NEAT1

Summary

NEAT1 (nuclear paraspeckle assembly transcript 1, HGNC:30815) is a long non-coding RNA gene on chromosome 11q13.1.

This gene produces a long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) transcribed from the multiple endocrine neoplasia locus. This lncRNA is retained in the nucleus where it forms the core structural component of the paraspeckle sub-organelles. It may act as a transcriptional regulator for numerous genes, including some genes involved in cancer progression.

Source: NCBI Gene 283131 — RefSeq curated summary.

At a glance

• Gene type: non-coding (lncRNA) — no protein product; not a drug target. Variant/disease associations are omitted (they would be positional, from an overlapping protein-coding gene).

Identifiers

Gene identifiers

Field	Value
HGNC ID	HGNC:30815
Approved symbol	NEAT1
Name	nuclear paraspeckle assembly transcript 1
Location	11q13.1
Locus type	RNA, long non-coding
Status	Approved
Aliases	TncRNA, MENepsilon/beta, LINC00084, VINC, TP53LC15
Ensembl gene	ENSG00000245532
Ensembl biotype	lncRNA
OMIM	612769
Entrez	283131
RNAcentral	URS000075DAEC — lncRNA, 3756 nt, 1 organism(s)

Gene structure

Transcript identifiers

Ensembl transcripts: 16 — 16 lncRNA

ENST00000499732, ENST00000501122, ENST00000601801, ENST00000612303, ENST00000616315, ENST00000642367, ENST00000645023, ENST00000646243, ENST00000670617, ENST00000717968, ENST00000813130, ENST00000813131, ENST00000813132, ENST00000813133, ENST00000813134, ENST00000813135

RefSeq mRNA: 0 — MANE Select: None

Canonical transcript exons

ENST00000499732 — 2 exons

Exon	Start	End
ENSE00004212882	65423627	65426526
ENSE00004212890	65422774	65423383

Expression profiles

Bgee: expression breadth ubiquitous, 266 present calls, max score 99.93.

FANTOM5 (CAGE): breadth ubiquitous, TPM avg 263.8015 / max 5704.4572, expressed in 1823 samples.

FANTOM5 promoters (8 alternative TSS)

Promoter ID	TPM avg	Samples expressed
115084	257.4969	1823
115090	1.7335	573
115089	1.5709	276
115086	1.1694	517
115087	0.7314	161
115085	0.6597	330
115083	0.2254	109
115088	0.2142	84

Top tissues by expression

287 total, by Bgee expression score (0-100, higher = more expressed):

Tissue	Anatomy ID	Expression score	Quality
right lobe of thyroid gland	UBERON:0001119	99.93	gold quality
left lobe of thyroid gland	UBERON:0001120	99.91	gold quality
nipple	UBERON:0002030	99.90	gold quality
renal medulla	UBERON:0000362	99.87	gold quality
minor salivary gland	UBERON:0001830	99.85	gold quality
cardia of stomach	UBERON:0001162	99.84	gold quality
right uterine tube	UBERON:0001302	99.84	gold quality
mucosa of paranasal sinus	UBERON:0005030	99.83	gold quality
right adrenal gland cortex	UBERON:0035827	99.83	gold quality
pharyngeal mucosa	UBERON:0000355	99.82	gold quality
synovial joint	UBERON:0002217	99.81	gold quality
visceral pleura	UBERON:0002401	99.81	gold quality
metanephros cortex	UBERON:0010533	99.81	gold quality
body of pancreas	UBERON:0001150	99.80	gold quality
right adrenal gland	UBERON:0001233	99.80	gold quality
skin of hip	UBERON:0001554	99.80	gold quality
saliva-secreting gland	UBERON:0001044	99.79	gold quality
mucosa of stomach	UBERON:0001199	99.79	gold quality
cauda epididymis	UBERON:0004360	99.79	gold quality
upper leg skin	UBERON:0004262	99.78	gold quality
colonic epithelium	UBERON:0000397	99.77	gold quality
jejunal mucosa	UBERON:0000399	99.77	gold quality
fundus of stomach	UBERON:0001160	99.77	gold quality
body of stomach	UBERON:0001161	99.77	gold quality
pylorus	UBERON:0001166	99.77	gold quality
left adrenal gland	UBERON:0001234	99.77	gold quality
adrenal cortex	UBERON:0001235	99.77	gold quality
small intestine Peyer’s patch	UBERON:0003454	99.77	gold quality
penis	UBERON:0000989	99.76	gold quality
tibial nerve	UBERON:0001323	99.76	gold quality

Single-cell (SCXA)

Detected in 10 experiment(s), a significant marker in 8.

Experiment	Marker?	Max mean expression
E-GEOD-180759	yes	21230.96
E-HCAD-35	yes	16340.87
E-CURD-119	yes	7605.16
E-MTAB-10662	yes	4954.18
E-HCAD-25	yes	3912.77
E-HCAD-30	yes	2405.64
E-MTAB-10287	yes	52.35
E-MTAB-9543	yes	14.97
E-GEOD-131882	no	10527.78
E-ANND-3	no	0.00

Regulation

Is transcription factor: yes

Downstream targets (CollecTRI)

1 targets.

Target	Regulation
CXCL8	Repression

Upstream regulators (CollecTRI, top): POU5F1, SFPQ

Literature-anchored findings (GeneRIF, showing 40)

• Results assign a biological function to a large noncoding nuclear RNA, NEAT1, in the regulation of mRNA export. (PMID:19716791)
• Data from high-resolution in situ hybridization of NEAT1 transcripts revealed a highly ordered organization of IGAZ/PSPs. (PMID:20881053)
• Data shsow that FRAP analyses supported a critical structural role for Men varepsilon/beta (also known as Neat1) ncRNAs in paraspeckle organization. (PMID:21170033)
• genes that were significantly downregulated were the lncRNA NEAT-1 (PMID:21532345)
• HNRNPK affects production of the essential NEAT1_2 isoform by negatively regulating its 3’-end polyadenylation by arresting CFIm complex binding near NEAT1_1’s alternative polyadenylation site. (PMID:22960638)
• Formation of triple-helical structures by the 3’-end sequences of MALAT1 and MENbeta noncoding RNAs, is reported. (PMID:23129630)
• Based on the findings from NEAT1 knockdown, authors have identified the nuclear paraspeckle body as another important subcellular organelle for HIV-1 replication. (PMID:23362321)
• NEAT1_2 long coding RNA may act as a scaffold of RNAs and RNA binding proteins in the nuclei of amyotrophic lateral scleoris motor neurons. (PMID:23835137)
• NEAT1 controls target gene transcription by protein sequestration into paraspeckles. (PMID:24173718)
• we demonstrate that NEAT1 mRNA expression is increased in the villous trophoblasts of IUGR term placentas compared to CTRL term placentas, probably concomitantly with an increase inparaspeckle number. (PMID:24280234)
• NEAT1 plays an important role in the innate immune response through the transcriptional regulation of antiviral genes by the stimulus-responsive cooperative action of NEAT1 and SFPQ. (PMID:24507715)
• Our results indicate that reduced expression of the nuclear long noncoding RNA NEAT1 may play a role in the myeloid differentiation of APL cells. (PMID:25245097)
• NEAT1 is overexpressed in prostate cancer, and drives oncogenic growth by altering the epigenetic landscape of target gene promoters to favour transcription. (PMID:25415230)
• Induction of NEAT1 in hypoxia also leads to accelerated cellular proliferation, improved clonogenic survival and reduced apoptosis (PMID:25417700)
• Paraspeckle formation proceeds in conjunction with NEAT1 lncRNA biogenesis and involves the cooperation of multiple paraspeckle-localized RNA-binding proteins. {review] (PMID:25553361)
• High NEAT1 expression is associated with metastasis in lung cancer. (PMID:25818739)
• subunits of SWItch/Sucrose NonFermentable (SWI/SNF) chromatin-remodeling complexes were identified as paraspeckle components that interact with PSPs and NEAT1 lncRNA (PMID:25831520)
• NEAT1 expression was positively correlated with patient age. (PMID:25854373)
• Long non-coding RNA is an important regulator in the pathophysiology of cardiovascular diseases. (PMID:25917923)
• Loss of NEAT1 expression is associated with chronic lymphocytic leukemia. (PMID:25971364)
• Study indicates that NEAT1 and MALAT1 may interact with HIV-1 in vivo. The correlation between plasma levels of NEAT1 and CD4 T-cell counts indicates that NEAT1 levels in plasma could be a potential biomarker for HIV-1 infection. (PMID:26139386)
• Our study demonstrates that NEAT1 acts as a pivotal player in tumorigenesis and metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma. (PMID:26191242)
• NEAT1 functions a molecular sponge for miR-449b-5p and leads to the upregulation of c-Met. This regulation menchaism promotes glioma pathogenesis and may provide a potential target for the prognosis and treatment of glioma. (PMID:26242266)
• expression of NEAT1 in colorectal cancer may play an oncogenic role in colorectal cancer differentiation, invasion and metastasis (PMID:26314847)
• demonstrated that reexpression of NEAT1 in miR-140 knockout adipocyte-derived stem cells is sufficient to restore their ability to undergo differentiation (PMID:26459763)
• Whole blood NEAT1 expression is a novel diagnostic and prognostic biomarker of overall survival in colorectal cancer. (PMID:26552600)
• This study supports NEAT1 as a potential prognostic predictor with its high expression in cancer tissues and its association with carcinogenesis and progression in glioma. (PMID:26582084)
• Results show that NEAT1 regulated CDK6 expression in laryngeal squamous cell cancer (LSCC) cells which was mediated by miR-107; NEAT1 plays an oncogenic role in the tumorigenesis of LSCC. (PMID:26822763)
• Increased expression of NEAT1 lncRNA promotes growth of gastric adenocarcinomas. (PMID:26911892)
• NEAT1 regulated mesenchymal transition (EMT)phenotype and radioresistance by modulating the miR-204/ZEB1 axis in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). (PMID:27020592)
• our research demonstrated that NEAT1 acts as a key regulator in human ovarian carcinogenesis and revealed two regulatory factors (HuR and miR-124-3p) of NEAT1 expression. (PMID:27075229)
• LncRNA NEAT1 plays an important role on gastric cancer tumorigenesis and progression and may act as a potential biomarker for therapeutic strategy and prognostic prediction (PMID:27095450)
• Its oncogenic activity is partially due to its repression of p21. and it may be a potential target for HCC therapy. (PMID:27154519)
• Study showed that NEAT1 could function as a competing endogenous lncRNA in lung cancer, mediating CTR1 by sponging hsa-mir-98-5p. (PMID:27270317)
• NEAT1 modulated the expression of E2F3 and MiR377 and promoted non small cell lung cancer progression. (PMID:27351135)
• NEAT1 is engaged in a negative feedback loop with p53 and thereby modulates cancer formation in mice by dampening oncogene-dependent activation of p53. Consistent with this finding, NEAT1 targeting sensitized established human cancer cells to both chemotherapy and p53 reactivation therapy. (PMID:27376578)
• Long noncoding RNA NEAT1 expression is increased in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients. (PMID:27481557)
• NEAT1 promoted oncogenesis by downregulating let-7e expression in glioma stem cells. (PMID:27556696)
• Suggest role for NEAT1 in endometrial endometrioid adenocarcinoma cell proliferation, invasion and migration at least partly via cell cycle regulation and modulation of several metastasis-related genes. (PMID:27664948)
• herpes simplex virus-1 infection increases NEAT1 expression and paraspeckle formation in a STAT3-dependent manner. (PMID:27783096)

Cross-species orthologs

0 orthologs

Protein

Non-coding RNA — no protein product; not a drug target.

Function

No curated pathway, Gene-Ontology, or interaction data.

Disease & clinical

No curated disease, variant, or cancer-driver associations.

Drugs & pharmacology

No drug or pharmacology data — not an established drug target.