OR5AC2

Summary

OR5AC2 (olfactory receptor family 5 subfamily AC member 2, HGNC:15431) is a protein-coding gene on chromosome 3q11.2, encoding Olfactory receptor 5AC2 (Q9NZP5). Odorant receptor.

Olfactory receptors interact with odorant molecules in the nose, to initiate a neuronal response that triggers the perception of a smell. The olfactory receptor proteins are members of a large family of G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCR) arising from single coding-exon genes. Olfactory receptors share a 7-transmembrane domain structure with many neurotransmitter and hormone receptors and are responsible for the recognition and G protein-mediated transduction of odorant signals. The olfactory receptor gene family is the largest in the genome.

Source: NCBI Gene 81050 — RefSeq curated summary.

At a glance

• Clinical variants (ClinVar): 55 total
• MANE Select transcript: NM_054106

Identifiers

Gene identifiers

Field	Value
HGNC ID	HGNC:15431
Approved symbol	OR5AC2
Name	olfactory receptor family 5 subfamily AC member 2
Location	3q11.2
Locus type	gene with protein product
Status	Approved
Aliases	HSA1
Ensembl gene	ENSG00000196578
Ensembl biotype	protein_coding
Entrez	81050

Gene structure

Transcript identifiers

Ensembl transcripts: 1 — 1 protein_coding

ENST00000358642

RefSeq mRNA: 1 — MANE Select: NM_054106 NM_054106

CCDS: CCDS33796

Canonical transcript exons

ENST00000358642 — 1 exons

Exon	Start	End
ENSE00001404952	98087173	98088102

Expression profiles

Bgee: expression breadth not_expressed, 0 present calls, max score 38.26.

Top tissues by expression

120 total, by Bgee expression score (0-100, higher = more expressed):

Tissue	Anatomy ID	Expression score	Quality
bone marrow cell	CL:0002092	38.26	gold quality
colonic epithelium	UBERON:0000397	37.20	gold quality
ventricular zone	UBERON:0003053	36.48	gold quality
cortical plate	UBERON:0005343	36.47	gold quality
ganglionic eminence	UBERON:0004023	35.49	gold quality
skeletal muscle tissue	UBERON:0001134	33.38	gold quality
bone marrow	UBERON:0002371	32.81	gold quality
hindlimb stylopod muscle	UBERON:0004252	32.15	gold quality
muscle tissue	UBERON:0002385	31.06	gold quality
sural nerve	UBERON:0015488	30.93	gold quality
stromal cell of endometrium	CL:0002255	29.87	gold quality
prefrontal cortex	UBERON:0000451	29.04	gold quality
tonsil	UBERON:0002372	28.75	gold quality
monocyte	CL:0000576	28.50	gold quality
leukocyte	CL:0000738	28.42	gold quality
liver	UBERON:0002107	28.42	gold quality
duodenum	UBERON:0002114	28.14	gold quality
lymph node	UBERON:0000029	27.57	gold quality
urinary bladder	UBERON:0001255	26.89	gold quality
islet of Langerhans	UBERON:0000006	26.55	gold quality
vermiform appendix	UBERON:0001154	26.42	gold quality
blood	UBERON:0000178	26.21	gold quality
gall bladder	UBERON:0002110	25.98	gold quality
olfactory segment of nasal mucosa	UBERON:0005386	25.89	gold quality
placenta	UBERON:0001987	25.81	gold quality
primary visual cortex	UBERON:0002436	24.61	gold quality
pancreas	UBERON:0001264	24.44	gold quality
uterine cervix	UBERON:0000002	24.32	gold quality
superior frontal gyrus	UBERON:0002661	24.08	gold quality
frontal cortex	UBERON:0001870	23.80	gold quality

Single-cell (SCXA)

Detected in 1 experiment(s), a significant marker in 0.

Experiment	Marker?	Max mean expression
E-ANND-3	no	1.81

Regulation

Is transcription factor: no

Cross-species orthologs

6 orthologs

Organism	Symbol	Gene ID
mus_musculus	Or5ac20	ENSMUSG00000048810
mus_musculus	Or5ac16	ENSMUSG00000052537
mus_musculus	Or5ac19	ENSMUSG00000074995
mus_musculus	Or5ac17	ENSMUSG00000074996
rattus_norvegicus	Olr1537	ENSRNOG00000075302
rattus_norvegicus		ENSRNOG00000086606

Paralogs (96): OR5C1 (ENSG00000148215), OR5F1 (ENSG00000149133), OR8K1 (ENSG00000150261), OR5M9 (ENSG00000150269), OR14K1 (ENSG00000153230), OR8J3 (ENSG00000167822), OR5I1 (ENSG00000167825), OR5AU1 (ENSG00000169327), OR9K2 (ENSG00000170605), OR8B12 (ENSG00000170953), OR10H3 (ENSG00000171936), OR8I2 (ENSG00000172154), OR8U1 (ENSG00000172199), OR10V1 (ENSG00000172289), OR5A1 (ENSG00000172320), OR5A2 (ENSG00000172324), OR5B12 (ENSG00000172362), OR5B2 (ENSG00000172365), OR9I1 (ENSG00000172377), OR9G4 (ENSG00000172457), OR5AR1 (ENSG00000172459), OR5AP2 (ENSG00000172464), OR8J1 (ENSG00000172487), OR5B3 (ENSG00000172769), OR10W1 (ENSG00000172772), OR5M3 (ENSG00000174937), OR5J2 (ENSG00000174957), OR10H4 (ENSG00000176231), OR5AN1 (ENSG00000176495), OR14C36 (ENSG00000177174), OR6B3 (ENSG00000178586), OR10Q1 (ENSG00000180475), OR8G2P (ENSG00000181214), OR5AK2 (ENSG00000181273), OR5AK3P (ENSG00000181282), OR5M8 (ENSG00000181371), OR8D4 (ENSG00000181518), OR8H1 (ENSG00000181693), OR8K5 (ENSG00000181752), OR8H3 (ENSG00000181761)

Protein

Protein identifiers

Olfactory receptor 5AC2 — Q9NZP5 (reviewed: Q9NZP5)

Alternative names: HSA1

All UniProt accessions (1): Q9NZP5

UniProt curated annotations — full annotation on UniProt →

Function. Odorant receptor.

Subcellular location. Cell membrane.

Similarity. Belongs to the G-protein coupled receptor 1 family.

RefSeq proteins (1): NP_473447* (*=MANE)

Domains & families (InterPro)

ID	Name	Type
IPR000276	GPCR_Rhodpsn	Family
IPR000725	Olfact_rcpt	Family
IPR017452	GPCR_Rhodpsn_7TM	Domain

Pfam: PF13853

UniProt features (19 total): topological domain 8, transmembrane region 7, chain 1, glycosylation site 1, disulfide bond 1, sequence variant 1

Structure

Experimental structures (PDB)

0 structures.

Predicted structure (AlphaFold)

Model	pLDDT	Fraction very-high
AF-Q9NZP5-F1	89.89	0.68

Functional residue map

Curated UniProt residues grouped by drug-discovery relevance — catalytic, ligand-binding, modification, and mutation-validated positions. Source: UniProtKB sequence features.

Disulfide bonds (1): 99–191

Glycosylation sites (1): 7

Function

Pathways and Gene Ontology

Reactome pathways

1 pathways

ID	Pathway
R-HSA-9752946	Expression and translocation of olfactory receptors

MSigDB gene sets: 19 (showing top): GOBP_SENSORY_PERCEPTION_OF_CHEMICAL_STIMULUS, KEGG_OLFACTORY_TRANSDUCTION, GOBP_DETECTION_OF_STIMULUS, GOBP_SENSORY_PERCEPTION, GOMF_OLFACTORY_RECEPTOR_ACTIVITY, GOMF_TRANSMEMBRANE_SIGNALING_RECEPTOR_ACTIVITY, GOMF_ODORANT_BINDING, GOMF_G_PROTEIN_COUPLED_RECEPTOR_ACTIVITY, GOBP_SENSORY_PERCEPTION_OF_SMELL, GOBP_G_PROTEIN_COUPLED_RECEPTOR_SIGNALING_PATHWAY, GOBP_DETECTION_OF_STIMULUS_INVOLVED_IN_SENSORY_PERCEPTION, RAO_BOUND_BY_SALL4_ISOFORM_B, WP_GPCRS_OTHER, REACTOME_OLFACTORY_SIGNALING_PATHWAY, REACTOME_SENSORY_PERCEPTION

GO Biological Process (4): sensory perception of smell (GO:0007608), signal transduction (GO:0007165), G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway (GO:0007186), detection of chemical stimulus involved in sensory perception of smell (GO:0050911)

GO Molecular Function (3): G protein-coupled receptor activity (GO:0004930), olfactory receptor activity (GO:0004984), odorant binding (GO:0005549)

GO Cellular Component (2): plasma membrane (GO:0005886), membrane (GO:0016020)

Reactome top-level categories

Rollup of top-1 pathways:

Category	Pathways
Olfactory Signaling Pathway	1

GO top-level categories

Rollup of top GO terms by namespace:

Category	Terms
transmembrane signaling receptor activity	2
sensory perception of chemical stimulus	1
cell communication	1
cellular process	1
signaling	1
regulation of cellular process	1
cellular response to stimulus	1
G protein-coupled receptor activity	1
signal transduction	1
sensory perception of smell	1
detection of chemical stimulus involved in sensory perception	1
G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway	1
detection of chemical stimulus involved in sensory perception of smell	1
binding	1
membrane	1
cell periphery	1
cellular anatomical structure	1

Protein interactions and networks

STRING

198 interactions, top by confidence (×1000):

Protein A	Protein B	Partner UniProt	Score
OR5AC2	TMEM50B	P56557	369
OR5AC2	STAG2	Q8N3U4	349
OR5AC2	H2AC7	P20671	348
OR5AC2	UNC79	Q9P2D8	306
OR5AC2	RTP1	P59025	289
OR5AC2	SZT2	Q5T011	272
OR5AC2	VPS13D	Q5THJ4	272
OR5AC2	HEMK2	Q9Y5N5	270
OR5AC2	AK3	Q9UIJ7	259
OR5AC2	TSPYL2	Q9H2G4	249
OR5AC2	ARPP21	Q9UBL0	248
OR5AC2	FUT9	Q9Y231	247
OR5AC2	DCXR	Q7Z4W1	247
OR5AC2	GARIN3	Q8TC56	247
OR5AC2	PGM2	Q96G03	246

IntAct

2 interactions, top by confidence:

A	B	Type	Score
ATG16L1	ESYT2	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350

BioGRID (2): OR5AC2 (Affinity Capture-MS), OR5AC2 (Affinity Capture-MS)

ESM2 similar proteins: A3KFT3, P0C628, P34982, P34985, P37068, P37071, Q15612, Q60879, Q8N146, Q8N162, Q8N349, Q8NG80, Q8NG81, Q8NG83, Q8NG85, Q8NG92, Q8NG95, Q8NGA1, Q8NGC7, Q8NGC8, Q8NGC9, Q8NGE0, Q8NGG4, Q8NGI8, Q8NGQ6, Q8NGS4, Q8NGY6, Q8NGY9, Q8NGZ0, Q8NGZ9, Q8NH16, Q8NH74, Q8NHA4, Q8NHB7, Q8NHC8, Q8VEX5, Q8VFR8, Q8VFV4, Q8VFX2, Q8VGI4

Diamond homologs: A6NDH6, A6NET4, A6NHG9, A6NKK0, A6NL26, A6NMS3, O95221, P0C626, P0C628, P0C7N1, P0C7N5, P0DMU2, P0DN80, P34985, P37068, P37070, P37071, P37072, Q13606, Q15617, Q15620, Q60880, Q60882, Q60884, Q60886, Q60893, Q60894, Q6UXT6, Q7TS48, Q8N127, Q8N146, Q8N162, Q8NG75, Q8NG78, Q8NGC0, Q8NGF4, Q8NGF7, Q8NGG0, Q8NGG1, Q8NGG2

SIGNOR signaling

0 interactions.

Disease & clinical

Clinical variants and AI predictions

ClinVar

55 variants total. Per-class counts are floors (≥ shown; pagination cap):

Classification	Count (floor)
Pathogenic	0
Likely pathogenic	0
Uncertain significance	48
Likely benign	5
Benign	2

Top pathogenic / likely-pathogenic (0)

SpliceAI

209 predictions. Top by Δscore:

Variant	Effect	Δscore
3:98087371:G:GA	donor_gain	0.9500
3:98087277:G:GA	donor_gain	0.9400
3:98087370:T:TA	donor_gain	0.8800
3:98087276:T:TA	donor_gain	0.8200
3:98087329:A:T	donor_gain	0.8200
3:98087354:T:G	donor_gain	0.7900
3:98087359:T:G	donor_gain	0.7400
3:98087188:GGAAA:G	donor_gain	0.7300
3:98087225:G:GT	donor_gain	0.6600
3:98087462:C:G	donor_gain	0.6600
3:98087189:GAAA:G	donor_gain	0.6400
3:98087355:G:GG	donor_gain	0.6400
3:98087358:C:CG	donor_gain	0.6400
3:98087611:C:G	donor_gain	0.6400
3:98087278:G:GG	donor_gain	0.6100
3:98087855:T:TA	acceptor_gain	0.6100
3:98087611:C:CG	donor_gain	0.5900
3:98087372:G:GG	donor_gain	0.5800
3:98087373:T:G	donor_gain	0.5800
3:98087418:G:GT	donor_gain	0.5700
3:98087847:T:TA	acceptor_gain	0.5700
3:98087497:A:AG	acceptor_gain	0.5600
3:98087498:G:GG	acceptor_gain	0.5600
3:98087851:ATTCT:A	acceptor_gain	0.5600
3:98087799:A:G	acceptor_gain	0.5500
3:98087833:A:AG	acceptor_gain	0.5500
3:98087248:C:T	donor_gain	0.5400
3:98087607:GTTGC:G	donor_gain	0.5400
3:98087608:TTGCT:T	donor_gain	0.5400
3:98087864:A:G	acceptor_gain	0.5400

AlphaMissense

2024 scored. Top likely-pathogenic:

Variant	Protein change	am_pathogenicity
3:98087680:T:C	F170L	0.926
3:98087682:C:A	F170L	0.926
3:98087682:C:G	F170L	0.926
3:98087212:T:C	F14L	0.908
3:98087214:T:A	F14L	0.908
3:98087214:T:G	F14L	0.908
3:98087707:T:C	F179L	0.871
3:98087709:C:A	F179L	0.871
3:98087709:C:G	F179L	0.871
3:98087717:A:T	E182V	0.797
3:98087543:G:C	R124P	0.794
3:98088049:A:C	S293R	0.788
3:98088051:C:A	S293R	0.788
3:98088051:C:G	S293R	0.788
3:98087497:A:C	S109R	0.782
3:98087499:T:A	S109R	0.782
3:98087499:T:G	S109R	0.782
3:98087213:T:G	F14C	0.776
3:98087213:T:C	F14S	0.774
3:98087269:T:C	F33L	0.747
3:98087271:T:A	F33L	0.747
3:98087271:T:G	F33L	0.747
3:98087488:T:C	F106L	0.736
3:98087490:T:A	F106L	0.736
3:98087490:T:G	F106L	0.736
3:98087681:T:G	F170C	0.736
3:98087532:G:A	M120I	0.732
3:98087532:G:C	M120I	0.732
3:98087532:G:T	M120I	0.732
3:98087408:T:A	I79K	0.724

dbSNP variants (sampled 300 via entrez): RS1000935676 (3:98088416 T>C,G), RS1002461190 (3:98086928 G>A), RS1003712934 (3:98085384 A>G), RS1005014742 (3:98088224 A>C), RS1005892816 (3:98086622 C>G), RS1006572612 (3:98085943 G>A), RS1006620784 (3:98087329 A>G), RS1007316597 (3:98087572 T>C), RS1007388939 (3:98086223 A>G), RS1007696431 (3:98087322 A>G), RS1008249003 (3:98086077 G>A), RS1010724243 (3:98086266 T>A,C), RS1011110116 (3:98086596 A>C,G), RS1011789223 (3:98085940 G>C), RS1013783483 (3:98088401 T>C)

Disease associations

OMIM: gene `` | disease phenotypes:

GenCC curated gene-disease

Mondo (1): prostate cancer (MONDO:0008315)

Orphanet (1): Familial prostate cancer (Orphanet:1331)

HPO phenotypes

0 total (0 of 0 shown, HPO-id order):

GWAS associations

0 associations (top):

MeSH disease descriptors (1)

Descriptor	Name	Tree numbers
D011471	Prostatic Neoplasms	C04.588.945.440.770; C12.100.500.260.750; C12.100.500.565.625; C12.200.294.260.750; C12.200.294.565.625; C12.200.758.409.750; C12.900.619.750

Drugs & pharmacology

Drug and pharmacology data

Is drug target: no

PharmGKB: 1 entry (VIP=true, CPIC=false)

CTD chemical–gene interactions

2 total (human), top 2 by PubMed support.

Chemical	Actions (top 5)	PubMed papers
aristolochic acid I	increases expression	1
Benzo(a)pyrene	decreases methylation	1

Clinical trials (associated diseases)

300 trials via MONDO — disease-level, not drug-specific.

Trial	Phase	Status	Title
NCT00029224	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Treatment With Zoledronic Acid in Patients With Breast Cancer, Multiple Myeloma, and Prostate Cancer With Cancer Related Bone Lesions
NCT00035997	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Open-label Trial on the Effect of I.V. Zoledronic Acid 4 mg on Bone Density in Hormone Sensitive Prostate Cancer Patients With Bone Metastasis
NCT00063609	PHASE4	COMPLETED	The Effect of Zoledronic Acid on Bone Loss in Prostate Cancer Patients Undergoing Androgen Deprivation Therapy
NCT00103623	PHASE4	SUSPENDED	The Plenaxis® Experience Study
NCT00106392	PHASE4	COMPLETED	A Safety and Efficacy Study of Prograf in the Prevention of Erectile Dysfunction After Radical Prostatectomy
NCT00185029	PHASE4	UNKNOWN	MR-Lymphography and Lymph Node Staging in Prostate Cancer
NCT00199485	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Angelica Sinensis for the Treatment of Hot Flashes in Men Undergoing LHRH Therapy for Prostate Cancer
NCT00219219	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Zoledronic Acid in the Prevention of Skeletal-related Events in Hormone Refractory and Hormone-sensitive Prostate Cancer Patients With Bone Metastases
NCT00219271	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Effect Of Zoledronic Acid On Circulating And Bone Marrow-Residing Prostate Cancer Cells In Patients With Clinically Localized Prostate Cancer
NCT00237146	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Study to Evaluate Zoledronic Acid on Quality of Life and Skeletal-related Events as Adjuvant Treatment in Patients With Hormone-naïve Prostate Cancer and Bone Metastasis Who Have Undergone Orchiectomy
NCT00242554	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Open-label Phase IV Clinical Trial to Evaluate the Safety and Tolerability of Zoledronic Acid in Patients With Prostate Cancer and Bone Metastases
NCT00280098	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Docetaxel in the Treatment of Hormone Refractory Prostate Cancer
NCT00293696	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Casodex/Zoladex Biomarkers in Localised Prostate Cancer
NCT00334139	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Effect of Zoledronic Acid on Bone Metabolism in Patients With Bone Metastasis and Prostate or Breast Cancer
NCT00375765	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Effects On Dihydrotestosterone Regulated Gene Expression In Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia Or Prostate Cancer
NCT00391690	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Evaluation of Bone Markers as Diagnostic Tools for Early Detection of Bone Metastases in Patients With High Risk Prostate Cancer
NCT00422708	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Local Anesthesia for Prostate Biopsy
NCT00526331	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Evaluation of Arterial Pressure Based Cardiac Output for Goal-Directed Perioperative Therapy
NCT00590213	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Compare the Value of Prophylactic Versus Therapeutic Breast Radiotherapy in CASODEX
NCT00629330	PHASE4	TERMINATED	Dissemination of Prostate Cancer Screening to PCP’s in African American Communities
NCT00771966	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Radical Prostatectomy and Perioperative Fluid Therapy
NCT00805701	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Study Assessing The Efficacy And Safety Of Avodart (Dutasteride) At Improving Urinary Symptoms In Men With Prostate Cancer Who Are Undergoing Seed Implantation
NCT00859027	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Effect Of Risedronate On Bone Mass In Older Men Receiving Neoadjuvant Therapy For Prostate Cancer
NCT00906269	PHASE4	UNKNOWN	Can Hyperbaric Oxygen Improve Erectile Function Following Surgery for Prostate Cancer
NCT00953277	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Study of Nerve Reconstruction Using AVANCE in Subjects Who Undergo Robotic Assisted Prostatectomy for Treatment of Prostate Cancer
NCT00982800	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Does Postoperative Gabapentin Reduce Pain, Opioid Consumption and Anxiety and Have a Positive Effect on Health Related Quality of Life After Radical Prostatectomy?
NCT01083199	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Global Performance Evaluation of the AMS CONTINUUM™ Device
NCT01136226	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Evaluate Recovery of Testosterone for Patients Using Eligard
NCT01161563	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Randomized Crossover Trial to Assess the Tolerability of Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone (GnRH) Analogue Administration
NCT01230905	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Study to Monitor the Effects of Androgen Suppression Treatment on the Heart
NCT01296672	PHASE4	COMPLETED	3 Month Finasteride Challenge Test Can Significantly Improve the Performance of Screening for Prostate Cancer
NCT01365143	PHASE4	TERMINATED	Prospective Randomized Trial Comparing Robotic Versus Open Radical Prostatectomy
NCT01379742	PHASE4	UNKNOWN	Comparison of Between ThinSeed™ and OncoSeed™ for Permanent Prostate Brachytherapy
NCT01486563	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Hydroxyethyl Starch and Renal Function After Radical Prostatectomy
NCT01511874	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Efficacy and Safety Study of ELIGARD 22.5mg With Prostate Cancer
NCT01512472	PHASE4	TERMINATED	Firmagon (Degarelix) Intermittent Therapy
NCT01547416	PHASE4	COMPLETED	The Effect of Combined General/Epidural Anesthesia Versus General Anesthesia on Diaphragmatic Function
NCT01571544	PHASE4	COMPLETED	The Use of Thermal Suits as Preventing Hypothermia During Surgery
NCT01581749	PHASE4	UNKNOWN	Evaluation of Truebeam for Low-Intermediate Risk Prostate Cancer
NCT01649635	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Study of Cabazitaxel Combined With Prednisone and Prophylaxis of Neutropenia Complications in the Treatment of Patients With Metastatic Castration-resistant Prostate Cancer