NDUFB4

Summary

NDUFB4 (NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit B4, HGNC:7699) is a protein-coding gene on chromosome 3q13.33, encoding NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 4 (O95168). Accessory subunit of the mitochondrial membrane respiratory chain NADH dehydrogenase (Complex I), that is believed not to be involved in catalysis. It is a selective cancer dependency (DepMap: 54.0% of cell lines).

This gene encodes a non-catalytic subunit of the multisubunit NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase, the first enzyme complex in the mitochondrial electron transport chain (complex I). Mammalian complex I is composed of 45 different subunits and transfers electrons from NADH to ubiquinone.

Source: NCBI Gene 4710 — RefSeq curated summary.

At a glance

• Clinical variants (ClinVar): 12 total
• Druggable target: yes
• Cancer dependency (DepMap): dependent in 54.0% of screened cell lines
• MANE Select transcript: NM_004547

Identifiers

Gene identifiers

Field	Value
HGNC ID	HGNC:7699
Approved symbol	NDUFB4
Name	NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit B4
Location	3q13.33
Locus type	gene with protein product
Status	Approved
Aliases	B15
Ensembl gene	ENSG00000065518
Ensembl biotype	protein_coding
OMIM	603840
Entrez	4710

Gene structure

Transcript identifiers

Ensembl transcripts: 10 — 7 protein_coding, 2 nonsense_mediated_decay, 1 retained_intron

ENST00000184266, ENST00000461682, ENST00000485064, ENST00000491335, ENST00000492739, ENST00000496588, ENST00000852496, ENST00000925563, ENST00000925564, ENST00000925565

RefSeq mRNA: 2 — MANE Select: NM_004547 NM_001168331, NM_004547

CCDS: CCDS2999, CCDS54630

Canonical transcript exons

ENST00000184266 — 3 exons

Exon	Start	End
ENSE00001732823	120596336	120596539
ENSE00001859930	120602208	120602507
ENSE00003554169	120601111	120601257

Expression profiles

Bgee: expression breadth ubiquitous, 291 present calls, max score 99.88.

FANTOM5 (CAGE): breadth ubiquitous, TPM avg 183.3027 / max 1420.8804, expressed in 1826 samples.

FANTOM5 promoters (3 alternative TSS)

Promoter ID	TPM avg	Samples expressed
38175	168.9649	1826
38173	11.7504	1782
38174	2.5875	1413

Top tissues by expression

292 total, by Bgee expression score (0-100, higher = more expressed):

Tissue	Anatomy ID	Expression score	Quality
heart right ventricle	UBERON:0002080	99.88	gold quality
biceps brachii	UBERON:0001507	99.72	gold quality
skeletal muscle tissue of biceps brachii	UBERON:0004502	99.65	gold quality
skeletal muscle tissue of rectus abdominis	UBERON:0004511	99.63	gold quality
body of tongue	UBERON:0011876	99.62	gold quality
adult organism	UBERON:0007023	99.61	gold quality
diaphragm	UBERON:0001103	99.58	gold quality
triceps brachii	UBERON:0001509	99.56	gold quality
vena cava	UBERON:0004087	99.51	gold quality
mucosa of sigmoid colon	UBERON:0004993	99.49	gold quality
cerebellar vermis	UBERON:0004720	99.48	gold quality
pons	UBERON:0000988	99.47	gold quality
gluteal muscle	UBERON:0002000	99.41	gold quality
penis	UBERON:0000989	99.40	gold quality
right adrenal gland	UBERON:0001233	99.40	gold quality
right adrenal gland cortex	UBERON:0035827	99.39	gold quality
renal medulla	UBERON:0000362	99.38	gold quality
tongue	UBERON:0001723	99.37	gold quality
pharyngeal mucosa	UBERON:0000355	99.36	gold quality
adrenal cortex	UBERON:0001235	99.35	gold quality
left adrenal gland	UBERON:0001234	99.33	gold quality
cauda epididymis	UBERON:0004360	99.33	gold quality
left adrenal gland cortex	UBERON:0035825	99.32	gold quality
hindlimb stylopod muscle	UBERON:0004252	99.31	gold quality
corpus epididymis	UBERON:0004359	99.29	gold quality
superior surface of tongue	UBERON:0007371	99.29	gold quality
colonic mucosa	UBERON:0000317	99.28	gold quality
type B pancreatic cell	CL:0000169	99.27	gold quality
caput epididymis	UBERON:0004358	99.24	gold quality
thymus	UBERON:0002370	99.23	gold quality

Single-cell (SCXA)

Detected in 2 experiment(s), a significant marker in 2.

Experiment	Marker?	Max mean expression
E-MTAB-6701	yes	18.55
E-ANND-3	no	0.00

Regulation

Is transcription factor: no

miRNA regulators (miRDB)

11 targeting NDUFB4, top 30 by miRDB confidence (max_score; target_count = how many genes the miRNA targets in total — lower means more specific):

miRNA	Max score	Avg score	miRNA target_count
HSA-MIR-302C-5P	99.97	72.56	3642
HSA-MIR-3143	99.93	71.96	3104
HSA-MIR-609	99.82	64.26	505
HSA-MIR-8084	99.73	69.57	1760
HSA-MIR-3182	99.40	68.15	2454
HSA-MIR-940	99.37	66.14	2064
HSA-MIR-6808-5P	99.31	66.23	2150
HSA-MIR-6893-5P	99.31	66.25	2119
HSA-MIR-580-5P	99.28	70.94	1776
HSA-MIR-633	98.35	69.45	1167
HSA-MIR-4694-5P	94.62	65.39	532

Functional genomics

DepMap (CRISPR cell-line fitness): dependent in 54.0% of screened cell lines.

Literature-anchored findings (GeneRIF, showing 1)

• Accessory subunit NDUFB4 participates in mitochondrial complex I supercomplex formation. (PMID:38211818)

Cross-species orthologs

9 orthologs

Organism	Symbol	Gene ID
danio_rerio	ndufb4	ENSDARG00000019332
mus_musculus	Ndufb4	ENSMUSG00000022820
rattus_norvegicus	Ndufb4	ENSRNOG00000002721
rattus_norvegicus	Ndufb4l4	ENSRNOG00000034182
rattus_norvegicus	Ndufb4l1	ENSRNOG00000034289
rattus_norvegicus	LOC120094308	ENSRNOG00000065044
rattus_norvegicus	Ndufb4l3	ENSRNOG00000088815
drosophila_melanogaster	ND-B15	FBGN0033961
caenorhabditis_elegans	nuo-6	WBGENE00012166

Protein

Protein identifiers

NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 4 — O95168 (reviewed: O95168)

Alternative names: Complex I-B15, NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase B15 subunit

All UniProt accessions (3): O95168, C9JXQ9, F2Z3P9

UniProt curated annotations — full annotation on UniProt →

Function. Accessory subunit of the mitochondrial membrane respiratory chain NADH dehydrogenase (Complex I), that is believed not to be involved in catalysis. Complex I functions in the transfer of electrons from NADH to the respiratory chain. The immediate electron acceptor for the enzyme is believed to be ubiquinone.

Subunit / interactions. Complex I is composed of 45 different subunits.

Subcellular location. Mitochondrion inner membrane.

Similarity. Belongs to the complex I NDUFB4 subunit family.

Isoforms (2)

UniProt ID	Names	Canonical?
O95168-1	1	yes
O95168-2	2

RefSeq proteins (2): NP_001161803, NP_004538* (*=MANE)

Domains & families (InterPro)

ID	Name	Type
IPR009866	NADH_UbQ_OxRdtase_NDUFB4_su	Family

Pfam: PF07225

UniProt features (6 total): modified residue 2, initiator methionine 1, chain 1, transmembrane region 1, splice variant 1

Structure

Experimental structures (PDB)

7 structures.

PDB	Method	Resolution (Å)
9I4I	ELECTRON MICROSCOPY	2.63
9TI4	ELECTRON MICROSCOPY	2.66
9CWT	ELECTRON MICROSCOPY	3.44
5XTC	ELECTRON MICROSCOPY	3.7
5XTD	ELECTRON MICROSCOPY	3.7
5XTH	ELECTRON MICROSCOPY	3.9
5XTI	ELECTRON MICROSCOPY	17.4

Predicted structure (AlphaFold)

Model	pLDDT	Fraction very-high
AF-O95168-F1	94.56	0.90

Functional residue map

Curated UniProt residues grouped by drug-discovery relevance — catalytic, ligand-binding, modification, and mutation-validated positions. Source: UniProtKB sequence features.

Post-translational modifications (2): 2, 26

Function

Pathways and Gene Ontology

Reactome pathways

4 pathways

ID	Pathway
R-HSA-611105	Respiratory electron transport
R-HSA-6799198	Complex I biogenesis
R-HSA-1428517	Aerobic respiration and respiratory electron transport
R-HSA-1430728	Metabolism

MSigDB gene sets: 166 (showing top): STARK_PREFRONTAL_CORTEX_22Q11_DELETION_DN, GRAESSMANN_APOPTOSIS_BY_DOXORUBICIN_DN, GOBP_ORGANOPHOSPHATE_METABOLIC_PROCESS, GOBP_NUCLEOSIDE_PHOSPHATE_BIOSYNTHETIC_PROCESS, GOBP_ORGANOPHOSPHATE_BIOSYNTHETIC_PROCESS, GOBP_CARBOHYDRATE_DERIVATIVE_METABOLIC_PROCESS, GOBP_MONOATOMIC_CATION_TRANSPORT, GOBP_NUCLEOBASE_CONTAINING_SMALL_MOLECULE_METABOLIC_PROCESS, GOBP_GENERATION_OF_PRECURSOR_METABOLITES_AND_ENERGY, GOBP_ATP_BIOSYNTHETIC_PROCESS, GOBP_OXIDATIVE_PHOSPHORYLATION, GOBP_CARBOHYDRATE_DERIVATIVE_BIOSYNTHETIC_PROCESS, GOBP_NUCLEOSIDE_TRIPHOSPHATE_METABOLIC_PROCESS, GOBP_NUCLEOSIDE_TRIPHOSPHATE_BIOSYNTHETIC_PROCESS, GOBP_ELECTRON_TRANSPORT_CHAIN

GO Biological Process (4): mitochondrial electron transport, NADH to ubiquinone (GO:0006120), aerobic respiration (GO:0009060), proton motive force-driven mitochondrial ATP synthesis (GO:0042776), proton transmembrane transport (GO:1902600)

GO Molecular Function (1): NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) activity (GO:0008137)

GO Cellular Component (5): nucleoplasm (GO:0005654), mitochondrion (GO:0005739), mitochondrial inner membrane (GO:0005743), respiratory chain complex I (GO:0045271), membrane (GO:0016020)

Reactome top-level categories

Rollup of top-3 pathways:

Category	Pathways
Aerobic respiration and respiratory electron transport	1
Respiratory electron transport	1
Metabolism	1

GO top-level categories

Rollup of top GO terms by namespace:

Category	Terms
cellular anatomical structure	2
aerobic electron transport chain	1
mitochondrial ATP synthesis coupled electron transport	1
cellular respiration	1
mitochondrion	1
oxidative phosphorylation	1
proton motive force-driven ATP synthesis	1
monoatomic cation transmembrane transport	1
NADH dehydrogenase activity	1
electron transfer activity	1
proton transmembrane transporter activity	1
oxidoreduction-driven active transmembrane transporter activity	1
oxidoreductase activity, acting on NAD(P)H, quinone or similar compound as acceptor	1
active monoatomic ion transmembrane transporter activity	1
nuclear lumen	1
cytoplasm	1
intracellular membrane-bounded organelle	1
organelle inner membrane	1
mitochondrial membrane	1
NADH dehydrogenase complex	1
respiratory chain complex	1
transmembrane transporter complex	1

Protein interactions and networks

STRING

1536 interactions, top by confidence (×1000):

Protein A	Protein B	Partner UniProt	Score
NDUFB4	NDUFB10	O96000	980
NDUFB4	NDUFB2	O95178	973
NDUFB4	NDUFA10	O95299	949
NDUFB4	NDUFA7	O95182	928
NDUFB4	NDUFA2	O43678	898
NDUFB4	NDUFB6	O95139	889
NDUFB4	NDUFB5	O43674	884
NDUFB4	NDUFB11	Q9NX14	876
NDUFB4	NDUFB9	Q9Y6M9	869
NDUFB4	NDUFB1	O75438	845
NDUFB4	UQCRQ	O14949	839
NDUFB4	NDUFA6	P56556	833
NDUFB4	MT-ND4	P03905	785
NDUFB4	NDUFB7	P17568	746
NDUFB4	NDUFB3	O43676	741

IntAct

75 interactions, top by confidence:

A	B	Type	Score
NDUFS3	NDUFS8	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.730
NDUFS6	NDUFS8	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.640
ENPP6	SCAMP1	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.640
NDUFA9	NDUFS4	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.640
NDUFS5	NDUFS8	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
NDUFA9	NDUFS8	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
TIMMDC1	NDUFS8	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
NDUFV2	NDUFS8	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
NDUFA8	NDUFS8	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
NDUFS5	NDUFS4	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
DNAJC30	NDUFS8	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
FUT1	NDUFS4	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
NDUFA12	NDUFS8	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
NDUFS4	NDUFS8	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
NDUFA11	NDUFS8	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
NDUFV1	NDUFS8	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
NDUFA6	NDUFS8	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
RIPK4	VWA8	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
MME		psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
HSCB	RBP5	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
KSR1		psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
ESR1	ESYT2	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350

BioGRID (140): NDUFB4 (Affinity Capture-MS), NDUFB4 (Affinity Capture-MS), NDUFB4 (Affinity Capture-MS), PHB (Co-fractionation), UQCRFS1 (Co-fractionation), VDAC1 (Co-fractionation), NDUFB4 (Proximity Label-MS), NDUFB4 (Affinity Capture-MS), NDUFB4 (Affinity Capture-MS), NDUFB4 (Affinity Capture-MS), NDUFB4 (Affinity Capture-MS), NDUFB4 (Affinity Capture-MS), NDUFB4 (Affinity Capture-MS), NDUFB4 (Affinity Capture-MS), NDUFB4 (Affinity Capture-MS)

ESM2 similar proteins: A1CMM2, A1DLB6, A2R065, A3LQD9, A4RC22, A5DM93, A5DTG8, A6R620, A6SAY2, A6ZUI6, A7EJE5, A7TFK6, A7TQM5, B3DFP2, B3LI56, C4R127, C5DIL2, C5E1G5, C5E368, C6Y4C1, C7GT24, C8Z970, O95168, P0CB71, P0CB72, P37267, P38958, P48305, Q0CGN5, Q0MQD4, Q0MQD5, Q0ULB7, Q1DHX9, Q2H4Y0, Q2KP58, Q2UE23, Q59QC6, Q5ACH7, Q5ASG4, Q6BI17

Diamond homologs: O95168, P0CB71, P0CB72, P48305, P48306, Q0MQD4, Q0MQD5, Q9CQC7

SIGNOR signaling

1 interactions.

A	Effect	B	Mechanism
NDUFB4	“form complex”	“NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase-Mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I”	binding

Enriched among interaction partners

Reactome pathways and GO biological processes over-represented among this gene’s 63 IntAct physical interaction partners (hypergeometric vs the genome-wide background, BH-FDR, gene-set size 15–500, ranked by fold). A functional readout of the neighbourhood — distinct from this gene’s own memberships above, and biased toward well-studied / hub proteins, so read it as themes rather than proof.

Reactome pathways:

Pathway	Partners	Fold	FDR
Complex I biogenesis	19	68.4×	3e-29
Respiratory electron transport	20	41.4×	2e-26
Aerobic respiration and respiratory electron transport	18	34.6×	4e-22

GO biological processes:

GO term	Partners	Fold	FDR
mitochondrial electron transport, NADH to ubiquinone	16	100.7×	2e-26
proton motive force-driven mitochondrial ATP synthesis	17	78.5×	2e-26
aerobic respiration	17	73.9×	4e-26
mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I assembly	7	50.5×	8e-09

Disease & clinical

Clinical variants and AI predictions

ClinVar

12 variants total. Per-class counts are floors (≥ shown; pagination cap):

Classification	Count (floor)
Pathogenic	0
Likely pathogenic	0
Uncertain significance	4
Likely benign	2
Benign	0

Top pathogenic / likely-pathogenic (0)

SpliceAI

286 predictions. Top by Δscore:

Variant	Effect	Δscore
3:120596538:TC:T	donor_gain	1.0000
3:120596540:G:GG	donor_gain	1.0000
3:120602207:GGATA:G	acceptor_gain	1.0000
3:120596494:A:T	donor_gain	0.9900
3:120596509:G:GG	donor_gain	0.9900
3:120596535:TCATC:T	donor_gain	0.9900
3:120596537:ATC:A	donor_gain	0.9900
3:120596537:ATCG:A	donor_loss	0.9900
3:120596538:TCG:T	donor_loss	0.9900
3:120596539:CGTGA:C	donor_loss	0.9900
3:120596540:GTGA:G	donor_loss	0.9900
3:120596541:T:TC	donor_loss	0.9900
3:120596542:GA:G	donor_loss	0.9900
3:120596543:AG:A	donor_loss	0.9900
3:120602205:CA:C	acceptor_loss	0.9900
3:120602206:A:AC	acceptor_loss	0.9900
3:120602206:A:AG	acceptor_gain	0.9900
3:120602206:AG:A	acceptor_gain	0.9900
3:120602207:G:GG	acceptor_gain	0.9900
3:120602207:G:GT	acceptor_loss	0.9900
3:120602207:GG:G	acceptor_gain	0.9900
3:120602207:GGAT:G	acceptor_gain	0.9900
3:120596508:A:AG	donor_gain	0.9800
3:120596536:CATC:C	donor_gain	0.9800
3:120596544:G:C	donor_loss	0.9800
3:120597691:A:AG	donor_gain	0.9800
3:120601106:TTTA:T	acceptor_loss	0.9800
3:120601107:TTA:T	acceptor_loss	0.9800
3:120601108:TAG:T	acceptor_loss	0.9800
3:120601256:GG:G	donor_gain	0.9800

AlphaMissense

818 scored. Top likely-pathogenic:

Variant	Protein change	am_pathogenicity
3:120596491:A:C	K44N	0.941
3:120596491:A:T	K44N	0.941
3:120596490:A:T	K44I	0.924
3:120601217:G:A	G96E	0.916
3:120601132:T:A	W68R	0.908
3:120601132:T:C	W68R	0.908
3:120601168:T:C	F80L	0.908
3:120601170:C:A	F80L	0.908
3:120601170:C:G	F80L	0.908
3:120601216:G:A	G96R	0.905
3:120601216:G:C	G96R	0.905
3:120601134:G:C	W68C	0.900
3:120601134:G:T	W68C	0.900
3:120601211:G:A	G94E	0.874
3:120596480:G:C	A41P	0.861
3:120601257:G:C	R109S	0.854
3:120601257:G:T	R109S	0.854
3:120601198:G:A	G90R	0.850
3:120601198:G:C	G90R	0.850
3:120602236:G:T	G119V	0.842
3:120601202:C:A	A91D	0.839
3:120596490:A:C	K44T	0.834
3:120596502:T:C	L48P	0.833
3:120601185:A:C	K85N	0.825
3:120601185:A:T	K85N	0.825
3:120601223:T:A	L98H	0.821
3:120601223:T:G	L98R	0.819
3:120601248:A:C	K106N	0.819
3:120601248:A:T	K106N	0.819
3:120596479:A:C	R40S	0.815

dbSNP variants (sampled 300 via entrez): RS1000043059 (3:120596963 A>G), RS1000521611 (3:120597239 C>T), RS1000927803 (3:120601571 C>G), RS1001026040 (3:120601992 C>T), RS1001960892 (3:120598584 G>A), RS1002013430 (3:120598828 A>C), RS1002789492 (3:120595424 G>A), RS1003020682 (3:120595294 C>T), RS1003148010 (3:120595038 C>A,T), RS1003582968 (3:120599710 A>G), RS1003915426 (3:120598947 G>A,C), RS1004266195 (3:120598605 G>C), RS1005034555 (3:120600802 A>G), RS1005535799 (3:120600041 T>G), RS1005746578 (3:120594422 C>T)

Disease associations

OMIM: gene MIM:603840 | disease phenotypes:

GenCC curated gene-disease

Mondo (0):

Orphanet (0):

HPO phenotypes

0 total (0 of 0 shown, HPO-id order):

GWAS associations

0 associations (top):

Drugs & pharmacology

Drug and pharmacology data

Is drug target: yes

ChEMBL targets (1): CHEMBL2363065 (PROTEIN COMPLEX)

PharmGKB: 1 entry (VIP=true, CPIC=false)

ChEMBL bioactivities

8 potent at pChembl≥5 of 18 total, top 8 by pChembl (potency: 10 = 0.1 nM, 6 = 1 µM).

pChembl	Type	Value	Unit	Molecule
6.06	IC50	870	nM	R-(+)-MARMIN-6’-UNDECANOATE
6.04	IC50	920	nM	R-(+)-MARMIN-6’-LINOLEATE
5.63	IC50	2350	nM	R-(+)-MARMIN-6’-LINOLEATE
5.51	IC50	3080	nM	R-(+)-MARMIN-6’-OCTANOATE
5.43	IC50	3670	nM	R-(+)-MARMIN-6’-UNDECANOATE
5.43	IC50	3710	nM	R-(+)-MARMIN-6’-OCTANOATE
5.31	IC50	4900	nM	(+)-9’-ISOVALEROXYLARICIRESINOL
5.04	IC50	9100	nM	(+)-9’-ISOVALEROXYLARICIRESINOL

PubChem BioAssay actives

8 with measured affinity, of 28 total; 4 most potent distinct compounds. Largely complementary to BindingDB; screening values are coarse (µM, 4 dp), so sub-nM hits tie at the floor.

Compound	Assay	Type	Value	Unit
[(E,3R)-2-hydroxy-2,6-dimethyl-8-(2-oxochromen-7-yl)oxyoct-6-en-3-yl] undecanoate	739270: Inhibition of mitochondrial ETC complex 1 in human T47D cells assessed as inhibition of 1% O2-induced HIF1 activation incubated for 30 mins prior to 1% O2-challenge measured after 16 hrs by luciferase reporter assay	ic50	0.8700	uM
[(E,3R)-2-hydroxy-2,6-dimethyl-8-(2-oxochromen-7-yl)oxyoct-6-en-3-yl] (9Z,12Z)-octadeca-9,12-dienoate	739270: Inhibition of mitochondrial ETC complex 1 in human T47D cells assessed as inhibition of 1% O2-induced HIF1 activation incubated for 30 mins prior to 1% O2-challenge measured after 16 hrs by luciferase reporter assay	ic50	0.9200	uM
[(E,3R)-2-hydroxy-2,6-dimethyl-8-(2-oxochromen-7-yl)oxyoct-6-en-3-yl] octanoate	739270: Inhibition of mitochondrial ETC complex 1 in human T47D cells assessed as inhibition of 1% O2-induced HIF1 activation incubated for 30 mins prior to 1% O2-challenge measured after 16 hrs by luciferase reporter assay	ic50	3.0800	uM
[(2S,3R,4R)-2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-4-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methyl]oxolan-3-yl]methyl 3-methylbutanoate	739269: Inhibition of mitochondrial ETC complex 1 in human T47D cells assessed as inhibition of 1,10-phenanthroline-induced HIF1 activation incubated for 30 mins prior to 1,10-phenanthroline-challenge measured after 16 hrs by luciferase reporter assay	ic50	4.9000	uM

CTD chemical–gene interactions

29 total (human), top 29 by PubMed support.

Chemical	Actions (top 5)	PubMed papers
bisphenol A	affects expression, increases expression	4
Acetaminophen	affects cotreatment, decreases expression	2
Valproic Acid	decreases expression	2
FR900359	increases phosphorylation	1
methylmercuric chloride	decreases expression	1
triphenyl phosphate	affects expression	1
O,O-diethyl O-3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridyl phosphate	affects expression, affects response to substance	1
arsenite	increases reaction, affects binding	1
sodium arsenite	increases expression	1
OSW 1	increases expression	1
Poly(amidoamine)	decreases expression	1
bisphenol S	increases expression	1
bisphenol AF	increases expression	1
Vorinostat	decreases expression	1
Air Pollutants	increases abundance, affects expression	1
Diethylhexyl Phthalate	decreases expression	1
Doxorubicin	decreases expression	1
Estradiol	decreases expression	1
Ivermectin	decreases expression	1
Lipopolysaccharides	affects cotreatment, decreases expression	1
Ozone	affects expression, increases abundance	1
Rotenone	increases expression	1
Tobacco Smoke Pollution	affects expression	1
Tretinoin	increases expression	1
Vincristine	decreases expression	1
Cyclosporine	decreases methylation	1
Sodium Selenite	increases expression	1
Cadmium Chloride	increases expression	1
Copper Sulfate	decreases expression	1

ChEMBL screening assays

4 unique, capped per target: 4 binding

Representative assays (with source publication via chembl_document):

Assay ID	Type	Description	Source paper
CHEMBL2353025	Binding	Inhibition of mitochondrial ETC complex 1 in human T47D cells assessed as inhibition of 1% O2-induced HIF1 activation at 30 uM incubated for 30 mins prior to 1% O2-challenge measured after 16 hrs by luciferase reporter assay	Semisynthetic studies identify mitochondria poisons from botanical dietary supplements–geranyloxycoumarins from Aegle marmelos. — Bioorg Med Chem

Clinical trials (associated diseases)

0 trials via MONDO — disease-level, not drug-specific.