OR14A16

Summary

OR14A16 (olfactory receptor family 14 subfamily A member 16, HGNC:15022) is a protein-coding gene on chromosome 1q44, encoding Olfactory receptor 14A16 (Q8NHC5). Odorant receptor.

Olfactory receptors interact with odorant molecules in the nose, to initiate a neuronal response that triggers the perception of a smell. The olfactory receptor proteins are members of a large family of G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCR) arising from single coding-exon genes. Olfactory receptors share a 7-transmembrane domain structure with many neurotransmitter and hormone receptors and are responsible for the recognition and G protein-mediated transduction of odorant signals. The olfactory receptor gene family is the largest in the genome.

Source: NCBI Gene 284532 — RefSeq curated summary.

At a glance

• Clinical variants (ClinVar): 49 total — 1 pathogenic
• MANE Select transcript: NM_001001966

Identifiers

Gene identifiers

Field	Value
HGNC ID	HGNC:15022
Approved symbol	OR14A16
Name	olfactory receptor family 14 subfamily A member 16
Location	1q44
Locus type	gene with protein product
Status	Approved
Ensembl gene	ENSG00000196772
Ensembl biotype	protein_coding
Entrez	284532

Gene structure

Transcript identifiers

Ensembl transcripts: 1 — 1 protein_coding

ENST00000641093

RefSeq mRNA: 1 — MANE Select: NM_001001966 NM_001001966

CCDS: CCDS31097

Canonical transcript exons

ENST00000641093 — 3 exons

Exon	Start	End
ENSE00003812304	247814660	247815744
ENSE00003812748	247819063	247819177
ENSE00003813721	247823953	247824119

Expression profiles

Bgee: expression breadth tissue_specific, 5 present calls, max score 83.65.

Top tissues by expression

130 total, by Bgee expression score (0-100, higher = more expressed):

Tissue	Anatomy ID	Expression score	Quality
male germ line stem cell (sensu Vertebrata) in testis	CL:0000089 ∩ UBERON:0000473	83.65	gold quality
sural nerve	UBERON:0015488	39.73	gold quality
bone marrow cell	CL:0002092	38.37	gold quality
colonic epithelium	UBERON:0000397	37.20	gold quality
ventricular zone	UBERON:0003053	36.48	gold quality
cortical plate	UBERON:0005343	36.47	gold quality
ganglionic eminence	UBERON:0004023	35.49	gold quality
skeletal muscle tissue	UBERON:0001134	35.03	gold quality
bone marrow	UBERON:0002371	32.87	gold quality
muscle tissue	UBERON:0002385	32.27	gold quality
hindlimb stylopod muscle	UBERON:0004252	32.15	gold quality
right uterine tube	UBERON:0001302	29.91	gold quality
stromal cell of endometrium	CL:0002255	29.87	gold quality
prefrontal cortex	UBERON:0000451	29.04	gold quality
liver	UBERON:0002107	28.94	gold quality
tonsil	UBERON:0002372	28.81	gold quality
duodenum	UBERON:0002114	28.14	gold quality
lymph node	UBERON:0000029	27.57	gold quality
calcaneal tendon	UBERON:0003701	27.41	gold quality
leukocyte	CL:0000738	27.31	gold quality
monocyte	CL:0000576	27.28	gold quality
urinary bladder	UBERON:0001255	26.88	gold quality
islet of Langerhans	UBERON:0000006	26.55	gold quality
blood	UBERON:0000178	26.51	gold quality
vermiform appendix	UBERON:0001154	26.42	gold quality
gall bladder	UBERON:0002110	25.98	gold quality
olfactory segment of nasal mucosa	UBERON:0005386	25.89	gold quality
placenta	UBERON:0001987	25.81	gold quality
adrenal tissue	UBERON:0018303	25.19	gold quality
muscle of leg	UBERON:0001383	25.07	gold quality

Single-cell (SCXA)

Detected in 1 experiment(s), a significant marker in 0.

Experiment	Marker?	Max mean expression
E-ANND-3	no	2.29

Regulation

Is transcription factor: no

Cross-species orthologs

0 orthologs

Paralogs (96): OR5C1 (ENSG00000148215), OR5F1 (ENSG00000149133), OR8K1 (ENSG00000150261), OR5M9 (ENSG00000150269), OR14K1 (ENSG00000153230), OR8J3 (ENSG00000167822), OR5I1 (ENSG00000167825), OR5AU1 (ENSG00000169327), OR9K2 (ENSG00000170605), OR8B12 (ENSG00000170953), OR10H3 (ENSG00000171936), OR8I2 (ENSG00000172154), OR8U1 (ENSG00000172199), OR10V1 (ENSG00000172289), OR5A1 (ENSG00000172320), OR5A2 (ENSG00000172324), OR5B12 (ENSG00000172362), OR5B2 (ENSG00000172365), OR9I1 (ENSG00000172377), OR9G4 (ENSG00000172457), OR5AR1 (ENSG00000172459), OR5AP2 (ENSG00000172464), OR8J1 (ENSG00000172487), OR5B3 (ENSG00000172769), OR10W1 (ENSG00000172772), OR5M3 (ENSG00000174937), OR5J2 (ENSG00000174957), OR10H4 (ENSG00000176231), OR5AN1 (ENSG00000176495), OR14C36 (ENSG00000177174), OR6B3 (ENSG00000178586), OR10Q1 (ENSG00000180475), OR8G2P (ENSG00000181214), OR5AK2 (ENSG00000181273), OR5AK3P (ENSG00000181282), OR5M8 (ENSG00000181371), OR8D4 (ENSG00000181518), OR8H1 (ENSG00000181693), OR8K5 (ENSG00000181752), OR8H3 (ENSG00000181761)

Protein

Protein identifiers

Olfactory receptor 14A16 — Q8NHC5 (reviewed: Q8NHC5)

Alternative names: Olfactory receptor 5AT1, Olfactory receptor OR1-45

All UniProt accessions (1): Q8NHC5

UniProt curated annotations — full annotation on UniProt →

Function. Odorant receptor.

Subcellular location. Cell membrane.

Similarity. Belongs to the G-protein coupled receptor 1 family.

RefSeq proteins (1): NP_001001966* (*=MANE)

Domains & families (InterPro)

ID	Name	Type
IPR000276	GPCR_Rhodpsn	Family
IPR000725	Olfact_rcpt	Family
IPR017452	GPCR_Rhodpsn_7TM	Domain
IPR050516	Olfactory_GPCR	Family

Pfam: PF13853

UniProt features (20 total): topological domain 8, transmembrane region 7, glycosylation site 2, chain 1, disulfide bond 1, sequence variant 1

Structure

Experimental structures (PDB)

0 structures.

Predicted structure (AlphaFold)

Model	pLDDT	Fraction very-high
AF-Q8NHC5-F1	89.08	0.60

Functional residue map

Curated UniProt residues grouped by drug-discovery relevance — catalytic, ligand-binding, modification, and mutation-validated positions. Source: UniProtKB sequence features.

Disulfide bonds (1): 95–187

Glycosylation sites (2): 3, 87

Function

Pathways and Gene Ontology

Reactome pathways

1 pathways

ID	Pathway
R-HSA-9752946	Expression and translocation of olfactory receptors

MSigDB gene sets: 17 (showing top): GOBP_SENSORY_PERCEPTION_OF_CHEMICAL_STIMULUS, KEGG_OLFACTORY_TRANSDUCTION, GOBP_DETECTION_OF_STIMULUS, GOBP_SENSORY_PERCEPTION, chr1q44, GOMF_OLFACTORY_RECEPTOR_ACTIVITY, GOMF_TRANSMEMBRANE_SIGNALING_RECEPTOR_ACTIVITY, GOMF_ODORANT_BINDING, GOMF_G_PROTEIN_COUPLED_RECEPTOR_ACTIVITY, GOBP_SENSORY_PERCEPTION_OF_SMELL, GOBP_G_PROTEIN_COUPLED_RECEPTOR_SIGNALING_PATHWAY, GOBP_DETECTION_OF_STIMULUS_INVOLVED_IN_SENSORY_PERCEPTION, REACTOME_OLFACTORY_SIGNALING_PATHWAY, REACTOME_SENSORY_PERCEPTION, GOBP_DETECTION_OF_CHEMICAL_STIMULUS

GO Biological Process (4): signal transduction (GO:0007165), G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway (GO:0007186), sensory perception of smell (GO:0007608), detection of chemical stimulus involved in sensory perception of smell (GO:0050911)

GO Molecular Function (3): G protein-coupled receptor activity (GO:0004930), olfactory receptor activity (GO:0004984), odorant binding (GO:0005549)

GO Cellular Component (2): plasma membrane (GO:0005886), membrane (GO:0016020)

Reactome top-level categories

Rollup of top-1 pathways:

Category	Pathways
Olfactory Signaling Pathway	1

GO top-level categories

Rollup of top GO terms by namespace:

Category	Terms
transmembrane signaling receptor activity	2
cell communication	1
cellular process	1
signaling	1
regulation of cellular process	1
cellular response to stimulus	1
G protein-coupled receptor activity	1
signal transduction	1
sensory perception of chemical stimulus	1
sensory perception of smell	1
detection of chemical stimulus involved in sensory perception	1
G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway	1
detection of chemical stimulus involved in sensory perception of smell	1
binding	1
membrane	1
cell periphery	1
cellular anatomical structure	1

Protein interactions and networks

STRING

136 interactions, top by confidence (×1000):

Protein A	Protein B	Partner UniProt	Score
OR14A16	KRTAP5-7	Q6L8G8	540
OR14A16	KRTAP5-10	Q6L8G5	509
OR14A16	KRTAP5-11	Q6L8G4	450
OR14A16	KRTAP5-5	Q701N2	447
OR14A16	C19orf33	Q9GZP8	433
OR14A16	HACL2	A1L0T0	419
OR14A16	RTP1	P59025	405
OR14A16	ORMDL1	Q9P0S3	371
OR14A16	HMCN2	Q8NDA2	369
OR14A16	TAS2R60	P59551	345
OR14A16	FNDC3A	Q9Y2H6	338
OR14A16	PRDM12	Q9H4Q4	336
OR14A16	STMN3	Q9NZ72	305
OR14A16	RAB34	Q9BZG1	290
OR14A16	CSRP1	P21291	277

IntAct

0 interactions, top by confidence:

ESM2 similar proteins: A6NDH6, A6NDL8, A6NET4, A6NHG9, A6NKK0, A6NMS3, P0DN80, P23268, P34982, P35898, Q60887, Q60892, Q7TRF3, Q7TS48, Q8NG80, Q8NG85, Q8NGA0, Q8NGE2, Q8NGF7, Q8NGI8, Q8NGL4, Q8NGS5, Q8NGU1, Q8NGU2, Q8NGV6, Q8NGV7, Q8NGY2, Q8NGY6, Q8NGY9, Q8NH16, Q8NH92, Q8NHB7, Q8NHB8, Q8NHC5, Q8NHC6, Q8NHC7, Q8VEX5, Q8VEX6, Q8VF13, Q8VFB9

Diamond homologs: A4D2G3, A6ND48, A6NL26, O43749, O60412, O76099, P0C7N5, P0DMU2, P0DN82, P23265, P23266, P23269, P23272, P23273, P23274, P30953, P30955, P34984, P34985, P34986, P35896, P47887, P47890, P58173, P58181, P58182, P70526, Q0VAX9, Q13606, Q13607, Q15617, Q15619, Q60893, Q6IFN5, Q6UXT6, Q7TQQ0, Q7TRF3, Q8N127, Q8NG98, Q8NGA6

SIGNOR signaling

0 interactions.

Disease & clinical

Clinical variants and AI predictions

ClinVar

49 variants total. Per-class counts are floors (≥ shown; pagination cap):

Classification	Count (floor)
Pathogenic	1
Likely pathogenic	0
Uncertain significance	47
Likely benign	1
Benign	0

Top pathogenic / likely-pathogenic (1)

Variant ID	HGVS	Classification
2498455	GRCh37/hg19 1q44(chr1:245704069-249212562)x1	Pathogenic

SpliceAI

361 predictions. Top by Δscore:

Variant	Effect	Δscore
1:247815061:GA:G	acceptor_gain	0.8400
1:247815058:CTTGA:C	acceptor_gain	0.7800
1:247815063:C:CC	acceptor_gain	0.7800
1:247815059:TTGA:T	acceptor_gain	0.7500
1:247815060:TGA:T	acceptor_gain	0.7400
1:247815186:A:C	donor_gain	0.7400
1:247815082:A:C	acceptor_gain	0.7100
1:247815229:A:AC	donor_gain	0.7000
1:247815230:C:CC	donor_gain	0.7000
1:247815546:T:TA	donor_gain	0.7000
1:247815095:A:C	acceptor_gain	0.6700
1:247815075:C:CT	acceptor_gain	0.6500
1:247815076:G:C	acceptor_gain	0.6500
1:247815101:A:C	acceptor_gain	0.6500
1:247815707:G:C	donor_gain	0.6500
1:247815041:T:TA	donor_gain	0.6400
1:247815101:A:AC	acceptor_gain	0.6300
1:247815451:A:T	acceptor_gain	0.6300
1:247815065:G:GC	acceptor_gain	0.6200
1:247815092:A:C	acceptor_gain	0.6200
1:247815411:ATGCT:A	acceptor_gain	0.6200
1:247815710:A:AC	donor_gain	0.6100
1:247815711:C:CC	donor_gain	0.6100
1:247815179:G:C	donor_gain	0.6000
1:247815187:C:CC	donor_gain	0.6000
1:247815559:CA:C	donor_gain	0.6000
1:247815668:A:C	donor_gain	0.6000
1:247815684:A:AC	donor_gain	0.6000
1:247815700:A:AC	donor_gain	0.6000
1:247815062:ACTG:A	acceptor_loss	0.5900

AlphaMissense

2026 scored. Top likely-pathogenic:

Variant	Protein change	am_pathogenicity
1:247815244:G:C	F162L	0.870
1:247815244:G:T	F162L	0.870
1:247815246:A:G	F162L	0.870
1:247815700:A:C	F10L	0.870
1:247815700:A:T	F10L	0.870
1:247815702:A:G	F10L	0.870
1:247815202:G:C	F176L	0.780
1:247815202:G:T	F176L	0.780
1:247815204:A:G	F176L	0.780
1:247815205:G:C	F175L	0.779
1:247815205:G:T	F175L	0.779
1:247815207:A:G	F175L	0.779
1:247815070:G:C	F220L	0.677
1:247815070:G:T	F220L	0.677
1:247815072:A:G	F220L	0.677
1:247815643:G:C	F29L	0.664
1:247815643:G:T	F29L	0.664
1:247815645:A:G	F29L	0.664
1:247815685:A:C	F15L	0.645
1:247815685:A:T	F15L	0.645
1:247815687:A:G	F15L	0.645
1:247815430:A:C	F100L	0.637
1:247815430:A:T	F100L	0.637
1:247815432:A:G	F100L	0.637
1:247815553:G:C	F59L	0.636
1:247815553:G:T	F59L	0.636
1:247815555:A:G	F59L	0.636
1:247814986:A:C	F248L	0.632
1:247814986:A:T	F248L	0.632
1:247814988:A:G	F248L	0.632

dbSNP variants (sampled 300 via entrez): RS1000237171 (1:247815907 T>C), RS1000437330 (1:247816460 C>T), RS1000576559 (1:247824843 A>G), RS1000758912 (1:247818006 T>A), RS1000896401 (1:247819082 G>A,C,T), RS1000921455 (1:247825618 T>G), RS1001019164 (1:247825448 G>A), RS1001264856 (1:247818762 C>A,T), RS1001396493 (1:247816506 C>T), RS1001929551 (1:247822050 C>T), RS1001931987 (1:247818506 T>C), RS1002086000 (1:247814928 C>T), RS1002655439 (1:247818331 T>C), RS1002750182 (1:247818034 G>A,C,T), RS1003057629 (1:247825429 G>A)

Disease associations

OMIM: gene `` | disease phenotypes:

GenCC curated gene-disease

Mondo (1): prostate cancer (MONDO:0008315)

Orphanet (1): Familial prostate cancer (Orphanet:1331)

HPO phenotypes

0 total (0 of 0 shown, HPO-id order):

GWAS associations

0 associations (top):

MeSH disease descriptors (1)

Descriptor	Name	Tree numbers
D011471	Prostatic Neoplasms	C04.588.945.440.770; C12.100.500.260.750; C12.100.500.565.625; C12.200.294.260.750; C12.200.294.565.625; C12.200.758.409.750; C12.900.619.750

Drugs & pharmacology

Drug and pharmacology data

Is drug target: no

PharmGKB: 1 entry (VIP=true, CPIC=false)

CTD chemical–gene interactions

3 total (human), top 3 by PubMed support.

Chemical	Actions (top 5)	PubMed papers
CGP 52608	affects binding, increases reaction	1
Benzo(a)pyrene	affects methylation, decreases methylation	1
Sodium Selenite	decreases expression	1

Clinical trials (associated diseases)

300 trials via MONDO — disease-level, not drug-specific.

Trial	Phase	Status	Title
NCT00029224	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Treatment With Zoledronic Acid in Patients With Breast Cancer, Multiple Myeloma, and Prostate Cancer With Cancer Related Bone Lesions
NCT00035997	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Open-label Trial on the Effect of I.V. Zoledronic Acid 4 mg on Bone Density in Hormone Sensitive Prostate Cancer Patients With Bone Metastasis
NCT00063609	PHASE4	COMPLETED	The Effect of Zoledronic Acid on Bone Loss in Prostate Cancer Patients Undergoing Androgen Deprivation Therapy
NCT00103623	PHASE4	SUSPENDED	The Plenaxis® Experience Study
NCT00106392	PHASE4	COMPLETED	A Safety and Efficacy Study of Prograf in the Prevention of Erectile Dysfunction After Radical Prostatectomy
NCT00185029	PHASE4	UNKNOWN	MR-Lymphography and Lymph Node Staging in Prostate Cancer
NCT00199485	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Angelica Sinensis for the Treatment of Hot Flashes in Men Undergoing LHRH Therapy for Prostate Cancer
NCT00219219	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Zoledronic Acid in the Prevention of Skeletal-related Events in Hormone Refractory and Hormone-sensitive Prostate Cancer Patients With Bone Metastases
NCT00219271	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Effect Of Zoledronic Acid On Circulating And Bone Marrow-Residing Prostate Cancer Cells In Patients With Clinically Localized Prostate Cancer
NCT00237146	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Study to Evaluate Zoledronic Acid on Quality of Life and Skeletal-related Events as Adjuvant Treatment in Patients With Hormone-naïve Prostate Cancer and Bone Metastasis Who Have Undergone Orchiectomy
NCT00242554	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Open-label Phase IV Clinical Trial to Evaluate the Safety and Tolerability of Zoledronic Acid in Patients With Prostate Cancer and Bone Metastases
NCT00280098	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Docetaxel in the Treatment of Hormone Refractory Prostate Cancer
NCT00293696	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Casodex/Zoladex Biomarkers in Localised Prostate Cancer
NCT00334139	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Effect of Zoledronic Acid on Bone Metabolism in Patients With Bone Metastasis and Prostate or Breast Cancer
NCT00375765	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Effects On Dihydrotestosterone Regulated Gene Expression In Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia Or Prostate Cancer
NCT00391690	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Evaluation of Bone Markers as Diagnostic Tools for Early Detection of Bone Metastases in Patients With High Risk Prostate Cancer
NCT00422708	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Local Anesthesia for Prostate Biopsy
NCT00526331	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Evaluation of Arterial Pressure Based Cardiac Output for Goal-Directed Perioperative Therapy
NCT00590213	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Compare the Value of Prophylactic Versus Therapeutic Breast Radiotherapy in CASODEX
NCT00629330	PHASE4	TERMINATED	Dissemination of Prostate Cancer Screening to PCP’s in African American Communities
NCT00771966	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Radical Prostatectomy and Perioperative Fluid Therapy
NCT00805701	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Study Assessing The Efficacy And Safety Of Avodart (Dutasteride) At Improving Urinary Symptoms In Men With Prostate Cancer Who Are Undergoing Seed Implantation
NCT00859027	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Effect Of Risedronate On Bone Mass In Older Men Receiving Neoadjuvant Therapy For Prostate Cancer
NCT00906269	PHASE4	UNKNOWN	Can Hyperbaric Oxygen Improve Erectile Function Following Surgery for Prostate Cancer
NCT00953277	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Study of Nerve Reconstruction Using AVANCE in Subjects Who Undergo Robotic Assisted Prostatectomy for Treatment of Prostate Cancer
NCT00982800	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Does Postoperative Gabapentin Reduce Pain, Opioid Consumption and Anxiety and Have a Positive Effect on Health Related Quality of Life After Radical Prostatectomy?
NCT01083199	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Global Performance Evaluation of the AMS CONTINUUM™ Device
NCT01136226	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Evaluate Recovery of Testosterone for Patients Using Eligard
NCT01161563	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Randomized Crossover Trial to Assess the Tolerability of Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone (GnRH) Analogue Administration
NCT01230905	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Study to Monitor the Effects of Androgen Suppression Treatment on the Heart
NCT01296672	PHASE4	COMPLETED	3 Month Finasteride Challenge Test Can Significantly Improve the Performance of Screening for Prostate Cancer
NCT01365143	PHASE4	TERMINATED	Prospective Randomized Trial Comparing Robotic Versus Open Radical Prostatectomy
NCT01379742	PHASE4	UNKNOWN	Comparison of Between ThinSeed™ and OncoSeed™ for Permanent Prostate Brachytherapy
NCT01486563	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Hydroxyethyl Starch and Renal Function After Radical Prostatectomy
NCT01511874	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Efficacy and Safety Study of ELIGARD 22.5mg With Prostate Cancer
NCT01512472	PHASE4	TERMINATED	Firmagon (Degarelix) Intermittent Therapy
NCT01547416	PHASE4	COMPLETED	The Effect of Combined General/Epidural Anesthesia Versus General Anesthesia on Diaphragmatic Function
NCT01571544	PHASE4	COMPLETED	The Use of Thermal Suits as Preventing Hypothermia During Surgery
NCT01581749	PHASE4	UNKNOWN	Evaluation of Truebeam for Low-Intermediate Risk Prostate Cancer
NCT01649635	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Study of Cabazitaxel Combined With Prednisone and Prophylaxis of Neutropenia Complications in the Treatment of Patients With Metastatic Castration-resistant Prostate Cancer