MYL1

Summary

MYL1 (myosin light chain 1, HGNC:7582) is a protein-coding gene on chromosome 2q34, encoding Myosin light chain 1/3, skeletal muscle isoform (P05976). Non-regulatory myosin light chain required for proper formation and/or maintenance of myofibers, and thus appropriate muscle function.

Myosin is a hexameric ATPase cellular motor protein. It is composed of two heavy chains, two nonphosphorylatable alkali light chains, and two phosphorylatable regulatory light chains. This gene encodes a myosin alkali light chain expressed in fast skeletal muscle. Two transcript variants have been identified for this gene.

Source: NCBI Gene 4632 — RefSeq curated summary.

At a glance

• Gene–disease (curated): congenital myopathy with reduced type 2 muscle fibers (Moderate, GenCC) — +1 more curated relationship
• GWAS associations: 1
• Clinical variants (ClinVar): 54 total — 1 likely-pathogenic
• Phenotypes (HPO): 30
• MANE Select transcript: NM_079420

Identifiers

Gene identifiers

Field	Value
HGNC ID	HGNC:7582
Approved symbol	MYL1
Name	myosin light chain 1
Location	2q34
Locus type	gene with protein product
Status	Approved
Aliases	MLC1, MLC1F, MLC3F, MLC-1, MLC1/3
Ensembl gene	ENSG00000168530
Ensembl biotype	protein_coding
OMIM	160780
Entrez	4632

Gene structure

Transcript identifiers

Ensembl transcripts: 5 — 3 protein_coding, 2 protein_coding_CDS_not_defined

ENST00000341685, ENST00000352451, ENST00000484290, ENST00000496436, ENST00000957378

RefSeq mRNA: 2 — MANE Select: NM_079420 NM_079420, NM_079422

CCDS: CCDS2390, CCDS2391

Canonical transcript exons

ENST00000352451 — 7 exons

Exon	Start	End
ENSE00001123661	210314911	210315174
ENSE00001463246	210290150	210290467
ENSE00003525590	210293723	210293800
ENSE00003547920	210294245	210294418
ENSE00003569484	210302488	210302515
ENSE00003600404	210291032	210291074
ENSE00003680167	210298420	210298563

Expression profiles

Bgee: expression breadth ubiquitous, 164 present calls, max score 99.94.

FANTOM5 (CAGE): breadth broad, TPM avg 49.1174 / max 12152.1140, expressed in 213 samples.

FANTOM5 promoters (5 alternative TSS)

Promoter ID	TPM avg	Samples expressed
33478	33.2683	185
33480	14.1656	96
33479	1.4842	36
202556	0.1114	21
202557	0.0878	18

Top tissues by expression

275 total, by Bgee expression score (0-100, higher = more expressed):

Tissue	Anatomy ID	Expression score	Quality
biceps brachii	UBERON:0001507	99.94	gold quality
skeletal muscle tissue of biceps brachii	UBERON:0004502	99.94	gold quality
skeletal muscle tissue of rectus abdominis	UBERON:0004511	99.92	gold quality
body of tongue	UBERON:0011876	99.92	gold quality
gastrocnemius	UBERON:0001388	99.90	gold quality
triceps brachii	UBERON:0001509	99.90	gold quality
hindlimb stylopod muscle	UBERON:0004252	99.89	gold quality
diaphragm	UBERON:0001103	99.87	gold quality
quadriceps femoris	UBERON:0001377	99.87	gold quality
tibialis anterior	UBERON:0001385	99.87	gold quality
skeletal muscle tissue	UBERON:0001134	99.86	gold quality
vastus lateralis	UBERON:0001379	99.85	gold quality
gluteal muscle	UBERON:0002000	99.85	gold quality
deltoid	UBERON:0001476	99.76	gold quality
muscle organ	UBERON:0001630	98.52	gold quality
muscle of leg	UBERON:0001383	97.99	gold quality
tongue	UBERON:0001723	92.82	gold quality
male germ line stem cell (sensu Vertebrata) in testis	CL:0000089 ∩ UBERON:0000473	92.65	gold quality
muscle tissue	UBERON:0002385	91.43	gold quality
pharyngeal mucosa	UBERON:0000355	90.36	gold quality
superior surface of tongue	UBERON:0007371	87.50	gold quality
trabecular bone tissue	UBERON:0002483	81.88	gold quality
oral cavity	UBERON:0000167	80.55	gold quality
minor salivary gland	UBERON:0001830	75.89	gold quality
mouth mucosa	UBERON:0003729	75.45	gold quality
apex of heart	UBERON:0002098	73.50	gold quality
tendon of biceps brachii	UBERON:0008188	73.08	gold quality
heart left ventricle	UBERON:0002084	70.71	gold quality
vena cava	UBERON:0004087	69.97	gold quality
cardiac ventricle	UBERON:0002082	69.91	gold quality

Single-cell (SCXA)

Detected in 4 experiment(s), a significant marker in 4.

Experiment	Marker?	Max mean expression
E-GEOD-124472	yes	5410.93
E-HCAD-56	yes	3197.53
E-ANND-5	yes	800.86
E-ANND-3	no	0.00

Regulation

Is transcription factor: no

Upstream regulators (CollecTRI, top): JARID2, MITF, MYOD1, MYOG

miRNA regulators (miRDB)

50 targeting MYL1, top 30 by miRDB confidence (max_score; target_count = how many genes the miRNA targets in total — lower means more specific):

miRNA	Max score	Avg score	miRNA target_count
HSA-MIR-4455	100.00	65.48	1587
HSA-MIR-186-5P	99.99	70.83	3707
HSA-MIR-8068	99.98	73.85	2376
HSA-MIR-568	99.98	69.86	2084
HSA-MIR-3658	99.96	73.87	4379
HSA-MIR-6772-5P	99.94	67.01	577
HSA-MIR-219A-5P	99.91	73.36	735
HSA-MIR-4782-3P	99.88	73.31	735
HSA-MIR-6766-3P	99.88	73.38	732
HSA-MIR-3919	99.87	69.45	2489
HSA-MIR-548AR-3P	99.85	71.26	3889
HSA-MIR-548AZ-3P	99.82	70.56	3549
HSA-MIR-548BC	99.82	70.61	3524
HSA-MIR-548E-3P	99.82	70.59	3514
HSA-MIR-548F-3P	99.82	70.59	3540
HSA-MIR-609	99.82	64.26	505
HSA-MIR-3180-5P	99.82	69.12	2422
HSA-MIR-548A-3P	99.76	70.58	3524
HSA-MIR-7856-5P	99.75	69.99	2901
HSA-MIR-4677-5P	99.70	70.09	1940
HSA-MIR-6512-3P	99.65	66.07	1468
HSA-MIR-6720-5P	99.65	66.22	1459
HSA-MIR-7156-5P	99.64	68.81	1369
HSA-MIR-4499	99.62	67.29	1470
HSA-MIR-4756-3P	99.62	66.30	1319
HSA-MIR-4452	99.50	68.45	1493
HSA-MIR-3171	99.49	69.06	776
HSA-MIR-4441	99.49	66.56	3216
HSA-MIR-3140-5P	99.39	69.04	1136
HSA-MIR-520A-5P	99.35	66.72	1632

Literature-anchored findings (GeneRIF, showing 13)

• In vitro degradation of human recombinant MLC1 by MMP-2 increased after ONOO(-) exposure of MLC1 in a concentration-dependent manner (PMID:20518849)
• Influenza infection activates a series of signaling pathways that converge to induce myosin light chain (MLC) phosphorylation and remodeling of the actin cytoskeleton. (PMID:21731751)
• Disturbed myosin binding of mutated hVLC-1 may provide a pathomechanism for the development of hypertrohic cardiomyopathy. (PMID:22131351)
• MRK is a novel RhoC effector that controls LPA-stimulated cell invasion at least in part by regulating myosin dynamics, ERK and p38 (PMID:23319595)
• This study provides an additional mechanistic link between Angiotensin II and vasoconstriction via SFK-enhanced MLC phosphorylation in smooth muscle cells. (PMID:26011449)
• polymorphism of intron MYL1 was associated with endurance performance, specifically in endurance trainability, but not genetic predisposition, in human adults. (PMID:26473445)
• these results provide new insights into the sequences and modifications of myosin light chain isoforms in the human and swine hearts, which will pave the way for a better understanding of their functional roles in cardiac physiology and pathophysiology. (PMID:28427997)
• MLCK and phosphorylated MLC are potential prognostic indicators of leiomyosarcoma. (PMID:28618653)
• These results support the concept of the ATP-induced transient interaction of the essential light chain-1 N-terminus with the motor domain of the myosin head. (PMID:29102634)
• Our data implicate MYL1 as a crucial protein for adequate skeletal muscle function and that MYL1 deficiency is associated with severe congenital myopathy. (PMID:30215711)
• MYBPC2 and MYL1 as Significant Gene Markers for Rhabdomyosarcoma. (PMID:33499774)
• MYL2 as a potential predictive biomarker for rhabdomyosarcoma. (PMID:34596111)
• Analysis of myosin genes in HNSCC and identify MYL1 as a specific poor prognostic biomarker, promotes tumor metastasis and correlates with tumor immune infiltration in HNSCC. (PMID:37679666)

Cross-species orthologs

7 orthologs

Organism	Symbol	Gene ID
danio_rerio	myl1	ENSDARG00000014196
danio_rerio	mylz3	ENSDARG00000017441
mus_musculus	Myl1	ENSMUSG00000061816
rattus_norvegicus	Myl1_v1	ENSRNOG00000013262
drosophila_melanogaster	Mlc-c	FBGN0004687
caenorhabditis_elegans		WBGENE00010554
caenorhabditis_elegans		WBGENE00011734

Paralogs (4): MYL6 (ENSG00000092841), MYL3 (ENSG00000160808), MYL6B (ENSG00000196465), MYL4 (ENSG00000198336)

Protein

Protein identifiers

Myosin light chain 1/3, skeletal muscle isoform — P05976 (reviewed: P05976)

Alternative names: Myosin light chain alkali 1/2

All UniProt accessions (1): P05976

UniProt curated annotations — full annotation on UniProt →

Function. Non-regulatory myosin light chain required for proper formation and/or maintenance of myofibers, and thus appropriate muscle function.

Subunit / interactions. Myosin is a hexamer of 2 heavy chains and 4 light chains. Does not bind calcium.

Post-translational modifications. Acetylated at position 2.

Disease relevance. Congenital myopathy 14 (CMYO14) [MIM:618414] An autosomal recessive congenital myopathy characterized by decreased fetal movements, severe muscle weakness and respiratory failure. Additional features include delayed motor development, areflexia, facial weakness, normal eye movements, head lag, and mild contractures. Skeletal muscle biopsy shows variation in fiber size with atrophy of the fast-twitch type II fibers. The disease is caused by variants affecting the gene represented in this entry.

Isoforms (2)

UniProt ID	Names	Canonical?
P05976-1	MLC1	yes
P05976-2	MLC3

RefSeq proteins (2): NP_524144, NP_524146 (=MANE)

Domains & families (InterPro)

ID	Name	Type
IPR002048	EF_hand_dom	Domain
IPR011992	EF-hand-dom_pair	Homologous_superfamily
IPR050230	CALM/Myosin/TropC-like	Family

UniProt features (17 total): modified residue 6, domain 3, initiator methionine 2, chain 1, splice variant 1, sequence variant 1, sequence conflict 1, region of interest 1, compositionally biased region 1

Structure

Experimental structures (PDB)

0 structures.

Predicted structure (AlphaFold)

Model	pLDDT	Fraction very-high
AF-P05976-F1	88.63	0.77

Functional residue map

Curated UniProt residues grouped by drug-discovery relevance — catalytic, ligand-binding, modification, and mutation-validated positions. Source: UniProtKB sequence features.

Post-translational modifications (6): 87, 99, 2, 2, 71, 73

Function

Pathways and Gene Ontology

Reactome pathways

2 pathways

ID	Pathway
R-HSA-390522	Striated Muscle Contraction
R-HSA-397014	Muscle contraction

MSigDB gene sets: 397 (showing top): HNF3ALPHA_Q6, GAANYNYGACNY_UNKNOWN, GOBP_CELLULAR_RESPONSE_TO_LIPID, TGACCTY_ERR1_Q2, MEF2_02, GOBP_VESICLE_MEDIATED_TRANSPORT, MODULE_16, MODULE_329, LHX3_01, GOBP_CELLULAR_RESPONSE_TO_OXYGEN_CONTAINING_COMPOUND, HUMMERICH_SKIN_CANCER_PROGRESSION_DN, GOBP_POSITIVE_REGULATION_OF_INTRACELLULAR_TRANSPORT, NIKOLSKY_BREAST_CANCER_22Q13_AMPLICON, MODULE_66, MODULE_118

GO Biological Process (2): muscle contraction (GO:0006936), muscle filament sliding (GO:0030049)

GO Molecular Function (2): calcium ion binding (GO:0005509), structural constituent of muscle (GO:0008307)

GO Cellular Component (7): cytosol (GO:0005829), muscle myosin complex (GO:0005859), myosin II complex (GO:0016460), myofibril (GO:0030016), sarcomere (GO:0030017), contractile muscle fiber (GO:0043292), myosin complex (GO:0016459)

Reactome top-level categories

Rollup of top-1 pathways:

Category	Pathways
Muscle contraction	1

GO top-level categories

Rollup of top GO terms by namespace:

Category	Terms
cytoplasm	2
cellular anatomical structure	2
contractile muscle fiber	2
muscle system process	1
muscle contraction	1
actin-myosin filament sliding	1
metal ion binding	1
structural molecule activity	1
myosin II complex	1
myosin complex	1
myofibril	1
intracellular membraneless organelle	1
supramolecular fiber	1
actin cytoskeleton	1
protein-containing complex	1

Protein interactions and networks

STRING

2433 interactions, top by confidence (×1000):

Protein A	Protein B	Partner UniProt	Score
MYL1	MLC1	Q15049	872
MYL1	MYH2	Q9UKX2	756
MYL1	ACTA1	P02568	719
MYL1	TPM1	P09493	715
MYL1	ACTN3	Q08043	651
MYL1	CRYGA	P11844	649
MYL1	TNNI2	P48788	646
MYL1	TNNT3	P45378	627
MYL1	TTN	Q8WZ42	626
MYL1	MYH1	P12882	599
MYL1	CASQ1	P31415	599
MYL1	TPM3	P06753	596
MYL1	MYL2	P10916	592
MYL1	VIL1	P09327	592
MYL1	TPM2	P06468	587

IntAct

60 interactions, top by confidence:

A	B	Type	Score
HSPB8	VWA8	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
S100A4	OIP5	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
MYL1	PCNA	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.370
COX15	SNRPGP15	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
DLST		psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
HSD17B10	HMGB1P1	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
HSD17B10	HNRNPDL	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
COX15	MYO1C	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
BMI1	MEIS3P1	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
BCKDK	AIP	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
CASK	ABLIM1	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
PRKACB	MYL1	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
MAPT	SHTN1	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
CALM1	MYO1C	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
CALM3	PLEKHG3	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
SLC39A3	PLEKHG3	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
MECOM	ATP2A1	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
RBMX2	NSD2	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
TLE3	COL1A1	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
HIF1A	MYL1	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
MYL4	MYL1	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
TNFSF14	HAX1	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
LATS1	ATP2A1	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
TSPAN33	ATP2A1	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
FKBP6	VGF	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350

BioGRID (65): IQGAP1 (Protein-peptide), MYL1 (Affinity Capture-MS), MYL1 (Affinity Capture-MS), MYL1 (Affinity Capture-MS), MYL1 (Reconstituted Complex), MYL1 (Affinity Capture-MS), MYL1 (Affinity Capture-MS), MYL1 (Affinity Capture-MS), MYL1 (Affinity Capture-MS), MYL1 (Affinity Capture-MS), MYL1 (Affinity Capture-MS), MYL1 (Affinity Capture-MS), MYL1 (Affinity Capture-MS), MYL1 (Affinity Capture-MS), MYL1 (Affinity Capture-MS)

ESM2 similar proteins: A0A125YHX7, A0JNJ5, F1RRT2, J7HCX7, O15182, O35648, P02600, P02602, P02604, P02605, P02606, P05434, P05976, P05977, P06742, P08590, P09540, P09541, P09542, P12829, P14649, P16409, P17209, P41044, P41208, P41209, P53014, P53441, P54213, P54357, P82159, P82160, P85100, Q06827, Q09196, Q12798, Q24621, Q24654, Q24756, Q27177

Diamond homologs: A0JNJ5, A2Y609, A3E3H0, A3E4D8, A3E4F9, A4UHC0, A8CEP3, A8I1Q0, F1RRT2, J7HCX7, O14008, O60041, O82018, O94739, P02597, P02598, P02600, P02602, P02604, P02605, P02606, P02607, P04353, P04464, P05419, P05976, P05977, P06742, P06787, P07290, P07291, P07462, P07463, P08053, P08590, P09540, P09541, P09542, P0DH95, P0DH96

SIGNOR signaling

1 interactions.

A	Effect	B	Mechanism
MAPK3	up-regulates	MYL1	phosphorylation

Disease & clinical

Clinical variants and AI predictions

ClinVar

54 variants total. Per-class counts are floors (≥ shown; pagination cap):

Classification	Count (floor)
Pathogenic	0
Likely pathogenic	1
Uncertain significance	23
Likely benign	9
Benign	18

Top pathogenic / likely-pathogenic (1)

Variant ID	HGVS	Classification
4279087	NM_079420.3(MYL1):c.479-25T>C	Likely pathogenic

SpliceAI

801 predictions. Top by Δscore:

Variant	Effect	Δscore
2:210291029:TA:T	donor_loss	1.0000
2:210291030:A:AT	donor_loss	1.0000
2:210291031:CCTT:C	donor_loss	1.0000
2:210291070:AAAAG:A	acceptor_gain	1.0000
2:210291071:AAAG:A	acceptor_gain	1.0000
2:210291072:AAG:A	acceptor_gain	1.0000
2:210291073:AG:A	acceptor_gain	1.0000
2:210291073:AGCTG:A	acceptor_loss	1.0000
2:210291074:GCTG:G	acceptor_loss	1.0000
2:210291075:C:CC	acceptor_gain	1.0000
2:210291075:CTGTA:C	acceptor_loss	1.0000
2:210291076:T:G	acceptor_loss	1.0000
2:210291084:C:CT	acceptor_gain	1.0000
2:210291085:A:T	acceptor_gain	1.0000
2:210293722:C:CT	donor_loss	1.0000
2:210294240:CTTA:C	donor_loss	1.0000
2:210294242:TACC:T	donor_loss	1.0000
2:210294243:A:AC	donor_gain	1.0000
2:210294243:A:AT	donor_loss	1.0000
2:210294243:AC:A	donor_gain	1.0000
2:210294244:C:CA	donor_loss	1.0000
2:210294244:C:CC	donor_gain	1.0000
2:210294244:CC:C	donor_gain	1.0000
2:210294298:T:TA	donor_gain	1.0000
2:210294414:CAGCT:C	acceptor_gain	1.0000
2:210294415:AGCT:A	acceptor_gain	1.0000
2:210294416:GCT:G	acceptor_gain	1.0000
2:210294416:GCTCT:G	acceptor_loss	1.0000
2:210294417:CT:C	acceptor_gain	1.0000
2:210294417:CTC:C	acceptor_gain	1.0000

AlphaMissense

1288 scored. Top likely-pathogenic:

Variant	Protein change	am_pathogenicity
2:210294268:A:G	L152P	0.999
2:210294385:A:G	F113S	0.999
2:210298538:A:C	F62L	0.999
2:210298538:A:T	F62L	0.999
2:210298540:A:G	F62L	0.999
2:210298547:A:C	F59L	0.999
2:210298547:A:T	F59L	0.999
2:210298549:A:G	F59L	0.999
2:210291068:A:T	V188D	0.998
2:210293800:C:A	G160V	0.998
2:210293800:C:T	G160D	0.998
2:210294245:C:G	G160R	0.998
2:210294256:A:G	L156P	0.998
2:210294265:C:G	R153P	0.998
2:210294268:A:T	L152H	0.998
2:210294283:A:T	V147D	0.998
2:210294305:C:G	D140H	0.998
2:210294306:A:C	F139L	0.998
2:210294306:A:T	F139L	0.998
2:210294308:A:G	F139L	0.998
2:210294316:A:G	L136P	0.998
2:210294320:C:G	G135R	0.998
2:210298452:A:T	V91D	0.998
2:210298485:C:G	R80P	0.998
2:210298488:A:G	L79P	0.998
2:210298548:A:G	F59S	0.998
2:210293767:A:G	L171P	0.997
2:210294304:T:A	D140V	0.997
2:210294304:T:G	D140A	0.997
2:210294313:C:G	R137P	0.997

dbSNP variants (sampled 300 via entrez): RS1000115659 (2:210303712 A>G), RS1000128713 (2:210309764 G>A), RS1000178468 (2:210291383 C>G), RS1000261985 (2:210310056 C>A,T), RS1000314675 (2:210309727 T>A), RS1000553421 (2:210289953 T>G), RS1000792813 (2:210298184 G>A,C), RS1000826452 (2:210316214 C>G,T), RS1000845032 (2:210298000 G>A,T), RS1000926490 (2:210303172 G>A), RS1001007563 (2:210304859 G>C,T), RS1001091168 (2:210292182 C>A), RS1001246133 (2:210316710 A>T), RS1001467644 (2:210295543 A>G), RS1001523523 (2:210305137 G>A)

Disease associations

OMIM: gene MIM:160780 | disease phenotypes: MIM:618414

GenCC curated gene-disease

Disease	Classification	Inheritance
congenital myopathy with reduced type 2 muscle fibers	Moderate	Autosomal recessive

ClinGen Gene-Disease Validity (1)

Expert-panel classifications — Definitive > Strong > Moderate > Limited > Disputed > Refuted.

Disease	Classification	Inheritance
congenital myopathy	Limited	AR

Mondo (1): congenital myopathy with reduced type 2 muscle fibers (MONDO:0034109)

Orphanet (1): Congenital myopathy with reduced type 2 muscle fibers (Orphanet:544602)

HPO phenotypes

30 total (30 of 30 shown, HPO-id order):

HPO	Term
HP:0000007	Autosomal recessive inheritance
HP:0000218	High palate
HP:0000467	Neck muscle weakness
HP:0001252	Hypotonia
HP:0001270	Motor delay
HP:0001284	Areflexia
HP:0001371	Flexion contracture
HP:0001522	Death in infancy
HP:0001558	Decreased fetal movement
HP:0001561	Polyhydramnios
HP:0002058	Myopathic facies
HP:0002104	Apnea
HP:0002747	Respiratory insufficiency due to muscle weakness
HP:0002878	Respiratory failure
HP:0002987	Elbow flexion contracture
HP:0003273	Hip contracture
HP:0003324	Generalized muscle weakness
HP:0003327	Axial muscle weakness
HP:0003403	EMG: decremental response of compound muscle action potential to repetitive nerve stimulation
HP:0003557	Increased variability in muscle fiber diameter
HP:0003577	Congenital onset
HP:0003701	Proximal muscle weakness
HP:0003803	Type 1 muscle fiber predominance
HP:0006380	Knee flexion contracture
HP:0011968	Feeding difficulties
HP:0030319	Weakness of facial musculature
HP:0032988	Persistent head lag
HP:0040081	Abnormal circulating creatine kinase concentration
HP:0040288	Nasogastric tube feeding
HP:0100297	Increased endomysial connective tissue

GWAS associations

1 associations (top):

Study	Trait	p-value
GCST006249_100	Serum metabolite levels	9.000000e-19

Drugs & pharmacology

Drug and pharmacology data

Is drug target: no

PharmGKB: 1 entry (VIP=true, CPIC=false)

CTD chemical–gene interactions

14 total (human), top 14 by PubMed support.

Chemical	Actions (top 5)	PubMed papers
methylmercuric chloride	increases expression	1
scoparone	decreases phosphorylation	1
tanshinone	increases expression	1
CGP 52608	affects binding, increases reaction	1
deguelin	decreases expression	1
incobotulinumtoxinA	decreases expression	1
Benzo(a)pyrene	affects methylation	1
Clozapine	increases expression	1
Ivermectin	decreases expression	1
Norepinephrine	increases phosphorylation, affects reaction	1
Triclosan	increases expression	1
1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	increases expression	1
Aflatoxin B1	decreases methylation	1
Permethrin	decreases expression	1

Clinical trials (associated diseases)

0 trials via MONDO — disease-level, not drug-specific.