ORM2

gene
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Also known as AGP-BAGP-B'AGP2

Summary

ORM2 (orosomucoid 2, HGNC:8499) is a protein-coding gene on chromosome 9q32, encoding Alpha-1-acid glycoprotein 2 (P19652). Functions as a transport protein in the blood stream.

This gene encodes a key acute phase plasma protein. Because of its increase due to acute inflammation, this protein is classified as an acute-phase reactant. The specific function of this protein has not yet been determined; however, it may be involved in aspects of immunosuppression.

Source: NCBI Gene 5005 — RefSeq curated summary.

At a glance

  • Clinical variants (ClinVar): 21 total
  • Druggable target: yes
  • MANE Select transcript: NM_000608

Identifiers

Gene identifiers

FieldValue
HGNC IDHGNC:8499
Approved symbolORM2
Nameorosomucoid 2
Location9q32
Locus typegene with protein product
StatusApproved
AliasesAGP-B, AGP-B’, AGP2
Ensembl geneENSG00000228278
Ensembl biotypeprotein_coding
OMIM138610
Entrez5005

Gene structure

Transcript identifiers

Ensembl transcripts: 10 — 10 protein_coding

ENST00000431067, ENST00000893195, ENST00000893196, ENST00000893197, ENST00000893198, ENST00000893199, ENST00000893200, ENST00000893201, ENST00000893202, ENST00000893203

RefSeq mRNA: 1 — MANE Select: NM_000608 NM_000608

CCDS: CCDS6804

Canonical transcript exons

ENST00000431067 — 6 exons

ExonStartEnd
ENSE00001652131114331826114331929
ENSE00001661610114330434114330576
ENSE00001828785114333069114333251
ENSE00001882975114329869114330018
ENSE00003564083114331567114331674
ENSE00003647498114330792114330862

Expression profiles

Bgee: expression breadth ubiquitous, 158 present calls, max score 99.92.

Top tissues by expression

286 total, by Bgee expression score (0-100, higher = more expressed):

TissueAnatomy IDExpression scoreQuality
right lobe of liverUBERON:000111499.92gold quality
liverUBERON:000210799.52gold quality
male germ line stem cell (sensu Vertebrata) in testisCL:0000089 ∩ UBERON:000047385.27silver quality
bone marrowUBERON:000237178.93gold quality
body of stomachUBERON:000116178.27gold quality
granulocyteCL:000009476.22gold quality
stomachUBERON:000094574.05gold quality
right lungUBERON:000216773.10gold quality
bloodUBERON:000017872.44gold quality
bone marrow cellCL:000209271.73gold quality
upper lobe of left lungUBERON:000895270.97gold quality
right adrenal glandUBERON:000123370.92gold quality
spleenUBERON:000210669.86gold quality
upper lobe of lungUBERON:000894869.86gold quality
fundus of stomachUBERON:000116069.34gold quality
leukocyteCL:000073868.80gold quality
prostate glandUBERON:000236768.67gold quality
monocyteCL:000057668.54gold quality
mononuclear cellCL:000084268.37gold quality
right uterine tubeUBERON:000130267.08gold quality
left adrenal glandUBERON:000123466.77gold quality
vermiform appendixUBERON:000115465.40gold quality
right adrenal gland cortexUBERON:003582764.59gold quality
left adrenal gland cortexUBERON:003582564.50gold quality
lower esophagus mucosaUBERON:003583463.96gold quality
adrenal glandUBERON:000236963.71gold quality
adrenal cortexUBERON:000123562.82gold quality
small intestine Peyer’s patchUBERON:000345461.48gold quality
caecumUBERON:000115361.47gold quality
endocervixUBERON:000045861.45gold quality

Single-cell (SCXA)

Detected in 3 experiment(s), a significant marker in 2.

ExperimentMarker?Max mean expression
E-HCAD-9yes8312.28
E-MTAB-10553yes3753.24
E-ANND-3no0.00

Regulation

Is transcription factor: no

Upstream regulators (CollecTRI, top): AR

miRNA regulators (miRDB)

16 targeting ORM2, top 30 by miRDB confidence (max_score; target_count = how many genes the miRNA targets in total — lower means more specific):

miRNAMax scoreAvg scoremiRNA target_count
HSA-MIR-4510100.0066.602050
HSA-MIR-6127100.0066.762188
HSA-MIR-6129100.0066.462080
HSA-MIR-6130100.0066.692012
HSA-MIR-6133100.0066.482064
HSA-MIR-450099.9972.722367
HSA-MIR-320A-3P99.7769.732107
HSA-MIR-320B99.7769.732107
HSA-MIR-320C99.7769.732107
HSA-MIR-320D99.7769.732107
HSA-MIR-442999.7769.622111
HSA-MIR-1249-5P99.6166.552049
HSA-MIR-464399.4967.631791
HSA-MIR-6515-5P97.0865.481219
HSA-MIR-3126-5P96.8765.83912
HSA-MIR-6875-5P96.8765.49958

Literature-anchored findings (GeneRIF, showing 21)

  • structure of the alpha1-acid glycoprotein (AGP), or orosomucoid (ORM), gene was investigated in a Ghanaian mother and her child, who shared an unusual variant, ORM1 S2(C), found by isoelectric focusing (PMID:11587070)
  • folds as a highly symmetrical all-beta protein dominated by a single eight-stranded antiparallel beta-sheet (PMID:12480518)
  • the sera of patients with acute inflammation demonstrated increased numbers of bi-antennary and alpha1,3-fucosylated N-glycan structures at each glycosylation site (PMID:15863355)
  • The binding of coumarin enantiomers to ORM2 is studied. (PMID:16290938)
  • Results describe the thermal unfolding and reversibility of temperature-induced changes in alpha(1)-acid glycoprotein. (PMID:16331959)
  • A different distribution of the area percentage of AGP forms is observed when comparing samples from diseased and healthy individuals, the most acidic AGP forms being present in a higher proportion in the samples from cancer patients. (PMID:17987628)
  • The results indicate that, in accordance with prior expectations, the ORM2 variant is responsible for the acute-phase property of alpha-1 acid glycoprotein. (PMID:19018521)
  • Characterized are more than 150 human Alpha-1-acid glycoprotein isoforms, differing both in the amino acid sequence and in the glycosylation. (PMID:20617306)
  • Identify ORM genetic variations/haplotype structure associated with serum alpha-1-acid glycoprotein level and the pharmacokinetics of paclitaxel in Japanese cancer patients. (PMID:21638284)
  • Alteration in expression of ORM2 suggests that ORM2 could be used as a potential biomarker in the diagnosis of colorectal cancer. (PMID:22363757)
  • Data suggest that human serum albumin (HSA) might serve as a carrier in delivering chitooligomers to target tissues than alpha-1-glycoprotein (AGP) which has pharmacological importance. (PMID:24359035)
  • These findings suggest that the ORM distal promoter region differentially regulates expression of ORM genes at basal level and in acute phase responses. (PMID:24389491)
  • Data indicate that the band intensity of sialic acid content in alpha-1 Acid glycoprotein (AGP) of alcoholic liver cirrhosis was found to be lower than that in pooled control group. (PMID:25408356)
  • Low ORM2 expression is associated with metastasis in hepatocellular carcinoma. (PMID:25965830)
  • Neural cell interactions are important for brain physiology and pathology. Particularly, the interaction between non-neuronal cells plays a central role in regulating brain inflammation, which is closely linked to many brain disorders. Here, we newly identified orosomucoid-2 (ORM2) as an endogenous protein that mediates such non-neuronal glial cell interactions (PMID:28193696)
  • Studies suggest plasma alpha-1-acid glycoprotein (AAG) as a potential predictive biomarker of docetaxel non-haematological AEs namely oral mucositis and rash. (PMID:28554261)
  • the glycosylation change of alpha-1-acid glycoprotein (AGP) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), cirrhosis and controls (PMID:28621608)
  • Urinary ORM-2 and sCD14 levels were increased in patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis and were correlated with the disease activity. (PMID:30600953)
  • Orosomucoid in liver diseases. (PMID:34963738)
  • Diagnostic role of plasma ORM2 in differentiating prostate cancer from benign prostatic hyperplasia. (PMID:36198834)
  • Influence of Intrauterine Inflammation, Delivery, and Postnatal Feeding on the Temporal Changes of Serum Alpha 1 Acid Glycoprotein Levels in Extremely-Low-Birth-Weight Infants. (PMID:36501194)

Cross-species orthologs

5 orthologs

OrganismSymbolGene ID
danio_rerioapomENSDARG00000076838
mus_musculusOrm3ENSMUSG00000028359
mus_musculusOrm1ENSMUSG00000039196
mus_musculusOrm2ENSMUSG00000061540
rattus_norvegicusOrm1ENSRNOG00000007886

Paralogs (1): ORM1 (ENSG00000229314)

Protein

Protein identifiers

Alpha-1-acid glycoprotein 2P19652 (reviewed: P19652)

Alternative names: Orosomucoid-2

All UniProt accessions (1): P19652

UniProt curated annotations — full annotation on UniProt →

Function. Functions as a transport protein in the blood stream. Binds various hydrophobic ligands in the interior of its beta-barrel domain. Also binds synthetic drugs and influences their distribution and availability. Appears to function in modulating the activity of the immune system during the acute-phase reaction.

Subcellular location. Secreted.

Tissue specificity. Expressed by the liver and secreted in plasma.

Post-translational modifications. N-glycosylated. N-glycan heterogeneity at Asn-33: Hex5HexNAc4 (minor), Hex6HexNAc5 (major) and dHex1Hex6HexNAc5 (minor).

Domain organisation. Contains a beta-barrel that binds various ligands in its interior.

Induction. Synthesis is controlled by glucocorticoids, interleukin-1 and interleukin-6, It increases 5- to 50-fold upon inflammation.

Polymorphism. Many different variants of ORM2 are known.

Similarity. Belongs to the calycin superfamily. Lipocalin family.

RefSeq proteins (1): NP_000599* (*=MANE)

Domains & families (InterPro)

IDNameType
IPR000566Lipocln_cytosolic_FA-bd_domDomain
IPR001500A1A_glycopFamily
IPR012674CalycinHomologous_superfamily

Pfam: PF00061

UniProt features (39 total): strand 8, helix 6, sequence variant 5, sequence conflict 5, turn 5, glycosylation site 5, disulfide bond 2, signal peptide 1, chain 1, modified residue 1

Structure

Experimental structures (PDB)

5 structures.

PDBMethodResolution (Å)
7OUBX-RAY DIFFRACTION1.82
3APUX-RAY DIFFRACTION2.1
3APVX-RAY DIFFRACTION2.15
3APWX-RAY DIFFRACTION2.2
3APXX-RAY DIFFRACTION2.2

Predicted structure (AlphaFold)

ModelpLDDTFraction very-high
AF-P19652-F191.680.84

Functional residue map

Curated UniProt residues grouped by drug-discovery relevance — catalytic, ligand-binding, modification, and mutation-validated positions. Source: UniProtKB sequence features.

Post-translational modifications (1): 19

Disulfide bonds (2): 23–165, 90–183

Glycosylation sites (5): 33, 56, 72, 93, 103

Function

Pathways and Gene Ontology

Reactome pathways

7 pathways

IDPathway
R-HSA-114608Platelet degranulation
R-HSA-6798695Neutrophil degranulation
R-HSA-109582Hemostasis
R-HSA-168249Innate Immune System
R-HSA-168256Immune System
R-HSA-76002Platelet activation, signaling and aggregation
R-HSA-76005Response to elevated platelet cytosolic Ca2+

MSigDB gene sets: 93 (showing top): MODULE_52, REACTOME_INNATE_IMMUNE_SYSTEM, GOBP_INFLAMMATORY_RESPONSE, GNF2_GSTM1, GOCC_SECRETORY_GRANULE, REACTOME_PLATELET_ACTIVATION_SIGNALING_AND_AGGREGATION, MODULE_45, GNF2_HPN, GOBP_POSITIVE_REGULATION_OF_CYTOKINE_PRODUCTION, MODULE_16, GOBP_INTERLEUKIN_1_PRODUCTION, GOBP_POSITIVE_REGULATION_OF_TUMOR_NECROSIS_FACTOR_SUPERFAMILY_CYTOKINE_PRODUCTION, MODULE_66, MODULE_118, MODULE_75

GO Biological Process (5): regulation of immune system process (GO:0002682), acute-phase response (GO:0006953), positive regulation of interleukin-1 beta production (GO:0032731), positive regulation of interleukin-1 production (GO:0032732), positive regulation of tumor necrosis factor production (GO:0032760)

GO Molecular Function (1): protein binding (GO:0005515)

GO Cellular Component (7): extracellular region (GO:0005576), obsolete extracellular space (GO:0005615), platelet alpha granule lumen (GO:0031093), azurophil granule lumen (GO:0035578), specific granule lumen (GO:0035580), extracellular exosome (GO:0070062), blood microparticle (GO:0072562)

Reactome top-level categories

Rollup of top-5 pathways:

CategoryPathways
Response to elevated platelet cytosolic Ca2+1
Innate Immune System1
Immune System1
Hemostasis1
Platelet activation, signaling and aggregation1

GO top-level categories

Rollup of top GO terms by namespace:

CategoryTerms
secretory granule lumen3
cellular anatomical structure2
immune system process1
regulation of biological process1
acute inflammatory response1
interleukin-1 beta production1
regulation of interleukin-1 beta production1
positive regulation of interleukin-1 production1
positive regulation of cytokine production1
interleukin-1 production1
regulation of interleukin-1 production1
tumor necrosis factor production1
regulation of tumor necrosis factor production1
positive regulation of tumor necrosis factor superfamily cytokine production1
binding1
platelet alpha granule1
vacuolar lumen1
azurophil granule1
specific granule1
extracellular vesicle1
extracellular region1

Protein interactions and networks

STRING

1136 interactions, top by confidence (×1000):

Protein AProtein BPartner UniProtScore
ORM2ALBP02768998
ORM2SERPINA1P01009949
ORM2HPP00737929
ORM2CPP00450898
ORM2CRPP02741869
ORM2ORMDL1Q9P0S3851
ORM2AHSGP02765849
ORM2AMBPP00977840
ORM2SERPINA3P01011830
ORM2ORMDL2Q53FV1820
ORM2A2MP01023798
ORM2TTRP02766797
ORM2APOA1P02647778
ORM2ORMDL3Q8N138774
ORM2HPXP02790770

IntAct

22 interactions, top by confidence:

ABTypeScore
ORM1ORM2psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.620
ORM2ORM1psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)0.620
ORM1ORM2psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)0.620
LECT2psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)0.400
STK3ORM2psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)0.370
CYP39A1ORM2psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)0.370
PRDX6ORM2psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)0.370
GDPD1CPpsi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.350
GNG8POTEFpsi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.350
PPP2R2BA2ML1psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.350
CDKN1BYKT6psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.350
PHF11A2ML1psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.350
RHBDD1A2ML1psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.350
P2RX6A2ML1psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.350
MATN2IGLL5psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.350
UBE2UIGLL5psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.350
KLK10IGLL5psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.350
SCGB1D1IGLL5psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.350
psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.350

BioGRID (21): ORM2 (Affinity Capture-MS), ORM2 (Affinity Capture-MS), ORM2 (Affinity Capture-MS), ORM2 (Affinity Capture-MS), ORM2 (Affinity Capture-MS), ORM2 (Affinity Capture-MS), ORM2 (Affinity Capture-MS), ORM2 (Affinity Capture-MS), ORM2 (Affinity Capture-MS), ORM2 (Affinity Capture-MS), ORM2 (Affinity Capture-MS), ORM2 (Affinity Capture-MS), ORM2 (Affinity Capture-MS), ORM2 (Affinity Capture-MS), ORM1 (Affinity Capture-MS)

ESM2 similar proteins: A2AEP0, A2AJB7, A2BIM8, B5X0G2, F0UZ12, H2B3G5, O08976, O18874, P02762, P02763, P02764, P04938, P06910, P06911, P07361, P07435, P08937, P09465, P11588, P11589, P11591, P14630, P15399, P19652, P20462, P21350, P21352, P21760, P35578, P81245, P81608, P83508, Q28133, Q29144, Q29147, Q29614, Q2LE37, Q3SZR3, Q5R894, Q5VFH6

Diamond homologs: P02763, P02764, P07361, P19652, P21350, P21352, P25227, Q3SZR3, Q60590, Q63805

SIGNOR signaling

1 interactions.

AEffectBMechanism
NPR1“up-regulates activity”ORM2phosphorylation

Disease & clinical

Clinical variants and AI predictions

ClinVar

21 variants total. Per-class counts are floors (≥ shown; pagination cap):

ClassificationCount (floor)
Pathogenic0
Likely pathogenic0
Uncertain significance14
Likely benign4
Benign0

Top pathogenic / likely-pathogenic (0)

SpliceAI

641 predictions. Top by Δscore:

VariantEffectΔscore
9:114330017:GG:Gdonor_gain1.0000
9:114330018:GG:Gdonor_gain1.0000
9:114330772:C:CAacceptor_gain1.0000
9:114330779:T:TAacceptor_gain1.0000
9:114330780:G:Aacceptor_gain1.0000
9:114330790:A:AGacceptor_gain1.0000
9:114330791:G:GGacceptor_gain1.0000
9:114330858:A:Gdonor_gain1.0000
9:114331563:CCA:Cacceptor_loss1.0000
9:114331565:A:AGacceptor_gain1.0000
9:114331565:AGAG:Aacceptor_gain1.0000
9:114331565:AGAGG:Aacceptor_gain1.0000
9:114331566:G:GGacceptor_gain1.0000
9:114331566:GA:Gacceptor_gain1.0000
9:114331566:GAGG:Gacceptor_gain1.0000
9:114331566:GAGGG:Gacceptor_gain1.0000
9:114331821:T:TAacceptor_gain1.0000
9:114331821:TGCA:Tacceptor_loss1.0000
9:114331822:GCAG:Gacceptor_loss1.0000
9:114331823:CAGCT:Cacceptor_loss1.0000
9:114331824:A:AGacceptor_gain1.0000
9:114331824:AGCT:Aacceptor_gain1.0000
9:114331825:G:GTacceptor_gain1.0000
9:114331825:GC:Gacceptor_gain1.0000
9:114331825:GCT:Gacceptor_gain1.0000
9:114331825:GCTG:Gacceptor_gain1.0000
9:114331825:GCTGA:Gacceptor_gain1.0000
9:114331928:AG:Adonor_loss1.0000
9:114331929:GGTAA:Gdonor_loss1.0000
9:114331930:GT:Gdonor_loss1.0000

AlphaMissense

1315 scored. Top likely-pathogenic:

VariantProtein changeam_pathogenicity
9:114330449:T:CF44L0.980
9:114330451:T:AF44L0.980
9:114330451:T:GF44L0.980
9:114330802:T:AC90S0.978
9:114330803:G:CC90S0.978
9:114330446:T:AW43R0.975
9:114330446:T:CW43R0.975
9:114330448:G:CW43C0.973
9:114330448:G:TW43C0.973
9:114330802:T:CC90R0.973
9:114333075:T:AC183S0.973
9:114333076:G:CC183S0.973
9:114331864:T:CF159L0.969
9:114331866:C:AF159L0.969
9:114331866:C:GF159L0.969
9:114331865:T:CF159S0.966
9:114330804:C:GC90W0.962
9:114330515:T:CF66L0.961
9:114330517:C:AF66L0.961
9:114330517:C:GF66L0.961
9:114330459:C:AA47E0.958
9:114333075:T:CC183R0.957
9:114330461:T:CS48P0.952
9:114330803:G:AC90Y0.951
9:114329935:A:CS11R0.948
9:114329937:C:AS11R0.948
9:114329937:C:GS11R0.948
9:114331865:T:GF159C0.947
9:114333076:G:AC183Y0.946
9:114330803:G:TC90F0.944

dbSNP variants (sampled 300 via entrez): RS1001633471 (9:114333351 GC>G,GCC), RS1002905971 (9:114332357 A>C,G), RS1004687526 (9:114333312 G>A,C), RS1005038826 (9:114333003 G>A,C), RS1006408131 (9:114332319 T>C,G), RS1006767272 (9:114332003 G>A), RS1006857116 (9:114332835 G>A), RS1007600038 (9:114331711 T>C,G), RS1007805037 (9:114331560 C>T), RS1008860480 (9:114330775 C>G,T), RS1010213017 (9:114332615 T>C), RS1010495778 (9:114331321 C>A,G), RS1010546722 (9:114331499 C>A,T), RS1012509877 (9:114331269 A>C), RS1014134401 (9:114329636 C>T)

Disease associations

OMIM: gene MIM:138610 | disease phenotypes:

GenCC curated gene-disease

Mondo (0):

Orphanet (0):

HPO phenotypes

0 total (0 of 0 shown, HPO-id order):

GWAS associations

0 associations (top):

Drugs & pharmacology

Drug and pharmacology data

Is drug target: yes

ChEMBL targets (1): CHEMBL5958 (SINGLE PROTEIN)

PharmGKB: 1 entry (VIP=true, CPIC=false)

PharmGKB clinical annotations

1 annotations.

VariantTypeLevelDrugsPhenotypes
rs2250242Metabolism/PK3docetaxelProstatic Neoplasms

PharmGKB variants

2 variants.

VariantGenesLevelScore#Clin annotsDrugs
rs1687390ORM1, ORM20.000
rs2250242AKNA, ORM231.001docetaxel

CTD chemical–gene interactions

41 total (human), top 30 by PubMed support.

ChemicalActions (top 5)PubMed papers
Folic Aciddecreases expression, affects cotreatment, increases expression2
Valproic Aciddecreases expression, decreases methylation, increases expression2
Cyclosporineincreases expression, decreases expression2
methylmercuric chlorideincreases expression1
methyleugenoldecreases expression1
triphenyl phosphateaffects expression1
bisphenol Aaffects expression1
sodium arsenitedecreases expression1
benazol Paffects expression1
di-n-butylphosphoric acidaffects expression1
CGP 52608affects binding, increases reaction1
acylinedecreases expression1
entinostatdecreases expression1
K 7174decreases expression1
belinostatdecreases expression1
theaflavin-3,3’-digallateaffects expression1
Panobinostatdecreases expression1
Ethanolaffects cotreatment, increases expression1
Benzo(a)pyrenedecreases expression1
Cadmiumaffects binding1
Calcitriolincreases expression, affects cotreatment1
Chlorpromazineaffects binding, decreases reaction1
Dipyridamoleaffects binding, decreases reaction1
Disopyramideaffects binding, decreases reaction1
Imipraminedecreases reaction, affects binding1
Leadaffects binding1
Lidocaineaffects binding, decreases reaction1
Methadonedecreases reaction, affects binding1
Nickelaffects binding1
Phenylmercuric Acetatedecreases expression1

ChEMBL screening assays

1 unique, capped per target: 1 binding

Representative assays (with source publication via chembl_document):

Assay IDTypeDescriptionSource paper
CHEMBL936357BindingBinding affinity to human ORM2 at 37 degC by induced circular dichroism methodSelective plasma protein binding of antimalarial drugs to alpha1-acid glycoprotein. — Bioorg Med Chem

Clinical trials (associated diseases)

0 trials via MONDO — disease-level, not drug-specific.

No linked Atlas pages yet — the cross-entity mesh grows as the corpus expands.