NCAM1

Summary

NCAM1 (neural cell adhesion molecule 1, HGNC:7656) is a protein-coding gene on chromosome 11q23.2, encoding Neural cell adhesion molecule 1 (P13591). This protein is a cell adhesion molecule involved in neuron-neuron adhesion, neurite fasciculation, outgrowth of neurites, etc.

This gene encodes a cell adhesion protein which is a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily. The encoded protein is involved in cell-to-cell interactions as well as cell-matrix interactions during development and differentiation. The encoded protein plays a role in the development of the nervous system by regulating neurogenesis, neurite outgrowth, and cell migration. This protein is also involved in the expansion of T lymphocytes, B lymphocytes and natural killer (NK) cells which play an important role in immune surveillance. This protein plays a role in signal transduction by interacting with fibroblast growth factor receptors, N-cadherin and other components of the extracellular matrix and by triggering signalling cascades involving FYN-focal adhesion kinase (FAK), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K). One prominent isoform of this gene, cell surface molecule CD56, plays a role in several myeloproliferative disorders such as acute myeloid leukemia and differential expression of this gene is associated with differential disease progression. For example, increased expression of CD56 is correlated with lower survival in acute myeloid leukemia patients whereas increased severity of COVID-19 is correlated with decreased abundance of CD56-expressing NK cells in peripheral blood. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding distinct protein isoforms.

Source: NCBI Gene 4684 — RefSeq curated summary.

At a glance

• GWAS associations: 50
• Clinical variants (ClinVar): 54 total — 1 pathogenic
• Druggable target: yes
• MANE Select transcript: NM_181351

Identifiers

Gene identifiers

Field	Value
HGNC ID	HGNC:7656
Approved symbol	NCAM1
Name	neural cell adhesion molecule 1
Location	11q23.2
Locus type	gene with protein product
Status	Approved
Aliases	NCAM, CD56
Ensembl gene	ENSG00000149294
Ensembl biotype	protein_coding
OMIM	116930
Entrez	4684

Gene structure

Transcript identifiers

Ensembl transcripts: 26 — 15 protein_coding, 6 retained_intron, 4 protein_coding_CDS_not_defined, 1 nonsense_mediated_decay

ENST00000316851, ENST00000401611, ENST00000524916, ENST00000525355, ENST00000525691, ENST00000525973, ENST00000526322, ENST00000528158, ENST00000528590, ENST00000529356, ENST00000530090, ENST00000530543, ENST00000531044, ENST00000531817, ENST00000533073, ENST00000533226, ENST00000534046, ENST00000534516, ENST00000611284, ENST00000613217, ENST00000615525, ENST00000617166, ENST00000619839, ENST00000620046, ENST00000621128, ENST00000621850

RefSeq mRNA: 30 — MANE Select: NM_181351 NM_000615, NM_001076682, NM_001242607, NM_001242608, NM_001386289, NM_001386290, NM_001386291, NM_001386292, NM_001400603, NM_001400604, NM_001400605, NM_001400606, NM_001400607, NM_001400608, NM_001400609, NM_001400610, NM_001400611, NM_001400612, NM_001400613, NM_001400615, NM_001400616, NM_001400617, NM_001400618, NM_001400619, NM_001400620, NM_001400621, NM_001400622, NM_001400623, NM_001400624, NM_181351

CCDS: CCDS73384, CCDS73385, CCDS73386, CCDS73387, CCDS73388, CCDS91595

Canonical transcript exons

ENST00000316851 — 20 exons

Exon	Start	End
ENSE00003471992	113221296	113221325
ENSE00003479684	113206043	113206180
ENSE00003492790	113271760	113271876
ENSE00003494379	113202379	113202453
ENSE00003502948	113260146	113260323
ENSE00003533558	113232170	113232354
ENSE00003584378	113231645	113231795
ENSE00003611511	113207833	113208002
ENSE00003643236	113232718	113232814
ENSE00003649418	113270188	113270395
ENSE00003653453	113205523	113205666
ENSE00003655908	113207261	113207378
ENSE00003681514	113204286	113204504
ENSE00003691564	113235033	113235164
ENSE00003693988	113214369	113214511
ENSE00003723845	113275267	113278436
ENSE00003724801	113233147	113233317
ENSE00003726501	113246368	113246370
ENSE00003747920	113255877	113256001
ENSE00003906045	112961420	112961664

Expression profiles

Bgee: expression breadth ubiquitous, 266 present calls, max score 99.64.

FANTOM5 (CAGE): breadth ubiquitous, TPM avg 47.3230 / max 2279.5144, expressed in 1034 samples.

FANTOM5 promoters (9 alternative TSS)

Promoter ID	TPM avg	Samples expressed
116727	39.1888	1005
116728	2.6151	476
116726	2.5266	513
206449	0.8985	306
116745	0.7884	103
116742	0.4004	182
116741	0.3297	179
116744	0.3079	58
116743	0.2677	92

Top tissues by expression

283 total, by Bgee expression score (0-100, higher = more expressed):

Tissue	Anatomy ID	Expression score	Quality
cortical plate	UBERON:0005343	99.64	gold quality
ventricular zone	UBERON:0003053	99.00	gold quality
ganglionic eminence	UBERON:0004023	98.97	gold quality
middle temporal gyrus	UBERON:0002771	98.95	gold quality
entorhinal cortex	UBERON:0002728	98.76	gold quality
corpus callosum	UBERON:0002336	98.67	gold quality
endothelial cell	CL:0000115	98.62	gold quality
Brodmann (1909) area 46	UBERON:0006483	98.56	gold quality
pons	UBERON:0000988	98.52	gold quality
superior frontal gyrus	UBERON:0002661	98.50	gold quality
prefrontal cortex	UBERON:0000451	98.47	gold quality
parietal lobe	UBERON:0001872	98.41	gold quality
C1 segment of cervical spinal cord	UBERON:0006469	98.41	gold quality
temporal lobe	UBERON:0001871	98.37	gold quality
postcentral gyrus	UBERON:0002581	98.35	gold quality
ventral tegmental area	UBERON:0002691	98.32	gold quality
Brodmann (1909) area 9	UBERON:0013540	98.24	gold quality
spinal cord	UBERON:0002240	98.22	gold quality
frontal cortex	UBERON:0001870	98.18	gold quality
cerebral cortex	UBERON:0000956	98.14	gold quality
telencephalon	UBERON:0001893	98.12	gold quality
Ammon’s horn	UBERON:0001954	98.12	gold quality
neocortex	UBERON:0001950	98.11	gold quality
caudate nucleus	UBERON:0001873	98.09	gold quality
amygdala	UBERON:0001876	98.09	gold quality
substantia nigra pars reticulata	UBERON:0001966	98.09	gold quality
superior vestibular nucleus	UBERON:0007227	98.07	gold quality
Brodmann (1909) area 23	UBERON:0013554	98.03	gold quality
nucleus accumbens	UBERON:0001882	98.00	gold quality
putamen	UBERON:0001874	97.97	gold quality

Single-cell (SCXA)

Detected in 11 experiment(s), a significant marker in 8.

Experiment	Marker?	Max mean expression
E-ANND-2	yes	1530.88
E-HCAD-56	yes	1387.46
E-MTAB-6678	yes	671.15
E-GEOD-84465	yes	27.23
E-CURD-112	yes	16.30
E-MTAB-8410	yes	16.01
E-MTAB-7316	yes	13.67
E-ANND-3	yes	6.52
E-MTAB-11268	no	1198.77
E-MTAB-7303	no	827.99
E-GEOD-93593	no	15.57

Regulation

Is transcription factor: no

Upstream regulators (CollecTRI, top): ALX4, ARID1B, BARX1, BARX2, BTBD3, CEBPB, CUX1, CUX2, DMRTA1, HOXA1, HOXB9, HOXC6, HOXC8, HR, IRF9, JUN, LEF1, MYC, NFKB1, NFKB, NFKBIZ, NSD2, OTX2, PAX2, PAX5, PAX6, PAX8, PHOX2A, RELA, RUNX1, SOX2, SOX4, SP1, TP73

miRNA regulators (miRDB)

203 targeting NCAM1, top 30 by miRDB confidence (max_score; target_count = how many genes the miRNA targets in total — lower means more specific):

miRNA	Max score	Avg score	miRNA target_count
HSA-MIR-6867-5P	100.00	82.21	3464
HSA-MIR-30A-5P	100.00	76.31	3233
HSA-MIR-30B-5P	100.00	76.29	3248
HSA-MIR-30C-5P	100.00	76.29	3248
HSA-MIR-30D-5P	100.00	76.32	3233
HSA-MIR-30E-5P	100.00	76.32	3242
HSA-MIR-3163	100.00	77.23	8605
HSA-MIR-8485	100.00	77.57	4731
HSA-MIR-200B-3P	100.00	73.31	2693
HSA-MIR-200C-3P	100.00	73.35	2685
HSA-MIR-429	100.00	73.44	2698
HSA-MIR-6833-3P	100.00	70.63	3197
HSA-LET-7A-3P	100.00	74.03	3932
HSA-LET-7B-3P	100.00	74.08	3913
HSA-LET-7F-1-3P	100.00	74.02	3928
HSA-MIR-98-3P	100.00	74.08	3907
HSA-MIR-4768-5P	100.00	69.49	2861
HSA-MIR-3924	100.00	72.09	2394
HSA-MIR-3689D	100.00	66.14	1181
HSA-MIR-6851-5P	100.00	65.63	1294
HSA-MIR-511-3P	99.99	68.85	1467
HSA-MIR-186-5P	99.99	70.83	3707
HSA-MIR-4789-3P	99.99	70.75	2484
HSA-MIR-4803	99.98	71.99	3117
HSA-MIR-27A-3P	99.98	72.13	2955
HSA-MIR-27B-3P	99.98	72.13	2955
HSA-MIR-9985	99.98	72.11	2939
HSA-MIR-12136	99.98	72.81	5713
HSA-MIR-3692-3P	99.98	70.27	2139
HSA-MIR-548P	99.98	72.25	3784

Literature-anchored findings (GeneRIF, showing 40)

• NCAM 105-115 kDa is a protease- and neuraminidase-susceptible fragment and was correlated with ventricular enlargement in chronic schizophrenia (p = 0.01). Release of NCAM fragments in schizophrenia may be part of the pathogenic mechanism. (PMID:11681838)
• Significance of cell adhesion molecules, CD56/NCAM in particular, in human tumor growth and spreading. (PMID:11820619)
• exists in lipid microdomains and transducts cell signalings via regulating the activation of signal transduction molecules (PMID:11915324)
• PSA-NCAM was found to be expressed in the somata, dendrites and axonal processes of some neurons, which were identified as chandelier cell axon terminals (chandelier terminals), in the adult human entorhinal cortex and neocortex. (PMID:12003861)
• CD56 expression predicts occurrence of CNS disease in acute lymphoblastic leukemia but not CR or survival. CD56 may enable targeting of leukemic cells to tissues that express it. (PMID:12008081)
• CD56 molecules on NK cells interact with fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 on Jurkat T cells to trigger IL-2 production. (PMID:12121226)
• Preferential apoptosis of CD56dim natural killer cell subset in patients with cancer. (PMID:12594840)
• a useful immunohistochemical marker of Merkel cell carcinoma (PMID:12727026)
• which the polysialyltransferases bind to the first fibronectin type III repeat (FN1) of NCAM to polymerize polysialic acid chains on appropriately presented glycans in adjacent regions. (PMID:12791681)
• Strong overexpression of NCAM(CD56) and RUNX1(AML1) is a constant and characteristic feature of cardiomyocytes within or adjacent to scars in ICM. (PMID:12937148)
• Natural killer (NK) cells expressing high CD56 levels are terminally differentiated cells identical to mature NK cells recently activated in the presence of IL-12, and not a functionally distinct subset or progenitors to mature CD56+low NK cells. (PMID:14688313)
• there are two types of CD56+ epithelial cells in the pancreatic duct system: CD56+ endocrine cells are numerous during the early stage of gestation while CD56+ luminal cells may represent developmental and regenerative changes of pancreatic ducts. (PMID:14726964)
• CD56 is expressed in bone marrow of acute myelogenous leukemias but not acute lymphoblastic leukemia (PMID:14959847)
• Alzheimer patients presented values of low molecular weight-NCAM and high molecular weight-NCAM significantly higher than healthy controls of similar age (higher than 130 kDa) (PMID:15006709)
• genetic variations in neural cell adhesion molecule 1 or nearby genes could confer risks associated with bipolar affective disorder in Japanese individuals. (PMID:15050861)
• REVIEW: Prognostic significance of CD56 expressed in multiple myeloma (PMID:15061198)
• CD56 expression was associated with the leukemogenetic mutation at the primitive hematopoietic progenitor cell level (PMID:15223636)
• Unlike wild-type FGFR4, pituitary tumor derived-FGFR4 does not associate with neural cell-adhesion molecule (NCAM). (PMID:15231874)
• Cells expressing this antigen repond to a Wilms tumor cell line feeder cells and are precursors of NK cells. (PMID:15246157)
• Pre-activated, adherent-natural killer cells express low levels of CD56 and CD161 (PMID:15356097)
• There is a close relationship between PSA-NCAM expression and neuronal migration. (PMID:15459479)
• CD56bright natural killer cells accumulate in inflammatory lesions and, in the appropriate cytokine environment, can engage with CD14+ monocytes in a reciprocal activatory fashion, thereby amplifying the inflammatory response. (PMID:15528382)
• first pediatric case describing coexpression of CD56 on B-lineage acute lymphoblastic leukemia (PMID:15626024)
• CD56 seems to be the most sensitive marker for the diagnosis of SCC of the uterine cervix (PMID:15782066)
• A significant increase was observed in PSA-NCAM, NCAM-180, NCAM-140, and HSP70 expression as seen by Western blotting and immunocytofluorescent studies in NMDA-treated cultures. (PMID:15950781)
• polysialyltransferase ST8Sia IV/PST recognizes specific amino acids in the first fibronectin type III repeat of the neural cell adhesion molecule (PMID:16027151)
• analysis of polymerization of polysialic acid on neural cell adhesion molecules (PMID:16172115)
• NCAM is associated not only with a cell-to-cell adhesion mechanism, but also with tumorigenesis, including growth, development and perineural invasion in human salivary gland tumors (PMID:16211277)
• CD56(bright) and CD56(dim) human natural killer-cell subsets exert different functional and cytotoxic activities in response to a live bacterial pathogen. (PMID:16316416)
• The new role of Neural Cell Adhesion Molecules in tumor neo-angiogenesis relevant for endothelial cell organization into capillary-like structures. (PMID:16406048)
• NCAM is hyposialylated in hereditary inclusion body myopathy skeletal) muscle. (PMID:16534119)
• Tests whether activation and expansion of human NK cells with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) reveals differences between identical twins with regaard to C56 antigen. (PMID:16572491)
• The gene expression profile of hepatic stem cells throughout life consists of high levels of expression of neuronal cell adhesion molecule (NCAM). (PMID:16627685)
• identified co-induction of NKG2A and CD56 on activation of TH2 cells (PMID:16690409)
• Isolation of 3 novel isoforms of AML 1 (RUNX1) with different transactivating function, that might be a regulatory element of the NCAM (CD56) overexpression in chronic myocardial ischemia. (PMID:16892559)
• the FN1 alpha-helix is involved in an Ig5-FN1 interaction that is critical for the correct positioning of Ig5 N-glycans for polysialylation (PMID:17003032)
• Co-immunoprecipitation and co-clustering paradigms were used to show that both NCAM and N-cadherin can interact with the 3Ig IIIC isoform of the FGFR1 in a number of cell types. (PMID:17005551)
• NCAM1 along with RUNX1 is overexpressed during stress hematopoiesis in Down syndrome children and may contribute to the development of overt leukemia. (PMID:17043020)
• In the “Europe only” stratum, there were nominally significant associations with five contiguous SNPs. (PMID:17161382)
• Neuroblastoma cells resistant to anticancer drugs have increased invasive capacity caused by down-regulation of NCAM adhesion receptor. (PMID:17181871)

Cross-species orthologs

4 orthologs

Organism	Symbol	Gene ID
danio_rerio	ncam1b	ENSDARG00000007220
danio_rerio	ncam1a	ENSDARG00000056181
mus_musculus	Ncam1	ENSMUSG00000039542
rattus_norvegicus	Ncam1	ENSRNOG00000031890

Paralogs (36): CNTN1 (ENSG00000018236), CDON (ENSG00000064309), NEO1 (ENSG00000067141), SDK2 (ENSG00000069188), IGSF9B (ENSG00000080854), IGSF9 (ENSG00000085552), NRCAM (ENSG00000091129), MXRA5 (ENSG00000101825), IGDCC4 (ENSG00000103742), CNTN3 (ENSG00000113805), IGSF21 (ENSG00000117154), CNTN6 (ENSG00000134115), CHL1 (ENSG00000134121), PTPRQ (ENSG00000139304), CNTN4 (ENSG00000144619), BOC (ENSG00000144857), SDK1 (ENSG00000146555), HMCN2 (ENSG00000148357), CNTN5 (ENSG00000149972), IGSF10 (ENSG00000152580), ROBO4 (ENSG00000154133), ROBO3 (ENSG00000154134), NCAM2 (ENSG00000154654), VCAM1 (ENSG00000162692), NFASC (ENSG00000163531), PRTG (ENSG00000166450), ROBO1 (ENSG00000169855), DSCAM (ENSG00000171587), IGDCC3 (ENSG00000174498), VSIG10 (ENSG00000176834), DSCAML1 (ENSG00000177103), CNTN2 (ENSG00000184144), ROBO2 (ENSG00000185008), VSIG10L (ENSG00000186806), DCC (ENSG00000187323), L1CAM (ENSG00000198910)

Protein

Protein identifiers

Neural cell adhesion molecule 1 — P13591 (reviewed: P13591)

All UniProt accessions (12): P13591, A0A087WTR3, A0A087WVD0, A0A087WVU1, A0A087WWD4, A0A087WWJ5, A0A087WZS4, A0A087X1V2, A0A0C4DGS4, A0A0D9SF30, A0A0D9SF98, H7BYX6

UniProt curated annotations — full annotation on UniProt →

Function. This protein is a cell adhesion molecule involved in neuron-neuron adhesion, neurite fasciculation, outgrowth of neurites, etc. (Microbial infection) Acts as a receptor for rabies virus. (Microbial infection) Acts as a receptor for Zika virus.

Subunit / interactions. (Microbial infection) Interacts with rabies virus glycoprotein. (Microbial infection) Interacts with Zika virus envelope protein E. Interacts with MDK. Found in a complex with SLC39A6, SLC39A10 and with NCAM1; this complex controls NCAM1 phosphorylation and integration into focal adhesion complexes during epithelial-tomesenchymal transition. Interacts with synaptic plasticity regulator PANTS.

Subcellular location. Cell membrane Cell membrane Cell membrane Cell membrane Secreted Secreted.

Post-translational modifications. Polysialylated at Asn-459 and Asn-488 by ST8SIA2 and ST8SIA4. Polysialylation modulates cell interactions by confering both attractive and repulsive properties that are highly regulated by ST8SIA2 and ST8SIA4. Polysialylation is formed on a-2,3-linked sialic acid of core glycans.

Miscellaneous. May be produced at very low levels due to a premature stop codon in the mRNA, leading to nonsense-mediated mRNA decay.

Isoforms (6)

UniProt ID	Names	Canonical?
P13591-2	1	yes
P13591-1	2, N-CAM 140
P13591-3	3, N-CAM 120
P13591-4	4
P13591-5	5, C
P13591-6	6

RefSeq proteins (30): NP_000606, NP_001070150, NP_001229536, NP_001229537, NP_001373218, NP_001373219, NP_001373220, NP_001373221, NP_001387532, NP_001387533, NP_001387534, NP_001387535, NP_001387536, NP_001387537, NP_001387538, NP_001387539, NP_001387540, NP_001387541, NP_001387542, NP_001387544, NP_001387545, NP_001387546, NP_001387547, NP_001387548, NP_001387549, NP_001387550, NP_001387551, NP_001387552, NP_001387553, NP_851996* (*=MANE)

Domains & families (InterPro)

ID	Name	Type
IPR003598	Ig_sub2	Domain
IPR003599	Ig_sub	Domain
IPR003961	FN3_dom	Domain
IPR007110	Ig-like_dom	Domain
IPR009138	Neural_cell_adh	Family
IPR013098	Ig_I-set	Domain
IPR013783	Ig-like_fold	Homologous_superfamily
IPR036116	FN3_sf	Homologous_superfamily
IPR036179	Ig-like_dom_sf	Homologous_superfamily

Pfam: PF00041, PF07679, PF13927

UniProt features (89 total): strand 33, splice variant 8, sequence conflict 8, domain 7, glycosylation site 6, disulfide bond 5, sequence variant 4, mutagenesis site 3, helix 3, compositionally biased region 2, modified residue 2, topological domain 2, lipid moiety-binding region 2, signal peptide 1, chain 1, region of interest 1, transmembrane region 1

Structure

Experimental structures (PDB)

7 structures.

PDB	Method	Resolution (Å)
2HAZ	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	1.7
3MTR	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	1.8
5AEA	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	1.9
2E3V	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	1.95
2VKW	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	2.3
2VKX	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	2.7
5LKN	SOLUTION NMR

Predicted structure (AlphaFold)

Model	pLDDT	Fraction very-high
AF-P13591-F1	79.94	0.54

Functional residue map

Curated UniProt residues grouped by drug-discovery relevance — catalytic, ligand-binding, modification, and mutation-validated positions. Source: UniProtKB sequence features.

Post-translational modifications (4): 780, 784, 741, 706

Disulfide bonds (5): 41–96, 139–189, 235–287, 329–395, 436–489

Glycosylation sites (6): 222, 315, 347, 433, 459, 488

Mutagenesis-validated functional residues (3):

Position	Phenotype
433	loss of polysialic acid addition by st8sia4; when associated with q-459 and q-488. loss of polysialic acid addition by s
459	loss of polysialic acid addition by st8sia4; when associated with q-433 and q-488. loss of polysialic acid addition by s
488	loss of polysialic acid addition by st8sia4; when associated with q-433 and q-459. loss of polysialic acid addition by s

Function

Pathways and Gene Ontology

Reactome pathways

17 pathways

ID	Pathway
R-HSA-3000178	ECM proteoglycans
R-HSA-375165	NCAM signaling for neurite out-growth
R-HSA-419037	NCAM1 interactions
R-HSA-445144	Signal transduction by L1
R-HSA-5673001	RAF/MAP kinase cascade
R-HSA-877300	Interferon gamma signaling
R-HSA-1266738	Developmental Biology
R-HSA-1280215	Cytokine Signaling in Immune system
R-HSA-1474244	Extracellular matrix organization
R-HSA-162582	Signal Transduction
R-HSA-168256	Immune System
R-HSA-373760	L1CAM interactions
R-HSA-422475	Axon guidance
R-HSA-5683057	MAPK family signaling cascades
R-HSA-5684996	MAPK1/MAPK3 signaling
R-HSA-913531	Interferon Signaling
R-HSA-9675108	Nervous system development

MSigDB gene sets: 385 (showing top): GSE45365_CD8A_DC_VS_CD11B_DC_IFNAR_KO_MCMV_INFECTION_UP, RNGTGGGC_UNKNOWN, VERHAAK_AML_WITH_NPM1_MUTATED_DN, AGGAAGC_MIR5163P, MODULE_92, BENPORATH_ES_WITH_H3K27ME3, WWTAAGGC_UNKNOWN, MODULE_274, REACTOME_CYTOKINE_SIGNALING_IN_IMMUNE_SYSTEM, YAO_HOXA10_TARGETS_VIA_PROGESTERONE_UP, PAL_PRMT5_TARGETS_UP, GCANCTGNY_MYOD_Q6, TTTGTAG_MIR520D, GCM_ZNF198, GAUSSMANN_MLL_AF4_FUSION_TARGETS_A_UP

GO Biological Process (5): epithelial to mesenchymal transition (GO:0001837), cell adhesion (GO:0007155), commissural neuron axon guidance (GO:0071679), regulation of semaphorin-plexin signaling pathway (GO:2001260), symbiont entry into host cell (GO:0046718)

GO Molecular Function (2): virus receptor activity (GO:0001618), protein binding (GO:0005515)

GO Cellular Component (10): Golgi membrane (GO:0000139), extracellular region (GO:0005576), cytosol (GO:0005829), plasma membrane (GO:0005886), external side of plasma membrane (GO:0009897), cell surface (GO:0009986), membrane (GO:0016020), extracellular matrix (GO:0031012), neuron projection (GO:0043005), side of membrane (GO:0098552)

Reactome top-level categories

Rollup of top-12 pathways:

Category	Pathways
Axon guidance	2
Extracellular matrix organization	1
NCAM signaling for neurite out-growth	1
L1CAM interactions	1
MAPK1/MAPK3 signaling	1
Interferon Signaling	1
Immune System	1
Nervous system development	1
Signal Transduction	1
MAPK family signaling cascades	1
Cytokine Signaling in Immune system	1
Developmental Biology	1

GO top-level categories

Rollup of top GO terms by namespace:

Category	Terms
cellular anatomical structure	5
membrane	2
mesenchymal cell differentiation	1
cellular process	1
axon guidance	1
regulation of signal transduction	1
semaphorin-plexin signaling pathway	1
viral life cycle	1
symbiont entry into host	1
symbiont entry into host cell	1
exogenous protein binding	1
binding	1
Golgi apparatus	1
bounding membrane of organelle	1
cytoplasm	1
cell periphery	1
plasma membrane	1
cell surface	1
side of membrane	1
external encapsulating structure	1
plasma membrane bounded cell projection	1
leaflet of membrane bilayer	1

Protein interactions and networks

STRING

4874 interactions, top by confidence (×1000):

Protein A	Protein B	Partner UniProt	Score
NCAM1	FCGR3A	P08637	990
NCAM1	FCGR3B	O75015	990
NCAM1	CD19	P15391	972
NCAM1	CDH2	P19022	966
NCAM1	FGFR1	P11362	942
NCAM1	GFRA1	P56159	938
NCAM1	CD2	P06729	918
NCAM1	PRF1	P14222	916
NCAM1	B3GAT1	Q9P2W7	915
NCAM1	PRNP	P04156	910
NCAM1	NCR3	O14931	908
NCAM1	NCR1	O76036	901
NCAM1	CD7	P09564	898
NCAM1	GDNF	P39905	897
NCAM1	NCR2	O95944	893

IntAct

85 interactions, top by confidence:

A	B	Type	Score
CFTR	ESYT2	psi-mi:“MI:2364”(proximity)	0.710
FPR2	ARL6IP5	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.640
SLC39A5	FAM171A2	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.640
GRK2	NCAM1	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
STUB1	NCAM1	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
NUFIP1	PDE2A	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
REEP5	SCAMP1	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
REEP1	PLSCR1	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
REEP5	PLSCR1	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
CLEC4A	SEMA7A	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
NRAS	ESYT2	psi-mi:“MI:2364”(proximity)	0.480
St8sia2	NCAM1	psi-mi:“MI:0559”(glycosylation reaction)	0.440
ST8SIA4	NCAM1	psi-mi:“MI:0559”(glycosylation reaction)	0.440
NCAM1	FGFR1	psi-mi:“MI:0407”(direct interaction)	0.440
NCAM1	NCAM1	psi-mi:“MI:0407”(direct interaction)	0.440
NCAM1	UCHL1	psi-mi:“MI:0407”(direct interaction)	0.440
SIGLEC9	NCAM1	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.400
NPTN	NCAM1	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.400
NCAM1	RHEB	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.370
NCAM1	ATXN1	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.370
M	PGRMC1	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
PRNP	WDR91	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
FGFR4	NDUFA4	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350

BioGRID (116): NCAM1 (Affinity Capture-MS), NCAM1 (Affinity Capture-MS), NCAM1 (Affinity Capture-MS), NCAM1 (Affinity Capture-MS), NCAM1 (Affinity Capture-MS), NCAM1 (Affinity Capture-MS), NCAM1 (Affinity Capture-MS), NCAM1 (Affinity Capture-MS), NCAM1 (Affinity Capture-MS), NCAM1 (Affinity Capture-MS), NCAM1 (Affinity Capture-MS), NCAM1 (Affinity Capture-MS), NCAM1 (Affinity Capture-MS), NCAM1 (Affinity Capture-MS), NCAM1 (Affinity Capture-MS)

ESM2 similar proteins: D3ZB51, E9PZ19, M0RAS4, O60242, O60245, O70472, O75882, O94779, P13590, P13591, P13595, P13596, P15209, P24786, P31836, P51641, P68500, P78539, P97300, P97527, P97546, Q01973, Q03351, Q15223, Q16288, Q16620, Q5IFJ9, Q5IS37, Q5IS82, Q63604, Q63769, Q6A051, Q6AZB0, Q6GQT9, Q6P1D5, Q6VNS1, Q7TNR6, Q80T74, Q80ZF8, Q8R4I7

Diamond homologs: A0A452E9Y6, A1KZ92, A2ASS6, A4IGL7, A5JUY8, A8WQH2, B0V2N1, B3A0P3, B3A0Q8, D3YXG0, G5EG78, O15146, O42414, O60469, O61213, O94779, P05164, P07202, P09933, P11247, P11678, P13591, P13595, P13596, P14650, P14781, P20241, P22063, P22079, P23468, P29533, P29534, P31836, P35419, P49290, P68500, P80025, P90820, P97528, P98160

SIGNOR signaling

3 interactions.

A	Effect	B	Mechanism
ALX4	“down-regulates quantity by repression”	NCAM1	“transcriptional regulation”
LEF1	“up-regulates activity”	NCAM1	“transcriptional regulation”
GDNF	“up-regulates activity”	NCAM1	binding

Enriched among interaction partners

Reactome pathways and GO biological processes over-represented among this gene’s 103 IntAct physical interaction partners (hypergeometric vs the genome-wide background, BH-FDR, gene-set size 15–500, ranked by fold). A functional readout of the neighbourhood — distinct from this gene’s own memberships above, and biased toward well-studied / hub proteins, so read it as themes rather than proof.

Reactome pathways:

Pathway	Partners	Fold	FDR
NCAM signaling for neurite out-growth	6	23.3×	3e-05

Disease & clinical

Clinical variants and AI predictions

ClinVar

54 variants total. Per-class counts are floors (≥ shown; pagination cap):

Classification	Count (floor)
Pathogenic	1
Likely pathogenic	0
Uncertain significance	25
Likely benign	2
Benign	2

Top pathogenic / likely-pathogenic (1)

Variant ID	HGVS	Classification
1098336	NM_181351.5(NCAM1):c.1923dup (p.Ile642fs)	Pathogenic

SpliceAI

4935 predictions. Top by Δscore:

Variant	Effect	Δscore
11:113040844:A:AG	acceptor_gain	1.0000
11:113040845:C:G	acceptor_gain	1.0000
11:113133366:T:TA	acceptor_gain	1.0000
11:113133371:T:TA	acceptor_gain	1.0000
11:113133379:A:AG	acceptor_gain	1.0000
11:113133379:AACCT:A	acceptor_gain	1.0000
11:113133380:A:G	acceptor_gain	1.0000
11:113133383:T:TA	acceptor_gain	1.0000
11:113204284:A:AG	acceptor_gain	1.0000
11:113204284:AGT:A	acceptor_gain	1.0000
11:113204285:G:GA	acceptor_gain	1.0000
11:113204285:GT:G	acceptor_gain	1.0000
11:113204285:GTG:G	acceptor_gain	1.0000
11:113204469:G:GG	donor_gain	1.0000
11:113204500:CTTTC:C	donor_gain	1.0000
11:113204501:TTTC:T	donor_gain	1.0000
11:113204502:TTC:T	donor_gain	1.0000
11:113204502:TTCG:T	donor_loss	1.0000
11:113204503:TC:T	donor_gain	1.0000
11:113204503:TCGT:T	donor_loss	1.0000
11:113204504:CGTAA:C	donor_loss	1.0000
11:113204505:G:GG	donor_gain	1.0000
11:113204505:GT:G	donor_loss	1.0000
11:113204506:T:A	donor_loss	1.0000
11:113205520:CAGA:C	acceptor_loss	1.0000
11:113205521:A:AG	acceptor_gain	1.0000
11:113205521:AG:A	acceptor_loss	1.0000
11:113205522:G:GG	acceptor_gain	1.0000
11:113205522:GA:G	acceptor_gain	1.0000
11:113205522:GAG:G	acceptor_loss	1.0000

AlphaMissense

5659 scored. Top likely-pathogenic:

Variant	Protein change	am_pathogenicity
11:113207373:G:C	W247C	1.000
11:113207373:G:T	W247C	1.000
11:113214473:T:A	W341R	1.000
11:113214473:T:C	W341R	1.000
11:113214475:G:C	W341C	1.000
11:113214475:G:T	W341C	1.000
11:113231694:T:C	L380P	1.000
11:113231732:T:G	Y393D	1.000
11:113232271:T:A	W448R	1.000
11:113232271:T:C	W448R	1.000
11:113232273:G:C	W448C	1.000
11:113232273:G:T	W448C	1.000
11:113232350:T:C	L474P	1.000
11:113232771:C:A	N493K	1.000
11:113232771:C:G	N493K	1.000
11:113204320:G:C	W54C	0.999
11:113204320:G:T	W54C	0.999
11:113204400:T:C	L81P	0.999
11:113204438:T:G	Y94D	0.999
11:113205627:T:A	W151R	0.999
11:113205627:T:C	W151R	0.999
11:113205629:G:C	W151C	0.999
11:113205629:G:T	W151C	0.999
11:113206073:T:C	L174P	0.999
11:113206111:T:G	Y187D	0.999
11:113207371:T:A	W247R	0.999
11:113207371:T:C	W247R	0.999
11:113207372:G:C	W247S	0.999
11:113207901:T:C	L272P	0.999
11:113207939:T:G	Y285D	0.999

dbSNP variants (sampled 300 via entrez): RS1000001757 (11:113182613 T>C), RS1000017383 (11:113270147 T>A), RS1000063052 (11:113012056 T>C), RS1000087888 (11:113194179 T>C,G), RS1000090738 (11:113263846 G>A), RS1000091760 (11:113142078 C>T), RS1000095258 (11:113222384 G>A), RS1000099720 (11:113030484 T>A,C), RS1000122924 (11:113047730 G>A), RS1000133868 (11:113240418 G>T), RS1000192230 (11:113005966 A>G), RS1000196511 (11:112962115 A>C), RS1000203201 (11:112961873 G>C), RS1000204162 (11:113160071 T>C), RS1000219898 (11:113257847 T>C,G)

Disease associations

OMIM: gene MIM:116930 | disease phenotypes:

GenCC curated gene-disease

Mondo (2): autism spectrum disorder (MONDO:0005258), hereditary breast ovarian cancer syndrome (MONDO:0003582)

Orphanet (2): Hereditary breast and/or ovarian cancer syndrome (Orphanet:145), NON RARE IN EUROPE: Autism (Orphanet:106)

HPO phenotypes

0 total (0 of 0 shown, HPO-id order):

GWAS associations

50 associations (top):

Study	Trait	p-value
GCST000894_3	Entorhinal cortical thickness	9.000000e-06
GCST000936_1	Cardiac muscle measurement	3.000000e-07
GCST000936_2	Cardiac muscle measurement	9.000000e-07
GCST000936_3	Cardiac muscle measurement	4.000000e-09
GCST002503_3	Suicide attempts in depression or bipolar disorder	2.000000e-06
GCST002783_304	Body mass index	1.000000e-07
GCST002783_610	Body mass index	2.000000e-07
GCST003174_1	Sense of smell	8.000000e-06
GCST003382_3	Cannabis use	9.000000e-07
GCST003855_17	Gut microbiota (bacterial taxa)	3.000000e-08
GCST006288_190	Heel bone mineral density	2.000000e-06
GCST006288_50	Heel bone mineral density	9.000000e-11
GCST006421_5	Cannabis use	1.000000e-10
GCST006585_1719	Blood protein levels	1.000000e-10
GCST006940_13	Neurociticism	4.000000e-12
GCST006943_13	Feeling miserable	1.000000e-09
GCST006944_50	Experiencing mood swings	9.000000e-09
GCST006952_5	Feeling tense	5.000000e-11
GCST006976_136	Macular thickness	4.000000e-08
GCST006979_421	Heel bone mineral density	1.000000e-23
GCST006979_422	Heel bone mineral density	2.000000e-42
GCST007096_227	Pulse pressure	3.000000e-09
GCST007099_187	Systolic blood pressure	4.000000e-08
GCST007323_106	Risk-taking tendency (4-domain principal component model)	4.000000e-24
GCST007326_110	Number of sexual partners	5.000000e-11
GCST007327_122	Smoking status (ever vs never smokers)	3.000000e-09
GCST007327_141	Smoking status (ever vs never smokers)	4.000000e-09
GCST007327_202	Smoking status (ever vs never smokers)	7.000000e-48
GCST007327_218	Smoking status (ever vs never smokers)	1.000000e-13
GCST007335_23	Age at first sexual intercourse	2.000000e-09

EFO canonical traits (27, from GWAS)

EFO ID	Trait name
EFO:0004840	cortical thickness
EFO:0003896	left ventricular hypertrophy
EFO:0004298	cardiovascular measurement
EFO:0004321	attempted suicide
EFO:0004340	body mass index
EFO:0007585	Cannabis use
EFO:0007874	gut microbiome measurement
EFO:0009270	heel bone mineral density
EFO:0007660	neuroticism measurement
EFO:0009598	feeling miserable measurement
EFO:0008475	mood instability measurement
EFO:0009596	feeling tense measurement
EFO:0005763	pulse pressure measurement
EFO:0006335	systolic blood pressure
EFO:0008579	risk-taking behaviour
EFO:0004318	smoking behavior
EFO:0009749	age at first sexual intercourse measurement
EFO:0005670	smoking initiation
EFO:0006781	coffee consumption measurement
EFO:0004337	intelligence
EFO:0004784	self reported educational attainment
EFO:0006527	smoking status measurement
EFO:0010091	tea consumption measurement
EFO:0004574	total cholesterol measurement
EFO:0005658	response to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor
EFO:0004611	low density lipoprotein cholesterol measurement
EFO:0009885	frailty measurement

MeSH disease descriptors (1)

Descriptor	Name	Tree numbers
D061325	Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer Syndrome	C04.588.180.483; C04.588.322.455.431; C04.700.517; C12.050.351.500.056.630.705.431; C12.050.351.937.418.685.431; C12.100.250.056.630.705.431; C12.900.418.685.431; C16.320.700.517; C17.800.090.500.483; C19.344.410.431; C19.391.630.705.431

Drugs & pharmacology

Drug and pharmacology data

Is drug target: yes

ChEMBL targets (1): CHEMBL3712938 (SINGLE PROTEIN)

PharmGKB: 1 entry (VIP=true, CPIC=false)

PharmGKB clinical annotations

1 annotations.

Variant	Type	Level	Drugs	Phenotypes
rs2303377	Efficacy	3	duloxetine	Major Depressive Disorder

PharmGKB variants

1 variants.

Variant	Genes	Level	Score	#Clin annots	Drugs
rs2303377	NCAM1	3	3.00	1	duloxetine

GtoPdb / IUPHAR curated pharmacology

(IUPHAR/BPS Guide to Pharmacology — expert-curated)

Target class: other protein — CD molecules

CTD chemical–gene interactions

70 total (human), top 30 by PubMed support.

Chemical	Actions (top 5)	PubMed papers
Valproic Acid	affects expression, affects cotreatment, increases expression	9
trichostatin A	affects cotreatment, increases expression	4
nickel chloride	affects cotreatment, increases expression, increases reaction	2
mercuric bromide	affects cotreatment, decreases expression	2
4-(5-benzo(1,3)dioxol-5-yl-4-pyridin-2-yl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)benzamide	increases expression, decreases expression, affects cotreatment	2
Acetaminophen	affects expression, increases expression	2
Arsenic	affects expression	2
Atrazine	affects cotreatment, increases expression	2
Benzo(a)pyrene	affects methylation, increases methylation	2
Tretinoin	increases expression, increases reaction, decreases expression	2
p-Chloromercuribenzoic Acid	affects cotreatment, decreases expression	2
FR900359	affects phosphorylation	1
methylmercuric chloride	decreases expression	1
triphenyl phosphate	affects expression	1
bisphenol A	affects methylation	1
O,O-diethyl O-3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridyl phosphate	affects response to substance, affects expression	1
tributyltin	affects localization, decreases reaction	1
terbufos	increases methylation	1
sodium arsenite	increases expression	1
butyraldehyde	increases expression	1
tetrabromobisphenol A	decreases expression	1
benzo(e)pyrene	decreases methylation	1
aflatoxin B2	decreases methylation	1
beta-methylcholine	affects expression	1
perfluorooctane sulfonic acid	affects expression	1
azoxystrobin	decreases expression	1
hexabromocyclododecane	decreases expression	1
2-(2-amino-3-methoxyphenyl)-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one	decreases reaction, affects localization	1
corosolic acid	increases expression	1
2-palmitoylglycerol	increases expression	1

ChEMBL screening assays

2 unique, capped per target: 2 binding

Representative assays (with source publication via chembl_document):

Assay ID	Type	Description	Source paper
CHEMBL5318894	Binding	Inhibition of NCAM1 transcriptional activation in human KMS-11 cells assessed as reduction in NCAM1 mRNA expression at 0.5 uM by qRT-PCR analysis	Structural Modification and Pharmacological Evaluation of Substituted Quinoline-5,8-diones as Potent NSD2 Inhibitors. — J Med Chem

Cellosaurus cell lines

6 cell lines: 5 cancer cell line, 1 transformed cell line

First 10 cell lines (id-ordered, not curated):

Cellosaurus	Name	Category	Sex
CVCL_B1Y7	Abcam HeLa NCAM1 KO	Cancer cell line	Female
CVCL_B8L6	Abcam HCT 116 NCAM1 KO	Cancer cell line	Male
CVCL_B8ZC	Abcam MCF-7 NCAM1 KO	Cancer cell line	Female
CVCL_B9NC	Abcam A-549 NCAM1 KO	Cancer cell line	Male
CVCL_D1TM	Abcam U-87MG NCAM1 KO	Cancer cell line	Male
CVCL_D9KZ	Ubigene HEK293 NCAM1 KO	Transformed cell line	Female

Clinical trials (associated diseases)

300 trials via MONDO — disease-level, not drug-specific.

Trial	Phase	Status	Title
NCT00391261	PHASE4	COMPLETED	An Open-label Trial of Metformin for Weight Control of Pediatric Patients on Antipsychotic Medications.
NCT01028820	PHASE4	COMPLETED	FMRI Brain Activation of Aripiprazole Treatment in Autism Spectrum Disorders
NCT01333865	PHASE4	COMPLETED	A Study of Memantine Hydrochloride (Namenda®) for Cognitive and Behavioral Impairment in Adults With Autism Spectrum Disorders
NCT01337700	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Milnacipran in Autism and the Functional Locus Coeruleus and Noradrenergic Model of Autism
NCT01695200	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Omega-3 Fatty Acids in Autism Spectrum Disorders
NCT02096952	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Methylphenidate ER Liquid Formulation in Adults With ASD and ADHD
NCT02235467	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Multisite Study: Parental Training Using Video Modelling to Develop Social Skills in Children With Autism
NCT02940574	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Neural and Behavioral Effects of Oxytocin in Autism Spectrum Disorders
NCT03333629	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Promoting Positive Outcomes for Individuals With ASD: Linking Early Detection, Treatment, and Long-term Outcomes
NCT03337646	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Evaluation of the Effect and Safety of Lisdexamfetamine in Children Aged 6-12 With ADHD and Autism
NCT03538431	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Improving Driving in Young People With Autism Spectrum Disorders
NCT03757585	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Natural Treatments for the Management of Emotional Dysregulation in Youth With Non-verbal Learning Disability (NVLD) and/or Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD)
NCT04903353	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Pragmatic Trial Comparing Weight Gain in Children With Autism Taking Risperidone Versus Aripiprazole
NCT05063656	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Biomarker-Driven Pharmacological Treatment of Adolescents With Autism Spectrum Disorder With Gabapentin
NCT05146245	PHASE4	UNKNOWN	Safety and Pharmacokinetics of Antipsychotics in Children 2: Studying TDM in an RCT
NCT05916339	PHASE4	RECRUITING	AWARE: Management of ADHD in Autism Spectrum Disorder
NCT05954052	PHASE4	TERMINATED	A Study of Glutathione in Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder
NCT06853665	PHASE4	RECRUITING	The TEAM Study - Treatment Efficacy for Autism/Attention Using Mixed Amphetamine
NCT07054697	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Pilot-RCT With Individualized Homeopathic Treatment in the Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder
NCT07161804	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Pilot RCT Using Homeopathic Medicines in ASD
NCT07439042	PHASE4	NOT_YET_RECRUITING	Buspirone for Anxiety in Autistic Youth
NCT01302964	PHASE3	COMPLETED	Mirtazapine Treatment of Anxiety in Children and Adolescents With Pervasive Developmental Disorders
NCT01706523	PHASE3	TERMINATED	Open Label Extension Study of STX209 (Arbaclofen) in Autism Spectrum Disorders
NCT01825798	PHASE3	COMPLETED	Treatment of Overweight Induced by Antipsychotic Medication in Young People With Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD)
NCT01972074	PHASE3	COMPLETED	Behavioral and Neural Response to Memantine in Adolescents With Autism Spectrum Disorder
NCT02985749	PHASE3	COMPLETED	A Study of Oxytocin for the Treatment of Social Impairment in Individuals With High Functioning Autism Spectrum Disorder
NCT03197922	PHASE3	COMPLETED	Treatment of Encopresis in Children With Autism Spectrum Disorders
NCT03504917	PHASE3	TERMINATED	A Study of Balovaptan in Adults With Autism Spectrum Disorder With a 2-Year Open-Label Extension
NCT03553875	PHASE3	TERMINATED	Memantine for the Treatment of Social Deficits in Youth With Disorders of Impaired Social Interactions
NCT03640156	PHASE3	COMPLETED	Modulating Socially Adaptive Mirror System Functioning in Autism by Oxytocin
NCT03715153	PHASE3	TERMINATED	Efficacy and Safety of Bumetanide Oral Liquid Formulation in Children Aged From 2 to Less Than 7 Years Old With Autism Spectrum Disorder.
NCT03715166	PHASE3	TERMINATED	Efficacy and Safety of Bumetanide Oral Liquid Formulation in Children and Adolescents Aged From 7 to Less Than 18 Years Old With Autism Spectrum Disorder
NCT04233502	PHASE3	WITHDRAWN	Efficacy and Safety of Slenyto for Insomnia in Children With ASD
NCT04578756	PHASE3	COMPLETED	Open-Label, Flexible-dose Study to Evaluate the Long-Term Safety and Tolerability of Cariprazine in the Treatment of Pediatric Participants With Schizophrenia, Bipolar I Disorder, or Autism Spectrum Disorder
NCT04623398	PHASE3	COMPLETED	Effect of Lithium in Patients With Autism Spectrum Disorder and Phelan-McDermid Syndrome (SHANK3 Haploinsufficiency)
NCT04725383	PHASE3	TERMINATED	Amitriptyline for Repetitive Behaviors in Autism Spectrum Disorders
NCT05212493	PHASE3	COMPLETED	The Effects of Medical Cannabis in Children With Autistic Spectrum Disorder
NCT05361707	PHASE3	UNKNOWN	Evaluating the Effects of Tasimelteon in Individuals With Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and Sleep Disturbances
NCT05439616	PHASE3	COMPLETED	Study of Cariprazine Oral Capsules or Solution to Assess Adverse Events and Change in Irritability Due to Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) in Participants Aged 5-17 Years With ASD
NCT06229210	PHASE3	RECRUITING	Safety and Tolerability Trial of Lumateperone in Pediatric Patients With Schizophrenia, Bipolar Disorder or Autism Spectrum Disorder