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NEURL2

gene
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Also known as dJ337O18.6FLJ30259OzzOzz-E3

Summary

NEURL2 (neuralized E3 ubiquitin protein ligase 2, HGNC:16156) is a protein-coding gene on chromosome 20q13.12, encoding Neuralized-like protein 2 (Q9BR09). Plays an important role in the process of myofiber differentiation and maturation.

This gene encodes a protein that is involved in the regulation of myofibril organization. This protein is likely the adaptor component of the E3 ubiquitin ligase complex in striated muscle, and it regulates the ubiquitin-mediated degradation of beta-catenin during myogenesis. Alternative splicing of this gene results in multiple transcript variants.

Source: NCBI Gene 140825 — RefSeq curated summary.

At a glance

  • Clinical variants (ClinVar): 42 total
  • GTEx eGene: eQTL in 21 tissues, sQTL in 6 (q < 0.05)
  • Constraint (gnomAD): pLI 0.00 (LoF-tolerant), LOEUF 1.58 (unconstrained)
  • MANE Select transcript: NM_080749

Identifiers

Gene identifiers

FieldValue
HGNC IDHGNC:16156
Approved symbolNEURL2
Nameneuralized E3 ubiquitin protein ligase 2
Location20q13.12
Locus typegene with protein product
StatusApproved
AliasesdJ337O18.6, FLJ30259, Ozz, Ozz-E3
Ensembl geneENSG00000124257
Ensembl biotypeprotein_coding
OMIM608597
Entrez140825

Gene structure

Transcript identifiers

Ensembl transcripts: 3 — 3 protein_coding

MANE Select: ENST00000372518

Transcript support level (Ensembl TSL; 1 = fully mRNA-supported): TSL 1: 1, TSL 3: 1

ENST00000372518, ENST00000545238, ENST00001133870

RefSeq mRNA: 2 — MANE Select: NM_080749 NM_001278535, NM_080749

CCDS: CCDS13384

Canonical transcript exons

ENST00000372518 — 2 exons

ExonStartEnd
ENSE000014580014588863445888873
ENSE000014580044589025045891208

Expression profiles

Bgee: expression breadth ubiquitous, 185 present calls, max score 94.70.

FANTOM5 (CAGE): breadth broad, TPM avg 0.7910 / max 54.2742, expressed in 443 samples.

Highest expression (Bgee): male germ line stem cell (sensu Vertebrata) in testis, apex of heart, mucosa of stomach, primordial germ cell in gonad, hindlimb stylopod muscle.

Genetic regulation across tissues (GTEx eQTL / sQTL)

NEURL2 is an eGene in GTEx v10 — its expression is genetically regulated (eQTL) in 21 tissues and its splicing (sQTL) in 6 (q < 0.05). Strongest associations first; slope = normalized effect of the lead variant’s alternative allele.

showing 20 of 27 significant tissue × QTL associations:

TissueQTLq-valueSlopeLead variant
Adipose Subcutaneouseqtl5.0e-12+0.2820:46003393:C:T
Adipose Visceral Omentumeqtl1.9e-09+0.3020:45919331:C:T
Thyroideqtl9.2e-08+0.2620:46006406:G:T
Spleeneqtl6.1e-07+0.6820:45927136:GC:G
Testiseqtl1.0e-06-0.3920:45894908:G:A
Lungeqtl1.6e-05+0.3320:45927136:GC:G
Colon Transverseeqtl1.7e-05+0.2720:46028310:C:T
Artery Aortaeqtl2.0e-05+0.3120:45916409:C:T
Skin Not Sun Exposed Suprapubiceqtl5.3e-05+0.2920:45919331:C:T
Esophagus Gastroesophageal Junctioneqtl1.1e-04+0.3320:45919331:C:T
Esophagus Musculariseqtl1.7e-04+0.3220:45953548:A:T
Skin Sun Exposed Lower legeqtl7.7e-04+0.2020:45914155:C:A
Esophagus Mucosaeqtl1.4e-03-0.8420:45845224:G:A
Artery Tibialeqtl2.5e-03-0.5020:46627525:T:G
Breast Mammary Tissueeqtl4.7e-03-0.2720:45991015:C:G
Muscle Skeletaleqtl5.7e-03+0.2420:46233862:G:A
Heart Atrial Appendageeqtl8.3e-03+0.2520:45916409:C:T
Testissqtl8.3e-03+0.3720:45860835:G:A
Nerve Tibialeqtl8.6e-03+0.2120:45919331:C:T
Colon Transversesqtl9.7e-03+0.7520:45445910:C:T

FANTOM5 promoters

2 alternative TSS:

Promoter IDTPM avgSamples expressed
1874960.3972209
1874970.3938165

Top tissues by expression

showing 100 of 245 tissues by Bgee expression score (0-100, higher = more expressed):

TissueAnatomy IDExpression scoreQuality
male germ line stem cell (sensu Vertebrata) in testisCL:0000089 ∩ UBERON:000047394.70gold quality
apex of heartUBERON:000209887.08gold quality
mucosa of stomachUBERON:000119984.61gold quality
primordial germ cell in gonadCL:0000670 ∩ UBERON:000099183.87gold quality
hindlimb stylopod muscleUBERON:000425283.60gold quality
tendon of biceps brachiiUBERON:000818883.18silver quality
thymusUBERON:000237082.99gold quality
muscle of legUBERON:000138381.91gold quality
gastrocnemiusUBERON:000138881.89gold quality
right adrenal gland cortexUBERON:003582781.52gold quality
quadriceps femorisUBERON:000137781.38silver quality
vastus lateralisUBERON:000137980.97silver quality
right adrenal glandUBERON:000123380.21gold quality
left ovaryUBERON:000211979.61gold quality
right ovaryUBERON:000211879.58gold quality
left adrenal glandUBERON:000123479.29gold quality
right coronary arteryUBERON:000162579.13gold quality
omental fat padUBERON:001041479.01gold quality
right lobe of liverUBERON:000111478.99gold quality
left coronary arteryUBERON:000162678.96gold quality
peritoneumUBERON:000235878.94gold quality
left uterine tubeUBERON:000130378.88gold quality
left adrenal gland cortexUBERON:003582578.43gold quality
heart left ventricleUBERON:000208478.33gold quality
lower esophagusUBERON:001347378.28gold quality
lower esophagus muscularis layerUBERON:003583378.28gold quality
metanephros cortexUBERON:001053378.10gold quality
right atrium auricular regionUBERON:000663178.04gold quality
muscle layer of sigmoid colonUBERON:003580578.01gold quality
coronary arteryUBERON:000162177.88gold quality
adipose tissue of abdominal regionUBERON:000780877.87gold quality
cardiac ventricleUBERON:000208277.64gold quality
adrenal cortexUBERON:000123577.36gold quality
cardiac atriumUBERON:000208177.36gold quality
thoracic aortaUBERON:000151577.32gold quality
ascending aortaUBERON:000149677.25gold quality
skeletal muscle tissueUBERON:000113477.24gold quality
heartUBERON:000094877.02gold quality
esophagogastric junction muscularis propriaUBERON:003584176.88gold quality
descending thoracic aortaUBERON:000234576.69gold quality
aortaUBERON:000094776.63gold quality
muscle tissueUBERON:000238576.63gold quality
popliteal arteryUBERON:000225076.36gold quality
tibial arteryUBERON:000761076.34gold quality
left ventricle myocardiumUBERON:000656676.32gold quality
transverse colonUBERON:000115775.95gold quality
deltoidUBERON:000147675.95silver quality
biceps brachiiUBERON:000150775.86gold quality
adult mammalian kidneyUBERON:000008275.82gold quality
adrenal glandUBERON:000236975.82gold quality
small intestine Peyer’s patchUBERON:000345475.71gold quality
ovaryUBERON:000099275.66gold quality
subcutaneous adipose tissueUBERON:000219075.41gold quality
body of uterusUBERON:000985375.31gold quality
kidney epitheliumUBERON:000481975.14gold quality
cardiac muscle of right atriumUBERON:000337974.65gold quality
right lobe of thyroid glandUBERON:000111974.44gold quality
stromal cell of endometriumCL:000225574.29gold quality
left lobe of thyroid glandUBERON:000112074.24gold quality
tibial nerveUBERON:000132373.98gold quality
ectocervixUBERON:001224973.86gold quality
small intestineUBERON:000210873.32gold quality
minor salivary glandUBERON:000183073.26gold quality
endocervixUBERON:000045873.19gold quality
colonUBERON:000115572.97gold quality
skeletal muscle tissue of rectus abdominisUBERON:000451172.88silver quality
metanephrosUBERON:000008172.85gold quality
thyroid glandUBERON:000204672.76gold quality
cortex of kidneyUBERON:000122572.72gold quality
skin of legUBERON:000151172.63gold quality
body of stomachUBERON:000116172.54gold quality
large intestineUBERON:000005972.43gold quality
intestineUBERON:000016072.43gold quality
adipose tissueUBERON:000101372.43gold quality
esophagusUBERON:000104372.39gold quality
spleenUBERON:000210671.97gold quality
mucosa of transverse colonUBERON:000499171.76gold quality
skeletal muscle tissue of biceps brachiiUBERON:000450271.55silver quality
cerebellar hemisphereUBERON:000224571.11gold quality
right hemisphere of cerebellumUBERON:001489071.11gold quality
saliva-secreting glandUBERON:000104470.97gold quality
cerebellar cortexUBERON:000212970.96gold quality
fundus of stomachUBERON:000116070.71gold quality
skin of abdomenUBERON:000141670.70gold quality
upper arm skinUBERON:000426370.69gold quality
gall bladderUBERON:000211070.65gold quality
lower esophagus mucosaUBERON:003583470.26gold quality
mouth mucosaUBERON:000372970.13gold quality
smooth muscle tissueUBERON:000113570.04gold quality
upper lobe of left lungUBERON:000895269.89gold quality
cerebellumUBERON:000203769.84gold quality
right uterine tubeUBERON:000130269.38gold quality
body of pancreasUBERON:000115069.17gold quality
liverUBERON:000210769.12gold quality
right lungUBERON:000216769.11gold quality
pituitary glandUBERON:000000769.01gold quality
zone of skinUBERON:000001468.89gold quality
stomachUBERON:000094568.84gold quality
upper lobe of lungUBERON:000894868.81gold quality
myometriumUBERON:000129668.79gold quality

Single-cell (SCXA)

Detected in 1 experiment(s), a significant marker in 1.

ExperimentMarker?Max mean expression
E-ANND-3yes2.91

HPA expression

RNA tissue specificity: Low tissue specificity

showing 60 of 79 HPA tissues / cells by nTPM:

Tissue / cellAxisnTPMProtein (IHC)
Skeletal muscletissue17.8medium
Choroid plexustissue14.6
Nucleus accumbenstissue9.6
Tonguetissue8.3
Hippocampustissue8.1medium
Locus coeruleustissue7.6
Postcentral gyrustissue7.5
Thymustissue7.1
Adipose tissuetissue5.3not detected
Ovarytissue4.7low
Small intestinetissue4.4medium
Pituitary glandtissue4.1
Duodenumtissue4.1medium
Vaginatissue4.0medium
Retinatissue3.9
Heart muscletissue3.8not detected
Smooth muscletissue3.7not detected
Kidneytissue3.7low
Skin 1tissue3.6medium
Parathyroid glandtissue3.6not detected
Basal gangliatissue3.6medium
Putamentissue3.4
Livertissue3.2medium
Endometrium 1tissue3.1not detected
Ventral forebraintissue3.0
Cerebral cortextissue2.8low
Epididymistissue2.8low
Placentatissue2.8high
Thyroid glandtissue2.8medium
Gallbladdertissue2.8medium
Somatosensory cortextissue2.8
Fallopian tubetissue2.7medium
Septumtissue2.7
Seminal vesicletissue2.6not detected
Retrosplenial cortextissue2.6
Hippocampal formationtissue2.5
Appendixtissue2.5medium
Salivary glandtissue2.4low
Motor cortextissue2.4
Prostatetissue2.4low
Adrenal glandtissue2.4low
Frontal cortextissue2.3
Retrosplenial and cingulate cortextissue2.3
Occipital cortextissue2.3
Prefrontal cortextissue2.2
Colontissue2.2medium
Thalamustissue2.2
Entorhinal cortextissue2.2
Olfactory bulbtissue2.2
Amygdalatissue2.1
Caudate putamentissue2.1
Temporal cortextissue2.1
Insular cortextissue2.1
Ponstissue2.0
Rectumtissue2.0medium
Hypothalamustissue2.0
Periaqueductal graytissue2.0
Superior colliculitissue1.9
Spinal cordtissue1.9
Stomach 1tissue1.8high

Brain sub-regions (HPA Brain Atlas): detected in 190; highest nTPM — Flocculonodular lobe (15.1), Vermis (14.8), Cerebellar cortex (13.5), Piriform cortex (12.9), Frontal operculum (11.9).

Regulation

Is transcription factor: no

miRNA regulators (miRDB)

Targeting NEURL2 by miRDB confidence (max_score; target_count = how many genes the miRNA targets in total — lower means more specific).

13 miRNAs:

miRNAMax scoreAvg scoremiRNA target_count
HSA-MIR-4283100.0066.422097
HSA-MIR-6721-5P99.9368.922981
HSA-MIR-464899.9167.00710
HSA-MIR-148A-5P99.3068.271141
HSA-MIR-500A-5P98.7669.131241
HSA-MIR-548Q98.7165.35563
HSA-MIR-1-5P98.7068.661017
HSA-MIR-6837-3P98.4266.711149
HSA-MIR-6880-5P98.0865.591282
HSA-MIR-3194-5P96.8064.901027
HSA-MIR-443595.9065.471201
HSA-MIR-452295.7666.23742
HSA-MIR-1140094.0367.1281

Functional genomics

gnomAD constraint: pLI 1.76e-06, LOEUF 1.58, missense Z 0.329 — population loss-of-function intolerance (pLI ≥ 0.9 = LoF-intolerant; lower LOEUF = more constrained). gnomAD

Regional missense constraint (gnomAD RMC): no regional variation along ENST00000372518 — one region, missense o/e 0.96.

Cross-species orthologs

2 orthologs

OrganismSymbolGene ID
danio_rerioneurl2ENSDARG00000062446
mus_musculusNeurl2ENSMUSG00000039873

Mouse-model phenotypes

Observed phenotypes of the mouse ortholog (MGI:3043305) from MGI (Alliance of Genome Resources) — knockout/mutant phenotypes, ranked by annotation count. 7 distinct phenotype terms.

Mouse phenotype (MP)Records
decreased leukocyte cell number1
abnormal skeletal muscle morphology1
decreased body weight1
abnormal coat appearance1
increased heart weight1
decreased circulating iron level1
decreased circulating glucose level1

Additional cross-species homologs

Sequence homologs in species beyond Ensembl Compara’s model organisms, by Diamond local protein alignment (% sequence identity; best hit per species). Lower-identity rows are more distant homologs. The matched accessions’ gene symbols aren’t in biobtree yet, so each row shows the UniProt accession.

OrganismUniProtIdentityMethod
Rattus norvegicusQ5M87094.9%Diamond
Drosophila melanogasterP2950380.6%Diamond
Drosophila virilisQ2474680.6%Diamond

Genomic neighbors (locus context)

Genes flanking this one on the chromosome (NCBI/Entrez gene neighborhood). Positional context only — some neighbors share regulatory elements (bidirectional promoters, antisense/overlapping transcripts), but chromosomal adjacency is not itself a functional relationship (see Interactions for that).

SymbolTypeEntrez
SPATA25protein-coding128497
PLTPprotein-coding5360
CTSAprotein-coding5476
ZNF335protein-coding63925
PCIF1protein-coding63935
ZSWIM3protein-coding140831
ZSWIM1protein-coding90204
ACOT8protein-coding10005
SNX21protein-coding90203
TNNC2protein-coding7125

Protein

Protein identifiers

Neuralized-like protein 2 — Q9BR09 (reviewed: Q9BR09)

All UniProt accessions (2): H0YGA6, Q9BR09

UniProt curated annotations — full annotation on UniProt →

Function. Plays an important role in the process of myofiber differentiation and maturation. Probable substrate-recognition component of a SCF-like ECS (Elongin BC-CUL2/5-SOCS-box protein) E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase complex, which mediates the ubiquitination of proteins. Probably contributes to catalysis through recognition and positioning of the substrate and the ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme. During myogenesis, controls the ubiquitination and degradation of the specific pool of CTNNB1/beta-catenin located at the sarcolemma.

Subunit / interactions. Probable component the ECS(NEURL2) E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase complex consisting of ELOB/Elongin B, ELOC/Elongin C, CUL5, RBX1 and NEURL2. Interacts with CTNNB1.

Subcellular location. Cytoplasm.

Tissue specificity. Expressed specifically in skeletal and cardiac muscles.

Domain organisation. The SOCS domain mediates the interaction with ELOB and ELOC, while the NHR domain may be involved in ubiquitination substrate binding.

Pathway. Protein modification; protein ubiquitination.

RefSeq proteins (2): NP_001265464, NP_542787* (*=MANE)

Domains & families (InterPro)

IDNameType
IPR001496SOCS_boxDomain
IPR006573NHR_domDomain
IPR036036SOCS_box-like_dom_sfHomologous_superfamily
IPR037962NeuralizedFamily
IPR043136B30.2/SPRY_sfHomologous_superfamily

Pfam: PF07177, PF07525

UniProt features (5 total): domain 2, chain 1, region of interest 1, sequence variant 1

Structure

Predicted structure (AlphaFold)

ModelpLDDTFraction very-high
AF-Q9BR09-F183.300.53

Human Protein Atlas

Protein class: Predicted intracellular proteins, UniProt - Evidence at transcript level

Protein evidence: Evidence at protein level

Subcellular location (HPA, imaging): vesicles

Antibody reliability (HPA): IH approved · IF approved

Function

Pathways and Gene Ontology

Reactome pathways

1 curated (TAS) of 3; 0 disease pathways. Curated-first; evidence = TAS (manually curated) vs IEA (electronic inference).

3 pathways:

IDPathwayEvidence
R-HSA-8951664Neddylationcurated
R-HSA-392499Metabolism of proteins—
R-HSA-597592Post-translational protein modification—

MSigDB gene sets: 106 (showing top): BHATI_G2M_ARREST_BY_2METHOXYESTRADIOL_DN, GOBP_STRIATED_MUSCLE_CELL_DIFFERENTIATION, AP2_Q3, GOBP_CELLULAR_COMPONENT_ASSEMBLY_INVOLVED_IN_MORPHOGENESIS, GOBP_MUSCLE_STRUCTURE_DEVELOPMENT, GOBP_ACTOMYOSIN_STRUCTURE_ORGANIZATION, GOBP_ORGANELLE_ASSEMBLY, GOBP_POST_TRANSLATIONAL_PROTEIN_MODIFICATION, PU1_Q6, RYTTCCTG_ETS2_B, RGAGGAARY_PU1_Q6, GOBP_MUSCLE_CELL_DEVELOPMENT, GOBP_MUSCLE_CELL_DIFFERENTIATION, MYCMAX_03, GOMF_ACYLTRANSFERASE_ACTIVITY

GO Biological Process (3): protein ubiquitination (GO:0016567), myofibril assembly (GO:0030239), intracellular signal transduction (GO:0035556)

GO Molecular Function (1): ubiquitin protein ligase activity (GO:0061630)

GO Cellular Component (2): cytosol (GO:0005829), cytoplasm (GO:0005737)

Reactome top-level categories

2 top-level categories:

CategoryPathways
Post-translational protein modification1
Metabolism of proteins1

GO top-level categories

12 GO namespaces:

CategoryTerms
intracellular anatomical structure2
cellular anatomical structure2
protein modification by small protein conjugation1
cellular component assembly involved in morphogenesis1
actomyosin structure organization1
striated muscle cell development1
supramolecular fiber organization1
membraneless organelle assembly1
signal transduction1
ubiquitin-protein transferase activity1
ubiquitin-like protein ligase activity1
cytoplasm1

Protein interactions and networks

STRING

showing 15 of 346 interactions by confidence (×1000):

Protein AProtein BPartner UniProtScore
NEURL2SPATA25Q9BR10742
NEURL2CISHQ9NSE2637
NEURL2ZSWIM1Q9BR11593
NEURL2NEURL1O76050527
NEURL2ACOT8O14734500
NEURL2ZNF335Q9H4Z2497
NEURL2WFDC10BQ8IUB3491
NEURL2SNX21Q969T3484
NEURL2ASB5Q8WWX0473
NEURL2CTNNB1P35222471
NEURL2LSMEM1Q8N8F7461
NEURL2FHL3Q13643455
NEURL2WFDC3Q8IUB2441
NEURL2PDRG1Q9NUG6424
NEURL2ALPK3Q96L96416

IntAct

BioGRID (10 interactions; top human partners by supporting records): SMN1 (Affinity Capture-Western; 2 records), CTNNB1 (Biochemical Activity), EGFR (Negative Genetic), MYH6 (Biochemical Activity), PDCD6IP (Biochemical Activity), PTP4A3 (Positive Genetic), RBX1 (Reconstituted Complex), TCEB1 (Reconstituted Complex), UBE2H (Reconstituted Complex)

Disease & clinical

Genetic variants

Variant evidence for NEURL2: 42 ClinVar records (0 pathogenic / likely pathogenic).

ClinVar

42 variants total. Per-class counts are floors (≥ shown; pagination cap):

ClassificationCount (floor)
Pathogenic0
Likely pathogenic0
Uncertain significance39
Likely benign3
Benign0

SpliceAI

Top 10 splice-impact sites by Δscore (adjacent positions with the same effect merged into one range; 25 predictions of 87):

Position(s)EffectΔscoreSites
20:45890248–45890249donor_loss0.97006
20:45888874–45888875acceptor_loss0.96006
20:45888876acceptor_loss0.9400
20:45890327donor_gain0.8100
20:45890258donor_gain0.8000
20:45890245donor_loss0.7900
20:45890245donor_loss0.7700
20:45888880acceptor_gain0.7600
20:45890280donor_gain0.7000
20:45888888–45888889acceptor_loss0.67006

AlphaMissense

700 missense substitutions predicted likely pathogenic (of 1,826 scored), across 170 residues. Top 20 hotspot residues, ranked by the number of likely-pathogenic substitutions (of those reachable by a single-nucleotide change), then by mean score:

ResidueLikely-pathogenic substitutionsMean am_pathogenicityMax am_pathogenicity
D23180.9900.996
F4980.9720.999
F6680.9670.997
F5580.9610.997
F2680.9590.996
D21280.9450.980
F23380.9400.998
H20580.9170.992
S5680.8970.998
D17380.8430.958
H8080.8360.964
H2780.8020.929
W7770.9860.997
N20970.9650.997
F9970.9520.992
W11170.9490.979
F11370.9340.988
M20470.9260.983
C25570.9100.991
S18870.9020.994

HPA cancer prognostics

RNA cancer specificity: Low cancer specificity

Human Protein Atlas survival analysis — favorable = higher expression predicts better survival.

5 prognostic cancer types:

CancerPrognosticp-value
Rectum Adenocarcinoma (TCGA)favorable1.13e-05
Cervical Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Endocervical Adenocarcinoma (TCGA)favorable0.000184
Liver Hepatocellular Carcinoma (TCGA)unfavorable0.000286
Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma (TCGA)favorable0.000705
Kidney Renal Papillary Cell Carcinoma (TCGA)favorable0.000859

Disease associations

OMIM: gene MIM:608597 | disease phenotypes:

Drugs & pharmacology

Drug and pharmacology data

Is drug target: no

PharmGKB: 1 entry (CPIC guideline: no)

CTD chemical–gene interactions

20 total (human), top 20 by PubMed support.

ChemicalActions (top 5)PubMed papers
Benzo(a)pyreneincreases expression4
Tetrachlorodibenzodioxinaffects expression, increases expression3
Nickelincreases expression2
tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl)phosphateincreases expression1
perfluorooctane sulfonic acidincreases expression1
abrineincreases expression1
jinfukangaffects cotreatment, increases expression1
Sunitinibincreases expression1
Cisplatinaffects cotreatment, increases expression1
Doxorubicinincreases expression1
Estradioldecreases expression1
Smokedecreases expression1
Triclosandecreases expression1
Urethanedecreases expression1
Cyclosporinedecreases expression1
Aflatoxin B1increases expression1
Antirheumatic Agentsdecreases expression1
Okadaic Aciddecreases expression1
Copper Sulfatedecreases expression1
S-Nitrosoglutathioneaffects expression1

Clinical trials (associated diseases)

Via MONDO — disease-level, not drug-specific.

No linked Atlas pages yet — the cross-entity mesh grows as the corpus expands.