NARS1

Summary

NARS1 (asparaginyl-tRNA synthetase 1, HGNC:7643) is a protein-coding gene on chromosome 18q21.31, encoding Asparagine–tRNA ligase, cytoplasmic (O43776). Catalyzes the attachment of asparagine to tRNA(Asn) in a two-step reaction: asparagine is first activated by ATP to form Asn-AMP and then transferred to the acceptor end of tRNA(Asn). It is a common-essential gene (DepMap: required in 99.9% of cancer cell lines).

Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases are a class of enzymes that charge tRNAs with their cognate amino acids. Asparaginyl-tRNA synthetase is localized to the cytoplasm and belongs to the class II family of tRNA synthetases. The N-terminal domain represents the signature sequence for the eukaryotic asparaginyl-tRNA synthetases.

Source: NCBI Gene 4677 — RefSeq curated summary.

At a glance

• Gene–disease (curated): complex neurodevelopmental disorder (Definitive, GenCC) — +2 more curated relationships
• Clinical variants (ClinVar): 249 total — 4 pathogenic, 16 likely-pathogenic
• GTEx eGene: eQTL in 25 tissues, sQTL in 10 (q < 0.05)
• Phenotypes (HPO): 48
• Cancer dependency (DepMap): dependent in 99.9% of screened cell lines (common-essential)
• Constraint (gnomAD): pLI 0.00 (LoF-tolerant), LOEUF 0.92 (unconstrained)
• MANE Select transcript: NM_004539

Identifiers

Gene identifiers

Field	Value
HGNC ID	HGNC:7643
Approved symbol	NARS1
Name	asparaginyl-tRNA synthetase 1
Location	18q21.31
Locus type	gene with protein product
Status	Approved
Aliases	AsnRS
Ensembl gene	ENSG00000134440
Ensembl biotype	protein_coding
OMIM	108410
Entrez	4677

Gene structure

Transcript identifiers

Ensembl transcripts: 44 — 27 protein_coding, 13 nonsense_mediated_decay, 4 retained_intron

MANE Select: ENST00000256854

Transcript support level (Ensembl TSL; 1 = fully mRNA-supported): TSL 1: 1, TSL 2: 5, TSL 4: 2, TSL 5: 4

ENST00000256854, ENST00000411676, ENST00000540592, ENST00000586807, ENST00000587194, ENST00000587366, ENST00000587675, ENST00000588661, ENST00000589001, ENST00000589314, ENST00000590123, ENST00000591599, ENST00000902983, ENST00000902984, ENST00000902985, ENST00000902986, ENST00000902987, ENST00000902988, ENST00000902989, ENST00000925914, ENST00000925915, ENST00000925916, ENST00000925917, ENST00000925918, ENST00000944520, ENST00000944521, ENST00000944522, ENST00000944523, ENST00001000941, ENST00001010012, ENST00001010014, ENST00001010015, ENST00001010016, ENST00001010018, ENST00001010019, ENST00001010023, ENST00001010025, ENST00001070181, ENST00001070183, ENST00001070184, ENST00001109675, ENST00001113234, ENST00001117168, ENST00001132566

RefSeq mRNA: 1 — MANE Select: NM_004539 NM_004539

CCDS: CCDS32837

Canonical transcript exons

ENST00000256854 — 14 exons

Exon	Start	End
ENSE00001225301	57621708	57621836
ENSE00001625791	57600656	57601783
ENSE00003461119	57611637	57611707
ENSE00003461949	57609357	57609443
ENSE00003478089	57605857	57605970
ENSE00003482714	57615817	57615975
ENSE00003509365	57602812	57602943
ENSE00003512665	57602355	57602486
ENSE00003556619	57606616	57606751
ENSE00003567090	57607134	57607333
ENSE00003580355	57613602	57613680
ENSE00003631659	57615641	57615730
ENSE00003642036	57607444	57607665
ENSE00003650295	57620569	57620651

Expression profiles

Bgee: expression breadth ubiquitous, 300 present calls, max score 99.61.

FANTOM5 (CAGE): breadth ubiquitous, TPM avg 140.7118 / max 4276.8406, expressed in 1823 samples.

Highest expression (Bgee): endothelial cell, pancreatic ductal cell, Brodmann (1909) area 23, cervix squamous epithelium, lateral nuclear group of thalamus.

Genetic regulation across tissues (GTEx eQTL / sQTL)

NARS1 is an eGene in GTEx v10 — its expression is genetically regulated (eQTL) in 25 tissues and its splicing (sQTL) in 10 (q < 0.05). Strongest associations first; slope = normalized effect of the lead variant’s alternative allele.

showing 20 of 35 significant tissue × QTL associations:

Tissue	QTL	q-value	Slope	Lead variant
Muscle Skeletal	eqtl	7.3e-27	-0.20	18:57616004:T:C
Nerve Tibial	eqtl	2.5e-20	+0.15	18:57624450:C:T
Artery Tibial	eqtl	2.8e-17	+0.16	18:57624450:C:T
Skin Sun Exposed Lower leg	sqtl	7.3e-16	-0.37	18:57608352:G:A
Cells Cultured fibroblasts	eqtl	4.6e-15	+0.12	18:57617891:G:A
Heart Atrial Appendage	eqtl	3.8e-14	-0.16	18:57617100:G:A
Skin Not Sun Exposed Suprapubic	sqtl	3.8e-14	-0.38	18:57609762:A:G
Adipose Subcutaneous	sqtl	7.0e-14	+0.40	18:57609762:A:G
Testis	eqtl	1.4e-11	-0.19	18:57597927:A:G
Artery Aorta	eqtl	3.8e-11	+0.17	18:57624450:C:T
Lung	sqtl	2.8e-10	+0.30	18:57595335:G:C
Esophagus Mucosa	eqtl	1.0e-08	+0.10	18:57610719:T:C
Lung	eqtl	1.2e-07	+0.10	18:57610719:T:C
Adipose Subcutaneous	eqtl	1.4e-07	+0.12	18:57624450:C:T
Breast Mammary Tissue	sqtl	5.4e-07	-0.39	18:57624128:G:A
Brain Putamen basal ganglia	eqtl	9.8e-07	-2.26	18:58245190:G:C
Heart Left Ventricle	eqtl	4.9e-05	-0.11	18:57624450:C:T
Nerve Tibial	sqtl	5.2e-05	+0.19	18:57608352:G:A
Uterus	eqtl	1.2e-04	+2.01	18:57355027:A:G
Whole Blood	sqtl	1.6e-04	+0.29	18:57595335:G:C

FANTOM5 promoters

3 alternative TSS:

Promoter ID	TPM avg	Samples expressed
172113	139.4855	1823
172111	0.6628	293
172112	0.5635	195

Top tissues by expression

showing 100 of 301 tissues by Bgee expression score (0-100, higher = more expressed):

Tissue	Anatomy ID	Expression score	Quality
endothelial cell	CL:0000115	99.61	gold quality
pancreatic ductal cell	CL:0002079	99.56	gold quality
Brodmann (1909) area 23	UBERON:0013554	99.52	gold quality
cervix squamous epithelium	UBERON:0006922	99.48	gold quality
lateral nuclear group of thalamus	UBERON:0002736	99.45	gold quality
middle temporal gyrus	UBERON:0002771	99.41	gold quality
epithelial cell of pancreas	CL:0000083	99.36	gold quality
nephron tubule	UBERON:0001231	99.19	gold quality
gingival epithelium	UBERON:0001949	99.17	gold quality
mucosa of sigmoid colon	UBERON:0004993	99.15	gold quality
parotid gland	UBERON:0001831	99.13	gold quality
colonic mucosa	UBERON:0000317	99.09	gold quality
choroid plexus epithelium	UBERON:0003911	99.08	gold quality
squamous epithelium	UBERON:0006914	99.05	gold quality
CA1 field of hippocampus	UBERON:0003881	99.04	gold quality
renal medulla	UBERON:0000362	98.98	gold quality
substantia nigra pars compacta	UBERON:0001965	98.98	gold quality
kidney epithelium	UBERON:0004819	98.98	gold quality
germinal epithelium of ovary	UBERON:0001304	98.96	gold quality
gingiva	UBERON:0001828	98.93	gold quality
ileal mucosa	UBERON:0000331	98.91	gold quality
bronchial epithelial cell	CL:0002328	98.90	gold quality
pons	UBERON:0000988	98.90	gold quality
esophagus squamous epithelium	UBERON:0006920	98.89	gold quality
epithelium of nasopharynx	UBERON:0001951	98.88	gold quality
nasopharynx	UBERON:0001728	98.86	gold quality
renal glomerulus	UBERON:0000074	98.85	gold quality
nasal cavity epithelium	UBERON:0005384	98.84	gold quality
pigmented layer of retina	UBERON:0001782	98.82	gold quality
metanephric glomerulus	UBERON:0004736	98.82	gold quality
substantia nigra pars reticulata	UBERON:0001966	98.81	gold quality
postcentral gyrus	UBERON:0002581	98.81	gold quality
retina	UBERON:0000966	98.80	gold quality
parietal lobe	UBERON:0001872	98.77	gold quality
Brodmann (1909) area 10	UBERON:0013541	98.76	gold quality
hair follicle	UBERON:0002073	98.75	gold quality
tongue squamous epithelium	UBERON:0006919	98.74	gold quality
epithelium of bronchus	UBERON:0002031	98.73	gold quality
eye	UBERON:0000970	98.72	gold quality
palpebral conjunctiva	UBERON:0001812	98.71	gold quality
bronchus	UBERON:0002185	98.69	gold quality
lateral globus pallidus	UBERON:0002476	98.67	gold quality
superior frontal gyrus	UBERON:0002661	98.67	gold quality
entorhinal cortex	UBERON:0002728	98.67	gold quality
seminal vesicle	UBERON:0000998	98.66	gold quality
cerebellar vermis	UBERON:0004720	98.65	gold quality
visceral pleura	UBERON:0002401	98.63	gold quality
frontal pole	UBERON:0002795	98.62	gold quality
left ventricle myocardium	UBERON:0006566	98.60	gold quality
cauda epididymis	UBERON:0004360	98.59	gold quality
caput epididymis	UBERON:0004358	98.58	gold quality
superior vestibular nucleus	UBERON:0007227	98.58	gold quality
tibialis anterior	UBERON:0001385	98.57	gold quality
dorsal plus ventral thalamus	UBERON:0001897	98.55	gold quality
epithelium of esophagus	UBERON:0001976	98.55	gold quality
metanephros	UBERON:0000081	98.54	gold quality
myocardium	UBERON:0002349	98.54	gold quality
jejunal mucosa	UBERON:0000399	98.52	gold quality
orbitofrontal cortex	UBERON:0004167	98.49	gold quality
Brodmann (1909) area 46	UBERON:0006483	98.49	gold quality
cranial nerve II	UBERON:0000941	98.47	gold quality
occipital lobe	UBERON:0002021	98.47	gold quality
primary visual cortex	UBERON:0002436	98.46	gold quality
medulla oblongata	UBERON:0001896	98.44	gold quality
oral cavity	UBERON:0000167	98.42	gold quality
heart right ventricle	UBERON:0002080	98.42	gold quality
skin of hip	UBERON:0001554	98.41	gold quality
mammalian vulva	UBERON:0000997	98.40	gold quality
deltoid	UBERON:0001476	98.40	gold quality
pleura	UBERON:0000977	98.37	gold quality
cardiac muscle of right atrium	UBERON:0003379	98.31	gold quality
parietal pleura	UBERON:0002400	98.29	gold quality
pharyngeal mucosa	UBERON:0000355	98.28	gold quality
ventral tegmental area	UBERON:0002691	98.28	gold quality
upper leg skin	UBERON:0004262	98.28	gold quality
pylorus	UBERON:0001166	98.27	gold quality
cervix epithelium	UBERON:0004801	98.27	gold quality
dorsal motor nucleus of vagus nerve	UBERON:0002870	98.24	gold quality
rectum	UBERON:0001052	98.23	gold quality
subthalamic nucleus	UBERON:0001906	98.19	gold quality
cardia of stomach	UBERON:0001162	98.18	gold quality
jejunum	UBERON:0002115	98.17	gold quality
inferior olivary complex	UBERON:0002127	98.15	gold quality
paraflocculus	UBERON:0005351	98.14	gold quality
nasal cavity mucosa	UBERON:0001826	98.13	gold quality
duodenum	UBERON:0002114	98.09	gold quality
corpus epididymis	UBERON:0004359	98.09	gold quality
tongue	UBERON:0001723	98.04	gold quality
kidney	UBERON:0002113	98.04	gold quality
upper arm skin	UBERON:0004263	98.04	gold quality
inferior vagus X ganglion	UBERON:0005363	98.04	gold quality
body of tongue	UBERON:0011876	98.03	gold quality
dorsal root ganglion	UBERON:0000044	98.02	gold quality
quadriceps femoris	UBERON:0001377	98.01	gold quality
vastus lateralis	UBERON:0001379	97.98	gold quality
oviduct epithelium	UBERON:0004804	97.96	gold quality
mucosa of paranasal sinus	UBERON:0005030	97.95	gold quality
endometrium	UBERON:0001295	97.94	gold quality
superior surface of tongue	UBERON:0007371	97.94	gold quality
epithelium of mammary gland	UBERON:0003244	97.93	gold quality

Single-cell (SCXA)

Detected in 2 experiment(s), a significant marker in 1.

Experiment	Marker?	Max mean expression
E-MTAB-6819	no	1046.85
E-ANND-3	no	0.00

HPA expression

RNA tissue specificity: Low tissue specificity

showing 60 of 80 HPA tissues / cells by nTPM:

Tissue / cell	Axis	nTPM	Protein (IHC)
Pons	tissue	144.0
Frontal cortex	tissue	143.1
Superior colliculi	tissue	136.6
Cerebral cortex	tissue	136.1	medium
Occipital cortex	tissue	136.1
Thalamus	tissue	135.4
Somatosensory cortex	tissue	130.5
Caudate putamen	tissue	127.9
Motor cortex	tissue	126.7
Midbrain	tissue	126.5
Kidney	tissue	126.0	medium
Hippocampal formation	tissue	123.8
Tongue	tissue	122.0
Prefrontal cortex	tissue	121.8
Medulla oblongata	tissue	119.9
Skeletal muscle	tissue	119.2	low
Parathyroid gland	tissue	117.8	medium
Substantia nigra	tissue	117.4
Postcentral gyrus	tissue	117.3
Putamen	tissue	116.0
Cerebellum	tissue	113.3	high
Spinal cord	tissue	113.0
Retrosplenial and cingulate cortex	tissue	110.2
Retrosplenial cortex	tissue	106.9
Hypothalamus	tissue	106.4
Entorhinal cortex	tissue	105.8
Septum	tissue	104.9
Periaqueductal gray	tissue	104.4
Temporal cortex	tissue	102.0
Colon	tissue	101.9	high
Ventral forebrain	tissue	99.7
Rectum	tissue	93.5	high
Basal ganglia	tissue	92.7	medium
Insular cortex	tissue	91.5
Heart muscle	tissue	88.9	low
Thyroid gland	tissue	88.9	medium
Corpus callosum	tissue	84.8
Choroid plexus	tissue	83.4
Amygdala	tissue	83.3
Duodenum	tissue	82.1	medium
Olfactory bulb	tissue	78.3
Stomach 1	tissue	74.9	high
Urinary bladder	tissue	72.9	medium
Liver	tissue	70.6	medium
Locus coeruleus	tissue	69.3
Small intestine	tissue	67.8	medium
Nucleus accumbens	tissue	66.1
Hippocampus	tissue	65.8	medium
Salivary gland	tissue	64.8	medium
Prostate	tissue	64.2	medium
Breast	tissue	64.0	medium
Retina	tissue	63.1
Tonsil	tissue	63.1	medium
Adipose tissue	tissue	63.0	low
Epididymis	tissue	62.8	medium
Adrenal gland	tissue	62.3	medium
Seminal vesicle	tissue	61.6	medium
Smooth muscle	tissue	61.2	low
Esophagus	tissue	60.3	medium
Pancreas	tissue	59.5	high

Brain sub-regions (HPA Brain Atlas): detected in 192; highest nTPM — Dorsal hippocampus (123.8), Ventral spinal cord (113.0), Ventral hippocampus (109.7), Subiculum (104.8), Dorsal spinal cord (104.4).

Regulation

Is transcription factor: no

Upstream regulators (CollecTRI, top): ATF4, YY1

miRNA regulators (miRDB)

Targeting NARS1 by miRDB confidence (max_score; target_count = how many genes the miRNA targets in total — lower means more specific).

showing 30 of 42 miRNAs:

miRNA	Max score	Avg score	miRNA target_count
HSA-MIR-3163	100.00	77.23	8605
HSA-MIR-3662	99.99	73.82	5684
HSA-MIR-5696	99.98	72.36	4487
HSA-MIR-551B-5P	99.96	71.28	3493
HSA-MIR-4760-3P	99.93	70.50	2385
HSA-MIR-579-3P	99.86	71.66	3628
HSA-MIR-664B-3P	99.84	71.65	3590
HSA-MIR-8080	99.82	67.52	1342
HSA-MIR-4729	99.69	72.18	4233
HSA-MIR-646	99.68	67.84	1645
HSA-MIR-580-3P	99.67	69.23	1841
HSA-MIR-586	99.65	70.40	2051
HSA-MIR-4524A-5P	99.57	71.73	1193
HSA-MIR-4524B-5P	99.57	71.68	1195
HSA-MIR-892A	99.54	68.16	1141
HSA-MIR-3609	99.52	69.89	2587
HSA-MIR-548AH-5P	99.52	69.73	2626
HSA-MIR-4677-3P	99.49	67.91	1246
HSA-MIR-653-5P	99.46	67.35	1300
HSA-MIR-183-3P	99.41	69.41	1598
HSA-MIR-889-3P	99.40	69.76	2103
HSA-MIR-4786-3P	99.36	68.35	1390
HSA-MIR-6853-3P	99.36	70.79	1558
HSA-MIR-1276	99.36	68.18	1642
HSA-MIR-155-5P	99.35	70.16	1509
HSA-MIR-664A-3P	99.22	71.08	2696
HSA-MIR-4424	98.91	70.33	1145
HSA-MIR-4477A	98.83	69.75	2952
HSA-MIR-34B-3P	98.70	67.40	1171
HSA-MIR-1261	98.62	68.10	896

Functional genomics

gnomAD constraint: pLI 3.27e-12, LOEUF 0.919, missense Z 0.773 — population loss-of-function intolerance (pLI ≥ 0.9 = LoF-intolerant; lower LOEUF = more constrained). gnomAD

Regional missense constraint (gnomAD RMC): no regional variation along ENST00000256854 — one region, missense o/e 0.96. DepMap (CRISPR cell-line fitness): dependent in 99.9% of screened cell lines, common-essential.

Most-dependent cell lines (DepMap gene-effect, lower = stronger; ≤ −0.5 shown): AsPC-1 (-2.807), EFO-21 (-2.785), Calu-6 (-2.684), U-87 MG (-2.677), HCC1937 (-2.658), SK-N-MC (-2.63), MPP 89 (-2.62), PC-3 (-2.617), SK-LMS-1 (-2.615), IMR-32 (-2.57), HLF (-2.564), 8-MG-BA (-2.551), MG-63 (-2.512), EC-GI-10 (-2.498), U-251 MG (-2.491).

Literature-anchored findings (GeneRIF, showing 3)

• Study shows that ERO1L and NARS expression level are up-regulated in primary lung adenocarcinoma and identifies them with a potential to promote tumor metastasis and growth of cancer cells. (PMID:27161446)
• The chemokine activity of UNE-N was significantly reduced by suppressing CCR3 expression with CCR3-targeting siRNA, and the loop3 region of UNE-N was shown to interact mainly with the extracellular domains of CCR3 in nuclear magnetic resonance perturbation experiments. Based on these results, evolutionarily acquired UNE-N elicits chemokine activities that would promote NRS-CCR3-mediated proinflammatory signaling in ILD. (PMID:30171954)
• Loss of NARS1 impairs progenitor proliferation in cortical brain organoids and leads to microcephaly. (PMID:32788587)

Cross-species orthologs

5 orthologs

Organism	Symbol	Gene ID
danio_rerio	nars1	ENSDARG00000061100
mus_musculus	Nars1	ENSMUSG00000024587
rattus_norvegicus	Nars1	ENSRNOG00000017852
drosophila_melanogaster	AsnRS	FBGN0086443
caenorhabditis_elegans	nars-1	WBGENE00003815

Paralogs (4): KARS1 (ENSG00000065427), DARS1 (ENSG00000115866), DARS2 (ENSG00000117593), NARS2 (ENSG00000137513)

Mouse-model phenotypes

Observed phenotypes of the mouse ortholog (MGI:1917473) from MGI (Alliance of Genome Resources) — knockout/mutant phenotypes, ranked by annotation count. 5 distinct phenotype terms.

Mouse phenotype (MP)	Records
failure of embryo implantation	1
failure of blastocyst to hatch from the zona pellucida	1
embryonic lethality, complete penetrance	1
preweaning lethality, complete penetrance	1
embryonic lethality prior to organogenesis, complete penetrance	1

Additional cross-species homologs

Sequence homologs in species beyond Ensembl Compara’s model organisms, by Diamond local protein alignment (% sequence identity; best hit per species). Lower-identity rows are more distant homologs. The matched accessions’ gene symbols aren’t in biobtree yet, so each row shows the UniProt accession.

Organism	UniProt	Identity	Method
Saccharomyces paradoxus	P41908	98.9%	Diamond
Macaca fascicularis	Q4R4Z1	96.9%	Diamond
Bos taurus	Q2KJG3	93.4%	Diamond
Thermoplasma volcanium GSS1	Q979Y4	83.9%	Diamond
Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	P38707	68.9%	Diamond
Debaryomyces hansenii CBS767	Q6BU46	68.9%	Diamond
Brugia malayi	P10723	64.8%	Diamond
Thermus thermophilus HB8	Q5SIC2	63.6%	Diamond
Deinococcus radiodurans R1 = ATCC 13939 = DSM 20539	Q9RVH4	63.6%	Diamond
Vairimorpha ceranae BRL01	C4V847	59.8%	Diamond
Encephalitozoon cuniculi GB-M1	Q8SQK8	59.8%	Diamond
Schizosaccharomyces pombe 972h-	O94567	57.4%	Diamond
Dictyostelium discoideum	Q554D9	56.2%	Diamond
Enterocytozoon bieneusi H348	A9CTP8	53.7%	Diamond
Aeropyrum pernix K1	Q9Y9U7	45.6%	Diamond

Genomic neighbors (locus context)

Genes flanking this one on the chromosome (NCBI/Entrez gene neighborhood). Positional context only — some neighbors share regulatory elements (bidirectional promoters, antisense/overlapping transcripts), but chromosomal adjacency is not itself a functional relationship (see Interactions for that).

Symbol	Type	Entrez
ATP8B1-AS1	ncRNA	100505549
ATP8B1	protein-coding	5205
FECH	protein-coding	2235
ST8SIA3	protein-coding	51046
ONECUT2	protein-coding	9480

Protein

Protein identifiers

Asparagine–tRNA ligase, cytoplasmic — O43776 (reviewed: O43776)

Alternative names: Asparaginyl-tRNA synthetase, Asparaginyl-tRNA synthetase 1

All UniProt accessions (7): K7EIU7, K7EJ19, K7EMQ6, K7ENF0, K7EPK2, K7EQ35, O43776

UniProt curated annotations — full annotation on UniProt →

Function. Catalyzes the attachment of asparagine to tRNA(Asn) in a two-step reaction: asparagine is first activated by ATP to form Asn-AMP and then transferred to the acceptor end of tRNA(Asn). In addition to its essential role in protein synthesis, acts as a signaling molecule that induced migration of CCR3-expressing cells. Has an essential role in the development of the cerebral cortex, being required for proper proliferation of radial glial cells.

Subunit / interactions. Homodimer.

Subcellular location. Cytoplasm.

Disease relevance. Neurodevelopmental disorder with microcephaly, impaired language, and gait abnormalities (NEDMILG) [MIM:619091] An autosomal recessive neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by global developmental delay apparent in infancy, moderate to profound intellectual disability, poor or absent speech and language, delayed walking with variable gait abnormalities, and progressive microcephaly. Additional variable features include hypotonia, early-onset seizures, and a peripheral demyelinating or axonal peripheral sensorimotor neuropathy. The disease is caused by variants affecting the gene represented in this entry. Neurodevelopmental disorder with microcephaly, impaired language, epilepsy, and gait abnormalities (NEDMILEG) [MIM:619092] An autosomal dominant neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by global developmental delay apparent in infancy, delayed walking, ataxia, spasticity, impaired intellectual development with poor or absent speech and language, progressive microcephaly, and early-onset seizures in most patients. Facial dysmorphism and a demyelinating peripheral neuropathy may also be observed. The disease is caused by variants affecting the gene represented in this entry.

Domain organisation. The N-terminal domain (1-77) recruits and activates specific immune cells by interacting with CCR3-expressing cells.

Miscellaneous. Autoantibodies to NARS1, are often detected in sera from patients with interstitial lung disease (ILD).

Similarity. Belongs to the class-II aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase family.

Isoforms (2)

UniProt ID	Names	Canonical?
O43776-1	1	yes
O43776-2	2

RefSeq proteins (1): NP_004530* (*=MANE)

Domains & families (InterPro)

ID	Name	Type
IPR002312	Asp/Asn-tRNA-synth_IIb	Family
IPR004364	Aa-tRNA-synt_II	Domain
IPR004365	NA-bd_OB_tRNA	Domain
IPR004522	Asn-tRNA-ligase	Family
IPR006195	aa-tRNA-synth_II	Domain
IPR012340	NA-bd_OB-fold	Homologous_superfamily
IPR045864	aa-tRNA-synth_II/BPL/LPL	Homologous_superfamily
IPR048952	AsnRS_N	Domain

Pfam: PF00152, PF01336, PF20917

Enzyme classification (BRENDA)

• EC 6.1.1.22 — asparagine-tRNA ligase (BRENDA: 20 organisms, 26 substrates, 46 inhibitors, 36 Km, 27 kcat entries)

Substrate kinetics (BRENDA)

7 substrates with measured Km, best-characterized 7. Km ranges are aggregated across organisms/conditions.

Substrate	Km (mM)	Measurements
ASN	0.015–0.77	17
ATP	0.0306–7	11
TRNAASN	0.0001–0.002	3
3-CYANOALANINE	5.8	1
ASPARTATE-3-HYDROXAMATE	0.78	1
ISOASPARAGINE	0.26	1
L-ASPARAGINE	0.04	1

Catalyzed reactions (Rhea)

• tRNA(Asn) + L-asparagine + ATP = L-asparaginyl-tRNA(Asn) + AMP + diphosphate + H(+) (RHEA:11180)

UniProt features (78 total): helix 26, strand 23, sequence variant 13, turn 4, modified residue 4, region of interest 2, splice variant 2, compositionally biased region 2, chain 1, sequence conflict 1

Structure

Experimental structures (PDB)

6 structures by resolution:

PDB	Title	Method	Resolution (Å)
4ZYA	The N-terminal extension domain of human asparaginyl-tRNA synthetase	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	1.65
8TC7	Human asparaginyl-tRNA synthetase, apo form	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	1.9
8TC8	Human asparaginyl-tRNA synthetase bound to adenosine 5’-sulfamate	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	1.9
8TC9	Human asparaginyl-tRNA synthetase bound to OSM-S-106	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	2
8H53	Human asparaginyl-tRNA synthetase in complex with asparagine-AMP	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	2.16
5XIX	The canonical domain of human asparaginyl-tRNA synthetase	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	2.25

Predicted structure (AlphaFold)

Model	pLDDT	Fraction very-high
AF-O43776-F1	93.96	0.81

Human Protein Atlas

Protein class: Enzymes, ENZYME proteins, Ligase, Metabolic proteins, Predicted intracellular proteins, Plasma proteins, Disease related genes, Potential drug targets, Human disease related genes, Congenital malformations, Congenital malformations of the nervous system, Essential proteins

Protein evidence: Evidence at protein level

Subcellular location (HPA, imaging): cytosol

Antibody reliability (HPA): IH enhanced · IF supported

Functional residue map

Curated UniProt residues grouped by drug-discovery relevance — catalytic, ligand-binding, modification, and mutation-validated positions. Source: UniProtKB sequence features.

Post-translational modifications (4)

Type	Positions
Phosphoserine	61, 482
N6-acetyllysine	244, 490

Function

Pathways and Gene Ontology

Reactome pathways

1 curated (TAS) of 4; 0 disease pathways. Curated-first; evidence = TAS (manually curated) vs IEA (electronic inference).

4 pathways:

ID	Pathway	Evidence
R-HSA-379716	Cytosolic tRNA aminoacylation	curated
R-HSA-392499	Metabolism of proteins	—
R-HSA-72766	Translation	—
R-HSA-379724	tRNA Aminoacylation	—

MSigDB gene sets: 279 (showing top): GOBP_AMINO_ACID_ACTIVATION, TSENG_IRS1_TARGETS_UP, STARK_PREFRONTAL_CORTEX_22Q11_DELETION_DN, GOBP_TRNA_METABOLIC_PROCESS, MORF_HDAC1, GOBP_FOREBRAIN_DEVELOPMENT, GOBP_TRANSLATION, RUTELLA_RESPONSE_TO_CSF2RB_AND_IL4_UP, GOBP_CEREBRAL_CORTEX_DEVELOPMENT, MORF_CTBP1, GOBP_PALLIUM_DEVELOPMENT, GOBP_HEAD_DEVELOPMENT, BROWN_MYELOID_CELL_DEVELOPMENT_DN, MODULE_110, KEGG_AMINOACYL_TRNA_BIOSYNTHESIS

GO Biological Process (5): tRNA aminoacylation for protein translation (GO:0006418), asparaginyl-tRNA aminoacylation (GO:0006421), cell migration (GO:0016477), cerebral cortex development (GO:0021987), translation (GO:0006412)

GO Molecular Function (9): nucleic acid binding (GO:0003676), asparagine-tRNA ligase activity (GO:0004816), ATP binding (GO:0005524), CCR3 chemokine receptor binding (GO:0031728), protein dimerization activity (GO:0046983), nucleotide binding (GO:0000166), aminoacyl-tRNA ligase activity (GO:0004812), protein binding (GO:0005515), ligase activity (GO:0016874)

GO Cellular Component (3): cytoplasm (GO:0005737), cytosol (GO:0005829), extracellular exosome (GO:0070062)

Reactome top-level categories

3 top-level categories:

Category	Pathways
tRNA Aminoacylation	1
Translation	1
Metabolism of proteins	1

GO top-level categories

29 GO namespaces:

Category	Terms
binding	2
cellular anatomical structure	2
translation	1
tRNA aminoacylation	1
tRNA aminoacylation for protein translation	1
cell motility	1
pallium development	1
animal gross anatomical part developmental process	1
peptidyltransferase activity	1
translational initiation	1
translational elongation	1
translational termination	1
macromolecule biosynthetic process	1
protein metabolic process	1
protein biosynthetic process	1
aminoacyl-tRNA ligase activity	1
adenyl ribonucleotide binding	1
purine ribonucleoside triphosphate binding	1
anion binding	1
CCR chemokine receptor binding	1
protein binding	1
nucleoside phosphate binding	1
heterocyclic compound binding	1
ligase activity, forming carbon-oxygen bonds	1
catalytic activity, acting on a tRNA	1
catalytic activity	1
intracellular anatomical structure	1
cytoplasm	1
extracellular vesicle	1

Experimentally-supported GO annotations

GO terms backed by direct experimental evidence (ECO experimental codes) — 8 of 17 annotations. The rest are phylogenetic / computational / electronic (IEA).

8 experimentally-supported GO terms:

GO term	NS	Evidence
asparaginyl-tRNA aminoacylation	BP	direct assay
cell migration	BP	direct assay
cerebral cortex development	BP	mutant phenotype
cytosol	CC	direct assay
extracellular exosome	CC	high-throughput assay
CCR3 chemokine receptor binding	MF	direct assay
asparagine-tRNA ligase activity	MF	mutant phenotype
protein dimerization activity	MF	direct assay

Protein interactions and networks

STRING

showing 15 of 1,686 interactions by confidence (×1000):

Protein A	Protein B	Partner UniProt	Score
NARS1	ASNS	P08184	904
NARS1	YARS1	P54577	835
NARS1	CNDP2	Q96KP4	834
NARS1	QARS1	P47897	823
NARS1	IARS1	P41252	815
NARS1	IARS2	Q9NSE4	812
NARS1	HARS1	P12081	798
NARS1	AARS1	P49588	795
NARS1	YARS2	Q9Y2Z4	791
NARS1	MARS1	P56192	788
NARS1	EPRS1	P07814	786
NARS1	TARS1	P26639	783
NARS1	PARS2	Q7L3T8	783
NARS1	KARS1	Q15046	780
NARS1	WARS1	P23381	778

IntAct

Human interaction partners of NARS1 in IntAct, one row per partner (best MIscore; records = supporting IntAct interaction records).

15 partners by confidence:

Partner	Interaction type	MIscore	Records
ATXN1	physical association	0.670	4
DUSP19	association	0.530	2
HSD3B2	association	0.530	2
LILRA3	association	0.530	2
PRXL2B	association	0.530	2
CPPED1	physical association	0.400	1
HSPB2	physical association	0.370	1
TRMT11	association	0.350	2
AMTN	association	0.350	1
BAD	association	0.350	1
CABCOCO1	association	0.350	1
NCAPG2	association	0.350	1
DSCR9	physical association	0.000	1
IKBKE	physical association	0.000	1
LSM1	physical association	0.000	1

SIGNOR signaling

7 signaling interactions:

A	Effect	B	Mechanism
ATF4	“up-regulates quantity by expression”	NARS1	“transcriptional regulation”
NARS1	“down-regulates quantity”	tRNA(Asn)	“chemical modification”
NARS1	“down-regulates quantity”	asparagine	“chemical modification”
NARS1	“down-regulates quantity”	ATP(4-)	“chemical modification”
NARS1	“up-regulates quantity”	Asn-tRNA(Asn)	“chemical modification”
NARS1	“up-regulates quantity”	diphosphate(3-)	“chemical modification”
NARS1	“up-regulates quantity”	AMP	“chemical modification”

Disease & clinical

Genetic variants

Variant evidence for NARS1: 249 ClinVar records (20 pathogenic / likely pathogenic). Per-variant detail is on Sugi Variant.

ClinVar

249 variants total. Per-class counts are floors (≥ shown; pagination cap):

Classification	Count (floor)
Pathogenic	4
Likely pathogenic	16
Uncertain significance	174
Likely benign	25
Benign	2

Top pathogenic / likely-pathogenic (15)

Showing the 15 best-reviewed of 20 pathogenic / likely-pathogenic ClinVar records, ranked by ClinVar review status (expert panel → multiple submitters → single submitter), then by number of submitting labs.

Variant ID	HGVS	Classification	Review	Submitters
4075439	NM_004539.4(NARS1):c.1315C>T (p.Arg439Ter)	Likely pathogenic	criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts	2
4854037	NM_004539.4(NARS1):c.268C>T (p.Arg90Ter)	Pathogenic	criteria provided, single submitter	1
986308	NM_004539.4(NARS1):c.50C>T (p.Thr17Met)	Likely pathogenic	criteria provided, single submitter	2
1077114	NM_004539.4(NARS1):c.965G>T (p.Arg322Leu)	Likely pathogenic	criteria provided, single submitter	1
1526421	NM_004539.4(NARS1):c.676G>C (p.Val226Leu)	Likely pathogenic	criteria provided, single submitter	1
1526422	NM_004539.4(NARS1):c.986G>A (p.Arg329Gln)	Likely pathogenic	criteria provided, single submitter	1
1700234	NM_004539.4(NARS1):c.713G>A (p.Arg238Gln)	Likely pathogenic	criteria provided, single submitter	1
1700235	NM_004539.4(NARS1):c.179A>C (p.Lys60Thr)	Likely pathogenic	criteria provided, single submitter	1
1879400	NM_004539.4(NARS1):c.421+1G>A	Likely pathogenic	criteria provided, single submitter	1
4538542	NM_004539.4(NARS1):c.1460C>T (p.Ala487Val)	Likely pathogenic	criteria provided, single submitter	1
4687947	NM_004539.4(NARS1):c.1208A>T (p.His403Leu)	Likely pathogenic	criteria provided, single submitter	1
4759249	NM_004539.4(NARS1):c.901C>T (p.Gln301Ter)	Likely pathogenic	criteria provided, single submitter	1
4814143	NM_004539.4(NARS1):c.376C>T (p.Gln126Ter)	Likely pathogenic	criteria provided, single submitter	1
4845747	NM_004539.4(NARS1):c.277_278del (p.Lys93fs)	Likely pathogenic	criteria provided, single submitter	1
4850352	NM_004539.4(NARS1):c.802-2A>G	Likely pathogenic	criteria provided, single submitter	1

Per-variant reference — Sugi Variant

Explore NARS1’s pathogenic and likely-pathogenic variants individually — each with its ClinVar classification and conditions, applied ACMG criteria (ClinGen expert panel, where curated), the calibrated in-silico predictors (AlphaMissense, REVEL, SaProt, conservation), gnomAD frequency, and the predictor-disagreement QC signal — on Sugi Variant.

SpliceAI

Top 10 splice-impact sites by Δscore (adjacent positions with the same effect merged into one range; 29 predictions of 972):

Position(s)	Effect	Δscore	Sites
18:57602353–57602354	donor_loss	1.0000	5
18:57602396	donor_gain	1.0000
18:57602487–57602488	acceptor_loss	1.0000	5
18:57602493	acceptor_gain	1.0000
18:57602499	acceptor_gain	1.0000
18:57602806	donor_gain	1.0000
18:57602944–57602945	acceptor_loss	1.0000	4
18:57605855–57605856	donor_loss	1.0000	4
18:57605971–57605972	acceptor_loss	1.0000	6
18:57605975	acceptor_gain	1.0000

AlphaMissense

1,663 missense substitutions predicted likely pathogenic (of 3,589 scored), across 399 residues. Top 20 hotspot residues, ranked by the number of likely-pathogenic substitutions (of those reachable by a single-nucleotide change), then by mean score:

Residue	Likely-pathogenic substitutions	Mean am_pathogenicity	Max am_pathogenicity
M449	9	0.975	0.996
D463	8	0.998	0.999
H331	8	0.997	1.000
D418	8	0.991	0.998
H337	8	0.990	0.996
F146	8	0.988	0.999
F285	8	0.982	0.997
F447	8	0.982	0.999
H513	8	0.982	0.996
F440	8	0.979	0.999
H532	8	0.970	0.987
F388	8	0.950	0.995
D151	8	0.944	0.983
D15	8	0.920	0.985
D429	8	0.915	0.988
H234	8	0.895	0.972
H135	8	0.823	0.951
D504	8	0.816	0.943
E471	7	0.998	0.999
E339	7	0.992	0.997

HPA cancer prognostics

RNA cancer specificity: Low cancer specificity

Human Protein Atlas survival analysis — favorable = higher expression predicts better survival.

2 prognostic cancer types:

Cancer	Prognostic	p-value
Liver Hepatocellular Carcinoma (TCGA)	unfavorable	9.02e-07
Kidney Renal Clear Cell Carcinoma (TCGA)	favorable	1.25e-05

Disease associations

OMIM: gene MIM:108410 | disease phenotypes: MIM:619092, MIM:619091, MIM:619003

GenCC curated gene-disease

3 curated gene-disease records:

Disease	Classification	Inheritance	Records
complex neurodevelopmental disorder	Definitive	Autosomal recessive	2
neurodevelopmental disorder with microcephaly, impaired language, and gait abnormalities	Strong	Autosomal recessive	4
neurodevelopmental disorder with microcephaly, impaired language, epilepsy, and gait abnormalities	Strong	Autosomal dominant	4

ClinGen Gene-Disease Validity

Expert-panel classifications — Definitive > Strong > Moderate > Limited > Disputed > Refuted.

2 validity classifications:

Disease	Classification	Inheritance
neurodevelopmental disorder with microcephaly, impaired language, epilepsy, and gait abnormalities	Moderate	AD
neurodevelopmental disorder with microcephaly, impaired language, and gait abnormalities	Moderate	AR

Genomics England panels (PanelApp)

Clinical diagnostic gene panels including this gene (9 panels, 9 green/diagnostic-grade). Confidence: green = diagnostic, amber = moderate.

9 panels:

Panel	Rating
DDG2P	green
Early onset or syndromic epilepsy	green
Hereditary neuropathy or pain disorder	green
Hypotonic infant	green
Intellectual disability	green
Leukodystrophy, childhood onset	green
Paediatric disorders	green
Severe microcephaly	green
Unexplained death in infancy and sudden unexplained death in childhood	green

Mondo (5): neurodevelopmental disorder with microcephaly, impaired language, epilepsy, and gait abnormalities (MONDO:0030837), neurodevelopmental disorder with microcephaly, impaired language, and gait abnormalities (MONDO:0100348), mitochondrial complex 1 deficiency, nuclear type 35 (MONDO:0033560), neurodevelopmental disorder (MONDO:0700092), complex neurodevelopmental disorder (MONDO:0100038)

HPO phenotypes

48 phenotypes (HPO-id order):

HPO	Term
HP:0000006	Autosomal dominant inheritance
HP:0000007	Autosomal recessive inheritance
HP:0000252	Microcephaly
HP:0000278	Retrognathia
HP:0000316	Hypertelorism
HP:0000337	Broad forehead
HP:0000369	Low-set ears
HP:0000396	Overfolded helix
HP:0000582	Upslanted palpebral fissure
HP:0000601	Hypotelorism
HP:0000687	Widely spaced teeth
HP:0000733	Motor stereotypy
HP:0000750	Delayed speech and language development
HP:0000767	Pectus excavatum
HP:0001159	Syndactyly
HP:0001166	Arachnodactyly
HP:0001249	Intellectual disability
HP:0001251	Ataxia
HP:0001263	Global developmental delay
HP:0001265	Hyporeflexia
HP:0001276	Hypertonia
HP:0001290	Generalized hypotonia
HP:0001302	Pachygyria
HP:0001336	Myoclonus
HP:0001337	Tremor
HP:0001347	Hyperreflexia
HP:0001371	Flexion contracture
HP:0001761	Pes cavus
HP:0002066	Gait ataxia
HP:0002079	Hypoplasia of the corpus callosum
HP:0002188	Delayed CNS myelination
HP:0002265	Large fleshy ears
HP:0002650	Scoliosis
HP:0002942	Thoracic kyphosis
HP:0003577	Congenital onset
HP:0003593	Infantile onset
HP:0007359	Focal-onset seizure
HP:0009830	Peripheral neuropathy
HP:0010830	Impaired tactile sensation
HP:0012430	Cerebral white matter hypoplasia
HP:0012444	Brain atrophy
HP:0012766	Widened cerebral subarachnoid space
HP:0025190	Bilateral tonic-clonic seizure with generalized onset
HP:0025336	Delayed ability to sit
HP:0030084	Clinodactyly
HP:0031936	Delayed ability to walk
HP:0032794	Myoclonic seizure
HP:0100702	Arachnoid cyst

MeSH disease descriptors

1 disease descriptors:

Descriptor	Name	Tree numbers
D065886	Neurodevelopmental Disorders	F03.625

Drugs & pharmacology

Drug and pharmacology data

Is drug target: yes

ChEMBL targets (1): CHEMBL6067032 (SINGLE PROTEIN)

PharmGKB: 1 entry (CPIC guideline: no)

Binding affinities (BindingDB)

1 measured of 1 human assays (2 total across all organisms); most potent 1 below. Values come from heterogeneous assays and are not directly comparable.

Ligand	Measure	Value
CHEMBL5653589	KD	1440 nM

ChEMBL bioactivities

4 potent at pChembl≥5 of 4 total, top 4 by pChembl (potency: 10 = 0.1 nM, 6 = 1 µM).

pChembl	Type	Value	Unit	Molecule
7.55	Kd	28.36	nM	CHEMBL3752910
7.55	ED50	28.36	nM	CHEMBL3752910
5.25	Kd	5574	nM	CHEMBL5653589
5.25	ED50	5574	nM	CHEMBL5653589

PubChem BioAssay actives

2 with measured affinity, of 4 total; 2 most potent distinct compounds. Largely complementary to BindingDB; screening values are coarse (µM, 4 dp), so sub-nM hits tie at the floor.

Compound	Assay	Type	Value	Unit
4-methyl-3-[(1-methyl-6-pyridin-3-ylpyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidin-4-yl)amino]-N-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]benzamide	2148824: Binding affinity to human NARS incubated for 45 mins by Kinobead based pull down assay	kd	0.0284	uM
4-methyl-3-[(2-methyl-6-pyridin-3-ylpyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidin-4-yl)amino]-N-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]benzamide	2148824: Binding affinity to human NARS incubated for 45 mins by Kinobead based pull down assay	kd	5.5735	uM

CTD chemical–gene interactions

71 total (human), top 30 by PubMed support.

Chemical	Actions (top 5)	PubMed papers
bisphenol A	increases expression, affects expression	2
sodium arsenite	affects cotreatment, increases abundance, increases expression	2
perfluorooctane sulfonic acid	increases expression	2
chloropicrin	affects expression, increases expression	2
Air Pollutants	increases abundance, increases expression, decreases expression, affects cotreatment	2
Hydrogen Peroxide	affects expression	2
FR900359	increases phosphorylation	1
dicrotophos	decreases expression	1
beauvericin	affects cotreatment, increases expression	1
chloroacetaldehyde	decreases expression	1
alpha-pinene	increases expression, increases abundance, affects cotreatment	1
uranyl acetate	affects expression	1
pyrogallol 1,3-dimethyl ether	affects cotreatment, affects localization, decreases expression	1
arsenite	affects binding, decreases reaction	1
afimoxifene	decreases expression	1
cobaltous chloride	decreases expression	1
manganese chloride	affects cotreatment, increases abundance, increases expression	1
methacrylaldehyde	affects cotreatment, increases expression, increases abundance	1
2,3,5-(triglutathion-S-yl)hydroquinone	increases ADP-ribosylation	1
CD 437	decreases expression	1
enniatins	affects cotreatment, increases expression	1
4-(5-benzo(1,3)dioxol-5-yl-4-pyridin-2-yl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)benzamide	affects cotreatment, decreases expression	1
3-(4’-hydroxy-3’-adamantylbiphenyl-4-yl)acrylic acid	decreases expression	1
nutlin 3	affects cotreatment, increases expression, increases secretion	1
ICG 001	increases expression	1
bisphenol B	increases expression	1
2-amino-14,16-dimethyloctadecan-3-ol	decreases expression	1
LDN 193189	affects cotreatment, decreases expression	1
bisphenol AF	increases expression	1
4-(4-((5-(4,5-dimethyl-2-nitrophenyl)-2-furanyl)methylene)-4,5-dihydro-3-methyl-5-oxo-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)benzoic acid	increases expression	1

ChEMBL screening assays

1 unique, capped per target: 1 binding

Representative assays (with source publication via chembl_document):

Assay ID	Type	Description	Source paper
CHEMBL5651866	Binding	Binding affinity to human NARS incubated for 45 mins by Kinobead based pull down assay	NVP-BHG712: Effects of Regioisomers on the Affinity and Selectivity toward the EPHrin Family. — *ChemMedChem*

Clinical trials (associated diseases)

Via MONDO — disease-level, not drug-specific.

showing 60 of 212 trials:

NCT	Phase	Status	Title
NCT04586348	Phase 4	UNKNOWN	Prenatal Iodine Supplementation and Early Childhood Neurodevelopment
NCT04873115	Phase 4	UNKNOWN	Double-blind, Placebo-controlled, Randomized Clinical Trial Comparing the Efficacy and Safety of Sialanar Plus orAl rehabiLitation Against Placebo Plus Oral Rehabilitation for chIldren and Adolescents With seVere Sialorrhoea and Neurodisabilties,
NCT02559102	Phase 3	COMPLETED	Dexmedetomidine Sedation Versus General Anaesthesia for Inguinal Hernia Surgery in Infants
NCT02757079	Phase 3	COMPLETED	Study of the Efficacy and Safety of NPC-15 for Sleep Disorders of Children With Neurodevelopmental Disorders
NCT06915480	Phase 3	RECRUITING	Reducing Missed Appointments
NCT07377032	Phase 3	RECRUITING	TAP-GRIN: Interventional Study on Patients With GRIN-related Neurodevelopmental Disorders
NCT02909959	Phase 2	COMPLETED	Sulforaphane for the Treatment of Young Men With Autism Spectrum Disorder
NCT06081348	Phase 2	RECRUITING	Sertraline vs. Placebo in the Treatment of Anxiety in Children and AdoLescents With NeurodevelopMental Disorders
NCT06352372	Phase 2	COMPLETED	Safety and Efficacy of tPBM for Epileptiform Activity in Autism
NCT00503191	Phase 1	COMPLETED	NeuroModulation Technique Treatment of Autism
NCT04475848	Phase 1	COMPLETED	A Study to Investigate the Safety, Tolerability, Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics and Food Effect of RO6953958 in Healthy Participants
NCT06300398	Phase 1	COMPLETED	IAMA-6 Oral Dose Study in Healthy Adults
NCT06310681	Not specified	COMPLETED	Pilot Testing of a Co-adapted Group Programme for Parents/Carers of Children With Complex Neurodisability
NCT07303049	Not specified	NOT_YET_RECRUITING	Cognitive Benefit of Intensive Rehabilitation Using Rhythmic Music Training in Children With Complex Neurodevelopmental Disorder
NCT01783041	Phase 2/3	COMPLETED	Effect of Early L-Carnitine Supplementation on Neurodevelopmental Outcomes in Very Preterm Infants
NCT05767385	Phase 2/3	COMPLETED	Fetal Cerebrovascular Autoregulation in Congenital Heart Disease and Association With Neonatal Neurobehavior
NCT05675098	Early Phase 1	NOT_YET_RECRUITING	Central Nervous System Stimulants and Physical Function in Children With Cerebral Palsy
NCT00783783	Not specified	COMPLETED	CYP2D6 Pharmacogenetics in Risperidone-Treated Children
NCT01778504	Not specified	RECRUITING	Studying Childhood-onset Behavioral, Psychiatric, and Developmental Disorders
NCT01850784	Not specified	UNKNOWN	High Energy Formula Feeding in Infants With Congenital Heart Disease
NCT01922791	Not specified	COMPLETED	Nutrition and Pregnancy Intervention Study
NCT01942525	Not specified	UNKNOWN	Influence of Intrauterine Growth Restriction on Amplitude-integrated EEG in Preterm Infants
NCT02003170	Not specified	COMPLETED	Etiology and Early Diagnosis of Neurodevelopmental Disorders
NCT02118649	Not specified	COMPLETED	Enhancing Behavior and Brain Response to Visual Targets Using a Computer Game
NCT02557191	Not specified	TERMINATED	Biomarkers, Neurodevelopment and Preterm Infants
NCT02690675	Not specified	COMPLETED	Iron Supplement Effect on Child Development
NCT02694003	Not specified	COMPLETED	Better Nights, Better Days for Children With Neurodevelopment Disorders
NCT02792894	Not specified	COMPLETED	Family Networks (FaNs) for Children With Developmental Disorders and Delays
NCT02871674	Not specified	UNKNOWN	Good Night Project: Behavioural Sleep Interventions for Children With ADHD: A Randomised Controlled Trial
NCT02887157	Not specified	COMPLETED	Analyzing Retinal Microanatomy in ROP
NCT02898298	Not specified	COMPLETED	Positive Emotion Regulation Training in Children, Adolescents and Young Adults With and Without Developmental Disorder
NCT02912780	Not specified	UNKNOWN	Introduction of Microsystems in a Level 3 Neonatal Intensive Care Unit
NCT03023293	Not specified	COMPLETED	n-3 PUFAs, Irisin and Maternal Glucose Metabolism From Pregnancy to Postpartum
NCT03023644	Not specified	COMPLETED	Improving Neurodevelopmental Outcomes in Children With Congenital Heart Disease: An Intervention Study
NCT03032991	Not specified	UNKNOWN	Early Biomarkers of Neurodevelopment in Offspring of Diabetic Mothers
NCT03088189	Not specified	TERMINATED	Effect of Parental Peri-conceptional Vitamin B12 Supplementation on Infant Neurocognitive Development in Offspring
NCT03096028	Not specified	COMPLETED	Developmental Origins of Mental Health Disorders
NCT03148782	Not specified	COMPLETED	Brain Plasticity Underlying Acquisition of New Organizational Skills in Children-R61 Phase
NCT03172104	Not specified	COMPLETED	Neurobehavioural Development of Infants Born <30 Weeks Gestational Age Between Birth and Five Years of Age
NCT03222375	Not specified	RECRUITING	SQUED™ Series 28.1 Home-use and Treatment of Autowave Reverberator of Autism
NCT03229928	Not specified	COMPLETED	Clinical Testing of a Real-Time Behavior Measurement Tool: Measuring Outcomes for CHAnge
NCT03232489	Not specified	UNKNOWN	Study for the Evaluation of the Feasibility of Applying Advanced MRI Scanning in Pediatric Clinical Practice
NCT03381027	Not specified	COMPLETED	BABY SMART (Study of Massage Therapy, Sleep And neurodevelopMenT)
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NCT03410810	Not specified	UNKNOWN	Childhood Outcomes of Preterm Brain Abnormalities
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Predicted chemistry — Sugi Predict

The predicted patent-compound landscape for NARS1 across ~30M SureChEMBL compounds — explore on Sugi Predict.