OLFM1

Summary

OLFM1 (olfactomedin 1, HGNC:17187) is a protein-coding gene on chromosome 9q34.3, encoding Noelin (Q99784). Contributes to the regulation of axonal growth in the embryonic and adult central nervous system by inhibiting interactions between RTN4R and LINGO1.

This gene product shares extensive sequence similarity with the rat neuronal olfactomedin-related ER localized protein. While the exact function of the encoded protein is not known, its abundant expression in brain suggests that it may have an essential role in nerve tissue. Several alternatively spliced transcripts encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene.

Source: NCBI Gene 10439 — RefSeq curated summary.

At a glance

• GWAS associations: 8
• Clinical variants (ClinVar): 37 total
• MANE Select transcript: NM_001282611

Identifiers

Gene identifiers

Field	Value
HGNC ID	HGNC:17187
Approved symbol	OLFM1
Name	olfactomedin 1
Location	9q34.3
Locus type	gene with protein product
Status	Approved
Aliases	NOE1, OlfA, AMY, NOELIN
Ensembl gene	ENSG00000130558
Ensembl biotype	protein_coding
OMIM	605366
Entrez	10439

Gene structure

Transcript identifiers

Ensembl transcripts: 13 — 12 protein_coding, 1 retained_intron

ENST00000252854, ENST00000277415, ENST00000339720, ENST00000371793, ENST00000371796, ENST00000371799, ENST00000371801, ENST00000392991, ENST00000483042, ENST00000539529, ENST00000539877, ENST00000545657, ENST00000970973

RefSeq mRNA: 4 — MANE Select: NM_001282611 NM_001282611, NM_001282612, NM_006334, NM_014279

CCDS: CCDS65183, CCDS65184, CCDS6986, CCDS6987

Canonical transcript exons

ENST00000371793 — 6 exons

Exon	Start	End
ENSE00000895124	135095864	135096019
ENSE00000984153	135098286	135098505
ENSE00001128104	135106749	135106855
ENSE00001513840	135087668	135088139
ENSE00001824872	135119504	135121180
ENSE00003466781	135090195	135090344

Expression profiles

Bgee: expression breadth ubiquitous, 261 present calls, max score 99.82.

FANTOM5 (CAGE): breadth broad, TPM avg 24.3847 / max 1156.6131, expressed in 898 samples.

FANTOM5 promoters (21 alternative TSS)

Promoter ID	TPM avg	Samples expressed
99416	13.5330	608
99413	3.5797	470
99411	1.9843	343
99415	1.3472	313
99412	1.0842	283
99409	0.9153	229
99404	0.4913	270
99406	0.2228	127
99407	0.2105	116
99427	0.1779	76

Top tissues by expression

292 total, by Bgee expression score (0-100, higher = more expressed):

Tissue	Anatomy ID	Expression score	Quality
middle temporal gyrus	UBERON:0002771	99.82	gold quality
Brodmann (1909) area 10	UBERON:0013541	99.78	gold quality
frontal pole	UBERON:0002795	99.77	gold quality
primary visual cortex	UBERON:0002436	99.75	gold quality
superior frontal gyrus	UBERON:0002661	99.74	gold quality
occipital lobe	UBERON:0002021	99.73	gold quality
right frontal lobe	UBERON:0002810	99.73	gold quality
dorsolateral prefrontal cortex	UBERON:0009834	99.70	gold quality
orbitofrontal cortex	UBERON:0004167	99.68	gold quality
Brodmann (1909) area 46	UBERON:0006483	99.68	gold quality
frontal cortex	UBERON:0001870	99.62	gold quality
Brodmann (1909) area 23	UBERON:0013554	99.60	gold quality
prefrontal cortex	UBERON:0000451	99.55	gold quality
Brodmann (1909) area 9	UBERON:0013540	99.55	gold quality
amygdala	UBERON:0001876	99.53	gold quality
endothelial cell	CL:0000115	99.52	gold quality
parietal lobe	UBERON:0001872	99.51	gold quality
temporal lobe	UBERON:0001871	99.47	gold quality
postcentral gyrus	UBERON:0002581	99.46	gold quality
cerebral cortex	UBERON:0000956	99.45	gold quality
cingulate cortex	UBERON:0003027	99.43	gold quality
neocortex	UBERON:0001950	99.42	gold quality
anterior cingulate cortex	UBERON:0009835	99.42	gold quality
Ammon’s horn	UBERON:0001954	99.41	gold quality
entorhinal cortex	UBERON:0002728	99.31	gold quality
CA1 field of hippocampus	UBERON:0003881	99.09	gold quality
cerebellar cortex	UBERON:0002129	98.91	gold quality
cerebellar hemisphere	UBERON:0002245	98.90	gold quality
right hemisphere of cerebellum	UBERON:0014890	98.86	gold quality
cerebellar vermis	UBERON:0004720	98.85	gold quality

Single-cell (SCXA)

Detected in 5 experiment(s), a significant marker in 4.

Experiment	Marker?	Max mean expression
E-MTAB-10485	yes	682.59
E-HCAD-35	yes	46.88
E-ANND-3	yes	31.45
E-HCAD-5	yes	23.53
E-MTAB-10137	no	6.68

Regulation

Is transcription factor: no

miRNA regulators (miRDB)

26 targeting OLFM1, top 30 by miRDB confidence (max_score; target_count = how many genes the miRNA targets in total — lower means more specific):

miRNA	Max score	Avg score	miRNA target_count
HSA-MIR-520D-5P	99.98	73.34	4883
HSA-MIR-524-5P	99.98	73.43	4882
HSA-MIR-8075	99.97	67.20	962
HSA-MIR-96-5P	99.95	72.80	2140
HSA-MIR-651-3P	99.94	73.48	5177
HSA-MIR-141-3P	99.94	72.79	2421
HSA-MIR-200A-3P	99.94	72.68	2420
HSA-MIR-12133	99.92	71.82	2006
HSA-MIR-1271-5P	99.91	71.99	1972
HSA-MIR-182-5P	99.87	74.03	2589
HSA-MIR-33A-3P	99.70	70.27	3362
HSA-MIR-7150	99.62	66.80	1322
HSA-MIR-520E-5P	99.27	68.90	1513
HSA-MIR-4326	98.97	67.63	962
HSA-MIR-5701	98.97	69.54	1502
HSA-MIR-4724-5P	98.87	67.75	1324
HSA-MIR-6829-5P	98.86	65.12	1480
HSA-MIR-193A-3P	98.59	66.36	769
HSA-MIR-193B-3P	98.59	66.62	748
HSA-MIR-6818-3P	98.56	68.23	1307
HSA-MIR-6878-5P	98.49	67.91	2142
HSA-MIR-4521	97.73	67.64	684
HSA-MIR-665	97.60	65.64	1781
HSA-MIR-1243	97.07	65.44	719
HSA-MIR-10525-3P	96.32	68.04	699
HSA-MIR-6763-3P	90.80	64.32	80

Literature-anchored findings (GeneRIF, showing 6)

• Wnt activation suppresses Olfm-1 expression, and this may predispose a favorable microenvironment of the retained embryo in the Fallopian tube, leading to ectopic pregnancy in humans (PMID:21968811)
• Down-regulation of OLFM1 in fallopian tube epithelial cells enhances spheroid attachment to fallopian tube. (PMID:25999259)
• OLF domains from H. sapiens olfactomedin-1 and M. musculus gliomedin were biophysically, biochemically, and structurally characterized. (PMID:26121352)
• human chorionic gonadotropin stimulated miR-212, which down-regulated OLFM1 and CTBP1 expression in fallopian and endometrial epithelial cells to favor spheroid attachment (PMID:26377223)
• OLFM1 is a negative regulator of non-canonical NF-kappaB signalling by interacting with and inhibiting NIK. Thus, OLFM1 may serve as a valuable biomarker and therapeutic target for colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. (PMID:27555280)
• Long Non-Coding RNA LPP-AS2 Plays an Anti-Tumor Role in Thyroid Carcinoma by Regulating the miR-132-3p/OLFM1 Axis. (PMID:37199315)

Cross-species orthologs

4 orthologs

Organism	Symbol	Gene ID
danio_rerio	olfm1b	ENSDARG00000014053
danio_rerio	olfm1a	ENSDARG00000018270
mus_musculus	Olfm1	ENSMUSG00000026833
rattus_norvegicus	Olfm1	ENSRNOG00000009862

Paralogs (9): MYOC (ENSG00000034971), OLFM4 (ENSG00000102837), OLFM2 (ENSG00000105088), OLFML3 (ENSG00000116774), OLFM3 (ENSG00000118733), OLFML2B (ENSG00000162745), OLFML1 (ENSG00000183801), OLFML2A (ENSG00000185585), GLDN (ENSG00000186417)

Protein

Protein identifiers

Noelin — Q99784 (reviewed: Q99784)

Alternative names: Neuronal olfactomedin-related ER localized protein, Olfactomedin-1

All UniProt accessions (9): Q99784, F5GZQ2, F5H810, F8W870, H0YFB9, Q5VZL8, Q6IMJ6, Q6IMJ7, Q6IMJ8

UniProt curated annotations — full annotation on UniProt →

Function. Contributes to the regulation of axonal growth in the embryonic and adult central nervous system by inhibiting interactions between RTN4R and LINGO1. Inhibits RTN4R-mediated axon growth cone collapse. May play an important role in regulating the production of neural crest cells by the neural tube. May be required for normal responses to olfactory stimuli.

Subunit / interactions. Homotetramer; disulfide-linked. Dimer of dimers, giving rise to a V-shaped homotretramer. Isoform 1 and isoform 3 interact with RTN4R. Identified in a complex with RTN4R and LINGO1. Peripherally associated with AMPAR complex. AMPAR complex consists of an inner core made of 4 pore-forming GluA/GRIA proteins (GRIA1, GRIA2, GRIA3 and GRIA4) and 4 major auxiliary subunits arranged in a twofold symmetry. One of the two pairs of distinct binding sites is occupied either by CNIH2, CNIH3 or CACNG2, CACNG3. The other harbors CACNG2, CACNG3, CACNG4, CACNG8 or GSG1L. This inner core of AMPAR complex is complemented by outer core constituents binding directly to the GluA/GRIA proteins at sites distinct from the interaction sites of the inner core constituents. Outer core constituents include at least PRRT1, PRRT2, CKAMP44/SHISA9, FRRS1L and NRN1. The proteins of the inner and outer core serve as a platform for other, more peripherally associated AMPAR constituents, including OLFM1. Alone or in combination, these auxiliary subunits control the gating and pharmacology of the AMPAR complex and profoundly impact their biogenesis and protein processing. Interacts with OLFM2.

Subcellular location. Secreted. Synapse. Endoplasmic reticulum. Cell projection. Axon. Perikaryon.

Domain organisation. The protein contains a globular N-terminal tetramerization domain, a long stalk formed by the coiled coil region and a C-terminal olfactomedin-like domain. Interactions between dimers are mediated by the coiled coil region. The dimers interact mostly via the N-terminal tetramerization domain, giving rise to a V-shaped overall architecture of the tetramer.

Isoforms (5)

UniProt ID	Names	Canonical?
Q99784-1	1	yes
Q99784-2	2
Q99784-3	3
Q99784-4	4, AMY
Q99784-5	5

RefSeq proteins (4): NP_001269540, NP_001269541, NP_006325, NP_055094 (=MANE)

Domains & families (InterPro)

ID	Name	Type
IPR003112	Olfac-like_dom	Domain
IPR011044	Quino_amine_DH_bsu	Homologous_superfamily
IPR022082	Noelin_dom	Domain
IPR050605	Olfactomedin-like_domain	Family

Pfam: PF02191, PF12308

UniProt features (49 total): strand 23, glycosylation site 8, turn 5, splice variant 4, disulfide bond 2, helix 2, signal peptide 1, chain 1, sequence conflict 1, domain 1, coiled-coil region 1

Structure

Experimental structures (PDB)

2 structures.

PDB	Method	Resolution (Å)
6QHJ	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	1.25
4XAT	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	2.11

Predicted structure (AlphaFold)

Model	pLDDT	Fraction very-high
AF-Q99784-F1	80.91	0.49

Functional residue map

Curated UniProt residues grouped by drug-discovery relevance — catalytic, ligand-binding, modification, and mutation-validated positions. Source: UniProtKB sequence features.

Disulfide bonds (2): 221, 227–409

Glycosylation sites (8): 431, 473, 33, 103, 187, 288, 307, 394

Function

Pathways and Gene Ontology

Reactome pathways

0 pathways

MSigDB gene sets: 299 (showing top): GSE45365_HEALTHY_VS_MCMV_INFECTION_CD8_TCELL_IFNAR_KO_DN, GOBP_NEURON_PROJECTION_EXTENSION, GOBP_POSITIVE_REGULATION_OF_EPITHELIAL_TO_MESENCHYMAL_TRANSITION, GOBP_REGULATION_OF_DEVELOPMENTAL_GROWTH, GOZGIT_ESR1_TARGETS_DN, GOBP_GROWTH, GOBP_NEUROGENESIS, BROWNE_HCMV_INFECTION_16HR_UP, RIZKI_TUMOR_INVASIVENESS_3D_DN, ACTGCAG_MIR173P, BROWNE_HCMV_INFECTION_12HR_UP, GOBP_PROTEIN_LOCALIZATION_TO_CELL_PERIPHERY, HANN_RESISTANCE_TO_BCL2_INHIBITOR_UP, MODULE_66, KRASNOSELSKAYA_ILF3_TARGETS_DN

GO Biological Process (11): atrioventricular valve formation (GO:0003190), signal transduction (GO:0007165), nervous system development (GO:0007399), positive regulation of gene expression (GO:0010628), negative regulation of gene expression (GO:0010629), positive regulation of epithelial to mesenchymal transition (GO:0010718), neuronal signal transduction (GO:0023041), regulation of axon extension (GO:0030516), positive regulation of apoptotic process (GO:0043065), cardiac epithelial to mesenchymal transition (GO:0060317), regulation of neurotransmitter receptor localization to postsynaptic specialization membrane (GO:0098696)

GO Molecular Function (1): protein binding (GO:0005515)

GO Cellular Component (9): obsolete extracellular space (GO:0005615), endoplasmic reticulum (GO:0005783), axon (GO:0030424), neuronal cell body (GO:0043025), perikaryon (GO:0043204), axonal growth cone (GO:0044295), synapse (GO:0045202), extracellular region (GO:0005576), cell projection (GO:0042995)

GO top-level categories

Rollup of top GO terms by namespace:

Category	Terms
cellular anatomical structure	3
gene expression	2
regulation of gene expression	2
epithelial to mesenchymal transition	2
atrioventricular valve morphogenesis	1
heart valve formation	1
cell communication	1
cellular process	1
signaling	1
regulation of cellular process	1
cellular response to stimulus	1
system development	1
positive regulation of macromolecule biosynthetic process	1
negative regulation of macromolecule biosynthetic process	1
regulation of epithelial to mesenchymal transition	1
positive regulation of cell differentiation	1
positive regulation of multicellular organismal process	1
signal transduction	1
regulation of developmental growth	1
axon extension	1
regulation of extent of cell growth	1
apoptotic process	1
regulation of apoptotic process	1
positive regulation of programmed cell death	1
heart morphogenesis	1
regulation of biological quality	1
neurotransmitter receptor localization to postsynaptic specialization membrane	1
regulation of protein localization to synapse	1
regulation of receptor localization to synapse	1
regulation of protein localization to cell periphery	1
regulation of protein localization to membrane	1
binding	1
cytoplasm	1
endomembrane system	1
intracellular membrane-bounded organelle	1
neuron projection	1
somatodendritic compartment	1
cell body	1
neuronal cell body	1
growth cone	1

Protein interactions and networks

STRING

1364 interactions, top by confidence (×1000):

Protein A	Protein B	Partner UniProt	Score
OLFM1	TENM4	Q6N022	842
OLFM1	EHMT1	Q9H9B1	817
OLFM1	CACNA1B	Q00975	765
OLFM1	WASF1	Q92558	697
OLFM1	RTN4R	Q9BZR6	682
OLFM1	KIDINS220	Q9ULH0	538
OLFM1	APP	P05067	522
OLFM1	CHRD	Q9H2X0	503
OLFM1	GRIA1	P42261	487
OLFM1	CACNA1A	P78510	484
OLFM1	BCL2L1	Q07817	442
OLFM1	MT1X	P80297	431
OLFM1	SNAPC4	Q5SXM2	427
OLFM1	SURF6	O75683	425
OLFM1	AK8	Q96MA6	418

IntAct

18 interactions, top by confidence:

A	B	Type	Score
OLFM1	OLFM2	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.640
EGFR	OLFM1	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.550
OLFM1	EGFR	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.550
FBXO2	TMEM131L	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
Cep152	SH3PXD2B	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
OLFM1		psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
VCP	SHTN1	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
AFG2A	ESYT2	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
OLFM2	CLGN	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
OLFM1	DISC1	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.000
FMR1	OLFM1	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.000
TRAF3IP1	OLFM1	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.000
DISC1	OLFM1	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.000
RUNX1	OLFM1	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.000

BioGRID (34): ASPH (Affinity Capture-MS), TUBA3C (Affinity Capture-MS), PCOLCE2 (Affinity Capture-MS), OLFM2 (Affinity Capture-MS), TXNDC11 (Affinity Capture-MS), MANEA (Affinity Capture-MS), EDEM2 (Affinity Capture-MS), OLFM1 (Affinity Capture-MS), OLFM2 (Affinity Capture-MS), MANEA (Affinity Capture-MS), TUBA3C (Affinity Capture-MS), ARNTL2 (Affinity Capture-MS), EDEM2 (Affinity Capture-MS), ASPH (Affinity Capture-MS), PCOLCE2 (Affinity Capture-MS)

ESM2 similar proteins: A2BD09, A4IIT5, A6QLD2, O18738, O70624, O75339, O88998, O93279, P05067, P15943, P53601, P63056, P63057, Q06335, Q06481, Q07081, Q0P3W2, Q0V9V5, Q14118, Q14956, Q28685, Q29243, Q29RB4, Q3UZZ4, Q3V1G4, Q5IS80, Q60495, Q62165, Q62609, Q66K08, Q68BL7, Q68BL8, Q6AY06, Q6P7C7, Q6UX06, Q701R2, Q863A3, Q8AXP2, Q8BHP7, Q90372

Diamond homologs: A2BD09, A4IIT5, A6QLD2, B0BNI5, B5MFE9, O70624, O88917, O88923, O88998, O94910, O95490, O95897, O97817, O97827, O97831, P63056, P63057, Q0P3W2, Q0V9V5, Q0VCP3, Q25C36, Q2PT31, Q3UZZ4, Q3V1G4, Q568Y7, Q594P2, Q62609, Q66H86, Q68BL7, Q68BL8, Q6UWY5, Q6UX06, Q80TR1, Q80TS3, Q863A3, Q866N2, Q8BHP7, Q8BK62, Q8BM13, Q8JZZ7

SIGNOR signaling

0 interactions.

Disease & clinical

Clinical variants and AI predictions

ClinVar

37 variants total. Per-class counts are floors (≥ shown; pagination cap):

Classification	Count (floor)
Pathogenic	0
Likely pathogenic	0
Uncertain significance	25
Likely benign	3
Benign	4

Top pathogenic / likely-pathogenic (0)

SpliceAI

1548 predictions. Top by Δscore:

Variant	Effect	Δscore
9:135088135:CCGGC:C	donor_gain	1.0000
9:135088136:CGGC:C	donor_gain	1.0000
9:135088137:GGC:G	donor_gain	1.0000
9:135088137:GGCG:G	donor_gain	1.0000
9:135088138:GC:G	donor_gain	1.0000
9:135088138:GCG:G	donor_gain	1.0000
9:135088140:G:GG	donor_gain	1.0000
9:135088140:G:T	donor_loss	1.0000
9:135088141:TAAG:T	donor_loss	1.0000
9:135090177:C:A	acceptor_gain	1.0000
9:135090191:CCA:C	acceptor_loss	1.0000
9:135090192:CAGGT:C	acceptor_loss	1.0000
9:135090193:AGG:A	acceptor_loss	1.0000
9:135090194:G:C	acceptor_loss	1.0000
9:135090341:GAAG:G	donor_gain	1.0000
9:135090342:AAGG:A	donor_loss	1.0000
9:135090345:G:GG	donor_gain	1.0000
9:135090346:T:G	donor_loss	1.0000
9:135095985:A:T	donor_gain	1.0000
9:135096016:TAAG:T	donor_loss	1.0000
9:135096017:AAG:A	donor_loss	1.0000
9:135096020:G:GA	donor_loss	1.0000
9:135096020:G:GG	donor_gain	1.0000
9:135096021:T:A	donor_loss	1.0000
9:135106747:A:AG	acceptor_gain	1.0000
9:135106748:G:GG	acceptor_gain	1.0000
9:135106748:GCTT:G	acceptor_gain	1.0000
9:135106852:CCGG:C	donor_gain	1.0000
9:135106853:CGG:C	donor_gain	1.0000
9:135106854:GG:G	donor_gain	1.0000

AlphaMissense

3223 scored. Top likely-pathogenic:

Variant	Protein change	am_pathogenicity
9:135090261:T:A	C73S	1.000
9:135090261:T:C	C73R	1.000
9:135090262:G:C	C73S	1.000
9:135090267:T:A	C75S	1.000
9:135090267:T:C	C75R	1.000
9:135090268:G:C	C75S	1.000
9:135090269:C:G	C75W	1.000
9:135106761:T:C	L230S	1.000
9:135106761:T:G	L230W	1.000
9:135106808:T:C	F246L	1.000
9:135106810:C:A	F246L	1.000
9:135106810:C:G	F246L	1.000
9:135106811:G:A	G247R	1.000
9:135106811:G:C	G247R	1.000
9:135106812:G:A	G247E	1.000
9:135106812:G:T	G247V	1.000
9:135106817:T:A	W249R	1.000
9:135106817:T:C	W249R	1.000
9:135106819:G:C	W249C	1.000
9:135106819:G:T	W249C	1.000
9:135119507:T:A	W263R	1.000
9:135119507:T:C	W263R	1.000
9:135119568:T:C	F283S	1.000
9:135119612:T:A	W298R	1.000
9:135119612:T:C	W298R	1.000
9:135119618:G:C	G300R	1.000
9:135119619:G:A	G300D	1.000
9:135119619:G:T	G300V	1.000
9:135119765:T:A	W349R	1.000
9:135119765:T:C	W349R	1.000

dbSNP variants (sampled 300 via entrez): RS1000146549 (9:135088206 G>A), RS1000193007 (9:135075732 G>A,T), RS1000213939 (9:135100556 G>C), RS1000239522 (9:135074097 G>T), RS1000246322 (9:135107521 C>A,G,T), RS1000390479 (9:135099687 T>A,C), RS1000404060 (9:135103639 G>A), RS1000453878 (9:135104306 C>T), RS1000472932 (9:135085695 C>A,G,T), RS1000596807 (9:135107756 C>T), RS1000652199 (9:135112743 T>G), RS1000768120 (9:135112566 G>C), RS1000853281 (9:135095123 T>C), RS1000895710 (9:135120565 C>T), RS1000985681 (9:135106508 C>G,T)

Disease associations

OMIM: gene MIM:605366 | disease phenotypes:

GenCC curated gene-disease

Mondo (0):

Orphanet (0):

HPO phenotypes

0 total (0 of 0 shown, HPO-id order):

GWAS associations

8 associations (top):

Study	Trait	p-value
GCST001325_1	Response to hepatitis C treatment	1.000000e-06
GCST001762_105	Obesity-related traits	1.000000e-06
GCST003940_1	Trans-epidermal water loss	8.000000e-10
GCST006102_14	Interleukin-10 levels	2.000000e-06
GCST006585_2246	Blood protein levels	3.000000e-09
GCST007327_105	Smoking status (ever vs never smokers)	4.000000e-10
GCST008810_64	Smoking initiation (ever regular vs never regular)	1.000000e-08
GCST010396_313	Gut microbiota (bacterial taxa, hurdle binary method)	6.000000e-06

EFO canonical traits (5, from GWAS)

EFO ID	Trait name
EFO:0004697	estradiol measurement
EFO:0004750	interleukin 10 measurement
EFO:0004318	smoking behavior
EFO:0005670	smoking initiation
EFO:0007874	gut microbiome measurement

Drugs & pharmacology

Drug and pharmacology data

Is drug target: no

PharmGKB: 1 entry (VIP=true, CPIC=false)

CTD chemical–gene interactions

61 total (human), top 30 by PubMed support.

Chemical	Actions (top 5)	PubMed papers
Estradiol	affects expression, decreases expression, increases expression	8
Valproic Acid	affects cotreatment, increases expression, affects expression, decreases expression	7
bisphenol A	decreases reaction, increases expression	6
sodium arsenite	affects methylation, decreases expression, increases expression	3
Genistein	increases expression	3
entinostat	affects cotreatment, increases expression	2
Resveratrol	increases expression, decreases expression, affects cotreatment	2
Fulvestrant	decreases reaction, increases expression, decreases expression	2
Vorinostat	affects cotreatment, increases expression, decreases expression	2
Benzo(a)pyrene	decreases methylation, increases methylation, affects methylation, decreases expression	2
Diethylstilbestrol	increases expression	2
Phenylmercuric Acetate	affects cotreatment, decreases expression	2
Silicon Dioxide	decreases expression, increases expression	2
Zearalenone	increases expression	2
bisphenol F	increases expression, decreases reaction	1
methylmercuric chloride	increases expression	1
2,5,2’,5’-tetrachlorobiphenyl	increases expression	1
o,p’-DDT	increases expression	1
afimoxifene	decreases reaction, increases expression	1
butyraldehyde	increases expression	1
perfluorooctanoic acid	affects cotreatment, decreases expression	1
manganese chloride	increases expression	1
2,3-bis(3’-hydroxybenzyl)butyrolactone	affects cotreatment, increases expression	1
CGP 52608	affects binding, increases reaction	1
4-(5-benzo(1,3)dioxol-5-yl-4-pyridin-2-yl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)benzamide	increases expression, decreases expression, affects cotreatment	1
14-deoxy-11,12-didehydroandrographolide	decreases expression	1
abrine	decreases expression	1
2,2’,4,4’-tetrabromodiphenyl ether	affects expression, affects methylation	1
dorsomorphin	affects cotreatment, increases expression, decreases expression	1
bisphenol S	increases expression, decreases reaction	1

Clinical trials (associated diseases)

0 trials via MONDO — disease-level, not drug-specific.