NAT1

Summary

NAT1 (N-acetyltransferase 1, HGNC:7645) is a protein-coding gene on chromosome 8p22, encoding Arylamine N-acetyltransferase 1 (P18440). Participates in the detoxification of a plethora of hydrazine and arylamine drugs.

This gene is one of two arylamine N-acetyltransferase (NAT) genes in the human genome, and is orthologous to the mouse and rat Nat2 genes. The enzyme encoded by this gene catalyzes the transfer of an acetyl group from acetyl-CoA to various arylamine and hydrazine substrates. This enzyme helps metabolize drugs and other xenobiotics, and functions in folate catabolism. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene.

Source: NCBI Gene 9 — RefSeq curated summary.

At a glance

• Clinical variants (ClinVar): 58 total
• GTEx eGene: eQTL in 10 tissues, sQTL in 3 (q < 0.05)
• Constraint (gnomAD): pLI 0.15 (intermediate), LOEUF 1.91 (unconstrained)
• MANE Select transcript: NM_000662
• Notable: 58 clinical variants but no curated precision-oncology (CIViC) evidence yet

Identifiers

Gene identifiers

Field	Value
HGNC ID	HGNC:7645
Approved symbol	NAT1
Name	N-acetyltransferase 1
Location	8p22
Locus type	gene with protein product
Status	Approved
Ensembl gene	ENSG00000171428
Ensembl biotype	protein_coding
OMIM	108345
Entrez	9

Gene structure

Transcript identifiers

Ensembl transcripts: 22 — 19 protein_coding, 3 protein_coding_CDS_not_defined

MANE Select: ENST00000307719

Transcript support level (Ensembl TSL; 1 = fully mRNA-supported): TSL 1: 3, TSL 2: 2, TSL 3: 1, TSL 5: 1

ENST00000307719, ENST00000517441, ENST00000517492, ENST00000517574, ENST00000518029, ENST00000519006, ENST00000520546, ENST00000545197, ENST00000903000, ENST00000903001, ENST00000903002, ENST00000903003, ENST00000903004, ENST00000903005, ENST00000903006, ENST00000903007, ENST00000903008, ENST00000903009, ENST00000938747, ENST00000938748, ENST00000938749, ENST00001136598

RefSeq mRNA: 10 — MANE Select: NM_000662 NM_000662, NM_001160170, NM_001160171, NM_001160172, NM_001160173, NM_001160174, NM_001160175, NM_001160176, NM_001160179, NM_001291962

CCDS: CCDS55205, CCDS6007

Canonical transcript exons

ENST00000307719 — 3 exons

Exon	Start	End
ENSE00001308408	18222042	18223689
ENSE00002276990	18210109	18210180
ENSE00003642832	18219411	18219489

Expression profiles

Bgee: expression breadth ubiquitous, 242 present calls, max score 98.26.

FANTOM5 (CAGE): breadth ubiquitous, TPM avg 1.8699 / max 51.3915, expressed in 971 samples.

Highest expression (Bgee): bronchial epithelial cell, epithelium of bronchus, bronchus, ileal mucosa, colonic mucosa.

Genetic regulation across tissues (GTEx eQTL / sQTL)

NAT1 is an eGene in GTEx v10 — its expression is genetically regulated (eQTL) in 10 tissues and its splicing (sQTL) in 3 (q < 0.05). Strongest associations first; slope = normalized effect of the lead variant’s alternative allele.

13 significant tissue × QTL associations:

Tissue	QTL	q-value	Slope	Lead variant
Liver	sqtl	2.1e-10	-0.92	8:18195466:A:AAT
Brain Cerebellum	eqtl	5.9e-09	+0.60	8:18492419:G:A
Brain Cerebellar Hemisphere	eqtl	8.4e-09	+0.58	8:18499009:G:C
Colon Transverse	eqtl	1.1e-03	+0.10	8:18323560:A:G
Lung	eqtl	6.8e-03	+0.09	8:18305456:G:A
Esophagus Mucosa	eqtl	8.1e-03	+0.42	8:17598459:G:C
Testis	sqtl	1.7e-02	+0.43	8:18217303:G:GTTAAT
Brain Hypothalamus	eqtl	1.8e-02	-2.00	8:17277423:G:A
Thyroid	eqtl	2.1e-02	+0.59	8:18216492:T:C
Skin Not Sun Exposed Suprapubic	eqtl	2.4e-02	+0.16	8:18344309:A:G
Cells Cultured fibroblasts	eqtl	2.4e-02	-0.32	8:18197801:A:G
Whole Blood	sqtl	2.4e-02	+0.58	8:18009909:T:C
Brain Frontal Cortex BA9	eqtl	3.9e-02	+0.62	8:17341739:A:C

FANTOM5 promoters

4 alternative TSS:

Promoter ID	TPM avg	Samples expressed
87568	2.3685	1282
87569	1.8070	960
87566	0.0524	17
87567	0.0104	6

Top tissues by expression

showing 100 of 291 tissues by Bgee expression score (0-100, higher = more expressed):

Tissue	Anatomy ID	Expression score	Quality
bronchial epithelial cell	CL:0002328	98.26	gold quality
epithelium of bronchus	UBERON:0002031	96.66	gold quality
bronchus	UBERON:0002185	95.60	gold quality
ileal mucosa	UBERON:0000331	94.44	gold quality
colonic mucosa	UBERON:0000317	94.16	gold quality
mucosa of sigmoid colon	UBERON:0004993	93.72	gold quality
epithelium of nasopharynx	UBERON:0001951	93.17	gold quality
nasopharynx	UBERON:0001728	93.15	gold quality
nasal cavity epithelium	UBERON:0005384	91.63	gold quality
olfactory segment of nasal mucosa	UBERON:0005386	91.40	gold quality
jejunal mucosa	UBERON:0000399	90.81	gold quality
mucosa of paranasal sinus	UBERON:0005030	89.77	gold quality
mucosa of transverse colon	UBERON:0004991	89.67	gold quality
palpebral conjunctiva	UBERON:0001812	88.90	gold quality
nasal cavity mucosa	UBERON:0001826	88.28	gold quality
corpus epididymis	UBERON:0004359	88.02	gold quality
endometrium epithelium	UBERON:0004811	87.38	gold quality
primordial germ cell in gonad	CL:0000670 ∩ UBERON:0000991	87.07	gold quality
rectum	UBERON:0001052	86.05	gold quality
pancreatic ductal cell	CL:0002079	85.12	gold quality
nephron tubule	UBERON:0001231	84.43	gold quality
esophagus squamous epithelium	UBERON:0006920	84.17	gold quality
duodenum	UBERON:0002114	84.04	gold quality
right lobe of liver	UBERON:0001114	82.70	gold quality
germinal epithelium of ovary	UBERON:0001304	82.46	gold quality
amniotic fluid	UBERON:0000173	82.26	gold quality
liver	UBERON:0002107	81.15	gold quality
caput epididymis	UBERON:0004358	81.03	gold quality
renal glomerulus	UBERON:0000074	80.49	gold quality
kidney epithelium	UBERON:0004819	79.87	gold quality
oral cavity	UBERON:0000167	79.77	gold quality
gingival epithelium	UBERON:0001949	79.52	gold quality
metanephric glomerulus	UBERON:0004736	79.51	gold quality
epithelium of esophagus	UBERON:0001976	79.33	gold quality
transverse colon	UBERON:0001157	79.22	gold quality
monocyte	CL:0000576	78.93	gold quality
visceral pleura	UBERON:0002401	78.85	gold quality
pleura	UBERON:0000977	78.81	gold quality
leukocyte	CL:0000738	78.76	gold quality
mononuclear cell	CL:0000842	78.70	gold quality
parietal pleura	UBERON:0002400	78.63	gold quality
gingiva	UBERON:0001828	78.51	gold quality
islet of Langerhans	UBERON:0000006	77.91	gold quality
vermiform appendix	UBERON:0001154	77.64	gold quality
squamous epithelium	UBERON:0006914	76.90	gold quality
bone marrow	UBERON:0002371	76.79	gold quality
large intestine	UBERON:0000059	76.22	gold quality
intestine	UBERON:0000160	75.97	gold quality
cortex of kidney	UBERON:0001225	75.87	gold quality
metanephros	UBERON:0000081	75.72	gold quality
granulocyte	CL:0000094	75.60	gold quality
colon	UBERON:0001155	75.60	gold quality
endometrium	UBERON:0001295	75.19	gold quality
small intestine Peyer’s patch	UBERON:0003454	75.18	gold quality
small intestine	UBERON:0002108	75.01	gold quality
thoracic mammary gland	UBERON:0005200	74.93	gold quality
epithelial cell of pancreas	CL:0000083	74.75	gold quality
mammary duct	UBERON:0001765	74.73	gold quality
mammary gland	UBERON:0001911	74.67	gold quality
epithelium of mammary gland	UBERON:0003244	74.67	gold quality
gall bladder	UBERON:0002110	74.61	gold quality
stromal cell of endometrium	CL:0002255	74.56	gold quality
trabecular bone tissue	UBERON:0002483	74.38	gold quality
caecum	UBERON:0001153	74.35	gold quality
kidney	UBERON:0002113	74.32	gold quality
sperm	CL:0000019	73.44	gold quality
skin of hip	UBERON:0001554	73.36	gold quality
prostate gland	UBERON:0002367	73.24	gold quality
heart right ventricle	UBERON:0002080	73.22	silver quality
adult mammalian kidney	UBERON:0000082	73.06	gold quality
bone marrow cell	CL:0002092	72.93	gold quality
upper leg skin	UBERON:0004262	72.58	gold quality
metanephros cortex	UBERON:0010533	72.46	gold quality
placenta	UBERON:0001987	72.45	gold quality
lower lobe of lung	UBERON:0008949	72.45	gold quality
lymph node	UBERON:0000029	72.44	gold quality
blood	UBERON:0000178	72.29	gold quality
tibia	UBERON:0000979	71.98	gold quality
decidua	UBERON:0002450	71.75	gold quality
right lung	UBERON:0002167	71.67	gold quality
tonsil	UBERON:0002372	71.63	gold quality
smooth muscle tissue	UBERON:0001135	71.59	gold quality
male germ cell	CL:0000015	71.56	gold quality
pancreas	UBERON:0001264	71.41	gold quality
spleen	UBERON:0002106	71.16	gold quality
esophagus mucosa	UBERON:0002469	71.00	gold quality
body of stomach	UBERON:0001161	70.86	gold quality
lung	UBERON:0002048	70.59	gold quality
jejunum	UBERON:0002115	70.35	gold quality
fallopian tube	UBERON:0003889	69.59	gold quality
right uterine tube	UBERON:0001302	69.32	gold quality
uterus	UBERON:0000995	69.16	gold quality
sigmoid colon	UBERON:0001159	69.06	gold quality
urinary bladder	UBERON:0001255	69.00	gold quality
stomach	UBERON:0000945	68.93	gold quality
descending thoracic aorta	UBERON:0002345	68.92	gold quality
upper lobe of lung	UBERON:0008948	68.67	gold quality
left coronary artery	UBERON:0001626	68.49	gold quality
upper lobe of left lung	UBERON:0008952	68.48	gold quality
omental fat pad	UBERON:0010414	68.48	gold quality

Single-cell (SCXA)

Detected in 1 experiment(s), a significant marker in 1.

Experiment	Marker?	Max mean expression
E-ANND-3	yes	4.82

HPA expression

RNA tissue specificity: Tissue enhanced

showing 60 of 237 HPA tissues / cells by nTPM:

Tissue / cell	Axis	nTPM	Protein (IHC)
Locus coeruleus	tissue	192.6
Salivary gland	tissue	87.8	low
Colon	tissue	86.5	low
Rectum	tissue	82.9	low
Choroid plexus	tissue	78.9
Superior colliculi	tissue	76.8
Stomach 1	tissue	73.5	medium
Small intestine	tissue	70.4	not detected
Esophagus	tissue	64.3	low
Placenta	tissue	61.8	medium
Vagina	tissue	57.3	not detected
Urinary bladder	tissue	56.8	not detected
Spinal cord	tissue	53.7
Epididymis	tissue	53.1	low
Duodenum	tissue	52.9	not detected
Breast	tissue	49.4	not detected
Kidney	tissue	46.1	low
Adipose tissue	tissue	45.8	not detected
Fallopian tube	tissue	43.5	medium
Liver	tissue	42.2	not detected
Cervix	tissue	41.1	not detected
Endometrium 1	tissue	39.1	not detected
Prostate	tissue	38.8	not detected
Bone marrow	tissue	38.2	not detected
Medulla oblongata	tissue	37.4
Substantia nigra	tissue	36.8
Pancreas	tissue	35.8	not detected
Locus coeruleus	tissue	34.7
Smooth muscle	tissue	34.5	high
Gallbladder	tissue	33.7	low
Ovary	tissue	31.5	medium
Tonsil	tissue	30.9	not detected
Thalamus	tissue	30.2
Medulla oblongata	tissue	29.6
Thymus	tissue	28.4
Skin 1	tissue	28.3	not detected
Hippocampus	tissue	27.6	medium
Midbrain	tissue	26.5
Tongue	tissue	26.1
Nucleus accumbens	tissue	26.1
Lymph node	tissue	24.9	not detected
Pons	tissue	24.8
Thyroid gland	tissue	24.5	not detected
Corpus callosum	tissue	23.9
Frontal cortex	tissue	23.2
Postcentral gyrus	tissue	23.2
Seminal vesicle	tissue	22.9	not detected
Spinal cord	tissue	22.5
Hippocampal formation	tissue	22.4
Appendix	tissue	22.1	not detected
Entorhinal cortex	tissue	21.6
Lung	tissue	21.0	not detected
Putamen	tissue	18.4
Septum	tissue	18.4
Hypothalamus	tissue	18.1
Pons	tissue	17.9
Cerebral cortex	tissue	17.8	medium
Motor cortex	tissue	17.8
Retrosplenial and cingulate cortex	tissue	17.5
Ventral forebrain	tissue	17.4

Brain sub-regions (HPA Brain Atlas): detected in 830; highest nTPM — Dorsal spinal cord (386.8), Median raphe nucleus (361.8), Dorsal hippocampus (327.4), Dorsal raphe nucleus (298.3), Lateral hypothalamic area (284.5).

Regulation

Is transcription factor: no

miRNA regulators (miRDB)

Targeting NAT1 by miRDB confidence (max_score; target_count = how many genes the miRNA targets in total — lower means more specific).

showing 30 of 73 miRNAs:

miRNA	Max score	Avg score	miRNA target_count
HSA-MIR-126-5P	100.00	72.71	3180
HSA-MIR-4795-3P	100.00	74.62	4024
HSA-MIR-29A-3P	100.00	73.11	1835
HSA-MIR-29B-3P	100.00	73.18	1833
HSA-MIR-29C-3P	100.00	73.15	1833
HSA-MIR-5692A	100.00	74.40	6850
HSA-MIR-190A-3P	100.00	80.35	5520
HSA-MIR-12136	99.98	72.81	5713
HSA-MIR-19A-3P	99.98	75.33	2762
HSA-MIR-19B-3P	99.98	75.44	2754
HSA-MIR-3148	99.97	75.06	6478
HSA-MIR-607	99.97	73.62	5593
HSA-MIR-4487	99.96	64.58	1252
HSA-MIR-548AB	99.95	71.31	3488
HSA-MIR-559	99.95	72.28	3609
HSA-MIR-548A-5P	99.94	71.27	3482
HSA-MIR-548AD-5P	99.94	71.23	3502
HSA-MIR-548AE-5P	99.94	71.23	3502
HSA-MIR-548AK	99.94	71.24	3488
HSA-MIR-548AM-5P	99.94	71.24	3488
HSA-MIR-548AP-5P	99.94	71.14	3489
HSA-MIR-548AQ-5P	99.94	71.34	3426
HSA-MIR-548AR-5P	99.94	71.28	3515
HSA-MIR-548AS-5P	99.94	71.22	3482
HSA-MIR-548AU-5P	99.94	71.24	3488
HSA-MIR-548AY-5P	99.94	71.23	3502
HSA-MIR-548B-5P	99.94	71.23	3502
HSA-MIR-548BB-5P	99.94	71.27	3509
HSA-MIR-548C-5P	99.94	71.24	3488
HSA-MIR-548D-5P	99.94	71.23	3502

Functional genomics

gnomAD constraint: pLI 0.147, LOEUF 1.91, missense Z -0.828 — population loss-of-function intolerance (pLI ≥ 0.9 = LoF-intolerant; lower LOEUF = more constrained). gnomAD

Regional missense constraint (gnomAD RMC): no regional variation along ENST00000307719 — one region, missense o/e 1.18.

Literature-anchored findings (GeneRIF, showing 40)

• Heart tube patterning in Drosophila requires integration of axial and segmental information provided by the Bithorax Complex genes and hedgehog signaling. (PMID:12223408)
• The analysis of these mutations has allowed us to define a new infraabdominal-8 regulatory region, located 5’ to the Abdominal-B transcription unit, and has helped to characterize better the complex regulation of the Abdominal-B gene. (PMID:12399311)
• The promoter targeting sequence (PTS) from the Abdominal-B locus of the bithorax complex facilitates the activity of a distantly located enhancer in transgenic embryos and it restricts the enhancer to a single promoter. (PMID:12490558)
• Data report the mapping of binding sites for ultrabithorax, Abd-A and Abd-B on polytene chromosomes in the Drospohila fat body. (PMID:12835385)
• the Fab-7 boundary contains separable regions that function at different stages of development (PMID:15329342)
• Abd-B acts at multiple levels to regulate gonad development and is a conserved factor in establishing gonad sexual dimorphism in diverse species. (PMID:15454263)
• certain mutations in Abd-B can be rescued in trans by the other copy of the gene in the genetic phenomenon known as transvection (PMID:15572134)
• The relationship between Abd-B and abd-A in the female genital disc is opposite to that of the embryonic epidermis, and contravenes the rule that posteriorly expressed Hox genes downregulate more anterior ones. (PMID:16319117)
• Abdominal-B Hox protein directly activates expression of the yellow pigmentation gene in posterior segments (PMID:16814723)
• Regulatory regons seems to control specifically the level of Abd-B expression in only one parasegment of the bithorax. (PMID:16818450)
• Abdominal-B induces the expression of four intermediate signaling molecules and transcription factors; this expression results in the mosaic activation of several realizator genes during the organogenesis of the external respiratory organ of the larva. (PMID:17113384)
• Enhancer interference limits the interaction of the Abdominal-B promoter to the enhancer(s) from only one regulatory domain in a specific abdominal segment. (PMID:17307884)
• the enhancer blocking capability of the Fab-8 insulator in stably transfected Drosophila S2 cells and show this activity depends on the Fab-8 CTCF binding sites (PMID:17825318)
• Fab-7 and Fab-8 boundaries effectively interact with the upstream region of the Abd-B promoter (PMID:18426914)
• development of the dorsal histoblast nests that will give rise to the adult epithelium is impaired in the posterior segments which identity is specified by Abdominal-B (PMID:18667003)
• Using gene conversion, we exchanged the Fab-7 and Fab-8 boundaries within the BX-C. (PMID:18987027)
• Studies indicate that interaction of Abdominal-B (ABD-B) with dorso ventral and intrasegmental positional information leads to the local activation of ABD-B primary targets in the dorsal region of the eighth abdominal segment (A8). (PMID:19247941)
• The promoter targeting sequences (PTS) from Abd-B locus overcome the enhancer blocking effect of insulators and facilitate long-range enhancer-promoter interactions in transgenic flies (PMID:20045684)
• Results suggest that the expression of cas is segment-specifically regulated negatively by Ubx and abdA genes, but positively by the AbdB gene. (PMID:20563987)
• Data show that the bithorax complex is an approximately 330kb genomic region that is responsible for directing the transcription of three homeotic (Hox) genes Ultrabithorax (Ubx), abdominal-A (abd-A) and Abdominal-B (Abd-B) during embryonic development. (PMID:21821017)
• By functionally dissecting the Abd-B protein, new features of Abd-B dependent target gene regulation were detected. (PMID:22005458)
• Dsx is a transcriptional target of Abdominal-B, and its regulation sculpts sex-specific abdomen morphology. (PMID:22488883)
• We also found that Abd-B expression in the secondary cells contributes to glycosylation of at least three accessory gland proteins: ovulin (Acp26Aa), CG1656, and CG1652 (PMID:23555301)
• Abdominal-B and caudal inhibit the formation of specific neuroblasts in the Drosophila tail region. (PMID:23903193)
• ABD-B binds more strongly to oligonucleotides containing two 5’-TTAT-3’ canonical core motifs than the probe containing the 5’-TTAC-3’ motif. (PMID:24219869)
• Abd-B provides cues for integrin localization, critical for stem cell positioning. (PMID:24480643)
• Abd-B is required in neurons during development for females to become highly receptive to male courtship. Abd-B neurons control pausing, a key aspect of female sexual receptivity, in response to male courtship. (PMID:24998527)
• We also observed that these functions of abd-A are required in its exclusive as well as the coexpression domain with that of Abd-B (PMID:25340649)
• analysis of blocking and bypass activities of the Fab-8 boundary in the Drosophila bithorax complex (PMID:27428541)
• Data report that the repression of Abd-B, in cyst stem cells (CySCs) is essential for the homeostasis and cell identity maintenance in the adult Drosophila testis. Derepression of Abd-B in CySCs disrupts the proper self-renewal of both germline stem cells (GSCs) and CySCs, and leads to an excessive expansion of early stage somatic cells, which originate from both lineages. (PMID:28698559)
• iab-7 polycomb response element (PRE) functions as a component of the Fab-7 boundary. The boundary activity of the iab-7 PRE sequence depends upon a complex called the LBC, LBC is a multiprotein complex that contains at least three distinct DNA binding proteins, the GAGA factor (GAF), Clamp, and Mod(mdg4). (PMID:30110328)
• complete reconstitution of bypass and blocking functions (PMID:31209019)
• The capacity of Abdominal-B to use the sex-specific isoform of Dsx as a cofactor underlines the possibility that these two classes of protein are capable of cooperating in selection and regulation of target genes in a tissue- and sex-specific manner (PMID:31371379)
• Redundant enhancers in the iab-5 domain cooperatively activate Abd-B in the A5 and A6 abdominal segments of Drosophila. (PMID:34473267)
• The Drosophila Fab-7 boundary modulates Abd-B gene activity by guiding an inversion of collinear chromatin organization and alternate promoter use. (PMID:36640345)
• Boundary bypass activity in the abdominal-B region of the Drosophila bithorax complex is position dependent and regulated. (PMID:37582404)
• the formation of the buried hydrophobic stacks is critical for the correct folding of the parallel beta-helix, triple-stranded beta-helix, and beta-prism domains in the tailspike protein. (PMID:15322277)
• These results underscore the importance of the TSP C-terminus in the assembly of the mature trimer and demonstrate its potential utility as a model to study the folding and assembly of the TSP C-terminus in isolation. (PMID:19196242)
• TSP morphology controls viral DNA release. (PMID:22364412)
• Crystal structure of the tailspike protein and its interdomain linker (PMID:24816102)

Cross-species orthologs

8 orthologs

Organism	Symbol	Gene ID
danio_rerio	zgc:101040	ENSDARG00000005176
danio_rerio	si:dkey-78a14.4	ENSDARG00000036066
mus_musculus	Nat1	ENSMUSG00000025588
mus_musculus	Nat2	ENSMUSG00000051147
mus_musculus	Nat3	ENSMUSG00000056426
rattus_norvegicus	Nat2	ENSRNOG00000029977
rattus_norvegicus	Nat1	ENSRNOG00000049498
rattus_norvegicus	Nat3	ENSRNOG00000074135

Paralogs (1): NAT2 (ENSG00000156006)

Mouse-model phenotypes

Observed phenotypes of the mouse ortholog (MGI:97279) from MGI (Alliance of Genome Resources) — knockout/mutant phenotypes, ranked by annotation count. 2 distinct phenotype terms.

Mouse phenotype (MP)	Records
reduced fertility	1
decreased liver enzyme/coenzyme activity	1

Additional cross-species homologs

Sequence homologs in species beyond Ensembl Compara’s model organisms, by Diamond local protein alignment (% sequence identity; best hit per species). Lower-identity rows are more distant homologs. The matched accessions’ gene symbols aren’t in biobtree yet, so each row shows the UniProt accession.

Organism	UniProt	Identity	Method
Oryctolagus cuniculus	P11246	95.2%	Diamond
Mesocricetus auratus	P50293	93.1%	Diamond
Macaca mulatta	Q7YRG5	89.0%	Diamond
Felis catus	O62696	83.3%	Diamond
Bos taurus	Q1JPA6	82.8%	Diamond
Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium str. LT2	Q00267	74.4%	Diamond
Gallus gallus	P13913	65.4%	Diamond
Mycolicibacterium smegmatis	O86309	60.9%	Diamond

Genomic neighbors (locus context)

Genes flanking this one on the chromosome (NCBI/Entrez gene neighborhood). Positional context only — some neighbors share regulatory elements (bidirectional promoters, antisense/overlapping transcripts), but chromosomal adjacency is not itself a functional relationship (see Interactions for that).

Symbol	Type	Entrez
ASAH1-AS1	ncRNA	101929066
ASAH1	protein-coding	427
PCM1	protein-coding	5108
NAT2	protein-coding	10

Protein

Protein identifiers

Arylamine N-acetyltransferase 1 — P18440 (reviewed: P18440)

Alternative names: Arylamide acetylase 1, Monomorphic arylamine N-acetyltransferase, N-acetyltransferase type 1

All UniProt accessions (2): P18440, F5H5R8

UniProt curated annotations — full annotation on UniProt →

Function. Participates in the detoxification of a plethora of hydrazine and arylamine drugs. Catalyzes the N- or O-acetylation of various arylamine and heterocyclic amine substrates and is able to bioactivate several known carcinogens.

Subcellular location. Cytoplasm.

Polymorphism. N-acetylation polymorphism is determined by a low or high NAT activity in liver and has been implicated in the action and toxicity of amine-containing drugs. Slow acetylation genotypes have been associated with significant lung cancer risk. Candidate risk factor for susceptibility to neural tube defects. The NAT1*10 allele has been associated with increased risk of colon and urinary bladder cancers and with higher levels of N-acetyltransferase activity and DNA adducts in aromatic amine tumor target organs such as colon and urinary bladder.

Miscellaneous. NAT1 was historically considered to be monomorphic in nature but reports of allelic variations at the NAT1 locus suggest that it is a polymorphically expressed enzyme.

Similarity. Belongs to the arylamine N-acetyltransferase family.

RefSeq proteins (10): NP_000653, NP_001153642, NP_001153643, NP_001153644, NP_001153645, NP_001153646, NP_001153647, NP_001153648, NP_001153651, NP_001278891 (=MANE)

Domains & families (InterPro)

ID	Name	Type
IPR001447	Arylamine_N-AcTrfase	Family
IPR038765	Papain-like_cys_pep_sf	Homologous_superfamily
IPR053710	Arylamine_NAT_domain_sf	Homologous_superfamily

Pfam: PF00797

Enzyme classification (BRENDA)

• EC 2.3.1.5 — arylamine N-acetyltransferase (BRENDA: 76 organisms, 504 substrates, 242 inhibitors, 322 Km, 150 kcat entries)
• EC 3.1.2.1 — acetyl-CoA hydrolase (BRENDA: 33 organisms, 27 substrates, 33 inhibitors, 16 Km, 2 kcat entries)

Substrate kinetics (BRENDA)

94 substrates with measured Km, best-characterized 15. Km ranges are aggregated across organisms/conditions.

Substrate	Km (mM)	Measurements
2-AMINOFLUORENE	0.0002–5.8	50
ACETYL-COA	0.0084–560	23
5-AMINOSALICYLIC ACID	0.0067–1.7	16
ISONIAZID	0.18–102	14
ACETYL-COA	0.0001–15	14
P-AMINOBENZOIC ACID	0.0028–152	13
SULFAMETHAZINE	0.02–5.39	11
4-NITROPHENYL ACETATE	0.164–10	9
HYDRALAZINE	0.0134–1.327	9
4-AMINOSALICYLATE	0.0941–3.827	8
4-AMINOSALICYLIC ACID	0.258–2.2	8
4-AMINOBENZOIC ACID	0.049–166	7
5-AMINOSALICYLATE	0.2–0.662	7
4-AMINOBIPHENYL	0.0058–1.57	5
P-AMINOSALICYLIC ACID	0.059–5.39	5

Catalyzed reactions (Rhea)

• an arylamine + acetyl-CoA = an N-acetylarylamine + CoA (RHEA:16613)
• an N-hydroxyarylamine + acetyl-CoA = an N-acetoxyarylamine + CoA (RHEA:20277)

UniProt features (48 total): strand 13, helix 12, sequence variant 11, binding site 5, active site 3, chain 1, mutagenesis site 1, turn 1, modified residue 1

Structure

Experimental structures (PDB)

2 structures by resolution:

PDB	Title	Method	Resolution (Å)
2IJA	Human N-acetyltransferase 1 F125S mutant	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	1.7
2PQT	Human N-acetyltransferase 1	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	1.78

Predicted structure (AlphaFold)

Model	pLDDT	Fraction very-high
AF-P18440-F1	98.20	0.99

Human Protein Atlas

Protein class: Metabolic proteins, Transporters, Electrochemical Potential-driven transporters, Predicted membrane proteins, Plasma proteins, Disease related genes, FDA approved drug targets, Small molecule drugs, Human disease related genes

Protein evidence: Evidence at protein level

Subcellular location (HPA, imaging): cytosol; mitochondria

Antibody reliability (HPA): IH enhanced · IF approved

Functional residue map

Curated UniProt residues grouped by drug-discovery relevance — catalytic, ligand-binding, modification, and mutation-validated positions. Source: UniProtKB sequence features.

Catalytic / active sites (3)

Position	Role
68	acyl-thioester intermediate
107
122

Ligand- & substrate-binding residues (5)

Position	Role
103	CoA
104	CoA
106–107	substrate
208	CoA
214	CoA

Post-translational modifications (1)

Type	Positions
N-acetylmethionine	1

Mutagenesis-validated functional residues (1)

Position	Phenotype
64	reduced enzymatic activity.

Function

Pathways and Gene Ontology

Reactome pathways

2 curated (TAS) of 6; 0 disease pathways. Curated-first; evidence = TAS (manually curated) vs IEA (electronic inference).

6 pathways:

ID	Pathway	Evidence
R-HSA-156582	Acetylation	curated
R-HSA-9753281	Paracetamol ADME	curated
R-HSA-211859	Biological oxidations	—
R-HSA-9748784	Drug ADME	—
R-HSA-1430728	Metabolism	—
R-HSA-156580	Phase II - Conjugation of compounds	—

MSigDB gene sets: 168 (showing top): WALLACE_PROSTATE_CANCER_RACE_UP, REACTOME_BIOLOGICAL_OXIDATIONS, GOZGIT_ESR1_TARGETS_DN, GAUSSMANN_MLL_AF4_FUSION_TARGETS_A_DN, DACOSTA_UV_RESPONSE_VIA_ERCC3_UP, SMID_BREAST_CANCER_RELAPSE_IN_LUNG_DN, BROWNE_HCMV_INFECTION_16HR_UP, PUJANA_CHEK2_PCC_NETWORK, RUTELLA_RESPONSE_TO_CSF2RB_AND_IL4_UP, SMID_BREAST_CANCER_LUMINAL_B_UP, DACOSTA_UV_RESPONSE_VIA_ERCC3_COMMON_UP, HELLER_HDAC_TARGETS_SILENCED_BY_METHYLATION_UP, RIGGINS_TAMOXIFEN_RESISTANCE_DN, SPIELMAN_LYMPHOBLAST_EUROPEAN_VS_ASIAN_DN, XU_GH1_AUTOCRINE_TARGETS_DN

GO Biological Process (1): xenobiotic metabolic process (GO:0006805)

GO Molecular Function (6): arylamine N-acetyltransferase activity (GO:0004060), protein-cysteine S-acyltransferase activity (GO:0019707), protein binding (GO:0005515), acetyltransferase activity (GO:0016407), transferase activity (GO:0016740), acyltransferase activity (GO:0016746)

GO Cellular Component (2): cytosol (GO:0005829), cytoplasm (GO:0005737)

Reactome top-level categories

4 top-level categories:

Category	Pathways
Phase II - Conjugation of compounds	1
Drug ADME	1
Biological oxidations	1
Metabolism	1

GO top-level categories

11 GO namespaces:

Category	Terms
acyltransferase activity, transferring groups other than amino-acyl groups	2
cellular anatomical structure	2
metabolic process	1
cellular response to xenobiotic stimulus	1
N-acetyltransferase activity	1
catalytic activity, acting on a protein	1
binding	1
catalytic activity	1
transferase activity	1
cytoplasm	1
intracellular anatomical structure	1

Protein interactions and networks

STRING

showing 15 of 462 interactions by confidence (×1000):

Protein A	Protein B	Partner UniProt	Score
NAT1	AADAC	P22760	840
NAT1	GATD3	P0DPI2	760
NAT1	PNOC	Q13519	756
NAT1	MNAT1	P51948	746
NAT1	ESCO1	Q5FWF5	706
NAT1	ESCO2	Q56NI9	705
NAT1	NAA15	Q9BXJ9	692
NAT1	PSCA	O43653	668
NAT1	CYP2E1	P05181	655
NAT1	CHRNA2	Q15822	616
NAT1	AANAT	Q16613	555
NAT1	MUC6	Q6W4X9	552
NAT1	ASMT	P46597	529
NAT1	PPP3CC	P48454	510
NAT1	MUTYH	Q9UIF7	508

IntAct

Human interaction partners of NAT1 in IntAct, one row per partner (best MIscore; records = supporting IntAct interaction records).

2 partners by confidence:

Partner	Interaction type	MIscore	Records
ICAM1	physical association	0.590	2
MRRF	association	0.350	1

BioGRID (10 interactions; top human partners by supporting records): ICAM1 (Affinity Capture-MS; 3 records), APEX1 (Affinity Capture-RNA), FTO (Affinity Capture-MS), KRAS (Synthetic Lethality), MRRF (Affinity Capture-MS), NR2C2 (Affinity Capture-MS), SBDS (Affinity Capture-MS), SNTA1 (Protein-peptide)

SIGNOR signaling

1 signaling interactions:

A	Effect	B	Mechanism
AR	“up-regulates quantity by expression”	NAT1	“transcriptional regulation”

Disease & clinical

Genetic variants

Variant evidence for NAT1: 58 ClinVar records (0 pathogenic / likely pathogenic).

ClinVar

58 variants total. Per-class counts are floors (≥ shown; pagination cap):

Classification	Count (floor)
Pathogenic	0
Likely pathogenic	0
Uncertain significance	37
Likely benign	10
Benign	2

HPA cancer prognostics

RNA cancer specificity: Cancer enhanced (Liver Hepatocellular Carcinoma)

Human Protein Atlas survival analysis — favorable = higher expression predicts better survival.

10 prognostic cancer types:

Cancer	Prognostic	p-value
Colon Adenocarcinoma (TCGA)	favorable	1.22e-06
Kidney Renal Clear Cell Carcinoma (TCGA)	favorable	2.9e-06
Kidney Renal Clear Cell Carcinoma (TCGA)	favorable	2.2e-05
Liver Hepatocellular Carcinoma (TCGA)	unfavorable	5.63e-05
Glioblastoma Multiforme (validation)	favorable	0.000228
Liver Hepatocellular Carcinoma (TCGA)	unfavorable	0.00024
Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma (TCGA)	unfavorable	0.000355
Breast Invasive Carcinoma (validation)	favorable	0.00048
Lung Adenocarcinoma (validation)	unfavorable	0.000799
Ovary Serous Cystadenocarcinoma (validation)	unfavorable	0.000951

Disease associations

OMIM: gene MIM:108345 | disease phenotypes:

Drugs & pharmacology

Drug and pharmacology data

Is drug target: yes

ChEMBL targets (1): CHEMBL5101 (SINGLE PROTEIN)

PharmGKB: 1 entry (CPIC guideline: no)

Binding affinities (BindingDB)

37 measured of 44 human assays (48 total across all organisms); most potent 37 below. Values come from heterogeneous assays and are not directly comparable.

Ligand	Measure	Value
CHEMBL3262086	IC50	120 nM
(Z)-5-(3’,5’-Diiodo-4’-hydroxybenzylidene)-2-thioxothiazolidine-4-one	IC50	138 nM
CHEMBL3262085	IC50	540 nM
(Z)-5-(3’-Hydroxybenzylidene)-2-thioxothiazolidin-4-one	IC50	600 nM
CHEMBL3262049	IC50	900 nM
(Z)-5-(2’-Hydroxybenzylidene)-2-thioxothiazolidin-4-one	IC50	1100 nM
(Z)-3-Amino-5-(4’-hydroxy-3’,5-diiodobenzylidene)-2-thioxo-thiazolidin-4-one	IC50	1100 nM
CHEMBL2047717	IC50	1100 nM
CHEMBL1568345	IC50	1700 nM
CHEMBL3262055	IC50	1900 nM
CHEMBL3262084	IC50	2600 nM
CHEMBL3262053	IC50	2800 nM
(Z)-5-(3’,4’-Dichlorobenzylidene)-2-thioxothiazolidin-4-one	IC50	3400 nM
2-Hydroxy-5-[1-(4-hydroxy-3,5-diiodo-phenyl)-meth-(Z)-ylidene]-thiazol-4-one	IC50	3600 nM
(Z)-5-(2’-Methylbenzylidene)-2-thioxothiazolidin-4-one	IC50	3900 nM
CHEMBL3262048	IC50	4100 nM
CHEMBL3262082	IC50	4200 nM
5-(4-chlorobenzylidene)-2-thioxothiazolidin-4-one	IC50	4700 nM
CHEMBL3262087	IC50	5800 nM
CHEMBL3262077	IC50	6600 nM
(Z)-5-(4’-Hydroxy-3’,5’-diiodobenzylidene)-3-methyl-2-thioxothiazolidin-4-one	IC50	7600 nM
CHEMBL3262056	IC50	8000 nM
(Z)-5-(4’-Biphenylmethylene)-2-thioxothiazolidin-4-one	IC50	8100 nM
CHEMBL3262059	IC50	8400 nM
CHEMBL3262061	IC50	9600 nM
CHEMBL3262062	IC50	10000 nM
CHEMBL3262073	IC50	10000 nM
CHEMBL3262060	IC50	10300 nM
CHEMBL3262054	IC50	12100 nM
CHEMBL3262058	IC50	12100 nM
(Z)-5-(4’-Fluorobenzylidene)-2-thioxothiazolidin-4-one	IC50	12900 nM
CHEMBL3262057	IC50	14500 nM
(Z)-5-(3’-Methylbenzylidene)-2-thioxothiazolidin-4-one	IC50	17000 nM
(Z)-5-(2’-Methoxybenzylidene)-2-thioxothiazolidin-4-one	IC50	17600 nM
CHEMBL3262074	IC50	19000 nM
CHEMBL3262076	IC50	19300 nM
CHEMBL3262075	IC50	22100 nM

ChEMBL bioactivities

28 potent at pChembl≥5 of 40 total, top 28 by pChembl (potency: 10 = 0.1 nM, 6 = 1 µM).

pChembl	Type	Value	Unit	Molecule
6.92	IC50	120	nM	CHEMBL3262086
6.86	IC50	138	nM	CHEMBL458614
6.48	IC50	330	nM	CHEMBL458614
6.27	IC50	540	nM	CHEMBL3262085
6.22	IC50	600	nM	CHEMBL457919
6.05	IC50	900	nM	CHEMBL3262049
5.96	IC50	1100	nM	CHEMBL2047717
5.96	IC50	1100	nM	CHEMBL431550
5.96	IC50	1100	nM	CHEMBL511165
5.77	IC50	1700	nM	CHEMBL1568345
5.72	IC50	1900	nM	CHEMBL3262055
5.58	IC50	2600	nM	CHEMBL3262084
5.55	IC50	2800	nM	CHEMBL3262053
5.47	IC50	3400	nM	CHEMBL506606
5.44	IC50	3600	nM	CHEMBL110470
5.41	IC50	3900	nM	CHEMBL458705
5.39	IC50	4100	nM	CHEMBL3262048
5.38	IC50	4200	nM	CHEMBL3262082
5.33	IC50	4700	nM	CHEMBL201467
5.24	IC50	5800	nM	CHEMBL3262087
5.18	IC50	6600	nM	CHEMBL3262077
5.12	IC50	7600	nM	CHEMBL456849
5.10	IC50	8000	nM	CHEMBL3262056
5.09	IC50	8100	nM	CHEMBL502693
5.08	IC50	8400	nM	CHEMBL3262059
5.02	IC50	9600	nM	CHEMBL3262061
5.00	IC50	1e+04	nM	CHEMBL3262062
5.00	IC50	1e+04	nM	CHEMBL3262073

PubChem BioAssay actives

27 with measured affinity, of 59 total; 26 most potent distinct compounds. Largely complementary to BindingDB; screening values are coarse (µM, 4 dp), so sub-nM hits tie at the floor.

Compound	Assay	Type	Value	Unit
N-(8-amino-3-anilino-1,4-dioxonaphthalen-2-yl)benzenesulfonamide	1141283: Inhibition of human NAT1 assessed as rate of free thiol coenzyme A production using arylamine and AcCoA as substrate by Ellman’s method	ic50	0.1200	uM
(5Z)-5-[(4-hydroxy-3,5-diiodophenyl)methylidene]-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one	346067: Inhibition of NAT1 in human ZR75 cell lysate assessed as acetylation of aryl amine using PABA as substrate	ic50	0.1380	uM
N-[8-amino-3-(3,5-dimethylanilino)-1,4-dioxonaphthalen-2-yl]benzenesulfonamide	1141283: Inhibition of human NAT1 assessed as rate of free thiol coenzyme A production using arylamine and AcCoA as substrate by Ellman’s method	ic50	0.5400	uM
(5Z)-5-[(3-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one	346066: Inhibition of human recombinant NAT1 assessed as hydrolysis of acetyl coA using PABA as substrate by Ellman’s method	ic50	0.6000	uM
N-[3-(4-bromoanilino)-1,4-dioxonaphthalen-2-yl]benzenesulfonamide	1141283: Inhibition of human NAT1 assessed as rate of free thiol coenzyme A production using arylamine and AcCoA as substrate by Ellman’s method	ic50	0.9000	uM
(5Z)-5-[(2-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one	346066: Inhibition of human recombinant NAT1 assessed as hydrolysis of acetyl coA using PABA as substrate by Ellman’s method	ic50	1.1000	uM
(5Z)-3-amino-5-[(4-hydroxy-3,5-diiodophenyl)methylidene]-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one	346066: Inhibition of human recombinant NAT1 assessed as hydrolysis of acetyl coA using PABA as substrate by Ellman’s method	ic50	1.1000	uM
N-(3-anilino-1,4-dioxonaphthalen-2-yl)benzenesulfonamide	1141283: Inhibition of human NAT1 assessed as rate of free thiol coenzyme A production using arylamine and AcCoA as substrate by Ellman’s method	ic50	1.7000	uM
N-[3-(4-bromophenoxy)-1,4-dioxonaphthalen-2-yl]benzenesulfonamide	1141283: Inhibition of human NAT1 assessed as rate of free thiol coenzyme A production using arylamine and AcCoA as substrate by Ellman’s method	ic50	1.9000	uM
N-[7-amino-3-(3,5-dimethylanilino)-1,4-dioxonaphthalen-2-yl]benzenesulfonamide	1141283: Inhibition of human NAT1 assessed as rate of free thiol coenzyme A production using arylamine and AcCoA as substrate by Ellman’s method	ic50	2.6000	uM
N-(1,4-dioxo-3-phenoxynaphthalen-2-yl)benzenesulfonamide	1141283: Inhibition of human NAT1 assessed as rate of free thiol coenzyme A production using arylamine and AcCoA as substrate by Ellman’s method	ic50	2.8000	uM
(5Z)-5-[(3,4-dichlorophenyl)methylidene]-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one	346066: Inhibition of human recombinant NAT1 assessed as hydrolysis of acetyl coA using PABA as substrate by Ellman’s method	ic50	3.4000	uM
(5Z)-5-[(4-hydroxy-3,5-diiodophenyl)methylidene]-1,3-thiazolidine-2,4-dione	346066: Inhibition of human recombinant NAT1 assessed as hydrolysis of acetyl coA using PABA as substrate by Ellman’s method	ic50	3.6000	uM
(5Z)-5-[(2-methylphenyl)methylidene]-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one	346066: Inhibition of human recombinant NAT1 assessed as hydrolysis of acetyl coA using PABA as substrate by Ellman’s method	ic50	3.9000	uM
N-[3-(3,5-dimethylanilino)-1,4-dioxonaphthalen-2-yl]benzenesulfonamide	1141283: Inhibition of human NAT1 assessed as rate of free thiol coenzyme A production using arylamine and AcCoA as substrate by Ellman’s method	ic50	4.1000	uM
N-[5-amino-3-(3,5-dimethylanilino)-1,4-dioxonaphthalen-2-yl]benzenesulfonamide	1141283: Inhibition of human NAT1 assessed as rate of free thiol coenzyme A production using arylamine and AcCoA as substrate by Ellman’s method	ic50	4.2000	uM
(5Z)-5-[(4-chlorophenyl)methylidene]-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one	346066: Inhibition of human recombinant NAT1 assessed as hydrolysis of acetyl coA using PABA as substrate by Ellman’s method	ic50	4.7000	uM
N-[3-(3,5-dimethylanilino)-1,4-dioxonaphthalen-2-yl]-N-methylbenzenesulfonamide	1141283: Inhibition of human NAT1 assessed as rate of free thiol coenzyme A production using arylamine and AcCoA as substrate by Ellman’s method	ic50	5.8000	uM
N-[3-(3,5-dimethylanilino)-5-nitro-1,4-dioxonaphthalen-2-yl]benzenesulfonamide	1141283: Inhibition of human NAT1 assessed as rate of free thiol coenzyme A production using arylamine and AcCoA as substrate by Ellman’s method	ic50	6.6000	uM
(5Z)-5-[(4-hydroxy-3,5-diiodophenyl)methylidene]-3-methyl-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one	346066: Inhibition of human recombinant NAT1 assessed as hydrolysis of acetyl coA using PABA as substrate by Ellman’s method	ic50	7.6000	uM
N-[3-(2-chlorophenyl)-1,4-dioxonaphthalen-2-yl]benzenesulfonamide	1141283: Inhibition of human NAT1 assessed as rate of free thiol coenzyme A production using arylamine and AcCoA as substrate by Ellman’s method	ic50	8.0000	uM
(5Z)-5-[(4-phenylphenyl)methylidene]-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one	346066: Inhibition of human recombinant NAT1 assessed as hydrolysis of acetyl coA using PABA as substrate by Ellman’s method	ic50	8.1000	uM
N-[3-(3-formylphenyl)-1,4-dioxonaphthalen-2-yl]benzenesulfonamide	1141283: Inhibition of human NAT1 assessed as rate of free thiol coenzyme A production using arylamine and AcCoA as substrate by Ellman’s method	ic50	8.4000	uM
N-[3-(furan-2-yl)-1,4-dioxonaphthalen-2-yl]benzenesulfonamide	1141283: Inhibition of human NAT1 assessed as rate of free thiol coenzyme A production using arylamine and AcCoA as substrate by Ellman’s method	ic50	9.6000	uM
N-[3-(furan-3-yl)-1,4-dioxonaphthalen-2-yl]benzenesulfonamide	1141283: Inhibition of human NAT1 assessed as rate of free thiol coenzyme A production using arylamine and AcCoA as substrate by Ellman’s method	ic50	10.0000	uM
N-[3-(3-formylphenyl)-1,4-dioxonaphthalen-2-yl]benzamide	1141283: Inhibition of human NAT1 assessed as rate of free thiol coenzyme A production using arylamine and AcCoA as substrate by Ellman’s method	ic50	10.0000	uM

CTD chemical–gene interactions

119 total (human), top 30 by PubMed support.

Chemical	Actions (top 5)	PubMed papers
4-Aminobenzoic Acid	increases reaction, affects acetylation, increases metabolic processing, decreases reaction, increases acetylation	7
Tobacco Smoke Pollution	affects reaction, increases abundance, affects response to substance, affects expression, decreases expression (+1 more)	7
Valproic Acid	decreases methylation, affects cotreatment, increases expression, affects expression	7
4-biphenylamine	increases response to substance, increases mutagenesis, increases acetylation, increases activity, affects response to substance	5
2-aminofluorene	increases acetylation, increases metabolic processing	5
Estradiol	increases expression, decreases expression, affects cotreatment	4
sodium arsenite	increases expression, increases methylation	3
benzidine	affects acetylation, affects response to substance, affects expression, affects mutagenesis, increases activity (+1 more)	3
Air Pollutants	increases abundance, increases expression, affects expression, decreases expression, affects cotreatment	3
Benzo(a)pyrene	affects methylation, increases expression, affects response to substance	3
Hydrogen Peroxide	decreases activity, decreases reaction	3
Aflatoxin B1	decreases methylation, increases expression, affects cotreatment, increases response to substance	3
methylmercuric chloride	decreases expression	2
4-phenylenediamine	decreases activity, decreases expression, increases acetylation	2
2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo(4,5-b)pyridine	increases expression, affects response to substance	2
2-hydroxyamino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo(4,5-b)pyridine	affects acetylation, affects activity, increases metabolic processing	2
3-nitrobenzanthrone	increases activity, affects cotreatment, increases reduction	2
Acetyl Coenzyme A	decreases activity, decreases reaction, affects cotreatment, increases activity, increases reduction (+1 more)	2
Aerosols	decreases expression, affects expression	2
Cotinine	affects response to substance, affects abundance, affects reaction, increases abundance	2
Folic Acid	decreases activity, increases acetylation	2
Ozone	affects cotreatment, increases expression, increases abundance, affects expression	2
Aminosalicylic Acid	increases acetylation	2
Pentachlorophenol	decreases reaction, increases acetylation, decreases activity	2
Phenylmercuric Acetate	affects cotreatment, increases expression	2
Tetrachlorodibenzodioxin	increases expression, affects cotreatment	2
Toluene 2,4-Diisocyanate	affects response to substance, increases response to substance	2
Cyclosporine	decreases expression	2
Paclitaxel	decreases activity, decreases expression	2
p-Chloromercuribenzoic Acid	affects cotreatment, increases expression	2

ChEMBL screening assays

10 unique, capped per target: 7 binding, 3 admet

Representative assays (with source publication via chembl_document):

Assay ID	Type	Description	Source paper
CHEMBL3077325	Binding	Inhibition of Homo sapiens (human) arylamine N-acetyltransferase 1	Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of new 4-thiazolidinone derivatives substituted with benzimidazole ring as potential chemotherapeutic agents — *Med Chem Res*
CHEMBL3529019	ADMET	Increase in NAT1 enzyme activity in human HeLa cells at 0.5 uM using p-aminobenzoic acid substrate after 24 hrs by HPLC method relative to untreated control	Histone deacetylase inhibitors increase human arylamine N-acetyltransferase-1 expression in human tumor cells. — *Drug Metab Dispos*

Cellosaurus cell lines

21 cell lines: 12 spontaneously immortalized cell line, 9 cancer cell line

First 10 cell lines (id-ordered, not curated):

Cellosaurus	Name	Category	Sex
CVCL_8558	YG10007	Spontaneously immortalized cell line	Female
CVCL_A2GZ	V79MZh1A2/hNAT1	Spontaneously immortalized cell line	Male
CVCL_A9BA	MDA-MB-231 NAT1 scrambled	Cancer cell line	Female
CVCL_A9BB	MDA-MB-231 NAT1 down	Cancer cell line	Female
CVCL_A9BC	MDA-MB-231 NAT1 up	Cancer cell line	Female
CVCL_A9BD	MDA-MB-231 NAT1+/- 2-12	Cancer cell line	Female
CVCL_A9BE	MDA-MB-231 NAT1-/- 2-19	Cancer cell line	Female
CVCL_A9BF	MDA-MB-231 NAT1-/- 5-50	Cancer cell line	Female
CVCL_D1NY	Abcam K-562 NAT1 KO	Cancer cell line	Female
CVCL_D2KI	Abcam Raji NAT1 KO	Cancer cell line	Male

Clinical trials (associated diseases)

Via MONDO — disease-level, not drug-specific.

Predicted chemistry — Sugi Predict

The predicted patent-compound landscape for NAT1 across ~30M SureChEMBL compounds — explore on Sugi Predict.