MUC3A

gene
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Summary

MUC3A (mucin 3A, cell surface associated, HGNC:7513) is a protein-coding gene on chromosome 7q22.1, encoding Mucin-3A (Q02505). Major glycoprotein component of a variety of mucus gels.

The mucin genes encode epithelial glycoproteins, some of which are secreted and some membrane bound. Each of the genes contains at least one large domain of tandemly repeated sequence that encodes the peptide sequence rich in serine and/or threonine residues, which carries most of the O-linked glycosylation (Gendler and Spicer, 1995 [PubMed 7778880]).

Source: NCBI Gene 4584 — RefSeq curated summary.

At a glance

  • GWAS associations: 3
  • Clinical variants (ClinVar): 27 total
  • MANE Select transcript: NM_005960

Identifiers

Gene identifiers

FieldValue
HGNC IDHGNC:7513
Approved symbolMUC3A
Namemucin 3A, cell surface associated
Location7q22.1
Locus typegene with protein product
StatusApproved
Ensembl geneENSG00000169894
Ensembl biotypeprotein_coding
OMIM158371
Entrez4584

Gene structure

Transcript identifiers

Ensembl transcripts: 6 — 4 protein_coding, 1 nonsense_mediated_decay, 1 retained_intron

ENST00000379458, ENST00000414964, ENST00000483366, ENST00000614399, ENST00000868576, ENST00000868577

RefSeq mRNA: 1 — MANE Select: NM_005960 NM_005960

CCDS: CCDS78262

Canonical transcript exons

ENST00000379458 — 12 exons

ExonStartEnd
ENSE00001760877100960752100960937
ENSE00001929464100949534100949685
ENSE00003711593100965704100965866
ENSE00003716124100967121100968347
ENSE00003719447100963688100963752
ENSE00003723982100966652100966743
ENSE00003724059100966899100966951
ENSE00003728907100964695100964843
ENSE00003733255100951841100960645
ENSE00003738026100965282100965347
ENSE00003744147100963151100963266
ENSE00003751188100966386100966559

Expression profiles

Bgee: expression breadth ubiquitous, 158 present calls, max score 96.60.

FANTOM5 (CAGE): breadth broad, TPM avg 5.7427 / max 1307.2482, expressed in 494 samples.

FANTOM5 promoters (54 alternative TSS)

Promoter IDTPM avgSamples expressed
800731.603592
2046060.5665196
2046030.4591157
2045980.379962
800690.276364
800720.175127
2045900.158340
2046050.150677
2046040.135656
2045850.133235

Top tissues by expression

246 total, by Bgee expression score (0-100, higher = more expressed):

TissueAnatomy IDExpression scoreQuality
mucosa of transverse colonUBERON:000499196.60gold quality
rectumUBERON:000105296.18gold quality
pancreatic ductal cellCL:000207995.07silver quality
ileal mucosaUBERON:000033194.90gold quality
jejunal mucosaUBERON:000039994.64gold quality
duodenumUBERON:000211493.02gold quality
small intestine Peyer’s patchUBERON:000345492.58gold quality
small intestineUBERON:000210891.49gold quality
cervix squamous epitheliumUBERON:000692291.30silver quality
type B pancreatic cellCL:000016990.57gold quality
gall bladderUBERON:000211090.27gold quality
colonic mucosaUBERON:000031789.51gold quality
transverse colonUBERON:000115789.03gold quality
olfactory bulbUBERON:000226488.85gold quality
mucosa of sigmoid colonUBERON:000499388.56gold quality
colonic epitheliumUBERON:000039788.29gold quality
tongue squamous epitheliumUBERON:000691988.01silver quality
parotid glandUBERON:000183187.41gold quality
right lobe of liverUBERON:000111487.20gold quality
prostate glandUBERON:000236786.35gold quality
apex of heartUBERON:000209885.65gold quality
triceps brachiiUBERON:000150985.05gold quality
epithelial cell of pancreasCL:000008384.65gold quality
oocyteCL:000002384.15gold quality
cervix epitheliumUBERON:000480184.03silver quality
gluteal muscleUBERON:000200083.93gold quality
jejunumUBERON:000211583.74gold quality
intestineUBERON:000016083.22gold quality
heart right ventricleUBERON:000208083.04gold quality
diaphragmUBERON:000110382.29gold quality

Single-cell (SCXA)

Detected in 3 experiment(s), a significant marker in 3.

ExperimentMarker?Max mean expression
E-MTAB-9543yes1592.48
E-GEOD-110499yes456.07
E-ANND-3yes21.79

Regulation

Is transcription factor: no

Upstream regulators (CollecTRI, top): HIF1A

miRNA regulators (miRDB)

58 targeting MUC3A, top 30 by miRDB confidence (max_score; target_count = how many genes the miRNA targets in total — lower means more specific):

miRNAMax scoreAvg scoremiRNA target_count
HSA-MIR-4533100.0069.482758
HSA-MIR-1252-5P100.0069.802774
HSA-MIR-6870-5P99.9968.552115
HSA-MIR-607799.9968.042299
HSA-MIR-4723-5P99.9768.702034
HSA-MIR-569899.9768.492029
HSA-MIR-7111-5P99.9768.482062
HSA-MIR-6825-5P99.9669.813431
HSA-MIR-6721-5P99.9368.922981
HSA-MIR-34B-5P99.7867.561175
HSA-MIR-449C-5P99.7867.631168
HSA-MIR-6794-5P99.7666.381048
HSA-MIR-2682-5P99.7367.381055
HSA-MIR-4716-3P99.6966.731022
HSA-MIR-10394-5P99.6566.831852
HSA-MIR-120599.6566.761826
HSA-MIR-451699.6167.783390
HSA-MIR-5003-5P99.6169.131624
HSA-MIR-24-3P99.5969.971934
HSA-MIR-7106-5P99.5367.473574
HSA-MIR-443799.5265.291266
HSA-MIR-444199.4966.563216
HSA-MIR-127599.4767.902749
HSA-MIR-6839-3P99.3968.861301
HSA-MIR-5589-3P99.2968.301443
HSA-MIR-397399.2069.191990
HSA-MIR-7109-5P99.1866.131057
HSA-MIR-478499.1567.411733
HSA-MIR-443499.1067.011984
HSA-MIR-570399.1067.092053

Literature-anchored findings (GeneRIF, showing 15)

  • has highly conserved amino and carboxyl termini, suggesting a recent duplication of the entire ancestral gene (PMID:12958310)
  • MUC3 is overexpressed in renal clear cell carcinoma, and the MUC3 expression ratio is greater in nuclear grade 3 than in grades 1 and 2 (low grades) tumor. These findings suggest the implication of MUC3 in renal carcinogenesis. (PMID:14550470)
  • up-regulated MUC expression by synovial tissue cells and suggest a novel role of MUC3 and MUC5AC in the pathogenesis of arthritis (PMID:18163520)
  • We report the colonic adhesion mechanism of Lactobaillus plantarums LA318 is in part due to GAPDH binding to human ABO-type blood group antigens expressed on human colonic mucin (HCM). [HCM] (PMID:18790050)
  • These mucin genes were up-regulated after exposure to low pH in vitro (p < 0.005). Pepsin inhibited this up-regulation (p <0.001). Reflux laryngitis is associated with down-regulation of mucin gene expression. (PMID:18834073)
  • Data show that the diagnostic sensitivity for mucin was 60%, and the specificity for mucin was 100%. (PMID:19365834)
  • Data show that special stains for mucin did not distinguish pseudocysts from neoplastic mucinous cysts. (PMID:19365837)
  • DNA hypomethylation in the 5’-flanking region of the MUC3A gene plays an important role in MUC3A expression in carcinomas of various organs. (PMID:20510874)
  • MUC3A may have a role in poor prognosis in localized clear-cell renal cell carcinoma (PMID:27374181)
  • inspection showed that MSLN (Mesothelin), ANTXR1 (TEM8), and MUC3A are the probable targets of CAR T cell therapy in gastric adenocarcinoma. (PMID:30260046)
  • KIAA1429 promotes the progression of lung adenocarcinoma by regulating the m6A level of MUC3A. (PMID:33249400)
  • MUC3A induces PD-L1 and reduces tyrosine kinase inhibitors effects in EGFR-mutant non-small cell lung cancer. (PMID:33994852)
  • MUC3A promotes non-small cell lung cancer progression via activating the NFkappaB pathway and attenuates radiosensitivity. (PMID:34326691)
  • MUC3A promotes the progression of colorectal cancer through the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway. (PMID:35655161)
  • Decoding the expression pattern of MUC3A in gastric adenocarcinoma: unveiling the key to successful immunotherapy. (PMID:38069509)

Cross-species orthologs

2 orthologs

OrganismSymbolGene ID
mus_musculusMuc3aENSMUSG00000094840
rattus_norvegicusMuc3l1ENSRNOG00000068186

Paralogs (2): MUC17 (ENSG00000169876), MUC13 (ENSG00000173702)

Protein

Protein identifiers

Mucin-3AQ02505 (reviewed: Q02505)

Alternative names: Intestinal mucin-3A

All UniProt accessions (2): Q02505, A0A182DWF7

UniProt curated annotations — full annotation on UniProt →

Function. Major glycoprotein component of a variety of mucus gels. Thought to provide a protective, lubricating barrier against particles and infectious agents at mucosal surfaces. May be involved in ligand binding and intracellular signaling.

Subcellular location. Membrane Secreted Secreted Secreted Secreted.

Tissue specificity. Broad specificity; small intestine, colon, colonic tumors, heart, liver, thymus, prostate, pancreas and gall bladder.

Post-translational modifications. Highly O-glycosylated and probably also N-glycosylated.

Miscellaneous. May be produced at very low levels due to a premature stop codon in the mRNA, leading to nonsense-mediated mRNA decay.

Isoforms (5)

UniProt IDNamesCanonical?
Q02505-11yes
Q02505-22
Q02505-33
Q02505-44
Q02505-55

RefSeq proteins (1): NP_005951* (*=MANE)

Domains & families (InterPro)

IDNameType
IPR000082SEA_domDomain
IPR000742EGFDomain
IPR002049LE_domDomain
IPR036364SEA_dom_sfHomologous_superfamily
IPR052504Mucin_signaling_protectionFamily

UniProt features (114 total): repeat 32, sequence conflict 23, region of interest 22, compositionally biased region 20, splice variant 7, sequence variant 3, domain 2, disulfide bond 2, signal peptide 1, chain 1, transmembrane region 1

Structure

Experimental structures (PDB)

0 structures.

Predicted structure (AlphaFold)

No AlphaFold model available for Q02505 — AlphaFold DB does not currently provide models for proteins above ~3000 aa.

Functional residue map

Curated UniProt residues grouped by drug-discovery relevance — catalytic, ligand-binding, modification, and mutation-validated positions. Source: UniProtKB sequence features.

Disulfide bonds (2): 2980–2986, 2999–3008

Function

Pathways and Gene Ontology

Reactome pathways

16 pathways

IDPathway
R-HSA-5083625Defective GALNT3 causes HFTC
R-HSA-5083632Defective C1GALT1C1 causes TNPS
R-HSA-5083636Defective GALNT12 causes CRCS1
R-HSA-5621480Dectin-2 family
R-HSA-913709O-linked glycosylation of mucins
R-HSA-977068Termination of O-glycan biosynthesis
R-HSA-1643685Disease
R-HSA-168249Innate Immune System
R-HSA-168256Immune System
R-HSA-3781865Diseases of glycosylation
R-HSA-3906995Diseases associated with O-glycosylation of proteins
R-HSA-392499Metabolism of proteins
R-HSA-5173105O-linked glycosylation
R-HSA-5621481C-type lectin receptors (CLRs)
R-HSA-5668914Diseases of metabolism
R-HSA-597592Post-translational protein modification

MSigDB gene sets: 60 (showing top): GSE45365_NK_CELL_VS_CD8_TCELL_DN, REACTOME_INNATE_IMMUNE_SYSTEM, GOMF_EXTRACELLULAR_MATRIX_STRUCTURAL_CONSTITUENT, XU_GH1_AUTOCRINE_TARGETS_DN, XU_GH1_EXOGENOUS_TARGETS_DN, GOCC_GOLGI_LUMEN, VECCHI_GASTRIC_CANCER_EARLY_UP, GOMF_STRUCTURAL_MOLECULE_ACTIVITY, REACTOME_POST_TRANSLATIONAL_PROTEIN_MODIFICATION, CHEMNITZ_RESPONSE_TO_PROSTAGLANDIN_E2_DN, GCNP_SHH_UP_LATE.V1_DN, REACTOME_DISEASES_OF_GLYCOSYLATION, REACTOME_DISEASES_ASSOCIATED_WITH_O_GLYCOSYLATION_OF_PROTEINS, REACTOME_DEFECTIVE_GALNT3_CAUSES_HFTC, REACTOME_DEFECTIVE_C1GALT1C1_CAUSES_TNPS

GO Biological Process (0):

GO Molecular Function (2): extracellular matrix structural constituent (GO:0005201), extracellular matrix constituent, lubricant activity (GO:0030197)

GO Cellular Component (5): extracellular region (GO:0005576), Golgi lumen (GO:0005796), plasma membrane (GO:0005886), membrane (GO:0016020), cell periphery (GO:0071944)

Reactome top-level categories

Rollup of top-11 pathways:

CategoryPathways
Diseases associated with O-glycosylation of proteins3
C-type lectin receptors (CLRs)1
O-linked glycosylation1
O-linked glycosylation of mucins1
Immune System1
Diseases of metabolism1
Diseases of glycosylation1
Post-translational protein modification1
Innate Immune System1
Disease1
Metabolism of proteins1

GO top-level categories

Rollup of top GO terms by namespace:

CategoryTerms
cellular anatomical structure3
structural molecule activity1
extracellular matrix1
extracellular matrix structural constituent1
Golgi apparatus1
intracellular organelle lumen1
membrane1
cell periphery1

Protein interactions and networks

STRING

748 interactions, top by confidence (×1000):

Protein AProtein BPartner UniProtScore
MUC3AMUC15Q8N387852
MUC3AMUC20Q8N307847
MUC3AMUC16Q8WXI7839
MUC3AMUC13Q9H3R2823
MUC3AMUC7Q8TAX7820
MUC3AMUC5BQ9HC84809
MUC3AMUC2Q02817803
MUC3AMUC1P13931755
MUC3AMUC21Q5SSG8728
MUC3AMUC19Q7Z5P9728
MUC3AMUC6Q6W4X9720
MUC3AGALNT13Q8IUC8719
MUC3AKPNA7A9QM74712
MUC3AMUC5ACP98088665
MUC3AIL1F10Q8WWZ1659

IntAct

117 interactions, top by confidence:

ABTypeScore
MUC3APDZD2psi-mi:“MI:0407”(direct interaction)0.440
MUC3ASYNJ2BPpsi-mi:“MI:0407”(direct interaction)0.440
SNX27MUC3Apsi-mi:“MI:0407”(direct interaction)0.440
MUC3AMAST2psi-mi:“MI:0407”(direct interaction)0.440
MUC3APATJpsi-mi:“MI:0407”(direct interaction)0.440
TAX1BP3MUC3Apsi-mi:“MI:0407”(direct interaction)0.440
MUC3APTPN3psi-mi:“MI:0407”(direct interaction)0.440
MUC3ADLG3psi-mi:“MI:0407”(direct interaction)0.440
MUC3AMAST1psi-mi:“MI:0407”(direct interaction)0.440
MUC3ADLG4psi-mi:“MI:0407”(direct interaction)0.440
MUC3ASNTG1psi-mi:“MI:0407”(direct interaction)0.440
MUC3AWHRNpsi-mi:“MI:0407”(direct interaction)0.440
MUC3ARHPN1psi-mi:“MI:0407”(direct interaction)0.440
MUC3ADLG1psi-mi:“MI:0407”(direct interaction)0.440
MUC3AARHGEF12psi-mi:“MI:0407”(direct interaction)0.440
MUC3ATAMALINpsi-mi:“MI:0407”(direct interaction)0.440
MUC3ASHANK1psi-mi:“MI:0407”(direct interaction)0.440
MUC3ATIAM2psi-mi:“MI:0407”(direct interaction)0.440
MUC3ADLG2psi-mi:“MI:0407”(direct interaction)0.440
APBA3MUC3Apsi-mi:“MI:0407”(direct interaction)0.440
MUC3AMPP2psi-mi:“MI:0407”(direct interaction)0.440
MUC3APICK1psi-mi:“MI:0407”(direct interaction)0.440
MUC3AHTRA4psi-mi:“MI:0407”(direct interaction)0.440
MUC3ANHERF4psi-mi:“MI:0407”(direct interaction)0.440
MUC3ASIPA1L2psi-mi:“MI:0407”(direct interaction)0.440
MUC3AAPBA2psi-mi:“MI:0407”(direct interaction)0.440
MUC3ALNX2psi-mi:“MI:0407”(direct interaction)0.440
MUC3AAHNAKpsi-mi:“MI:0407”(direct interaction)0.440
MUC3APDZD7psi-mi:“MI:0407”(direct interaction)0.440

ESM2 similar proteins: A0A0U1RQI7, A0A494C071, A6QL64, A6ZXT5, A7XUY5, E2RYF6, E2RYF7, O60732, O88799, P06916, P12021, P18583, P41809, P43537, P47179, P53353, Q00130, Q02496, Q02505, Q04893, Q05049, Q12459, Q14242, Q32KG4, Q4ZJY7, Q4ZJZ0, Q54QZ8, Q5H9R4, Q5H9T9, Q5JPF3, Q5SSG8, Q5XHX6, Q60528, Q63661, Q685J3, Q6P902, Q86VQ3, Q8JZM8, Q8N307, Q8NET4

Diamond homologs: Q02505, Q9H195

SIGNOR signaling

0 interactions.

Enriched among interaction partners

Reactome pathways and GO biological processes over-represented among this gene’s 77 IntAct physical interaction partners (hypergeometric vs the genome-wide background, BH-FDR, gene-set size 15–500, ranked by fold). A functional readout of the neighbourhood — distinct from this gene’s own memberships above, and biased toward well-studied / hub proteins, so read it as themes rather than proof.

Reactome pathways:

PathwayPartnersFoldFDR
Ras activation upon Ca2+ influx through NMDA receptor557.1×1e-06
Unblocking of NMDA receptors, glutamate binding and activation554.4×1e-06
Negative regulation of NMDA receptor-mediated neuronal transmission554.4×1e-06
Long-term potentiation547.6×2e-06
Assembly and cell surface presentation of NMDA receptors945.7×3e-11
Neurexins and neuroligins1039.4×1e-11
Protein-protein interactions at synapses631.9×1e-06

GO biological processes:

GO termPartnersFoldFDR
establishment or maintenance of epithelial cell apical/basal polarity1077.5×2e-14
protein localization to synapse661.3×8e-08
receptor clustering758.2×6e-09
regulation of postsynaptic membrane neurotransmitter receptor levels639.6×7e-07
protein-containing complex assembly913.7×1e-06
cell-cell adhesion1013.5×3e-07
chemical synaptic transmission77.2×2e-03

Disease & clinical

Clinical variants and AI predictions

ClinVar

27 variants total. Per-class counts are floors (≥ shown; pagination cap):

ClassificationCount (floor)
Pathogenic0
Likely pathogenic0
Uncertain significance1
Likely benign26
Benign0

Top pathogenic / likely-pathogenic (0)

SpliceAI

303 predictions. Top by Δscore:

VariantEffectΔscore
7:100949682:ACAGG:Adonor_loss0.9900
7:100949684:AGGTA:Adonor_loss0.9900
7:100949685:GGTA:Gdonor_loss0.9900
7:100949686:G:Adonor_loss0.9900
7:100949687:T:Gdonor_loss0.9900
7:100949686:G:GGdonor_gain0.9500
7:100949683:CAG:Cdonor_gain0.9100
7:100949684:AG:Adonor_gain0.8900
7:100949685:GG:Gdonor_gain0.8900
7:100952065:GTCA:Gacceptor_gain0.8400
7:100952212:T:TAacceptor_gain0.7700
7:100949682:ACAG:Adonor_gain0.7600
7:100952064:A:AGacceptor_gain0.7100
7:100952065:G:GGacceptor_gain0.7100
7:100952216:T:TAacceptor_gain0.7100
7:100949681:CACAG:Cdonor_gain0.6400
7:100951834:A:AGacceptor_gain0.6400
7:100951644:A:AGacceptor_gain0.6200
7:100951645:G:GGacceptor_gain0.6200
7:100951800:C:CAacceptor_gain0.6100
7:100952064:AGT:Aacceptor_gain0.6100
7:100951869:TCAAG:Tacceptor_gain0.6000
7:100952214:T:TAacceptor_gain0.5800
7:100951633:ACT:Aacceptor_loss0.5700
7:100951635:T:TAacceptor_loss0.5700
7:100951640:CCCTA:Cacceptor_loss0.5700
7:100951641:CCTA:Cacceptor_loss0.5700
7:100951642:CTA:Cacceptor_loss0.5700
7:100951643:T:TGacceptor_loss0.5700
7:100951644:A:ACacceptor_loss0.5700

AlphaMissense

21146 scored. Top likely-pathogenic:

VariantProtein changeam_pathogenicity
7:100965790:T:AC3179S0.994
7:100965791:G:CC3179S0.994
7:100960823:T:AC2980S0.993
7:100960824:G:CC2980S0.993
7:100965835:T:AC3194S0.993
7:100965836:G:CC3194S0.993
7:100966426:T:AC3218S0.993
7:100966427:G:CC3218S0.993
7:100965820:T:AC3189S0.992
7:100965821:G:CC3189S0.992
7:100963198:T:CF3034L0.991
7:100963200:C:AF3034L0.991
7:100963200:C:GF3034L0.991
7:100963244:T:GF3049C0.991
7:100965291:T:GF3131C0.991
7:100963244:T:CF3049S0.990
7:100963256:T:GF3053C0.990
7:100965778:T:AC3175S0.990
7:100965778:T:CC3175R0.990
7:100965779:G:CC3175S0.990
7:100965790:T:CC3179R0.990
7:100966410:G:CW3212C0.990
7:100966410:G:TW3212C0.990
7:100960907:T:AC3008S0.989
7:100960908:G:CC3008S0.989
7:100965709:T:AC3152S0.989
7:100965710:G:CC3152S0.989
7:100965829:G:TG3192C0.989
7:100965835:T:CC3194R0.989
7:100960908:G:AC3008Y0.988

dbSNP variants (sampled 300 via entrez): RS1000036022 (7:100956196 A>G,T), RS1000057068 (7:100949598 T>C), RS1000407277 (7:100956000 C>T), RS1001138345 (7:100966250 G>C,T), RS1001161346 (7:100961506 C>G), RS1001230124 (7:100961762 G>A), RS1001416299 (7:100966823 C>A,T), RS1001681410 (7:100957119 C>A,T), RS1001902824 (7:100953127 A>G,T), RS1001933805 (7:100953266 C>G,T), RS1002108685 (7:100957908 C>G,T), RS1002114063 (7:100957346 C>A,T), RS1002305396 (7:100947915 G>A), RS1002420113 (7:100958397 T>A,C,G), RS1002499659 (7:100948077 G>A)

Disease associations

OMIM: gene MIM:158371 | disease phenotypes:

GenCC curated gene-disease

Mondo (0):

Orphanet (0):

HPO phenotypes

0 total (0 of 0 shown, HPO-id order):

GWAS associations

3 associations (top):

StudyTraitp-value
GCST001684_4Plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 levels (PAI-1)6.000000e-13
GCST007250_7Nonunion in individuals with fractures3.000000e-07
GCST010245_111LDL cholesterol levels3.000000e-13

EFO canonical traits (3, from GWAS)

EFO IDTrait name
EFO:0004792plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 measurement
EFO:0009707fractures, ununited
EFO:0004611low density lipoprotein cholesterol measurement

Drugs & pharmacology

Drug and pharmacology data

Is drug target: no

PharmGKB: 1 entry (VIP=true, CPIC=false)

CTD chemical–gene interactions

15 total (human), top 15 by PubMed support.

ChemicalActions (top 5)PubMed papers
sotorasibaffects cotreatment, decreases expression1
sulforaphanedecreases expression1
sodium arseniteincreases expression1
tebuconazoledecreases expression1
4-(5-benzo(1,3)dioxol-5-yl-4-pyridin-2-yl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)benzamideaffects cotreatment, increases expression1
dorsomorphinaffects cotreatment, increases expression1
trametinibaffects cotreatment, decreases expression1
NVP-BKM120affects cotreatment, decreases expression1
Arsenic Trioxidedecreases response to substance1
Panobinostataffects cotreatment, increases expression1
Air Pollutantsincreases abundance, increases expression1
Cadmiumdecreases expression1
Estradioldecreases expression1
Okadaic Aciddecreases expression1
Particulate Matterincreases abundance, increases expression1

Clinical trials (associated diseases)

0 trials via MONDO — disease-level, not drug-specific.

No linked Atlas pages yet — the cross-entity mesh grows as the corpus expands.