway for cellular metal acquisition. The results suggest a function of MT in intercellular communication. (PMID:17111383)
• One biomarker which has recently shown to be expressed in various human tumors but still less reported in carcinoma is metallothionein. (PMID:17373731)
• The partially metallated and metal-free metallothionein-1a species are stable intermediates and thus may have a potential role in the currently undefined function of metallothionein. (PMID:17388808)
• The goals of this study were to define the expression of the isoforms of MT 1, 2, 3 at both mRNA and protein levels, in normal prostate, benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and malignant PC-3 cells. (PMID:18208603)
• the association of the +647 A/C MT1A polymorphism with diabetes mellitus 2 and cardiovascular complications (PMID:18249147)
• the interleukin-6 and metallothionein 1a genes act in a concerted manner to control zinc-regulated gene expression (PMID:18316168)
• Metal exchange in metallothioneins: a novel structurally significant Cd(5) species in the alpha domain of MT1A. (PMID:18429853)
• This study provides the necessary data establishing unambiguously the noncooperative nature of cadmium binding to both isolated domains and the combined beta-domains (beta-rhMT) of human MT-1a. (PMID:18533113)
• Lupus nephritis is associated with significant alterations in renal MT-I+II expression. Important prognostic information can be deduced from the renal MT-I+II expression profile in systemic lupus erythematosus patients with nephritis. (PMID:18601746)
• MT-IA mRNA expression in HPBLs may be used as a biomarker for renal dysfunction in occupational cadmium exposure. (PMID:19359654)
• HIF-1alpha expression qualified as an independent prognostic and characterised an aggressive cancer phenotype associated with an increased expression of MT. (PMID:19529947)
• Data show that MT-I + II and megalin are significantly altered in CNS lymphoma relative to controls. (PMID:20038220)
• MT-1A, -1F, -1G, -1X and -2A isoforms are significantly down-regulated in proliferating keloid fibroblasts. (PMID:20812968)
• The expression of metallothioneins MT1A and MT1X was significantly downregulated during differentiation of Caco-2 cells treated with high levels of zinc. (PMID:21103883)
• Variations in the ability of LAT1/DMT1/MTF1/MT1a to process and transport Hg may not play a significant role in the etiology of autism. (PMID:21798283)
• Possible role of MT as a marker of cell stress and homeostasis restoration in Graves’disease. (PMID:22090273)
• MT1A rs11076161 was associated with B-Cd concentrations and Cd-induced kidney toxicity at high exposure levels. (PMID:22995156)
• A positive correlation between MT and Ki-67 expression was observed for all the studied cases but was even stronger in the metatypic subtype of basal cell carcinoma. (PMID:23042264)
• Polymorphisms in the MT1A gene may influence excretion of urine uric acid and N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosamine in chronic lead-exposed workers. (PMID:23429061)
• MT-1A is epigenetically regulated by PU.1 during monocytic differentiation. (PMID:23501100)
• During the titration with Zn(2+), the electrospray ionization mass spectrometry data show that several metalated species coexist until the fully saturated proteins are formed. (PMID:23506369)
• Increased metallothionein expression reflects steroid resistance in renal allograft recipients. (PMID:23763497)
• Low MT1A expression is associateed with lung carcinogenesis. (PMID:23947958)
• The metal-free, apo-alpha-MT also adopts a folded structure in the presence of the As(3+) even though there is no As(3+) bound. (PMID:24140052)
• Data indicate the calculated equilibrium zinc binding constants of each of the 7 zinc metallothionein 1A species ranged from a high of (log(KF)) 12.5 to a low of 11.8. (PMID:25208334)
• Modeling of the reactions showed that at both physiological (7.4) and acidic (5.8) pHs, zinc binding and cadmium exchanges occur essentially randomly between two MT1A fragments. (PMID:26167879)
• The Zinc and Cadmium exchange kinetics between human MT1A and carbonic anhydrase were examined using time-dependent electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. (PMID:26401817)
• We report on the competitive zinc metalation of apo-carbonic anhydrase [CA; metal-free CA (apo-CA)] in the presence of apo-metallothionein 1A domain fragments to identify domain specific determinants of zinc binding and zinc donation (PMID:26475450)
• Zn(ii) and Cd(ii) metalation of the human MT1a takes place through two distinct pathways. (PMID:26583802)
• MTF1 heads a hierarchy of zinc sensors, and through controlling the expression of a raft of metallothioneins and other key proteins involved in controlling intracellular zinc levels (e.g. ZnT1) alters zinc buffering capacity and total cellular zinc content. (PMID:26824222)
• These results clearly suggest that MT-1 may be involved in AD pathogenesis. (PMID:26836194)
• Neonatal phthalate ester exposure induced placental MTs, FATP1 and HFABP mRNA expression (PMID:26867681)
• The present study was undertaken to explore further the interrelationship between p53 and metallothioneins. (PMID:27049123)
• blockade of metallothioneins 1 and 2 constitutes a promising approach for the treatment of conditions which result in muscle atrophy. (PMID:27956698)

Cross-species orthologs

1 orthologs

Organism	Symbol	Gene ID
danio_rerio	mt2	ENSDARG00000041623

Paralogs (11): MT3 (ENSG00000087250), MT4 (ENSG00000102891), MT1G (ENSG00000125144), MT2A (ENSG00000125148), MT1B (ENSG00000169688), MT1E (ENSG00000169715), MT1X (ENSG00000187193), MT1F (ENSG00000198417), MT1H (ENSG00000205358), MT1M (ENSG00000205364), MT1HL1 (ENSG00000244020)

Protein

Protein identifiers

Metallothionein-1A — P04731 (reviewed: P04731)

Alternative names: Metallothionein-IA

All UniProt accessions (1): P04731

UniProt curated annotations — full annotation on UniProt →

Function. Metallothioneins have a high content of cysteine residues that bind various heavy metals; these proteins are transcriptionally regulated by both heavy metals and glucocorticoids.

Subunit / interactions. Monomer.

Domain organisation. Class I metallothioneins contain 2 metal-binding domains: four divalent ions are chelated within cluster A of the alpha domain and are coordinated via cysteinyl thiolate bridges to 11 cysteine ligands. Cluster B, the corresponding region within the beta domain, can ligate three divalent ions to 9 cysteines.

Similarity. Belongs to the metallothionein superfamily. Type 1 family.

RefSeq proteins (1): NP_005937* (*=MANE)

Domains & families (InterPro)

ID	Name	Type
IPR000006	Metalthion_vert	Family
IPR017854	Metalthion_dom_sf	Homologous_superfamily
IPR018064	Metalthion_vert_metal_BS	Binding_site
IPR023587	Metalthion_dom_sf_vert	Homologous_superfamily

Pfam: PF00131

UniProt features (35 total): binding site 28, region of interest 2, modified residue 2, sequence variant 2, chain 1

Structure

Experimental structures (PDB)

0 structures.

Predicted structure (AlphaFold)

Model	pLDDT	Fraction very-high
AF-P04731-F1	79.00	0.00

Functional residue map

Curated UniProt residues grouped by drug-discovery relevance — catalytic, ligand-binding, modification, and mutation-validated positions. Source: UniProtKB sequence features.

Ligand- & substrate-binding residues (28): 21; 24; 24; 26; 29; 33; 34; 34; 36; 37; 37; 41 …

Post-translational modifications (2): 1, 58

Function

Pathways and Gene Ontology

Reactome pathways

3 pathways

ID	Pathway
R-HSA-5661231	Metallothioneins bind metals
R-HSA-5660526	Response to metal ions
R-HSA-8953897	Cellular responses to stimuli

MSigDB gene sets: 95 (showing top): BENPORATH_ES_WITH_H3K27ME3, GOBP_RESPONSE_TO_ZINC_ION, GOBP_CELLULAR_RESPONSE_TO_CADMIUM_ION, GOBP_GROWTH, SCHLESINGER_METHYLATED_DE_NOVO_IN_CANCER, GOBP_RESPONSE_TO_COPPER_ION, GOBP_RESPONSE_TO_METAL_ION, ACEVEDO_LIVER_TUMOR_VS_NORMAL_ADJACENT_TISSUE_DN, BROWNE_HCMV_INFECTION_14HR_DN, GOBP_DETOXIFICATION, GOBP_CELLULAR_RESPONSE_TO_ZINC_ION, FONTAINE_PAPILLARY_THYROID_CARCINOMA_DN, PETROVA_ENDOTHELIUM_LYMPHATIC_VS_BLOOD_DN, GOBP_MONOATOMIC_ION_HOMEOSTASIS, GOBP_RESPONSE_TO_TOXIC_SUBSTANCE

GO Biological Process (6): intracellular zinc ion homeostasis (GO:0006882), detoxification of copper ion (GO:0010273), negative regulation of growth (GO:0045926), cellular response to cadmium ion (GO:0071276), cellular response to copper ion (GO:0071280), cellular response to zinc ion (GO:0071294)

GO Molecular Function (3): zinc ion binding (GO:0008270), metal ion binding (GO:0046872), protein binding (GO:0005515)

GO Cellular Component (3): nucleus (GO:0005634), cytoplasm (GO:0005737), cytosol (GO:0005829)

Reactome top-level categories

Rollup of top-2 pathways:

Category	Pathways
Response to metal ions	1
Cellular responses to stimuli	1

GO top-level categories

Rollup of top GO terms by namespace:

Category	Terms
cellular response to metal ion	3
cellular anatomical structure	2
intracellular monoatomic cation homeostasis	1
inorganic ion homeostasis	1
detoxification of inorganic compound	1
stress response to copper ion	1
growth	1
regulation of growth	1
negative regulation of biological process	1
response to cadmium ion	1
response to copper ion	1
response to zinc ion	1
transition metal ion binding	1
cation binding	1
binding	1
intracellular membrane-bounded organelle	1
intracellular anatomical structure	1
cytoplasm	1

Protein interactions and networks

STRING

388 interactions, top by confidence (×1000):

Protein A	Protein B	Partner UniProt	Score
MT1A	ATP7B	P35670	699
MT1A	KRT4	P19013	666
MT1A	BAG3	O95817	650
MT1A	BAG2	O95816	635
MT1A	SLC30A1	Q9Y6M5	616
MT1A	KRT13	P13646	588
MT1A	ATP7A	Q04656	574
MT1A	NQO1	P15559	572
MT1A	KRT33A	O76009	550
MT1A	MTF1	Q14872	549
MT1A	GSR	P00390	546
MT1A	APRT	P07741	525
MT1A	TP53	P04637	504
MT1A	BAG1	Q99933	492
MT1A	ZNF570	Q96NI8	445

IntAct

9 interactions, top by confidence:

A	B	Type	Score
TP53	MT1A	psi-mi:“MI:0407”(direct interaction)	0.540
MT1A	TP53	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.540
GPR50	MT1A	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.520
GPR50	MT1A	psi-mi:“MI:2364”(proximity)	0.520
GPR50	MT1A	psi-mi:“MI:0403”(colocalization)	0.520
MT1A	GNAI1	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.400
ARRB1	MT1A	psi-mi:“MI:2364”(proximity)	0.270

BioGRID (3): MT1A (Affinity Capture-MS), MT1A (Affinity Capture-RNA), MT1A (Co-fractionation)

ESM2 similar proteins: A1L3X4, O18842, O42152, P02797, P02798, P02800, P02801, P02802, P02803, P02804, P04355, P04731, P04733, P07438, P09577, P09578, P0DM35, P11957, P13640, P14425, P15786, P17808, P18055, P25713, P27087, P37360, P55942, P55943, P55944, P58280, P67981, P67982, P67983, P68041, P68301, P68302, P68303, P68304, P79376, P79377

Diamond homologs: O18842, O19000, P02795, P02797, P02798, P02800, P02801, P02802, P02803, P02804, P04355, P04731, P04732, P04733, P07438, P09577, P09578, P0DM35, P11957, P13640, P14425, P17808, P18055, P47944, P47945, P49068, P55942, P55943, P58280, P67981, P67982, P67983, P68041, P68301, P68302, P68303, P68304, P79376, P79377, P79378

SIGNOR signaling

0 interactions.

Disease & clinical

Clinical variants and AI predictions

ClinVar

6 variants total. Per-class counts are floors (≥ shown; pagination cap):

Classification	Count (floor)
Pathogenic	0
Likely pathogenic	0
Uncertain significance	4
Likely benign	0
Benign	0

Top pathogenic / likely-pathogenic (0)

SpliceAI

168 predictions. Top by Δscore:

Variant	Effect	Δscore
16:56639325:GAAGA:G	donor_gain	1.0000
16:56639328:GA:G	donor_gain	1.0000
16:56639330:G:GG	donor_gain	1.0000
16:56638765:TGG:T	donor_loss	0.9900
16:56638767:G:GC	donor_loss	0.9900
16:56638767:G:GG	donor_gain	0.9900
16:56639749:GAAC:G	donor_gain	0.9900
16:56639752:C:CG	donor_gain	0.9900
16:56639752:C:G	donor_gain	0.9900
16:56640003:G:GT	donor_gain	0.9900
16:56638764:CTG:C	donor_gain	0.9800
16:56638773:GATGC:G	donor_gain	0.9800
16:56639327:AGA:A	donor_gain	0.9800
16:56639328:GAG:G	donor_gain	0.9800
16:56639258:TTGCA:T	acceptor_loss	0.9700
16:56639259:TGCAG:T	acceptor_loss	0.9700
16:56639260:GCAG:G	acceptor_loss	0.9700
16:56639261:CA:C	acceptor_loss	0.9700
16:56639262:AGGT:A	acceptor_gain	0.9700
16:56639263:GGTG:G	acceptor_gain	0.9700
16:56639974:A:G	donor_gain	0.9700
16:56639988:ACCT:A	donor_gain	0.9700
16:56638763:ACTG:A	donor_gain	0.9600
16:56638773:G:T	donor_gain	0.9600
16:56638777:C:G	donor_gain	0.9600
16:56639326:AAGA:A	donor_gain	0.9600
16:56639327:AGAGT:A	donor_loss	0.9600
16:56639329:AG:A	donor_loss	0.9600
16:56639330:GTGA:G	donor_loss	0.9600
16:56639331:TGAG:T	donor_loss	0.9600

AlphaMissense

403 scored. Top likely-pathogenic:

Variant	Protein change	am_pathogenicity
16:56639875:C:G	C37W	0.770
16:56639278:T:C	C15R	0.760
16:56639272:T:C	C13R	0.734
16:56639873:T:C	C37R	0.728
16:56639906:T:C	C48R	0.722
16:56639872:C:G	C36W	0.721
16:56639311:T:C	C26R	0.719
16:56639870:T:C	C36R	0.719
16:56639866:C:G	C34W	0.717
16:56639873:T:A	C37S	0.711
16:56639874:G:C	C37S	0.711
16:56639887:T:G	C41W	0.711
16:56639906:T:A	C48S	0.711
16:56639907:G:C	C48S	0.711
16:56638753:C:G	C5W	0.710
16:56639280:C:G	C15W	0.710
16:56639313:C:G	C26W	0.700
16:56639894:T:A	C44S	0.699
16:56639895:G:C	C44S	0.699
16:56639912:T:A	C50S	0.699
16:56639913:G:C	C50S	0.699
16:56639896:T:G	C44W	0.698
16:56639914:C:G	C50W	0.696
16:56639290:T:C	C19R	0.692
16:56639908:C:G	C48W	0.688
16:56639941:C:G	C59W	0.687
16:56639935:C:G	C57W	0.685
16:56639863:C:G	C33W	0.678
16:56638759:C:G	C7W	0.675
16:56639278:T:A	C15S	0.675

dbSNP variants (sampled 300 via entrez): RS1000414492 (16:56638570 G>C,T), RS1000468265 (16:56638822 G>C,T), RS1004262434 (16:56638371 A>T), RS1005877412 (16:56639239 C>A), RS1009176788 (16:56637965 G>T), RS1010436105 (16:56638842 T>G), RS1010864296 (16:56639175 G>A), RS1014286451 (16:56638552 C>A,T), RS1014601690 (16:56639483 G>A,T), RS1015001896 (16:56639253 C>T), RS1015595126 (16:56638183 G>A,C), RS1019117763 (16:56639199 G>A), RS1020783645 (16:56640257 T>G), RS1020817428 (16:56639951 T>A), RS1022965035 (16:56638554 G>A)

Disease associations

OMIM: gene MIM:156350 | disease phenotypes:

GenCC curated gene-disease

Mondo (0):

Orphanet (0):

HPO phenotypes

0 total (0 of 0 shown, HPO-id order):

GWAS associations

1 associations (top):

Study	Trait	p-value
GCST010242_428	HDL cholesterol levels	1.000000e-21

EFO canonical traits (1, from GWAS)

EFO ID	Trait name
EFO:0004612	high density lipoprotein cholesterol measurement

Drugs & pharmacology

Drug and pharmacology data

Is drug target: no

PharmGKB: 1 entry (VIP=true, CPIC=false)

CTD chemical–gene interactions

107 total (human), top 30 by PubMed support.

Chemical	Actions (top 5)	PubMed papers
Cadmium	affects binding, increases abundance, decreases reaction, affects response to substance, affects reaction (+5 more)	19
Zinc	increases expression, increases reaction, decreases reaction, affects reaction, decreases expression (+2 more)	14
Cadmium Chloride	increases abundance, decreases response to substance, increases reaction, decreases reaction, increases expression (+2 more)	12
sodium arsenite	affects cotreatment, increases expression, increases abundance	10
Arsenic	affects binding, decreases expression, increases expression, affects cotreatment, increases abundance	5
Silver	increases expression	5
Arsenic Trioxide	decreases expression, increases expression, affects response to substance	4
Benzo(a)pyrene	increases expression, increases reaction, decreases expression, increases methylation	4
Zinc Sulfate	decreases reaction, increases expression, increases reaction	4
Copper Sulfate	increases expression	4
cupric oxide	increases expression	3
Cisplatin	affects expression, increases expression	3
Estradiol	decreases expression, increases expression, affects cotreatment, affects expression	3
Silver Nitrate	decreases reaction, increases expression	3
Aflatoxin B1	decreases reaction, increases reaction, decreases methylation, increases expression	3
Particulate Matter	increases expression, decreases reaction	3
bisphenol A	affects expression, decreases methylation	2
ochratoxin A	affects cotreatment, increases expression, increases reaction	2
N,N,N’,N’-tetrakis(2-pyridylmethyl)ethylenediamine	affects cotreatment, increases expression, decreases reaction	2
(+)-JQ1 compound	decreases expression	2
Vehicle Emissions	decreases reaction, increases expression	2
Copper	increases expression, affects binding, decreases expression	2
Dexamethasone	decreases reaction, increases expression	2
Mercury	affects abundance	2
Tetrachlorodibenzodioxin	decreases expression, increases expression	2
Valproic Acid	increases methylation, increases expression	2
3,19-(2-bromobenzylidene)andrographolide	decreases expression, decreases response to substance	1
XMU-MP-1	increases reaction, increases expression	1
ML385	increases expression, decreases reaction	1
linsidomine	decreases expression, decreases reaction, increases activity, increases expression	1

Clinical trials (associated diseases)

0 trials via MONDO — disease-level, not drug-specific.