NCR2

gene
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Also known as NK-p44CD336

Summary

NCR2 (natural cytotoxicity triggering receptor 2, HGNC:6732) is a protein-coding gene on chromosome 6p21.1, encoding Natural cytotoxicity triggering receptor 2 (O95944). Cytotoxicity-activating receptor that may contribute to the increased efficiency of activated natural killer (NK) cells to mediate tumor cell lysis.

Predicted to enable signaling receptor activity. Predicted to be involved in cellular defense response and signal transduction. Predicted to be located in plasma membrane. Predicted to be active in cell surface.

Source: NCBI Gene 9436 — RefSeq curated summary.

At a glance

  • GWAS associations: 4
  • Clinical variants (ClinVar): 49 total
  • MANE Select transcript: NM_004828

Identifiers

Gene identifiers

FieldValue
HGNC IDHGNC:6732
Approved symbolNCR2
Namenatural cytotoxicity triggering receptor 2
Location6p21.1
Locus typegene with protein product
StatusApproved
AliasesNK-p44, CD336
Ensembl geneENSG00000096264
Ensembl biotypeprotein_coding
OMIM604531
Entrez9436

Gene structure

Transcript identifiers

Ensembl transcripts: 3 — 3 protein_coding

ENST00000373083, ENST00000373086, ENST00000373089

RefSeq mRNA: 3 — MANE Select: NM_004828 NM_001199509, NM_001199510, NM_004828

CCDS: CCDS4855, CCDS56428, CCDS56429

Canonical transcript exons

ENST00000373089 — 5 exons

ExonStartEnd
ENSE000005115414134203641342149
ENSE000007506724134179441341929
ENSE000008498864133608741336428
ENSE000014594904135067841350889
ENSE000015180444133560841335928

Expression profiles

Bgee: expression breadth broad, 35 present calls, max score 87.44.

FANTOM5 (CAGE): breadth tissue_specific, TPM avg 0.0682 / max 54.8247, expressed in 12 samples.

FANTOM5 promoters (3 alternative TSS)

Promoter IDTPM avgSamples expressed
677450.043810
677470.01735
677460.00713

Top tissues by expression

206 total, by Bgee expression score (0-100, higher = more expressed):

TissueAnatomy IDExpression scoreQuality
olfactory bulbUBERON:000226487.44gold quality
type B pancreatic cellCL:000016987.28gold quality
diaphragmUBERON:000110386.54gold quality
pancreatic ductal cellCL:000207985.77silver quality
male germ line stem cell (sensu Vertebrata) in testisCL:0000089 ∩ UBERON:000047384.72gold quality
endometrium epitheliumUBERON:000481184.65gold quality
hair follicleUBERON:000207382.11gold quality
tibialis anteriorUBERON:000138579.97gold quality
tongue squamous epitheliumUBERON:000691979.22gold quality
quadriceps femorisUBERON:000137779.21gold quality
vastus lateralisUBERON:000137979.03gold quality
left ventricle myocardiumUBERON:000656678.67gold quality
buccal mucosa cellCL:000233678.53gold quality
cardiac muscle of right atriumUBERON:000337978.24gold quality
biceps brachiiUBERON:000150778.11gold quality
ileal mucosaUBERON:000033178.08gold quality
skeletal muscle tissue of biceps brachiiUBERON:000450277.96gold quality
epithelial cell of pancreasCL:000008377.36gold quality
gingival epitheliumUBERON:000194977.33silver quality
deltoidUBERON:000147677.27silver quality
CA1 field of hippocampusUBERON:000388176.89gold quality
tendon of biceps brachiiUBERON:000818876.59silver quality
mucosa of urinary bladderUBERON:000125975.46gold quality
gluteal muscleUBERON:000200075.41gold quality
frontal poleUBERON:000279575.31gold quality
paraflocculusUBERON:000535175.02gold quality
gingivaUBERON:000182874.54silver quality
middle frontal gyrusUBERON:000270274.35gold quality
secondary oocyteCL:000065574.32silver quality
squamous epitheliumUBERON:000691473.30gold quality

Single-cell (SCXA)

Detected in 2 experiment(s), a significant marker in 1.

ExperimentMarker?Max mean expression
E-GEOD-70580yes535.57
E-ANND-3no1.14

Regulation

Is transcription factor: no

miRNA regulators (miRDB)

26 targeting NCR2, top 30 by miRDB confidence (max_score; target_count = how many genes the miRNA targets in total — lower means more specific):

miRNAMax scoreAvg scoremiRNA target_count
HSA-MIR-7110-3P100.0073.182486
HSA-MIR-6873-3P100.0071.422626
HSA-MIR-5692B100.0071.322622
HSA-MIR-5692C100.0071.322622
HSA-MIR-6833-3P100.0070.633197
HSA-MIR-4262100.0073.263931
HSA-MIR-513B-5P99.9969.962150
HSA-MIR-181A-5P99.9972.962995
HSA-MIR-181B-5P99.9972.972996
HSA-MIR-181C-5P99.9972.952996
HSA-MIR-181D-5P99.9973.042997
HSA-MIR-477599.9875.006394
HSA-MIR-590-3P99.9674.346478
HSA-MIR-311999.9271.342390
HSA-MIR-430299.8967.941187
HSA-MIR-6817-3P99.7968.352126
HSA-MIR-3942-3P99.5769.032854
HSA-MIR-1212399.5271.792990
HSA-MIR-471098.6165.961048
HSA-MIR-3689A-5P98.3570.121049
HSA-MIR-3689B-5P98.3570.121049
HSA-MIR-3689E98.3570.121049
HSA-MIR-3689F98.3570.081052
HSA-MIR-6841-3P98.0866.54604
HSA-MIR-6815-5P96.0565.55662
HSA-MIR-6865-5P96.0565.58675

Literature-anchored findings (GeneRIF, showing 40)

  • crystallization and preliminary crystallographic characterization of the extracellular Ig-like domain of human natural killer cell activating receptor (PMID:12351833)
  • The human TREM gene cluster at 6p21.1 encodes both activating and inhibitory single IgV domain receptors and includes NKp44. (PMID:12645956)
  • homology of the gene on chromosome 6, close to MHC class I loci to the most common bacterium in postdiarrheal Reiter’s syndrome may be significan (PMID:12653925)
  • Selective cross-talk among natural cytotoxicity receptors (NKp46, NKp30 and NKp44) in human natural killer cells. (PMID:12731048)
  • The 2.2 A crystal structure of NKp44 presented here shows that the NKp44 Ig domain forms a saddle-shaped dimer, where a charged surface groove protrudes from the core structure in each subunit. (PMID:12791260)
  • All activating properties and surface expression of NKp44 are mediated through its association with DNAX-activation protein 12 (DAP12) in NK cells, and the cytoplasmic inhibitory domain of NKp44 does not appear to attenuate activating function. (PMID:14707061)
  • NKG2D, NKp30, NKp44, and NKp46 acitvation affected by ligand-negative phenotype in bone marrow-derived progenitor cells, acquisition of cell-surface ligands during myeloid differentiation, defective expression of ligands on malignant transformation (PMID:15657183)
  • NKp44 is not only a triggering molecule essential for antitumor activity but is also a surface receptor involved in natural killer cell suicide. (PMID:15728472)
  • NKp44 is present on a subset of natural interferon-producing cells (IPCs) in tonsils. Crosslinking of NKp44 does not trigger IPC-mediated cytotoxicity but, paradoxically, inhibits IFN-alpha production by IPCs in response to CpG oligonucleotides. (PMID:15941912)
  • Freshly isolated natural killer (NK) cells are NKp44 negative; lysis of porcine endothelial cells mediated by activated human NK cells depends on both NKp44 and NKG2D (PMID:16210654)
  • Characterization of the recognition of tumor cells by NKP44 is reported. (PMID:17536787)
  • Determined expressions of NKp44 in decidual natural killer cells in patients having spontaneous abortions. (PMID:18023431)
  • Recombinant NKp44 recognizes H5-expressing cells and specifically interacts with soluble H5 hemagglutinin. (PMID:18077718)
  • Expression of NKp30 and NKp44 ligands was variable and did not correlate with the origin of the cell line. Expression of NKp30 and NKp44 ligand correlated with NKp30 and NKp44-mediated NK cell lysis of tumor cells, respectively (PMID:18092004)
  • Natural killer (NK)-activating receptor NKp44 is involved in virally mediated NK activation through direct interaction with the flavivirus envelope protein. (PMID:19635919)
  • The balance of NKp44(+)/NKp46(+) NK cells is disrupted in intestinal mucosa of patients with Crohn’s disease. (PMID:20638936)
  • Data show that pDCs isolated from peripheral blood of systemic lupus erithematosus (SLE) patients express lower levels of LAIR-1 while displaying slight but consistent expression of NKp44. (PMID:21151495)
  • We demonstrate that PCNA promotes cancer survival by immune evasion through inhibition of NKp44-mediated NK cell attack. (PMID:22021614)
  • a precise analysis of clinical data showed a correlation between decreased NCR expression and poor prognosis factors such as low haemoglobin level, high (>30x10(9) per litre) lymphocyte count or elevated C-reactive protein (PMID:22044312)
  • These data show that the Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus ORF54 product downregulates the NKp44 ligand and that the NKp44-NKp44 ligand signaling pathway contributes to antiviral immunity. (PMID:22674989)
  • Natural cytotoxicity receptors play a major role in the recognition by NK cells of cancer stem cells targets. (PMID:23345327)
  • Novel interaction between proliferating cell nuclear antigen and HLA I on the surface of tumor cells inhibits NK cell function through NKp44. (PMID:23527218)
  • While interaction of TLR2 with mycobacterial cell wall promotes activation of resting NK cells and IFN-gamma production, NKp44 interaction with its putative ligands could play a secondary role in maintaining cell activation (PMID:23578092)
  • triggering in RORgammat-positive innate lymphoid cells selectively activates a proinflammatory program (PMID:23791642)
  • Natural killer cells in HIV controller patients express an activated effector phenotype and do not up-regulate NKp44 on IL-2 stimulation. (PMID:23818644)
  • MLL5 is a cellular ligand for the natural cytotoxicity receptor NKp44. (PMID:23958951)
  • Expression of NKp44 ligand by normal articular chondrocytes is not involved in their killing by unstimulated NK cells; however, it is responsible for anti-chondrocyte cytotoxicity mediated by long-term activated NK cells. (PMID:24044960)
  • demonstrated that the mitogen and iK562 exposure to peripheral blood mononuclear cells can significantly improve NK activity which is co-related to the higher expression of NKp44 and NKG2D (PMID:24154937)
  • NKp44+ ILC3 are expressed in human skin and blood and may have a role in psoriasis pathogenesis (PMID:24352038)
  • NCR(+) ILC3 from skin and blood of psoriasis patients produced IL-22, which is regarded as a key driver of epidermal thickening, suggesting that NCR(+) ILC3 may participate in psoriasis pathology. (PMID:24658504)
  • Balance between activating NKG2D, DNAM-1, NKp44 and NKp46 and inhibitory CD94/NKG2A receptors determine natural killer degranulation towards rheumatoid arthritis synovial fibroblasts. (PMID:24673109)
  • On CD56(+) CD3(-) cells, NKp44 and NKp46 expressions were high in the acute hepatitis E patients, whereas NKp30, NKp44, NKp46 and NKG2D were high in the recovered individuals. (PMID:24824867)
  • NKp44-1 expression was significantly associated with poor survival of AML patients. Moreover, activation of PBMC from healthy controls showed co-dominant expression of NKp44-1 and NKp44-3, while primary NK clones show more diverse NKp44 splice variant profiles. (PMID:27102296)
  • NKp44 and NKp30 splice variants profiles are tissue/condition specific and demonstrate similarity between placenta and cancerous tissues. (PMID:27765926)
  • Increased expression of p44 natural killer cell receptor (NKp44 ) was associated earlier stages of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). (PMID:29247708)
  • Study identified a novel ligand for NKp44 on astrocytes. Expression of this novel ligand decreased with increasing HIV-3S peptide concentration and blocking this novel ligand decreased NK cell killing. NK cell killing of astrocytes was decreased when astrocytes were incubated with HIV-3S peptide. NKp44 has a protective effect on astrocytes from NK cell mediated killing during HIV infection and impact astrocyte’s role. (PMID:29447242)
  • The regulation of T cell proliferation during HPIV3 infection is mediated via NK receptors NKp44 and NKp46 and involves the surface glycoprotein haemagglutinin-neuraminidase but not the fusion protein of the virus. (PMID:29683419)
  • We therefore identified the NKp44 binding site to PCNA and further developed an NKp44-peptide-based agent that can inhibit tumor growth through interfering with the function of intracellular PCNA in the tumor cell. (PMID:29875773)
  • NKp44-NKp44 Ligand Interactions in the Regulation of Natural Killer Cells and Other Innate Lymphoid Cells in Humans. (PMID:31024551)
  • The Natural Cytotoxicity Receptors in Health and Disease. (PMID:31134055)

Cross-species orthologs

0 orthologs

Paralogs (2): TREML2 (ENSG00000112195), TREML4 (ENSG00000188056)

Protein

Protein identifiers

Natural cytotoxicity triggering receptor 2O95944 (reviewed: O95944)

Alternative names: Lymphocyte antigen 95 homolog, NK cell-activating receptor, Natural killer cell p44-related protein

All UniProt accessions (1): O95944

UniProt curated annotations — full annotation on UniProt →

Function. Cytotoxicity-activating receptor that may contribute to the increased efficiency of activated natural killer (NK) cells to mediate tumor cell lysis.

Subunit / interactions. Interacts with TYROBP/DAP12. Interacts with KMT2E isoform NKp44L.

Subcellular location. Cell membrane.

Tissue specificity. Selectively expressed by activated NK cells and by in vitro cultured (i.e. activated) TCRg/d lymphoid cells.

Similarity. Belongs to the natural cytotoxicity receptor (NCR) family.

Isoforms (3)

UniProt IDNamesCanonical?
O95944-11yes
O95944-22, NKp44RG2
O95944-33, NKp44RG1

RefSeq proteins (3): NP_001186438, NP_001186439, NP_004819* (*=MANE)

Domains & families (InterPro)

IDNameType
IPR003599Ig_subDomain
IPR007110Ig-like_domDomain
IPR013106Ig_V-setDomain
IPR013783Ig-like_foldHomologous_superfamily
IPR036179Ig-like_dom_sfHomologous_superfamily
IPR052314Immune_rcpt_domainFamily

Pfam: PF07686

UniProt features (29 total): strand 8, sequence variant 4, disulfide bond 2, splice variant 2, topological domain 2, turn 2, compositionally biased region 2, signal peptide 1, chain 1, helix 1, transmembrane region 1, domain 1, region of interest 1, glycosylation site 1

Structure

Experimental structures (PDB)

1 structures.

PDBMethodResolution (Å)
1HKFX-RAY DIFFRACTION2.2

Predicted structure (AlphaFold)

ModelpLDDTFraction very-high
AF-O95944-F174.970.40

Functional residue map

Curated UniProt residues grouped by drug-discovery relevance — catalytic, ligand-binding, modification, and mutation-validated positions. Source: UniProtKB sequence features.

Disulfide bonds (2): 40–109, 55–63

Glycosylation sites (1): 180

Function

Pathways and Gene Ontology

Reactome pathways

5 pathways

IDPathway
R-HSA-198933Immunoregulatory interactions between a Lymphoid and a non-Lymphoid cell
R-HSA-2172127DAP12 interactions
R-HSA-1280218Adaptive Immune System
R-HSA-168249Innate Immune System
R-HSA-168256Immune System

MSigDB gene sets: 37 (showing top): REACTOME_INNATE_IMMUNE_SYSTEM, REACTOME_ADAPTIVE_IMMUNE_SYSTEM, GOCC_CELL_SURFACE, GOBP_CELLULAR_DEFENSE_RESPONSE, GOMF_TRANSMEMBRANE_SIGNALING_RECEPTOR_ACTIVITY, MOREAUX_MULTIPLE_MYELOMA_BY_TACI_UP, SU_PANCREAS, HUTTMANN_B_CLL_POOR_SURVIVAL_UP, ZWANG_DOWN_BY_2ND_EGF_PULSE, REACTOME_DAP12_INTERACTIONS, PBXIP1_TARGET_GENES, MIR3942_3P, MIR4302, MIR6841_3P, GSE1460_INTRATHYMIC_T_PROGENITOR_VS_NAIVE_CD4_TCELL_CORD_BLOOD_DN

GO Biological Process (2): cellular defense response (GO:0006968), signal transduction (GO:0007165)

GO Molecular Function (3): transmembrane signaling receptor activity (GO:0004888), signaling receptor activity (GO:0038023), protein binding (GO:0005515)

GO Cellular Component (3): plasma membrane (GO:0005886), cell surface (GO:0009986), membrane (GO:0016020)

Reactome top-level categories

Rollup of top-3 pathways:

CategoryPathways
Immune System2
Adaptive Immune System1
Innate Immune System1

GO top-level categories

Rollup of top GO terms by namespace:

CategoryTerms
cellular anatomical structure2
defense response1
cell communication1
cellular process1
signaling1
regulation of cellular process1
cellular response to stimulus1
signaling receptor activity1
molecular transducer activity1
binding1
membrane1
cell periphery1

Protein interactions and networks

STRING

1026 interactions, top by confidence (×1000):

Protein AProtein BPartner UniProtScore
NCR2TYROBPO43914997
NCR2NCR1O76036995
NCR2NCR3O14931995
NCR2KMT2EQ8IZD2979
NCR2NCR3LG1Q68D85971
NCR2KLRK1P26718963
NCR2NID1P14543953
NCR2CD247P20963935
NCR2MICBP79525932
NCR2FCGR3AP08637893
NCR2NCAM1P13591893
NCR2FCER1GP30273877
NCR2FCGR3BO75015872
NCR2PRF1P14222867
NCR2HCSTQ9UBK5852

IntAct

16 interactions, top by confidence:

ABTypeScore
PCNANCR2psi-mi:“MI:0407”(direct interaction)0.670
PCNANCR2psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)0.670
NCR2KMT2Epsi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)0.610
KMT2ENCR2psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)0.610
NCR2TYROBPpsi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)0.590
B2MNCR2psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)0.400
NCR2KMT2Epsi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)0.400

BioGRID (3): NCR2 (Affinity Capture-MS), NCR2 (Synthetic Lethality), TYROBP (Affinity Capture-Western)

ESM2 similar proteins: A2A7V7, A2TGX5, A5D7B2, A8K4G0, B6A8R8, C0HJX2, C0HJX3, O15389, O43699, O95944, P12318, P20138, P24071, P27645, P43626, P43627, P43628, P43629, P43630, P43631, P43632, P50283, Q1ERP8, Q3LRV9, Q3U497, Q566E6, Q60513, Q6DN72, Q6SJQ0, Q6SJQ5, Q6SJQ7, Q6UXG3, Q6UXN2, Q6UXZ3, Q7TSN2, Q8K249, Q8N109, Q8NHK3, Q8R4Y0, Q8SPV8

Diamond homologs: A0A0K2S4Q6, A2A7V7, A2TGX5, A5D7B2, O70570, O95944, P01832, P01833, P0DUB1, P81265, Q08708, Q1ERP8, Q2TB54, Q3U497, Q496F6, Q566E6, Q6SJQ0, Q6SJQ5, Q6SJQ7, Q6UXG3, Q6UXZ3, Q7TSN2, Q8K249, Q8TDQ1, Q8VCH2, Q9UGN4, A8K4G0, G3X8R9, P0DMS9, P15083, Q2LA85, Q3LRV9, Q5RDA5, Q5T2D2, Q6UXN2, Q99NH8, Q9JKE2, A1KXC4, O60667, Q29244

SIGNOR signaling

4 interactions.

AEffectBMechanism
KMT2E“up-regulates activity”NCR2binding
PCNA“down-regulates activity”NCR2binding
NCR2up-regulatesImmune_response

Disease & clinical

Clinical variants and AI predictions

ClinVar

49 variants total. Per-class counts are floors (≥ shown; pagination cap):

ClassificationCount (floor)
Pathogenic0
Likely pathogenic0
Uncertain significance41
Likely benign4
Benign3

Top pathogenic / likely-pathogenic (0)

SpliceAI

531 predictions. Top by Δscore:

VariantEffectΔscore
6:41341792:A:AGacceptor_gain0.9900
6:41341793:G:GAacceptor_gain0.9900
6:41341793:GCCT:Gacceptor_gain0.9900
6:41341930:G:GGdonor_gain0.9900
6:41335924:CCCAG:Cdonor_loss0.9800
6:41335925:CCAG:Cdonor_loss0.9800
6:41335926:CAGG:Cdonor_loss0.9800
6:41335927:AGGT:Adonor_loss0.9800
6:41335928:GGT:Gdonor_loss0.9800
6:41335929:GTGAG:Gdonor_loss0.9800
6:41335930:T:Gdonor_loss0.9800
6:41341788:T:TAacceptor_gain0.9800
6:41341793:GCCTC:Gacceptor_gain0.9800
6:41341892:GCCCC:Gdonor_gain0.9800
6:41350676:AGGG:Aacceptor_gain0.9800
6:41350677:GGGG:Gacceptor_gain0.9800
6:41341793:GC:Gacceptor_gain0.9700
6:41350672:TTGCA:Tacceptor_loss0.9700
6:41350673:TGCA:Tacceptor_loss0.9700
6:41350674:GCAG:Gacceptor_loss0.9700
6:41350675:CA:Cacceptor_loss0.9700
6:41350676:A:Gacceptor_loss0.9700
6:41350676:AGG:Aacceptor_gain0.9700
6:41350676:AGGGG:Aacceptor_gain0.9700
6:41350677:GGG:Gacceptor_gain0.9700
6:41350677:GGGGG:Gacceptor_gain0.9700
6:41341793:GCC:Gacceptor_gain0.9600
6:41350676:AG:Aacceptor_gain0.9600
6:41350677:GG:Gacceptor_gain0.9600
6:41341790:GCA:Gacceptor_loss0.9500

AlphaMissense

1755 scored. Top likely-pathogenic:

VariantProtein changeam_pathogenicity
6:41336315:T:AV94D0.991
6:41336359:T:AC109S0.988
6:41336360:G:CC109S0.988
6:41336196:G:CW54C0.987
6:41336196:G:TW54C0.987
6:41336152:T:AC40S0.986
6:41336153:G:CC40S0.986
6:41336190:A:CK52N0.983
6:41336190:A:TK52N0.983
6:41336159:A:GY42C0.981
6:41336342:A:GD103G0.980
6:41336239:A:CS69R0.979
6:41336241:C:AS69R0.979
6:41336241:C:GS69R0.979
6:41336342:A:CD103A0.979
6:41336194:T:AW54R0.978
6:41336194:T:CW54R0.978
6:41336197:T:AC55S0.978
6:41336198:G:CC55S0.978
6:41336221:T:AC63S0.978
6:41336222:G:CC63S0.978
6:41336287:G:CD85H0.977
6:41336353:T:GY107D0.977
6:41336359:T:CC109R0.977
6:41336354:A:GY107C0.975
6:41336152:T:CC40R0.974
6:41336202:G:CK56N0.974
6:41336202:G:TK56N0.974
6:41336342:A:TD103V0.974
6:41336222:G:AC63Y0.971

dbSNP variants (sampled 300 via entrez): RS1000061826 (6:41342943 C>T), RS1000162014 (6:41342758 G>A), RS1000356073 (6:41348189 C>A), RS1000720632 (6:41336844 G>C), RS1000790741 (6:41348019 C>G), RS1000812727 (6:41334402 G>C,T), RS1001181486 (6:41334185 C>A), RS1001387212 (6:41339211 G>A), RS1001783558 (6:41341776 C>A,G,T), RS1002044578 (6:41346603 C>G,T), RS1002188802 (6:41344430 C>G,T), RS1002313553 (6:41349478 T>C), RS1002365619 (6:41349769 G>A), RS1002417087 (6:41347015 C>T), RS1002468910 (6:41339189 G>A)

Disease associations

OMIM: gene MIM:604531 | disease phenotypes:

GenCC curated gene-disease

Mondo (0):

Orphanet (0):

HPO phenotypes

0 total (0 of 0 shown, HPO-id order):

GWAS associations

4 associations (top):

StudyTraitp-value
GCST000898_5Total ventricular volume2.000000e-06
GCST001888_2Periodontitis8.000000e-08
GCST001951_6Alzheimer’s disease biomarkers4.000000e-08
GCST005143_2Telomere length1.000000e-06

EFO canonical traits (1, from GWAS)

EFO IDTrait name
EFO:0004763p-tau measurement

Drugs & pharmacology

Drug and pharmacology data

Is drug target: no

PharmGKB: 1 entry (VIP=true, CPIC=false)

CTD chemical–gene interactions

10 total (human), top 10 by PubMed support.

ChemicalActions (top 5)PubMed papers
GSK-J4decreases expression1
pentanalincreases expression1
Resveratrolaffects cotreatment, decreases expression1
Benzo(a)pyreneaffects methylation1
Estradiolaffects cotreatment, increases expression1
Mycophenolic Aciddecreases expression1
Ozonedecreases expression1
Plant Extractsaffects cotreatment, decreases expression1
Progesteroneaffects cotreatment, increases expression1
Zinc Sulfateincreases expression1

Clinical trials (associated diseases)

0 trials via MONDO — disease-level, not drug-specific.

No linked Atlas pages yet — the cross-entity mesh grows as the corpus expands.