MTIF2

Summary

MTIF2 (mitochondrial translational initiation factor 2, HGNC:7441) is a protein-coding gene on chromosome 2p16.1, encoding Translation initiation factor IF-2, mitochondrial (P46199). One of the essential components for the initiation of protein synthesis.

During the initiation of protein biosynthesis, initiation factor-2 (IF-2) promotes the binding of the initiator tRNA to the small subunit of the ribosome in a GTP-dependent manner. Prokaryotic IF-2 is a single polypeptide, while eukaryotic cytoplasmic IF-2 (eIF-2) is a trimeric protein. Bovine liver mitochondria contain IF-2(mt), an 85-kD monomeric protein that is equivalent to prokaryotic IF-2. The predicted 727-amino acid human protein contains a 29-amino acid presequence. Human IF-2(mt) shares 32 to 38% amino acid sequence identity with yeast IF-2(mt) and several prokaryotic IF-2s, with the greatest degree of conservation in the G domains of the proteins.

Source: NCBI Gene 4528 — RefSeq curated summary.

At a glance

• GWAS associations: 1
• Clinical variants (ClinVar): 129 total — 2 pathogenic
• MANE Select transcript: NM_002453

Identifiers

Gene identifiers

Field	Value
HGNC ID	HGNC:7441
Approved symbol	MTIF2
Name	mitochondrial translational initiation factor 2
Location	2p16.1
Locus type	gene with protein product
Status	Approved
Aliases	IF-2mt
Ensembl gene	ENSG00000085760
Ensembl biotype	protein_coding
OMIM	603766
Entrez	4528

Gene structure

Transcript identifiers

Ensembl transcripts: 52 — 50 protein_coding, 2 protein_coding_CDS_not_defined

ENST00000263629, ENST00000366137, ENST00000394600, ENST00000403721, ENST00000404297, ENST00000412530, ENST00000417363, ENST00000417741, ENST00000418823, ENST00000420637, ENST00000441307, ENST00000446660, ENST00000853164, ENST00000853165, ENST00000853166, ENST00000853167, ENST00000853168, ENST00000853169, ENST00000853170, ENST00000853171, ENST00000853172, ENST00000853173, ENST00000853174, ENST00000853175, ENST00000853176, ENST00000853177, ENST00000853178, ENST00000918018, ENST00000918019, ENST00000918020, ENST00000918021, ENST00000918022, ENST00000918023, ENST00000918024, ENST00000918025, ENST00000918026, ENST00000918027, ENST00000918028, ENST00000918029, ENST00000918030, ENST00000918031, ENST00000918032, ENST00000918033, ENST00000956665, ENST00000956666, ENST00000956667, ENST00000956668, ENST00000956669, ENST00000956670, ENST00000956671, ENST00000956672, ENST00000956673

RefSeq mRNA: 7 — MANE Select: NM_002453 NM_001005369, NM_001321001, NM_001321002, NM_001321003, NM_001321004, NM_001321005, NM_002453

CCDS: CCDS1853

Canonical transcript exons

ENST00000263629 — 16 exons

Exon	Start	End
ENSE00000754164	55254041	55254201
ENSE00000932678	55237288	55237428
ENSE00000932680	55242940	55243080
ENSE00000932681	55243416	55243668
ENSE00000932682	55244029	55244233
ENSE00000932683	55249395	55249534
ENSE00000962823	55246337	55246461
ENSE00001035807	55252477	55252653
ENSE00001518974	55267569	55267635
ENSE00001518977	55268578	55268739
ENSE00001518978	55269169	55269231
ENSE00001550401	55236595	55236820
ENSE00003519351	55263640	55263865
ENSE00003582464	55262316	55262427
ENSE00003663029	55254654	55254825
ENSE00003784428	55240011	55240175

Expression profiles

Bgee: expression breadth ubiquitous, 294 present calls, max score 95.88.

FANTOM5 (CAGE): breadth ubiquitous, TPM avg 22.1673 / max 315.7795, expressed in 1809 samples.

FANTOM5 promoters (4 alternative TSS)

Promoter ID	TPM avg	Samples expressed
28451	21.1346	1807
28450	0.5185	281
28452	0.3245	120
28453	0.1897	61

Top tissues by expression

295 total, by Bgee expression score (0-100, higher = more expressed):

Tissue	Anatomy ID	Expression score	Quality
esophagus squamous epithelium	UBERON:0006920	95.88	gold quality
squamous epithelium	UBERON:0006914	93.77	gold quality
biceps brachii	UBERON:0001507	93.62	gold quality
parietal pleura	UBERON:0002400	93.52	gold quality
visceral pleura	UBERON:0002401	93.46	gold quality
germinal epithelium of ovary	UBERON:0001304	93.45	gold quality
colonic epithelium	UBERON:0000397	93.38	gold quality
epithelium of esophagus	UBERON:0001976	93.36	gold quality
skeletal muscle tissue of biceps brachii	UBERON:0004502	93.24	gold quality
tibia	UBERON:0000979	93.22	gold quality
heart right ventricle	UBERON:0002080	92.96	gold quality
pleura	UBERON:0000977	92.93	gold quality
cervix squamous epithelium	UBERON:0006922	92.89	gold quality
rectum	UBERON:0001052	92.80	gold quality
jejunum	UBERON:0002115	92.56	gold quality
body of tongue	UBERON:0011876	92.56	gold quality
vastus lateralis	UBERON:0001379	92.46	gold quality
jejunal mucosa	UBERON:0000399	92.34	gold quality
tendon	UBERON:0000043	92.10	gold quality
pancreatic ductal cell	CL:0002079	91.97	gold quality
superior surface of tongue	UBERON:0007371	91.86	gold quality
tongue	UBERON:0001723	91.81	gold quality
muscle of leg	UBERON:0001383	91.76	gold quality
muscle organ	UBERON:0001630	91.76	gold quality
gastrocnemius	UBERON:0001388	91.72	gold quality
quadriceps femoris	UBERON:0001377	91.69	gold quality
calcaneal tendon	UBERON:0003701	91.61	gold quality
duodenum	UBERON:0002114	91.60	gold quality
skeletal muscle tissue	UBERON:0001134	91.56	gold quality
tendon of biceps brachii	UBERON:0008188	91.52	gold quality

Single-cell (SCXA)

Detected in 1 experiment(s), a significant marker in 1.

Experiment	Marker?	Max mean expression
E-ANND-3	yes	5.61

Regulation

Is transcription factor: no

Upstream regulators (CollecTRI, top): NFE2L2

Literature-anchored findings (GeneRIF, showing 2)

• This study identified a novel GWS association (1.17 x 10(-10)) mapped to chromosome 2 at rs1437396, between MTIF2 and CCDC88A, across all of the EA and AA cohorts. (PMID:24166409)
• MTIF2 impairs 5 fluorouracil-mediated immunogenic cell death in hepatocellular carcinoma in vivo: Molecular mechanisms and therapeutic significance. (PMID:33129983)

Cross-species orthologs

4 orthologs

Organism	Symbol	Gene ID
danio_rerio	mtif2	ENSDARG00000063213
mus_musculus	Mtif2	ENSMUSG00000020459
rattus_norvegicus	Mtif2	ENSRNOG00000004161
drosophila_melanogaster	mIF2	FBGN0039588

Paralogs (18): GTPBP1 (ENSG00000100226), EEF1A2 (ENSG00000101210), GSPT1 (ENSG00000103342), EFTUD2 (ENSG00000108883), HBS1L (ENSG00000112339), EIF2S3 (ENSG00000130741), EEFSEC (ENSG00000132394), EFL1 (ENSG00000140598), GUF1 (ENSG00000151806), EEF1A1 (ENSG00000156508), EIF5B (ENSG00000158417), GFM2 (ENSG00000164347), EEF2 (ENSG00000167658), GFM1 (ENSG00000168827), GTPBP2 (ENSG00000172432), TUFM (ENSG00000178952), EIF2S3B (ENSG00000180574), GSPT2 (ENSG00000189369)

Protein

Protein identifiers

Translation initiation factor IF-2, mitochondrial — P46199 (reviewed: P46199)

All UniProt accessions (7): P46199, A0A1D5RMP2, A0A1Y8EJN7, B5MCU1, C9JIY5, E7EW07, H7C213

UniProt curated annotations — full annotation on UniProt →

Function. One of the essential components for the initiation of protein synthesis. Protects formylmethionyl-tRNA from spontaneous hydrolysis and promotes its binding to the 30S ribosomal subunits. Also involved in the hydrolysis of GTP during the formation of the 70S ribosomal complex.

Subunit / interactions. Monomer.

Subcellular location. Mitochondrion.

Tissue specificity. Expressed in all tissues examined. Highest level in skeletal muscle.

Similarity. Belongs to the TRAFAC class translation factor GTPase superfamily. Classic translation factor GTPase family. IF-2 subfamily.

RefSeq proteins (7): NP_001005369, NP_001307930, NP_001307931, NP_001307932, NP_001307933, NP_001307934, NP_002444* (*=MANE)

Domains & families (InterPro)

ID	Name	Type
IPR000178	TF_IF2_bacterial-like	Family
IPR000795	T_Tr_GTP-bd_dom	Domain
IPR005225	Small_GTP-bd	Domain
IPR009000	Transl_B-barrel_sf	Homologous_superfamily
IPR015760	TIF_IF2	Family
IPR023115	TIF_IF2_dom3	Domain
IPR027417	P-loop_NTPase	Homologous_superfamily
IPR036925	TIF_IF2_dom3_sf	Homologous_superfamily
IPR044145	IF2_II	Domain
IPR053905	EF-G-like_DII	Domain

Pfam: PF00009, PF11987, PF22042

UniProt features (59 total): strand 27, helix 13, turn 5, region of interest 5, binding site 3, sequence variant 2, transit peptide 1, chain 1, modified residue 1, domain 1

Structure

Experimental structures (PDB)

11 structures.

PDB	Method	Resolution (Å)
9OJM	ELECTRON MICROSCOPY	2.5
8QRN	ELECTRON MICROSCOPY	2.98
7PO2	ELECTRON MICROSCOPY	3.09
6GAZ	ELECTRON MICROSCOPY	3.1
9HFO	ELECTRON MICROSCOPY	3.1
6RW5	ELECTRON MICROSCOPY	3.14
6GAW	ELECTRON MICROSCOPY	3.2
6GB2	ELECTRON MICROSCOPY	3.2
9G5E	ELECTRON MICROSCOPY	3.2
9HFN	ELECTRON MICROSCOPY	3.3
9IGT	ELECTRON MICROSCOPY	5.96

Predicted structure (AlphaFold)

Model	pLDDT	Fraction very-high
AF-P46199-F1	83.66	0.61

Functional residue map

Curated UniProt residues grouped by drug-discovery relevance — catalytic, ligand-binding, modification, and mutation-validated positions. Source: UniProtKB sequence features.

Ligand- & substrate-binding residues (3): 288–291; 187–194; 234–237

Post-translational modifications (1): 688

Function

Pathways and Gene Ontology

Reactome pathways

1 pathways

ID	Pathway
R-HSA-5368286	Mitochondrial translation initiation

MSigDB gene sets: 168 (showing top): GOBP_CYTOPLASMIC_TRANSLATION, RODRIGUES_THYROID_CARCINOMA_POORLY_DIFFERENTIATED_UP, SWEET_KRAS_ONCOGENIC_SIGNATURE, GOBP_MITOCHONDRIAL_TRANSLATION, GOBP_TRANSLATIONAL_INITIATION, MORF_HDAC2, GOMF_TRANSLATION_INITIATION_FACTOR_ACTIVITY, CAGCTG_AP4_Q5, GOBP_TRANSLATION, WANG_LMO4_TARGETS_DN, GOBP_FORMATION_OF_TRANSLATION_PREINITIATION_COMPLEX, BLALOCK_ALZHEIMERS_DISEASE_UP, BYSTRYKH_HEMATOPOIESIS_STEM_CELL_AND_BRAIN_QTL_CIS, GOBP_CYTOPLASMIC_TRANSLATIONAL_INITIATION, BROWNE_HCMV_INFECTION_14HR_DN

GO Biological Process (6): formation of translation preinitiation complex (GO:0001731), ribosome disassembly (GO:0032790), mitochondrial translational initiation (GO:0070124), translation (GO:0006412), translational initiation (GO:0006413), regulation of translational initiation (GO:0006446)

GO Molecular Function (7): RNA binding (GO:0003723), translation initiation factor activity (GO:0003743), GTPase activity (GO:0003924), GTP binding (GO:0005525), translation factor activity, RNA binding (GO:0008135), ribosomal small subunit binding (GO:0043024), nucleotide binding (GO:0000166)

GO Cellular Component (5): nucleoplasm (GO:0005654), cytoplasm (GO:0005737), mitochondrion (GO:0005739), mitochondrial matrix (GO:0005759), intracellular organelle lumen (GO:0070013)

Reactome top-level categories

Rollup of top-1 pathways:

Category	Pathways
Mitochondrial translation	1

GO top-level categories

Rollup of top GO terms by namespace:

Category	Terms
translational initiation	4
mitochondrion	2
translation	2
translation factor activity	2
cellular anatomical structure	2
cytoplasmic translational initiation	1
protein-RNA complex assembly	1
organelle disassembly	1
mitochondrial translation	1
peptidyltransferase activity	1
translational elongation	1
translational termination	1
macromolecule biosynthetic process	1
protein metabolic process	1
protein biosynthetic process	1
formation of translation initiation ternary complex	1
metabolic process	1
regulation of translation	1
nucleic acid binding	1
ribonucleoside triphosphate phosphatase activity	1
guanyl ribonucleotide binding	1
purine ribonucleoside triphosphate binding	1
RNA binding	1
ribosome binding	1
nucleoside phosphate binding	1
heterocyclic compound binding	1
nuclear lumen	1
intracellular anatomical structure	1
cytoplasm	1
intracellular membrane-bounded organelle	1
intracellular organelle lumen	1
intracellular organelle	1
organelle lumen	1

Protein interactions and networks

STRING

3592 interactions, top by confidence (×1000):

Protein A	Protein B	Partner UniProt	Score
MTIF2	MTIF3	Q9H2K0	860
MTIF2	MTRF1L	Q9UGC7	775
MTIF2	MTRF1	O75570	724
MTIF2	MRRF	Q96E11	689
MTIF2	RNASEL	Q05823	688
MTIF2	MTFMT	Q96DP5	665
MTIF2	ATP5IF1	Q9UII2	644
MTIF2	MALSU1	Q96EH3	635
MTIF2	TSFM	P43897	625
MTIF2	GFM2	Q969S9	583
MTIF2	MRPL58	Q14197	572
MTIF2	TACO1	Q9BSH4	557
MTIF2	C1orf105	O95561	543
MTIF2	ERAL1	O75616	540
MTIF2	MTG2	Q9H4K7	536

IntAct

132 interactions, top by confidence:

A	B	Type	Score
NDUFS7	NDUFS8	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.640
TRMT61B	MTIF2	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.610
BPNT1	GTPBP10	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
ECSIT	NDUFS8	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
NUDT6	DENR	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
MRM3	NDUFS6	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
TUFM	ZMYM6	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
TSFM	CST4	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
MTG2	HSPD1	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
PDHX	MTIF2	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
DIRAS3	MTIF2	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
HSD17B8	MTIF2	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
LDHAL6B	MTIF2	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
	PMPCB	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
YBEY	NME4	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
ATP5F1D	NDUFB5	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
NIPSNAP3A	CLUH	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
ARHGEF26	CPS1	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
TUFM	MTIF2	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530

BioGRID (452): MTIF2 (Affinity Capture-MS), MTIF2 (Affinity Capture-MS), MTIF2 (Affinity Capture-MS), MTIF2 (Affinity Capture-MS), MTIF2 (Affinity Capture-MS), MTIF2 (Affinity Capture-MS), MTIF2 (Affinity Capture-MS), MTIF2 (Affinity Capture-MS), MTIF2 (Affinity Capture-MS), MTIF2 (Affinity Capture-MS), MTIF2 (Affinity Capture-MS), MTIF2 (Affinity Capture-MS), MTIF2 (Affinity Capture-MS), MTIF2 (Affinity Capture-MS), MTIF2 (Affinity Capture-MS)

ESM2 similar proteins: A4FUD1, A8N2M6, B0S6U7, B2B2C5, B5X2B8, B9FI63, E7FCP8, J9VS37, K7UTH7, O43824, O82626, O82653, O95831, P06625, P08240, P0CM18, P11637, P46198, P46199, Q09523, Q1K8F6, Q2KHZ2, Q3MHE8, Q3T0J9, Q4PB75, Q4V8H8, Q5NBJ3, Q5R6Y0, Q66GP9, Q69ZS7, Q6AXM7, Q6CEE1, Q6DCC6, Q6YPG5, Q7Z2Z2, Q8BH64, Q8C0D5, Q8C7H1, Q8JIF5, Q8MT06

Diamond homologs: A0B8Q6, A1RUX2, A1RXH6, A1WSZ8, A2BJZ8, A2STM8, A3CSP4, A3DMS0, A3MTU7, A4FZQ3, A4WIK2, A4YCQ5, A5IRJ6, A5UJM9, A6QFN0, A6U0C5, A6URS1, A6UVG0, A6VIS4, A7IAP7, A8A8D3, A8AUR6, A8MBV9, A8Z0C4, A9A813, B0R6U5, B1I8Z9, B1XV89, B1YCQ7, B2GUV7, B2J573, B5E6U5, B6YWH3, B8ZKU0, B9LQL7, C1CB46, C6A1V3, G0S8G9, O26359, O29490

SIGNOR signaling

0 interactions.

Enriched among interaction partners

Reactome pathways and GO biological processes over-represented among this gene’s 126 IntAct physical interaction partners (hypergeometric vs the genome-wide background, BH-FDR, gene-set size 15–500, ranked by fold). A functional readout of the neighbourhood — distinct from this gene’s own memberships above, and biased toward well-studied / hub proteins, so read it as themes rather than proof.

Reactome pathways:

Pathway	Partners	Fold	FDR
Mitochondrial translation elongation	12	17.5×	8e-10
Complex I biogenesis	9	17.1×	2e-07
Mitochondrial ribosome-associated quality control	12	16.9×	8e-10
Mitochondrial translation initiation	10	14.6×	2e-07
Mitochondrial translation	9	14.2×	7e-07
Mitochondrial translation termination	10	12.6×	4e-07
Aerobic respiration and respiratory electron transport	10	10.2×	2e-06
Translation	11	7.8×	6e-06

GO biological processes:

GO term	Partners	Fold	FDR
mitochondrial large ribosomal subunit assembly	9	75.6×	2e-13
mitochondrial translation	16	23.6×	3e-15
mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I assembly	6	20.9×	4e-05
mitochondrial electron transport, NADH to ubiquinone	6	18.2×	7e-05
proton motive force-driven mitochondrial ATP synthesis	8	17.9×	3e-06
aerobic respiration	7	14.7×	4e-05
translation	8	7.0×	1e-03

Disease & clinical

Clinical variants and AI predictions

ClinVar

129 variants total. Per-class counts are floors (≥ shown; pagination cap):

Classification	Count (floor)
Pathogenic	2
Likely pathogenic	0
Uncertain significance	99
Likely benign	8
Benign	0

Top pathogenic / likely-pathogenic (2)

Variant ID	HGVS	Classification
225013	NM_002453.3(MTIF2):c.573C>G (p.His191Gln)	Pathogenic
520564	NM_002453.3(MTIF2):c.899_909del (p.Val300fs)	Pathogenic

SpliceAI

2627 predictions. Top by Δscore:

Variant	Effect	Δscore
2:55236822:T:C	acceptor_gain	1.0000
2:55240007:TCA:T	donor_loss	1.0000
2:55240008:CACC:C	donor_loss	1.0000
2:55240009:A:AC	donor_gain	1.0000
2:55240009:AC:A	donor_gain	1.0000
2:55240010:C:CT	donor_gain	1.0000
2:55240010:CC:C	donor_gain	1.0000
2:55240010:CCT:C	donor_gain	1.0000
2:55240010:CCTA:C	donor_gain	1.0000
2:55240013:A:AC	donor_gain	1.0000
2:55240014:C:CC	donor_gain	1.0000
2:55240173:CAC:C	acceptor_gain	1.0000
2:55243081:C:CA	acceptor_loss	1.0000
2:55243082:T:A	acceptor_loss	1.0000
2:55243451:T:A	donor_gain	1.0000
2:55243452:C:A	donor_gain	1.0000
2:55243521:T:TA	donor_gain	1.0000
2:55243664:CTTGG:C	acceptor_gain	1.0000
2:55243667:GG:G	acceptor_gain	1.0000
2:55243669:C:CC	acceptor_gain	1.0000
2:55243671:T:C	acceptor_gain	1.0000
2:55243671:T:TC	acceptor_gain	1.0000
2:55244042:T:TA	donor_gain	1.0000
2:55244229:CAAGA:C	acceptor_gain	1.0000
2:55244234:C:CC	acceptor_gain	1.0000
2:55246331:TCCTA:T	donor_loss	1.0000
2:55246332:CCTA:C	donor_loss	1.0000
2:55246333:CTAC:C	donor_loss	1.0000
2:55246334:TACC:T	donor_loss	1.0000
2:55246335:A:AC	donor_gain	1.0000

AlphaMissense

0 scored. Top likely-pathogenic:

dbSNP variants (sampled 300 via entrez): RS1000166719 (2:55256845 C>G,T), RS1000241597 (2:55249806 G>A), RS1000281912 (2:55253592 G>A), RS1000282780 (2:55237534 A>T), RS1000297870 (2:55265058 C>A,T), RS1000301360 (2:55255656 A>C,G), RS1000421806 (2:55269732 G>C), RS1000546372 (2:55248613 G>A,T), RS1000563610 (2:55253778 G>A), RS1000862135 (2:55250094 G>GA), RS1000909578 (2:55248275 T>C), RS1001030537 (2:55268629 A>G), RS1001214966 (2:55251077 T>A,C,G), RS1001355811 (2:55245314 G>A,C), RS1001502230 (2:55268278 T>C)

Disease associations

OMIM: gene MIM:603766 | disease phenotypes:

GenCC curated gene-disease

Mondo (0):

Orphanet (0):

HPO phenotypes

0 total (0 of 0 shown, HPO-id order):

GWAS associations

1 associations (top):

Study	Trait	p-value
GCST002593_2	Dementia and core Alzheimer’s disease neuropathologic changes	9.000000e-06

EFO canonical traits (1, from GWAS)

EFO ID	Trait name
EFO:0006801	Alzheimer’s disease neuropathologic change

Drugs & pharmacology

Drug and pharmacology data

Is drug target: no

PharmGKB: 1 entry (VIP=true, CPIC=false)

CTD chemical–gene interactions

32 total (human), top 30 by PubMed support.

Chemical	Actions (top 5)	PubMed papers
Air Pollutants	affects cotreatment, increases abundance, increases oxidation, decreases expression, increases expression	3
Arsenic	increases abundance, increases expression, affects methylation, affects cotreatment	3
bisphenol A	affects expression, decreases expression	2
sodium arsenite	increases expression, affects cotreatment, increases abundance	2
methacrylaldehyde	increases abundance, affects cotreatment, increases oxidation	2
bisphenol S	affects expression, increases expression	2
Acrolein	affects cotreatment, increases oxidation, increases abundance	2
Ozone	increases oxidation, increases abundance, affects cotreatment	2
Particulate Matter	decreases expression, increases abundance, increases expression	2
dicrotophos	decreases expression	1
triphenyl phosphate	affects expression	1
alpha-pinene	affects cotreatment, increases oxidation, increases abundance	1
trichostatin A	affects expression	1
beta-lapachone	decreases expression, increases expression	1
arsenite	affects binding, increases reaction	1
manganese chloride	affects cotreatment, increases abundance, increases expression	1
beta-methylcholine	affects expression	1
abrine	decreases expression	1
Acetaminophen	decreases expression	1
Chloramphenicol	decreases response to substance	1
Hydrogen Peroxide	affects expression	1
Manganese	affects cotreatment, increases abundance, increases expression	1
Nicotine	increases expression	1
Quercetin	decreases expression	1
Ribonucleotides	affects binding	1
Tretinoin	decreases expression	1
Josamycin	decreases response to substance	1
Clarithromycin	decreases response to substance	1
Cadmium Chloride	decreases expression	1
Copper Sulfate	decreases expression	1

Clinical trials (associated diseases)

0 trials via MONDO — disease-level, not drug-specific.