MYL12A

gene
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Also known as MLCBMYL2BMRLC3MRCL3

Summary

MYL12A (myosin light chain 12A, HGNC:16701) is a protein-coding gene on chromosome 18p11.31, encoding Myosin regulatory light chain 12A (P19105). Myosin regulatory subunit that plays an important role in regulation of both smooth muscle and nonmuscle cell contractile activity via its phosphorylation.

This gene encodes a nonsarcomeric myosin regulatory light chain. This protein is activated by phosphorylation and regulates smooth muscle and non-muscle cell contraction. This protein may also be involved in DNA damage repair by sequestering the transcriptional regulator apoptosis-antagonizing transcription factor (AATF)/Che-1 which functions as a repressor of p53-driven apoptosis. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants. A pseudogene of this gene is found on chromosome 8.

Source: NCBI Gene 10627 — RefSeq curated summary.

At a glance

  • GWAS associations: 3
  • Clinical variants (ClinVar): 23 total — 1 pathogenic
  • Druggable target: yes — 1 molecules with ChEMBL bioactivity
  • MANE Select transcript: NM_006471

Identifiers

Gene identifiers

FieldValue
HGNC IDHGNC:16701
Approved symbolMYL12A
Namemyosin light chain 12A
Location18p11.31
Locus typegene with protein product
StatusApproved
AliasesMLCB, MYL2B, MRLC3, MRCL3
Ensembl geneENSG00000101608
Ensembl biotypeprotein_coding
Entrez10627

Gene structure

Transcript identifiers

Ensembl transcripts: 40 — 35 protein_coding, 3 retained_intron, 2 protein_coding_CDS_not_defined

ENST00000217652, ENST00000536605, ENST00000577510, ENST00000578038, ENST00000578562, ENST00000578611, ENST00000579226, ENST00000580353, ENST00000580887, ENST00000583449, ENST00000585090, ENST00000608786, ENST00000855660, ENST00000855661, ENST00000855662, ENST00000855663, ENST00000855664, ENST00000855665, ENST00000855666, ENST00000855667, ENST00000855668, ENST00000855669, ENST00000855670, ENST00000922826, ENST00000922827, ENST00000922828, ENST00000922829, ENST00000922830, ENST00000922831, ENST00000922832, ENST00000922833, ENST00000964506, ENST00000964507, ENST00000964508, ENST00000964509, ENST00000964510, ENST00000964511, ENST00000964512, ENST00000964513, ENST00000964514

RefSeq mRNA: 4 — MANE Select: NM_006471 NM_001303047, NM_001303048, NM_001303049, NM_006471

CCDS: CCDS11830, CCDS77145

Canonical transcript exons

ENST00000217652 — 4 exons

ExonStartEnd
ENSE0000116243732557463256236
ENSE0000272157232478013247909
ENSE0000357150832532333253428
ENSE0000378532832538893254050

Expression profiles

Bgee: expression breadth ubiquitous, 240 present calls, max score 99.90.

FANTOM5 (CAGE): breadth ubiquitous, TPM avg 501.5171 / max 11678.2123, expressed in 1828 samples.

FANTOM5 promoters (13 alternative TSS)

Promoter IDTPM avgSamples expressed
169139482.85621828
1691469.4203198
1691384.96691653
1691431.5669204
1691370.9891429
1691450.6600130
1691490.4626230
1691440.236197
1691400.102028
1691510.097019

Top tissues by expression

257 total, by Bgee expression score (0-100, higher = more expressed):

TissueAnatomy IDExpression scoreQuality
apex of heartUBERON:000209899.90gold quality
hindlimb stylopod muscleUBERON:000425299.81gold quality
right atrium auricular regionUBERON:000663199.73gold quality
monocyteCL:000057699.66gold quality
leukocyteCL:000073899.66gold quality
granulocyteCL:000009499.64gold quality
right lungUBERON:000216799.64gold quality
upper lobe of left lungUBERON:000895299.58gold quality
right coronary arteryUBERON:000162599.57gold quality
ascending aortaUBERON:000149699.54gold quality
thoracic aortaUBERON:000151599.54gold quality
endometrium epitheliumUBERON:000481199.53gold quality
metanephros cortexUBERON:001053399.53gold quality
left coronary arteryUBERON:000162699.52gold quality
rectumUBERON:000105299.51gold quality
gastrocnemiusUBERON:000138899.51gold quality
gall bladderUBERON:000211099.51gold quality
popliteal arteryUBERON:000225099.48gold quality
tibial arteryUBERON:000761099.48gold quality
vermiform appendixUBERON:000115499.44gold quality
descending thoracic aortaUBERON:000234599.43gold quality
smooth muscle tissueUBERON:000113599.42gold quality
mucosa of transverse colonUBERON:000499199.42gold quality
muscle of legUBERON:000138399.40gold quality
left lobe of thyroid glandUBERON:000112099.36gold quality
left uterine tubeUBERON:000130399.35gold quality
tibial nerveUBERON:000132399.33gold quality
lower esophagus mucosaUBERON:003583499.32gold quality
right lobe of thyroid glandUBERON:000111999.31gold quality
small intestine Peyer’s patchUBERON:000345499.30gold quality

Single-cell (SCXA)

Detected in 33 experiment(s), a significant marker in 25.

ExperimentMarker?Max mean expression
E-MTAB-8498yes6189.22
E-MTAB-10662yes2811.11
E-GEOD-111727yes2315.88
E-HCAD-1yes125.58
E-HCAD-4yes96.29
E-CURD-122yes54.33
E-HCAD-6yes48.12
E-HCAD-11yes46.23
E-MTAB-6701yes42.80
E-CURD-46yes41.45
E-HCAD-10yes37.81
E-HCAD-31yes26.76
E-HCAD-9yes25.42
E-GEOD-81547yes24.81
E-MTAB-8410yes24.47

Regulation

Is transcription factor: no

miRNA regulators (miRDB)

40 targeting MYL12A, top 30 by miRDB confidence (max_score; target_count = how many genes the miRNA targets in total — lower means more specific):

miRNAMax scoreAvg scoremiRNA target_count
HSA-MIR-340-5P100.0072.504437
HSA-MIR-6870-5P99.9968.552115
HSA-MIR-4723-5P99.9768.702034
HSA-MIR-569899.9768.492029
HSA-MIR-7111-5P99.9768.482062
HSA-MIR-449299.8768.253611
HSA-MIR-548AJ-5P99.7871.123085
HSA-MIR-548F-5P99.7871.023093
HSA-MIR-548G-5P99.7871.123085
HSA-MIR-548X-5P99.7871.123085
HSA-MIR-320A-3P99.7769.732107
HSA-MIR-320B99.7769.732107
HSA-MIR-320C99.7769.732107
HSA-MIR-320D99.7769.732107
HSA-MIR-442999.7769.622111
HSA-MIR-4766-5P99.7569.232662
HSA-MIR-561-3P99.6470.903647
HSA-MIR-76299.5866.611994
HSA-MIR-449899.4767.422360
HSA-MIR-127599.4767.902749
HSA-MIR-889-5P99.4168.751025
HSA-MIR-425199.4069.193363
HSA-MIR-450599.2767.812678
HSA-MIR-578799.2267.862628
HSA-MIR-146A-3P99.1368.991881
HSA-MIR-29A-5P99.0868.591813
HSA-MIR-5001-5P99.0566.761972
HSA-MIR-140-3P99.0467.691324
HSA-MIR-62298.9966.481050
HSA-MIR-3145-3P98.8569.072031

Cross-species orthologs

5 orthologs

OrganismSymbolGene ID
danio_reriomyl12.2ENSDARG00000025326
mus_musculusMyl12aENSMUSG00000024048
rattus_norvegicusMyl12aENSRNOG00000015278
caenorhabditis_elegansWBGENE00003369
caenorhabditis_elegansWBGENE00003370

Paralogs (7): MYL9 (ENSG00000101335), MYL10 (ENSG00000106436), MYL7 (ENSG00000106631), MYL2 (ENSG00000111245), MYL12B (ENSG00000118680), MYL11 (ENSG00000180209), MYL5 (ENSG00000215375)

Protein

Protein identifiers

Myosin regulatory light chain 12AP19105 (reviewed: P19105)

Alternative names: Epididymis secretory protein Li 24, MLC-2B, Myosin RLC, Myosin regulatory light chain 2, nonsarcomeric, Myosin regulatory light chain MRLC3

All UniProt accessions (4): P19105, J3KT92, J3KTJ1, J3QRS3

UniProt curated annotations — full annotation on UniProt →

Function. Myosin regulatory subunit that plays an important role in regulation of both smooth muscle and nonmuscle cell contractile activity via its phosphorylation. Implicated in cytokinesis, receptor capping, and cell locomotion.

Subunit / interactions. Myosin is a hexamer of 2 heavy chains and 4 light chains.

Post-translational modifications. Phosphorylation increases the actin-activated myosin ATPase activity and thereby regulates the contractile activity. It is required to generate the driving force in the migration of the cells but not necessary for localization of myosin-2 at the leading edge.

Miscellaneous. This chain binds calcium.

RefSeq proteins (4): NP_001289976, NP_001289977, NP_001289978, NP_006462* (*=MANE)

Domains & families (InterPro)

IDNameType
IPR002048EF_hand_domDomain
IPR011992EF-hand-dom_pairHomologous_superfamily
IPR015070EF_hand_DJBPDomain
IPR018247EF_Hand_1_Ca_BSBinding_site
IPR050403Myosin_RLCFamily

Pfam: PF08976, PF13499

UniProt features (10 total): binding site 4, domain 3, modified residue 2, chain 1

Structure

Experimental structures (PDB)

0 structures.

Predicted structure (AlphaFold)

ModelpLDDTFraction very-high
AF-P19105-F183.590.58

Functional residue map

Curated UniProt residues grouped by drug-discovery relevance — catalytic, ligand-binding, modification, and mutation-validated positions. Source: UniProtKB sequence features.

Ligand- & substrate-binding residues (4): 41; 43; 45; 52

Post-translational modifications (2): 18, 19

Function

Pathways and Gene Ontology

Reactome pathways

7 pathways

IDPathway
R-HSA-3928664Ephrin signaling
R-HSA-445355Smooth Muscle Contraction
R-HSA-1266738Developmental Biology
R-HSA-2682334EPH-Ephrin signaling
R-HSA-397014Muscle contraction
R-HSA-422475Axon guidance
R-HSA-9675108Nervous system development

MSigDB gene sets: 201 (showing top): BERENJENO_ROCK_SIGNALING_NOT_VIA_RHOA_DN, MODULE_255, BASSO_B_LYMPHOCYTE_NETWORK, XU_GH1_AUTOCRINE_TARGETS_UP, GOBP_PLATELET_ACTIVATION, MODULE_317, KEGG_TIGHT_JUNCTION, HEIDENBLAD_AMPLICON_8Q24_DN, GOBP_WOUND_HEALING, GOBP_CELL_CELL_ADHESION, NELSON_RESPONSE_TO_ANDROGEN_UP, SCHLOSSER_SERUM_RESPONSE_DN, REACTOME_SMOOTH_MUSCLE_CONTRACTION, CHARAFE_BREAST_CANCER_LUMINAL_VS_BASAL_DN, GOBP_HOMOTYPIC_CELL_CELL_ADHESION

GO Biological Process (1): platelet aggregation (GO:0070527)

GO Molecular Function (4): calcium ion binding (GO:0005509), myosin heavy chain binding (GO:0032036), protein binding (GO:0005515), metal ion binding (GO:0046872)

GO Cellular Component (5): cytoplasm (GO:0005737), cytosol (GO:0005829), myosin II complex (GO:0016460), extracellular exosome (GO:0070062), myosin complex (GO:0016459)

Reactome top-level categories

Rollup of top-5 pathways:

CategoryPathways
EPH-Ephrin signaling1
Muscle contraction1
Axon guidance1
Nervous system development1
Developmental Biology1

GO top-level categories

Rollup of top GO terms by namespace:

CategoryTerms
cellular anatomical structure2
platelet activation1
homotypic cell-cell adhesion1
metal ion binding1
myosin binding1
binding1
cation binding1
intracellular anatomical structure1
cytoplasm1
myosin complex1
extracellular vesicle1
actin cytoskeleton1
protein-containing complex1

Protein interactions and networks

STRING

2220 interactions, top by confidence (×1000):

Protein AProtein BPartner UniProtScore
MYL12AMYLK2Q9H1R3910
MYL12AMYBPC3Q14896714
MYL12AMYBPC2Q14324662
MYL12AMYLKQ15746596
MYL12ATNNI1P19237566
MYL12AMYL6P16475541
MYL12AMYL3P08590537
MYL12AMYL6BP14649521
MYL12AMYH10P35580519
MYL12AACTC1P04270505
MYL12AMYH9P35579495
MYL12AITGB1P05556469
MYL12ACLUL1Q15846419
MYL12ARASD2Q96D21414
MYL12AMYLK3Q32MK0412

IntAct

123 interactions, top by confidence:

ABTypeScore
CFTRESYT2psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.710
YWHAZLMNApsi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.560
LIN9MYBL1psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.530
ESR2psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.500
CFTRPLEKHG3psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.480
FOSMYO1Cpsi-mi:“MI:2364”(proximity)0.480
AP3D1psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.460
MYL12Bpsi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.460
CDC42BPAMYL12Apsi-mi:“MI:0217”(phosphorylation reaction)0.440
Cdc42bpaMYL12Apsi-mi:“MI:0217”(phosphorylation reaction)0.440
Rock2MYL12Apsi-mi:“MI:0217”(phosphorylation reaction)0.440
CITMYL12Apsi-mi:“MI:0217”(phosphorylation reaction)0.440
Cdc42bpbMYL12Apsi-mi:“MI:0217”(phosphorylation reaction)0.440
MYLKMYL12Apsi-mi:“MI:0217”(phosphorylation reaction)0.440
PAK1MYL12Apsi-mi:“MI:0217”(phosphorylation reaction)0.440
GNAT3psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)0.400
ACTBDDX3Xpsi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)0.400

BioGRID (241): MYL12A (Affinity Capture-MS), MYL12A (Two-hybrid), MYL12A (Reconstituted Complex), MYL12A (Affinity Capture-MS), MYL12A (Affinity Capture-MS), MYL12A (Affinity Capture-MS), MYL12A (Affinity Capture-MS), MYL12A (Affinity Capture-MS), MYL12A (Affinity Capture-MS), MYL12A (Affinity Capture-MS), MYL12A (Affinity Capture-MS), MYL12A (Affinity Capture-MS), MYL12A (Affinity Capture-MS), MYL12A (Affinity Capture-MS), MYL12A (Affinity Capture-MS)

ESM2 similar proteins: A0A125YHX7, A0A125YZN2, A4IF97, J9W034, O14950, O23184, O74435, O82659, P02612, P08733, P13832, P15845, P18666, P19105, P24032, P24844, P29269, P40423, P41208, P41209, P41210, P41691, P48593, P53441, Q09510, Q0IQB6, Q0IUU4, Q12798, Q24956, Q27177, Q27178, Q27179, Q2TBN3, Q32LE3, Q338P8, Q39584, Q3SEK0, Q3SEK2, Q3THE2, Q40642

Diamond homologs: A2WN93, A2WNH1, A2Y609, A3E3H0, A3E4D8, A3E4F9, A4IF97, A4UHC0, A8CEP3, A8I1Q0, B7SNI3, F1SSF9, O14950, O93409, O94739, P02597, P02598, P02608, P02609, P02610, P02611, P02612, P02613, P04112, P04113, P04353, P04464, P04466, P05419, P05944, P05963, P07461, P08051, P08052, P08733, P0DH95, P0DH96, P10916, P11120, P13543

SIGNOR signaling

5 interactions.

AEffectBMechanism
DAPK1“up-regulates activity”MYL12Aphosphorylation
ROCK1“up-regulates activity”MYL12Aphosphorylation
PAK2“up-regulates activity”MYL12Aphosphorylation

Enriched among interaction partners

Reactome pathways and GO biological processes over-represented among this gene’s 115 IntAct physical interaction partners (hypergeometric vs the genome-wide background, BH-FDR, gene-set size 15–500, ranked by fold). A functional readout of the neighbourhood — distinct from this gene’s own memberships above, and biased toward well-studied / hub proteins, so read it as themes rather than proof.

Reactome pathways:

PathwayPartnersFoldFDR
FCERI mediated MAPK activation520.4×3e-03
Smooth Muscle Contraction515.6×3e-03
Regulation of actin dynamics for phagocytic cup formation510.8×1e-02

GO biological processes:

GO termPartnersFoldFDR
amyloid fibril formation531.7×2e-04
canonical NF-kappaB signal transduction519.3×1e-03
Ras protein signal transduction715.1×2e-04
actin cytoskeleton organization97.5×8e-04
positive regulation of canonical NF-kappaB signal transduction96.9×1e-03

Disease & clinical

Clinical variants and AI predictions

ClinVar

23 variants total. Per-class counts are floors (≥ shown; pagination cap):

ClassificationCount (floor)
Pathogenic1
Likely pathogenic0
Uncertain significance12
Likely benign0
Benign1

Top pathogenic / likely-pathogenic (1)

Variant IDHGVSClassification
1703622GRCh37/hg19 18p11.32-11.22(chr18:136226-10172941)Pathogenic

SpliceAI

539 predictions. Top by Δscore:

VariantEffectΔscore
18:3253227:A:AGacceptor_gain1.0000
18:3253228:A:Gacceptor_gain1.0000
18:3253228:ATTAG:Aacceptor_gain1.0000
18:3253229:TTA:Tacceptor_loss1.0000
18:3253230:TAG:Tacceptor_loss1.0000
18:3253231:A:AGacceptor_gain1.0000
18:3253231:AG:Aacceptor_gain1.0000
18:3253232:G:Aacceptor_gain1.0000
18:3253232:G:Cacceptor_loss1.0000
18:3253232:G:GAacceptor_gain1.0000
18:3253232:GGA:Gacceptor_gain1.0000
18:3253232:GGAC:Gacceptor_gain1.0000
18:3253232:GGACT:Gacceptor_gain1.0000
18:3253398:G:GTdonor_gain1.0000
18:3253398:G:Tdonor_gain1.0000
18:3253399:A:Tdonor_gain1.0000
18:3253402:A:Gdonor_gain1.0000
18:3253411:A:Gdonor_gain1.0000
18:3253427:GG:Gdonor_gain1.0000
18:3253428:GG:Gdonor_gain1.0000
18:3253428:GGTAA:Gdonor_loss1.0000
18:3253429:G:GGdonor_gain1.0000
18:3253429:GTA:Gdonor_loss1.0000
18:3253430:T:Gdonor_loss1.0000
18:3253879:A:AGacceptor_gain1.0000
18:3253880:A:AGacceptor_gain1.0000
18:3253881:A:Gacceptor_gain1.0000
18:3253882:A:AGacceptor_gain1.0000
18:3253883:A:AGacceptor_gain1.0000
18:3253884:T:Gacceptor_gain1.0000

AlphaMissense

0 scored. Top likely-pathogenic:

dbSNP variants (sampled 300 via entrez): RS1000044815 (18:3248054 C>T), RS1000096580 (18:3248301 G>A), RS1000577876 (18:3250888 G>C), RS1000630252 (18:3251099 G>A), RS1000691116 (18:3250616 A>G), RS1000918107 (18:3245989 T>A,C), RS1001394576 (18:3253907 A>G), RS1001582910 (18:3249750 A>G), RS1001630486 (18:3249898 AAAAT>A), RS1001763333 (18:3255886 C>T), RS1002001990 (18:3252298 A>G), RS1002065364 (18:3251125 A>C,G), RS1002215781 (18:3256289 C>T), RS1002351392 (18:3252131 A>G), RS1002387233 (18:3247165 T>C)

Disease associations

OMIM: gene `` | disease phenotypes: MIM:609628, MIM:146390

GenCC curated gene-disease

Mondo (2): Majeed syndrome (MONDO:0012316), chromosome 18p deletion syndrome (MONDO:0007800)

Orphanet (3): Majeed syndrome (Orphanet:77297), Monosomy 18p syndrome (Orphanet:1598), Partial deletion of the short arm of chromosome 18 syndrome (Orphanet:261974)

HPO phenotypes

0 total (0 of 0 shown, HPO-id order):

GWAS associations

3 associations (top):

StudyTraitp-value
GCST003542_27Night sleep phenotypes9.000000e-06
GCST003598_51QRS duration3.000000e-07
GCST003598_52QRS duration5.000000e-08

EFO canonical traits (1, from GWAS)

EFO IDTrait name
EFO:0007827nighttime rest measurement

MeSH disease descriptors (2)

DescriptorNameTree numbers
C538309Chromosome 18p deletion syndrome (supp.)
C537839Majeed syndrome (supp.)

Drugs & pharmacology

Drug and pharmacology data

Is drug target: yes

ChEMBL targets (1): CHEMBL5724627 (SINGLE PROTEIN)

Molecules with ChEMBL bioactivity

1 molecules (phase ≥1), by development phase (incl. off-target/promiscuous compounds). Patent mentions across the top 20 by phase: 1,538 (via chembl_molecule»patent_compound — counts attach to the compound, not the gene–compound relationship, so off-target/promiscuous molecules can dominate).

MoleculeNamePhasePatents
CHEMBL1232461MOLIBRESIB21,538

PharmGKB: 1 entry (VIP=true, CPIC=false)

ChEMBL bioactivities

1 potent at pChembl≥5 of 1 total, top 1 by pChembl (potency: 10 = 0.1 nM, 6 = 1 µM).

pChemblTypeValueUnitMolecule
5.35IC504480nMMOLIBRESIB

PubChem BioAssay actives

1 with measured affinity, of 7 total; 1 most potent distinct compounds. Largely complementary to BindingDB; screening values are coarse (µM, 4 dp), so sub-nM hits tie at the floor.

CompoundAssayTypeValueUnit
2-[(4S)-6-(4-chlorophenyl)-8-methoxy-1-methyl-4H-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a][1,4]benzodiazepin-4-yl]-N-ethylacetamide2178785: Inhibition of MRCL3 (unknown origin) incubated for 1 hr by colloidal coomassie staining based LC-MS/MS analysisic504.4800uM

CTD chemical–gene interactions

50 total (human), top 30 by PubMed support.

ChemicalActions (top 5)PubMed papers
bisphenol Aaffects expression, decreases expression3
sodium arseniteincreases abundance, increases expression, decreases expression, affects cotreatment3
Valproic Acidincreases expression3
Benzo(a)pyrenedecreases methylation, increases expression2
GSK-J4decreases expression1
bisphenol Fincreases expression1
TAK-243increases sumoylation1
dicrotophosdecreases expression1
methylmercuric chlorideincreases expression1
sodium arsenatedecreases expression1
arseniteaffects binding, increases reaction1
methylparabendecreases expression1
di-n-butylphosphoric acidaffects expression1
chloropicrinincreases expression1
K 7174increases expression1
torcetrapibincreases expression1
bisphenol Bincreases expression1
bisphenol AFincreases expression1
Bortezomibincreases expression1
Leflunomideincreases expression1
Arsenicaffects cotreatment, decreases expression, increases abundance1
Cadmiumincreases expression1
Cisplatinincreases expression1
Curcuminincreases expression1
Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethyleneincreases expression1
Bucladesineaffects cotreatment, decreases expression1
Diurondecreases expression1
Doxorubicinaffects expression1
Estradiolaffects cotreatment, decreases expression1
Ethyl Methanesulfonatedecreases expression1

ChEMBL screening assays

6 unique, capped per target: 6 binding

Representative assays (with source publication via chembl_document):

Assay IDTypeDescriptionSource paper
CHEMBL5697515BindingInhibition of MRCL3 (unknown origin) assessed as fold change at 10 uM incubated for 1 hr by colloidal coomassie staining based LC-MS/MS analysisInhibition of BET recruitment to chromatin as an effective treatment for MLL-fusion leukaemia. — Nature

Clinical trials (associated diseases)

0 trials via MONDO — disease-level, not drug-specific.