OR5B21

Summary

OR5B21 (olfactory receptor family 5 subfamily B member 21, HGNC:19616) is a protein-coding gene on chromosome 11q12.1, encoding Olfactory receptor 5B21 (A6NL26). Odorant receptor.

Olfactory receptors interact with odorant molecules in the nose, to initiate a neuronal response that triggers the perception of a smell. The olfactory receptor proteins are members of a large family of G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCR) arising from single coding-exon genes. Olfactory receptors share a 7-transmembrane domain structure with many neurotransmitter and hormone receptors and are responsible for the recognition and G protein-mediated transduction of odorant signals. The olfactory receptor gene family is the largest in the genome.

Source: NCBI Gene 219968 — RefSeq curated summary.

At a glance

• GWAS associations: 6
• Clinical variants (ClinVar): 41 total
• MANE Select transcript: NM_001005218

Identifiers

Gene identifiers

Field	Value
HGNC ID	HGNC:19616
Approved symbol	OR5B21
Name	olfactory receptor family 5 subfamily B member 21
Location	11q12.1
Locus type	gene with protein product
Status	Approved
Ensembl gene	ENSG00000198283
Ensembl biotype	protein_coding
Entrez	219968

Gene structure

Transcript identifiers

Ensembl transcripts: 1 — 1 protein_coding

ENST00000360374

RefSeq mRNA: 1 — MANE Select: NM_001005218 NM_001005218

CCDS: CCDS31552

Canonical transcript exons

ENST00000360374 — 1 exons

Exon	Start	End
ENSE00001309281	58506807	58508105

Expression profiles

Bgee: expression breadth tissue_specific, 3 present calls, max score 56.93.

Top tissues by expression

119 total, by Bgee expression score (0-100, higher = more expressed):

Tissue	Anatomy ID	Expression score	Quality
primordial germ cell in gonad	CL:0000670 ∩ UBERON:0000991	56.93	gold quality
granulocyte	CL:0000094	43.35	silver quality
colonic epithelium	UBERON:0000397	41.93	gold quality
leukocyte	CL:0000738	39.88	gold quality
monocyte	CL:0000576	38.96	silver quality
bone marrow cell	CL:0002092	38.17	gold quality
ventricular zone	UBERON:0003053	36.48	gold quality
cortical plate	UBERON:0005343	36.47	gold quality
tonsil	UBERON:0002372	36.12	gold quality
ganglionic eminence	UBERON:0004023	35.49	gold quality
bone marrow	UBERON:0002371	32.77	gold quality
hindlimb stylopod muscle	UBERON:0004252	32.15	gold quality
lymph node	UBERON:0000029	31.91	gold quality
blood	UBERON:0000178	31.87	gold quality
right uterine tube	UBERON:0001302	31.01	gold quality
sural nerve	UBERON:0015488	30.93	gold quality
liver	UBERON:0002107	30.67	gold quality
urinary bladder	UBERON:0001255	29.90	gold quality
stromal cell of endometrium	CL:0002255	29.87	gold quality
prefrontal cortex	UBERON:0000451	29.41	gold quality
placenta	UBERON:0001987	28.46	gold quality
duodenum	UBERON:0002114	28.14	gold quality
primary visual cortex	UBERON:0002436	27.79	gold quality
olfactory segment of nasal mucosa	UBERON:0005386	27.69	silver quality
calcaneal tendon	UBERON:0003701	27.18	gold quality
islet of Langerhans	UBERON:0000006	26.98	gold quality
muscle of leg	UBERON:0001383	26.71	gold quality
vermiform appendix	UBERON:0001154	26.42	gold quality
corpus callosum	UBERON:0002336	26.02	gold quality
gall bladder	UBERON:0002110	25.98	gold quality

Single-cell (SCXA)

Detected in 1 experiment(s), a significant marker in 0.

Experiment	Marker?	Max mean expression
E-ANND-3	no	2.12

Regulation

Is transcription factor: no

Cross-species orthologs

2 orthologs

Organism	Symbol	Gene ID
mus_musculus	Or5b21	ENSMUSG00000046272
rattus_norvegicus	Or5b21	ENSRNOG00000089519

Paralogs (96): OR5C1 (ENSG00000148215), OR5F1 (ENSG00000149133), OR8K1 (ENSG00000150261), OR5M9 (ENSG00000150269), OR14K1 (ENSG00000153230), OR8J3 (ENSG00000167822), OR5I1 (ENSG00000167825), OR5AU1 (ENSG00000169327), OR9K2 (ENSG00000170605), OR8B12 (ENSG00000170953), OR10H3 (ENSG00000171936), OR8I2 (ENSG00000172154), OR8U1 (ENSG00000172199), OR10V1 (ENSG00000172289), OR5A1 (ENSG00000172320), OR5A2 (ENSG00000172324), OR5B12 (ENSG00000172362), OR5B2 (ENSG00000172365), OR9I1 (ENSG00000172377), OR9G4 (ENSG00000172457), OR5AR1 (ENSG00000172459), OR5AP2 (ENSG00000172464), OR8J1 (ENSG00000172487), OR5B3 (ENSG00000172769), OR10W1 (ENSG00000172772), OR5M3 (ENSG00000174937), OR5J2 (ENSG00000174957), OR10H4 (ENSG00000176231), OR5AN1 (ENSG00000176495), OR14C36 (ENSG00000177174), OR6B3 (ENSG00000178586), OR10Q1 (ENSG00000180475), OR8G2P (ENSG00000181214), OR5AK2 (ENSG00000181273), OR5AK3P (ENSG00000181282), OR5M8 (ENSG00000181371), OR8D4 (ENSG00000181518), OR8H1 (ENSG00000181693), OR8K5 (ENSG00000181752), OR8H3 (ENSG00000181761)

Protein

Protein identifiers

Olfactory receptor 5B21 — A6NL26 (reviewed: A6NL26)

All UniProt accessions (1): A6NL26

UniProt curated annotations — full annotation on UniProt →

Function. Odorant receptor.

Subcellular location. Cell membrane.

Similarity. Belongs to the G-protein coupled receptor 1 family.

RefSeq proteins (1): NP_001005218* (*=MANE)

Domains & families (InterPro)

ID	Name	Type
IPR000276	GPCR_Rhodpsn	Family
IPR000725	Olfact_rcpt	Family
IPR017452	GPCR_Rhodpsn_7TM	Domain

Pfam: PF13853

UniProt features (20 total): topological domain 8, transmembrane region 7, glycosylation site 2, chain 1, disulfide bond 1, sequence variant 1

Structure

Experimental structures (PDB)

0 structures.

Predicted structure (AlphaFold)

Model	pLDDT	Fraction very-high
AF-A6NL26-F1	88.83	0.60

Functional residue map

Curated UniProt residues grouped by drug-discovery relevance — catalytic, ligand-binding, modification, and mutation-validated positions. Source: UniProtKB sequence features.

Disulfide bonds (1): 95–177

Glycosylation sites (2): 3, 260

Function

Pathways and Gene Ontology

Reactome pathways

1 pathways

ID	Pathway
R-HSA-9752946	Expression and translocation of olfactory receptors

MSigDB gene sets: 17 (showing top): GOBP_SENSORY_PERCEPTION_OF_CHEMICAL_STIMULUS, KEGG_OLFACTORY_TRANSDUCTION, GOBP_DETECTION_OF_STIMULUS, GOBP_SENSORY_PERCEPTION, GOMF_OLFACTORY_RECEPTOR_ACTIVITY, GOMF_TRANSMEMBRANE_SIGNALING_RECEPTOR_ACTIVITY, GOMF_ODORANT_BINDING, GOMF_G_PROTEIN_COUPLED_RECEPTOR_ACTIVITY, GOBP_SENSORY_PERCEPTION_OF_SMELL, GOBP_G_PROTEIN_COUPLED_RECEPTOR_SIGNALING_PATHWAY, GOBP_DETECTION_OF_STIMULUS_INVOLVED_IN_SENSORY_PERCEPTION, REACTOME_OLFACTORY_SIGNALING_PATHWAY, REACTOME_SENSORY_PERCEPTION, GOBP_DETECTION_OF_CHEMICAL_STIMULUS, GOMF_MOLECULAR_TRANSDUCER_ACTIVITY

GO Biological Process (4): G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway (GO:0007186), sensory perception of smell (GO:0007608), signal transduction (GO:0007165), detection of chemical stimulus involved in sensory perception of smell (GO:0050911)

GO Molecular Function (3): G protein-coupled receptor activity (GO:0004930), olfactory receptor activity (GO:0004984), odorant binding (GO:0005549)

GO Cellular Component (2): plasma membrane (GO:0005886), membrane (GO:0016020)

Reactome top-level categories

Rollup of top-1 pathways:

Category	Pathways
Olfactory Signaling Pathway	1

GO top-level categories

Rollup of top GO terms by namespace:

Category	Terms
transmembrane signaling receptor activity	2
G protein-coupled receptor activity	1
signal transduction	1
sensory perception of chemical stimulus	1
cell communication	1
cellular process	1
signaling	1
regulation of cellular process	1
cellular response to stimulus	1
sensory perception of smell	1
detection of chemical stimulus involved in sensory perception	1
G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway	1
detection of chemical stimulus involved in sensory perception of smell	1
binding	1
membrane	1
cell periphery	1
cellular anatomical structure	1

Protein interactions and networks

STRING

106 interactions, top by confidence (×1000):

Protein A	Protein B	Partner UniProt	Score
OR5B21	FOSL1	P15407	180
OR5B21	OR51B4	Q9Y5P0	168
OR5B21	PLAUR	Q03405	166
OR5B21	TNP2	Q05952	162
OR5B21	GNAL	P38405	109
OR5B21	GNAS	Q5JWF2	109
OR5B21	OSCAR	Q8IYS5	102
OR5B21	RTP1	P59025	91
OR5B21	GNG8	Q9UK08	80
OR5B21	REEP1	Q9H902	74
OR5B21	HAUS3	Q68CZ6	73
OR5B21	RTP2	Q5QGT7	69
OR5B21	ARRB2	P32121	56
OR5B21	ARRB1	P49407	56
OR5B21	PRKACA	P17612	42
OR5B21	GRK2	P25098	42

IntAct

0 interactions, top by confidence:

ESM2 similar proteins: A6NL26, O14581, O76100, O95006, P34986, P37068, P37070, P37071, P58173, Q5TZ20, Q60890, Q60893, Q6IEU7, Q8N146, Q8NGA1, Q8NGE9, Q8NGG1, Q8NGG4, Q8NGI9, Q8NGL2, Q8NGP8, Q8NGQ1, Q8NGQ6, Q8NGS0, Q8NGZ4, Q8NGZ9, Q8NH01, Q8NH04, Q8NHC8, Q8VEW5, Q8VEZ0, Q8VF65, Q8VF66, Q8VF76, Q8VFD2, Q8VFL9, Q8VFM9, Q8VFX2, Q8VG02, Q8VG05

Diamond homologs: A0A3B3IT45, A4D2G3, A6NF89, A6NGY5, A6NL08, A6NL26, A6NMU1, A6NND4, O88628, P0C629, P0C646, P0C7N1, P0C7T3, P23266, P23273, P23274, P30954, Q13606, Q60888, Q62007, Q6IF63, Q6IFG1, Q6W049, Q8NGA6, Q8NGF0, Q8NGF1, Q8NGF3, Q8NGG8, Q8NGH5, Q8NGH6, Q8NGH7, Q8NGH8, Q8NGH9, Q8NGI0, Q8NGI1, Q8NGI2, Q8NGI3, Q8NGI7, Q8NGJ2, Q8NGJ3

SIGNOR signaling

1 interactions.

A	Effect	B	Mechanism
OR5B21	“up-regulates activity”	STAT3

Disease & clinical

Clinical variants and AI predictions

ClinVar

41 variants total. Per-class counts are floors (≥ shown; pagination cap):

Classification	Count (floor)
Pathogenic	0
Likely pathogenic	0
Uncertain significance	40
Likely benign	1
Benign	0

Top pathogenic / likely-pathogenic (0)

SpliceAI

270 predictions. Top by Δscore:

Variant	Effect	Δscore
11:58507451:A:C	acceptor_gain	0.8100
11:58507557:C:CT	acceptor_gain	0.7600
11:58507453:A:C	acceptor_gain	0.7500
11:58507558:A:T	acceptor_gain	0.7500
11:58507436:TCTGA:T	acceptor_gain	0.7400
11:58507479:C:CT	acceptor_gain	0.7400
11:58507441:A:AC	acceptor_gain	0.7300
11:58507451:A:AC	acceptor_gain	0.7300
11:58507447:A:AC	acceptor_gain	0.7100
11:58507447:A:C	acceptor_gain	0.7100
11:58507272:CACCA:C	acceptor_gain	0.7000
11:58507444:G:C	acceptor_gain	0.7000
11:58507444:G:GC	acceptor_gain	0.7000
11:58507450:CA:C	acceptor_gain	0.7000
11:58507437:C:G	acceptor_gain	0.6900
11:58507562:G:GC	acceptor_gain	0.6900
11:58507453:A:AC	acceptor_gain	0.6800
11:58507736:CCG:C	donor_gain	0.6700
11:58508039:T:C	donor_gain	0.6700
11:58507277:C:CC	acceptor_gain	0.6500
11:58507435:CT:C	acceptor_gain	0.6500
11:58507461:G:C	acceptor_gain	0.6500
11:58507570:A:AC	acceptor_gain	0.6500
11:58507480:A:T	acceptor_gain	0.6400
11:58507574:C:CT	acceptor_gain	0.6400
11:58507358:C:CT	acceptor_gain	0.6300
11:58507433:TCCT:T	acceptor_gain	0.6200
11:58507434:CCT:C	acceptor_gain	0.6200
11:58507434:CCTC:C	acceptor_gain	0.6200
11:58507435:CTC:C	acceptor_gain	0.6200

AlphaMissense

2035 scored. Top likely-pathogenic:

Variant	Protein change	am_pathogenicity
11:58508076:A:C	F10L	0.938
11:58508076:A:T	F10L	0.938
11:58508078:A:G	F10L	0.938
11:58507608:G:C	F166L	0.861
11:58507608:G:T	F166L	0.861
11:58507610:A:G	F166L	0.861
11:58507581:G:C	F175L	0.857
11:58507581:G:T	F175L	0.857
11:58507583:A:G	F175L	0.857
11:58508077:A:G	F10S	0.834
11:58507620:G:C	F162L	0.831
11:58507620:G:T	F162L	0.831
11:58507622:A:G	F162L	0.831
11:58507578:G:C	F176L	0.823
11:58507578:G:T	F176L	0.823
11:58507580:A:G	F176L	0.823
11:58508019:A:C	F29L	0.791
11:58508019:A:T	F29L	0.791
11:58508021:A:G	F29L	0.791
11:58508077:A:C	F10C	0.758
11:58508062:A:G	L15S	0.744
11:58507284:A:C	F274L	0.737
11:58507284:A:T	F274L	0.737
11:58507286:A:G	F274L	0.737
11:58507242:G:C	S288R	0.732
11:58507242:G:T	S288R	0.732
11:58507244:T:G	S288R	0.732
11:58507791:A:C	F105L	0.707
11:58507791:A:T	F105L	0.707
11:58507793:A:G	F105L	0.707

dbSNP variants (sampled 300 via entrez): RS1000010801 (11:58507026 C>G,T), RS1000814702 (11:58507505 C>T), RS1002022746 (11:58507162 C>T), RS1004492409 (11:58509374 T>C), RS1004539889 (11:58509136 A>C), RS1006079148 (11:58507093 C>G,T), RS1006158367 (11:58508036 G>A,T), RS1006731600 (11:58506755 A>C,G), RS1007095173 (11:58508678 C>T), RS1007375792 (11:58507645 G>T), RS1012358492 (11:58509716 T>A), RS1013903265 (11:58508950 C>T), RS1013957030 (11:58509222 C>G,T), RS1014343358 (11:58506971 G>C), RS1015853256 (11:58509376 C>A)

Disease associations

OMIM: gene `` | disease phenotypes:

GenCC curated gene-disease

Mondo (0):

Orphanet (0):

HPO phenotypes

0 total (0 of 0 shown, HPO-id order):

GWAS associations

6 associations (top):

Study	Trait	p-value
GCST004133_47	Ulcerative colitis	9.000000e-06
GCST005537_73	Chronic inflammatory diseases (ankylosing spondylitis, Crohn’s disease, psoriasis, primary sclerosing cholangitis, ulcerative colitis) (pleiotropy)	2.000000e-07
GCST006919_4	Ability to confide in someone	9.000000e-08
GCST006923_2	Loneliness	3.000000e-06
GCST006924_11	Loneliness (MTAG)	8.000000e-09
GCST007565_17	Morning person	1.000000e-13

EFO canonical traits (3, from GWAS)

EFO ID	Trait name
EFO:0009592	social interaction measurement
EFO:0007865	loneliness measurement
EFO:0008328	chronotype measurement

Drugs & pharmacology

Drug and pharmacology data

Is drug target: no

PharmGKB: 1 entry (VIP=true, CPIC=false)

CTD chemical–gene interactions

2 total (human), top 2 by PubMed support.

Chemical	Actions (top 5)	PubMed papers
CGP 52608	affects binding, increases reaction	1
Benzo(a)pyrene	increases methylation	1

Clinical trials (associated diseases)

0 trials via MONDO — disease-level, not drug-specific.