OSCAR

Summary

OSCAR (osteoclast associated Ig-like receptor, HGNC:29960) is a protein-coding gene on chromosome 19q13.42, encoding Osteoclast-associated immunoglobulin-like receptor (Q8IYS5). Regulator of osteoclastogenesis which plays an important bone-specific function in osteoclast differentiation.

Osteoclasts are multinucleated cells that resorb bone and are essential for bone homeostasis. This gene encodes an osteoclast-associated receptor (OSCAR), which is a member of the leukocyte receptor complex protein family that plays critical roles in the regulation of both innate and adaptive immune responses. The encoded protein may play a role in oxidative stress-mediated atherogenesis as well as monocyte adhesion. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene.

Source: NCBI Gene 126014 — RefSeq curated summary.

At a glance

• GWAS associations: 2
• Clinical variants (ClinVar): 65 total
• MANE Select transcript: NM_133169

Identifiers

Gene identifiers

Field	Value
HGNC ID	HGNC:29960
Approved symbol	OSCAR
Name	osteoclast associated Ig-like receptor
Location	19q13.42
Locus type	gene with protein product
Status	Approved
Ensembl gene	ENSG00000170909
Ensembl biotype	protein_coding
OMIM	606862
Entrez	126014

Gene structure

Transcript identifiers

Ensembl transcripts: 11 — 11 protein_coding

ENST00000284648, ENST00000351806, ENST00000356532, ENST00000358375, ENST00000359649, ENST00000391760, ENST00000391761, ENST00000611261, ENST00000616215, ENST00000617140, ENST00000956182

RefSeq mRNA: 6 — MANE Select: NM_133169 NM_001282349, NM_001282350, NM_130771, NM_133168, NM_133169, NM_206818

CCDS: CCDS12873, CCDS12874, CCDS12875, CCDS12876, CCDS62789, CCDS74444

Canonical transcript exons

ENST00000358375 — 5 exons

Exon	Start	End
ENSE00001122831	54099748	54099780
ENSE00001122848	54096862	54097164
ENSE00001282363	54095872	54096153
ENSE00001892626	54100756	54100803
ENSE00003937192	54094668	54095357

Expression profiles

Bgee: expression breadth ubiquitous, 132 present calls, max score 96.37.

FANTOM5 (CAGE): breadth broad, TPM avg 6.9612 / max 162.7968, expressed in 567 samples.

FANTOM5 promoters (1 alternative TSS)

Promoter ID	TPM avg	Samples expressed
182586	6.9612	567

Top tissues by expression

135 total, by Bgee expression score (0-100, higher = more expressed):

Tissue	Anatomy ID	Expression score	Quality
monocyte	CL:0000576	96.37	gold quality
leukocyte	CL:0000738	96.08	gold quality
blood	UBERON:0000178	95.60	gold quality
granulocyte	CL:0000094	95.24	gold quality
spleen	UBERON:0002106	84.87	gold quality
upper lobe of left lung	UBERON:0008952	84.27	gold quality
right lung	UBERON:0002167	83.62	gold quality
bone marrow	UBERON:0002371	83.44	gold quality
bone marrow cell	CL:0002092	80.40	gold quality
primordial germ cell in gonad	CL:0000670 ∩ UBERON:0000991	79.48	gold quality
lung	UBERON:0002048	78.27	gold quality
vermiform appendix	UBERON:0001154	75.19	gold quality
right coronary artery	UBERON:0001625	70.91	gold quality
C1 segment of cervical spinal cord	UBERON:0006469	69.66	gold quality
left uterine tube	UBERON:0001303	68.64	gold quality
stromal cell of endometrium	CL:0002255	68.62	gold quality
left coronary artery	UBERON:0001626	68.62	gold quality
placenta	UBERON:0001987	67.84	gold quality
descending thoracic aorta	UBERON:0002345	67.84	gold quality
apex of heart	UBERON:0002098	67.62	gold quality
subcutaneous adipose tissue	UBERON:0002190	67.53	gold quality
adipose tissue	UBERON:0001013	67.44	gold quality
omental fat pad	UBERON:0010414	67.36	gold quality
gall bladder	UBERON:0002110	67.34	gold quality
thoracic aorta	UBERON:0001515	66.69	gold quality
ascending aorta	UBERON:0001496	66.50	gold quality
substantia nigra	UBERON:0002038	66.04	gold quality
smooth muscle tissue	UBERON:0001135	65.69	gold quality
left adrenal gland cortex	UBERON:0035825	65.38	gold quality
ectocervix	UBERON:0012249	65.00	gold quality

Single-cell (SCXA)

Detected in 1 experiment(s), a significant marker in 1.

Experiment	Marker?	Max mean expression
E-ANND-3	yes	3.35

Regulation

Is transcription factor: no

Upstream regulators (CollecTRI, top): ID2, MAFB, MITF, NFATC1, SPI1, USF1

miRNA regulators (miRDB)

22 targeting OSCAR, top 30 by miRDB confidence (max_score; target_count = how many genes the miRNA targets in total — lower means more specific):

miRNA	Max score	Avg score	miRNA target_count
HSA-MIR-512-3P	99.97	67.35	1049
HSA-MIR-497-5P	99.92	71.83	2674
HSA-MIR-15A-5P	99.90	72.80	2787
HSA-MIR-15B-5P	99.90	72.78	2798
HSA-MIR-16-5P	99.90	72.80	2780
HSA-MIR-195-5P	99.90	72.81	2805
HSA-MIR-6838-5P	99.89	71.94	2690
HSA-MIR-424-5P	99.89	71.90	2641
HSA-MIR-451B	99.55	68.28	1380
HSA-MIR-4797-5P	99.39	68.01	1354
HSA-MIR-532-3P	99.34	65.76	1195
HSA-MIR-133A-3P	99.27	71.53	1270
HSA-MIR-133B	99.27	71.53	1270
HSA-MIR-877-3P	99.09	68.10	1637
HSA-MIR-5701	98.97	69.54	1502
HSA-MIR-3938	98.72	66.07	834
HSA-MIR-509-3P	98.12	67.25	612
HSA-MIR-6893-3P	97.79	64.91	1238
HSA-MIR-370-3P	97.09	64.92	1221
HSA-MIR-600	97.07	66.73	1259
HSA-MIR-3189-3P	96.80	66.34	896
HSA-MIR-4732-5P	90.07	64.77	412

Literature-anchored findings (GeneRIF, showing 20)

• hOSCAR thus represents a novel class of molecule expressed by dendritic cells involved in the initiation of the immune response. (PMID:15155468)
• ligation of OSCAR promotes dendritic cell survival by an ERK- and PI3K-dependent pathway, linked to expression of the Bcl-2 and Bcl-x(L) antiapoptotic molecules (PMID:15650060)
• Human OSCAR mediates the rescue from apoptosis and the cooperation between dendritic cells and antigen-specific T cells that is prevented by CD85j receptor. (PMID:15905516)
• Promoter variant in OSCAR gene (OSCAR-2322A>G) might be one of genetic determinants of bone density in postmenopausal women. (PMID:16007331)
• analysis of a positive feedback circuit of TRANCE-induced activation of NFATc1, involving NFATc1-mediated OSCAR expression and its subsequent activation of NFATc1, necessary for efficient differentiation of osteoclasts (PMID:16109714)
• OSCAR is a functional receptor on monocytes and neutrophils, involved in the induction of the primary proinflammatory cascade and the initiation of downstream immune responses. (PMID:16493074)
• OSCAR (osteoclast associated immunoglobulin-like receptor)is expressed by erosion front osteoclasts and by synovial microvessels mononuclear cells. OSCAR is induced in monocytes of rheumatod arthritis patients, facilitating osteoclast differentiation (PMID:18821671)
• This review discusses the structure-function relationship, expression pattern, and physiological role of OSCAR in osteoimmunology and summarizes its potential implications for human diseases. (PMID:21172874)
• Data suggest that OSCAR is a collagen receptor that binds to specific collagen motifs and costimulates osteoclastogenesis in DAP12-deficient humans and mice. (PMID:21841309)
• OSCAR is expressed in vascular endothelial cells and is regulated by oxLDL involving NFATc1 (PMID:22009730)
• Rotative stress in mouse cells results in increased levels of Oscar transcription. (PMID:22949349)
• endothelial cell-derived OSCAR was found to be involved in the STAT signaling pathway and to affect monocyte adhesion. (PMID:22985931)
• Data indicate that osteoclast associated receptor (OSCAR) was strongly expressed by the vasculature of active rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients. (PMID:23146195)
• Plasma OSCAR level was higher in the serum of RA patients than controls, and higher in patients with destructive RA rather than non-destructive RA. (PMID:24448348)
• OSCAR is a receptor for surfactant protein D that activates TNF-alpha release from human CCR2+ inflammatory monocytes. (PMID:25716998)
• Each domain of OSCAR binds a collagen triple-helical peptide; the primary site is on the C-terminal domain in contrast to GPVI and LAIR-1. (PMID:26552697)
• OSCAR can play a proinflammatory role in monocyte-derived cells and may contribute crucially on multiple levels to rheumatoid arthritis pathogenesis. (PMID:26786702)
• regulation of OSCAR by TNF-alpha and receptor activator of NF kappa beta ligand (RANKL) in pre-osteoclasts/osteoclasts (PMID:28555364)
• Sex-biased ceRNA networks reveal that OSCAR can promote proliferation and migration of lung adenocarcinoma in women. (PMID:32246488)
• Osteoclast-associated receptor blockade prevents articular cartilage destruction via chondrocyte apoptosis regulation. (PMID:32859940)

Cross-species orthologs

2 orthologs

Organism	Symbol	Gene ID
mus_musculus	Oscar	ENSMUSG00000054594
rattus_norvegicus	Oscar	ENSRNOG00000055716

Paralogs (25): GP6 (ENSG00000088053), LILRB1 (ENSG00000104972), LILRA1 (ENSG00000104974), LILRB5 (ENSG00000105609), A1BG (ENSG00000121410), KIR2DL1 (ENSG00000125498), LILRB2 (ENSG00000131042), IGSF1 (ENSG00000147255), LAIR2 (ENSG00000167618), KIR3DL1 (ENSG00000167633), FCAR (ENSG00000186431), LILRB4 (ENSG00000186818), LILRA5 (ENSG00000187116), KIR2DL4 (ENSG00000189013), VSTM1 (ENSG00000189068), NCR1 (ENSG00000189430), LILRB3 (ENSG00000204577), KIR2DS4 (ENSG00000221957), LILRA4 (ENSG00000239961), LILRA2 (ENSG00000239998), KIR3DL2 (ENSG00000240403), KIR3DL3 (ENSG00000242019), KIR2DL3 (ENSG00000243772), LILRA6 (ENSG00000244482), TARM1 (ENSG00000248385)

Protein

Protein identifiers

Osteoclast-associated immunoglobulin-like receptor — Q8IYS5 (reviewed: Q8IYS5)

Alternative names: Polymeric immunoglobulin receptor 3

All UniProt accessions (6): Q8IYS5, A0A087WV17, A0A087X1R2, A0A0A0MR14, A0A0A0MRF2, A8MWV3

UniProt curated annotations — full annotation on UniProt →

Function. Regulator of osteoclastogenesis which plays an important bone-specific function in osteoclast differentiation.

Subcellular location. Secreted Cell membrane.

Similarity. Belongs to the leukocyte receptor complex/polymeric immunoglobulin receptor (PIR/LRC) family.

Isoforms (7)

UniProt ID	Names	Canonical?
Q8IYS5-1	1, OSCAR-S1	yes
Q8IYS5-2	2, OSCAR-M1
Q8IYS5-3	3, OSCAR-M2
Q8IYS5-4	4, OSCAR-S2
Q8IYS5-5	5
Q8IYS5-7	7
Q8IYS5-6	6, OSCAR-M3

RefSeq proteins (6): NP_001269278, NP_001269279, NP_570127, NP_573398, NP_573399, NP_996554 (=MANE)

Domains & families (InterPro)

ID	Name	Type
IPR003599	Ig_sub	Domain
IPR013783	Ig-like_fold	Homologous_superfamily
IPR036179	Ig-like_dom_sf	Homologous_superfamily
IPR050412	Ig-like_Receptors_ImmuneReg	Family

Pfam: PF13895

UniProt features (34 total): strand 15, splice variant 4, sequence variant 2, sequence conflict 2, domain 2, glycosylation site 2, signal peptide 1, chain 1, helix 1, turn 1, region of interest 1, compositionally biased region 1, disulfide bond 1

Structure

Experimental structures (PDB)

4 structures.

PDB	Method	Resolution (Å)
5EIQ	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	2.01
5CJ8	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	2.02
5CJB	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	2.4
5EIV	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	2.41

Predicted structure (AlphaFold)

Model	pLDDT	Fraction very-high
AF-Q8IYS5-F1	80.58	0.58

Functional residue map

Curated UniProt residues grouped by drug-discovery relevance — catalytic, ligand-binding, modification, and mutation-validated positions. Source: UniProtKB sequence features.

Disulfide bonds (1): 53–100

Glycosylation sites (2): 48, 145

Function

Pathways and Gene Ontology

Reactome pathways

2 pathways

ID	Pathway
R-HSA-198933	Immunoregulatory interactions between a Lymphoid and a non-Lymphoid cell
R-HSA-6798695	Neutrophil degranulation

MSigDB gene sets: 98 (showing top): GOBP_MYELOID_CELL_DIFFERENTIATION, GSE45365_NK_CELL_VS_CD8_TCELL_UP, RRAGTTGT_UNKNOWN, REACTOME_INNATE_IMMUNE_SYSTEM, REACTOME_ADAPTIVE_IMMUNE_SYSTEM, GOCC_SECRETORY_GRANULE, RACCACAR_AML_Q6, GOBP_MYELOID_LEUKOCYTE_DIFFERENTIATION, HAMAI_APOPTOSIS_VIA_TRAIL_DN, GOBP_OSTEOCLAST_DIFFERENTIATION, TGGAAA_NFAT_Q4_01, GOCC_SECRETORY_VESICLE, GOCC_VESICLE_LUMEN, GOCC_SPECIFIC_GRANULE, GOMF_TRANSMEMBRANE_SIGNALING_RECEPTOR_ACTIVITY

GO Biological Process (6): immune response-regulating signaling pathway (GO:0002764), osteoclast differentiation (GO:0030316), collagen-activated signaling pathway (GO:0038065), Fc-gamma receptor signaling pathway (GO:0038094), positive regulation of bone resorption (GO:0045780), multinuclear osteoclast differentiation (GO:0072674)

GO Molecular Function (1): collagen receptor activity (GO:0038064)

GO Cellular Component (7): extracellular region (GO:0005576), plasma membrane (GO:0005886), specific granule lumen (GO:0035580), extracellular exosome (GO:0070062), tertiary granule lumen (GO:1904724), cell surface (GO:0009986), membrane (GO:0016020)

Reactome top-level categories

Rollup of top-2 pathways:

Category	Pathways
Adaptive Immune System	1
Innate Immune System	1

GO top-level categories

Rollup of top GO terms by namespace:

Category	Terms
cellular anatomical structure	3
signal transduction	1
regulation of immune response	1
myeloid leukocyte differentiation	1
cell surface receptor signaling pathway	1
Fc receptor signaling pathway	1
regulation of bone resorption	1
bone resorption	1
positive regulation of multicellular organismal process	1
osteoclast differentiation	1
transmembrane signaling receptor activity	1
collagen binding	1
collagen-activated signaling pathway	1
membrane	1
cell periphery	1
secretory granule lumen	1
specific granule	1
extracellular vesicle	1
intracellular organelle lumen	1
tertiary granule	1

Protein interactions and networks

STRING

1020 interactions, top by confidence (×1000):

Protein A	Protein B	Partner UniProt	Score
OSCAR	FCER1G	P30273	992
OSCAR	TYROBP	O43914	978
OSCAR	DCSTAMP	Q9H295	815
OSCAR	TNFSF11	O14788	807
OSCAR	NFATC1	O95644	776
OSCAR	CTSK	P43235	772
OSCAR	ACP5	P13686	769
OSCAR	CALCR	P30988	650
OSCAR	OCSTAMP	Q9BR26	649
OSCAR	CSF1	P09603	615
OSCAR	ATP6V0D2	Q8N8Y2	602
OSCAR	CSF1R	P07333	592
OSCAR	SIRPB1	O00241	581
OSCAR	FOS	P01100	574
OSCAR	SFTPD	P35247	548
OSCAR	TREM2	Q9NZC2	548

IntAct

7 interactions, top by confidence:

A	B	Type	Score
MPIG6B	OSCAR	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.400
LRRTM2	OSCAR	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.400
OSCAR	TARM1	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.400
OSCAR	COL2A1	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
OSCAR	arsC	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.000
	OSCAR	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.000

BioGRID (5): COL2A1 (Affinity Capture-MS), TRIP10 (Affinity Capture-MS), OSCAR (Affinity Capture-RNA), OSCAR (Negative Genetic), OSCAR (Negative Genetic)

ESM2 similar proteins: A0A0K2S4Q6, A6NI73, B6A8C7, G1TR84, O43699, O75019, O75022, O75023, O75871, P0C191, P24071, P31994, P40198, P43629, P43630, P59901, P97484, Q08708, Q14943, Q28110, Q496F6, Q6GTX8, Q6ISS4, Q6PI73, Q6UX52, Q863H2, Q8C567, Q8IYS5, Q8K249, Q8MJZ2, Q8MJZ7, Q8N109, Q8N149, Q8N423, Q8N6C8, Q8N743, Q8NHJ6, Q8NHK3, Q8NHL6, Q8VBT3

Diamond homologs: A0A0G2KBC9, A6NI73, C0HJX2, C0HJX3, D3ZQX2, O75019, O75022, O75023, O76036, P0C191, P24071, P43626, P43629, P43630, P59901, P83556, P97484, Q14943, Q14954, Q61450, Q64281, Q6GTX8, Q6ISS4, Q6PI73, Q7TQA1, Q863H2, Q8C567, Q8IYS5, Q8MJZ2, Q8MJZ7, Q8N109, Q8N149, Q8N423, Q8N6C8, Q8N743, Q8NHJ6, Q8NHK3, Q8NHL6, Q95JB9, Q9HCN6

SIGNOR signaling

1 interactions.

A	Effect	B	Mechanism
SPI1	“up-regulates quantity by expression”	OSCAR	“transcriptional regulation”

Disease & clinical

Clinical variants and AI predictions

ClinVar

65 variants total. Per-class counts are floors (≥ shown; pagination cap):

Classification	Count (floor)
Pathogenic	0
Likely pathogenic	0
Uncertain significance	58
Likely benign	4
Benign	0

Top pathogenic / likely-pathogenic (0)

SpliceAI

533 predictions. Top by Δscore:

Variant	Effect	Δscore
19:54100754:A:AC	donor_gain	1.0000
19:54100755:C:CC	donor_gain	1.0000
19:54095866:CCTCA:C	donor_loss	0.9900
19:54095867:CTCA:C	donor_loss	0.9900
19:54095868:TCACC:T	donor_loss	0.9900
19:54095874:T:A	donor_gain	0.9900
19:54097008:C:CT	acceptor_gain	0.9900
19:54097008:C:T	acceptor_gain	0.9900
19:54097210:C:T	acceptor_gain	0.9900
19:54100755:CAG:C	donor_gain	0.9900
19:54096149:CTCCT:C	acceptor_gain	0.9800
19:54096150:TCCT:T	acceptor_gain	0.9800
19:54096151:CCTC:C	acceptor_gain	0.9800
19:54096152:CT:C	acceptor_gain	0.9800
19:54096154:C:CC	acceptor_gain	0.9800
19:54096154:C:G	acceptor_gain	0.9800
19:54097210:C:CT	acceptor_gain	0.9800
19:54100749:GACT:G	donor_loss	0.9800
19:54100750:ACTCA:A	donor_loss	0.9800
19:54100751:CTCA:C	donor_loss	0.9800
19:54100752:TCAC:T	donor_loss	0.9800
19:54100753:CACA:C	donor_loss	0.9800
19:54100755:C:CG	donor_loss	0.9800
19:54100755:CA:C	donor_gain	0.9800
19:54100755:CAGA:C	donor_gain	0.9800
19:54100755:CAGAG:C	donor_gain	0.9800
19:54095358:C:CC	acceptor_gain	0.9700
19:54095365:C:CT	acceptor_gain	0.9700
19:54095366:G:T	acceptor_gain	0.9700
19:54096151:CCT:C	acceptor_gain	0.9700

AlphaMissense

1641 scored. Top likely-pathogenic:

Variant	Protein change	am_pathogenicity
19:54095982:A:C	F182C	0.997
19:54096050:G:C	F159L	0.995
19:54096050:G:T	F159L	0.995
19:54096052:A:G	F159L	0.995
19:54095981:G:C	F182L	0.994
19:54095981:G:T	F182L	0.994
19:54095982:A:G	F182S	0.994
19:54095983:A:G	F182L	0.994
19:54096078:C:G	C150S	0.994
19:54096079:A:T	C150S	0.994
19:54095943:C:G	C195S	0.993
19:54095944:A:T	C195S	0.993
19:54095950:A:C	Y193D	0.993
19:54097049:A:C	F62L	0.993
19:54097049:A:T	F62L	0.993
19:54097051:A:G	F62L	0.993
19:54097077:C:G	C53S	0.993
19:54097078:A:T	C53S	0.993
19:54095942:G:C	C195W	0.992
19:54095943:C:T	C195Y	0.992
19:54096943:A:C	Y98D	0.992
19:54097083:A:G	L51S	0.991
19:54096077:G:C	C150W	0.990
19:54096980:G:C	F85L	0.990
19:54096980:G:T	F85L	0.990
19:54096982:A:G	F85L	0.990
19:54095944:A:G	C195R	0.989
19:54096051:A:C	F159C	0.989
19:54096079:A:G	C150R	0.989
19:54097050:A:C	F62C	0.989

dbSNP variants (sampled 300 via entrez): RS1000958527 (19:54096673 C>G,T), RS1000987201 (19:54102419 A>G), RS1001018340 (19:54102644 C>T), RS1002869905 (19:54094716 C>G,T), RS1002919296 (19:54094598 C>G), RS1003035933 (19:54099486 T>C), RS1003403923 (19:54098728 G>A), RS1003875404 (19:54098525 C>T), RS1004437022 (19:54100598 T>A), RS1004477237 (19:54094727 C>G), RS1004773564 (19:54099140 G>A), RS1004820679 (19:54094871 A>G), RS1005029168 (19:54094181 A>C), RS1006927516 (19:54096186 T>C,G), RS1007041322 (19:54102092 C>A,T)

Disease associations

OMIM: gene MIM:606862 | disease phenotypes:

GenCC curated gene-disease

Mondo (0):

Orphanet (0):

HPO phenotypes

0 total (0 of 0 shown, HPO-id order):

GWAS associations

2 associations (top):

Study	Trait	p-value
GCST001692_13	Response to taxane treatment (docetaxel)	9.000000e-06
GCST006585_2578	Blood protein levels	1.000000e-08

Drugs & pharmacology

Drug and pharmacology data

Is drug target: no

PharmGKB: 1 entry (VIP=true, CPIC=false)

CTD chemical–gene interactions

37 total (human), top 30 by PubMed support.

Chemical	Actions (top 5)	PubMed papers
Benzo(a)pyrene	affects methylation, decreases expression, increases methylation	3
sodium arsenite	increases expression, affects acetylation, affects methylation	2
Air Pollutants	affects expression, increases abundance, increases expression	2
Nickel	increases expression	2
triphenyl phosphate	affects expression	1
propionaldehyde	increases expression	1
pirinixic acid	affects binding, decreases expression, increases activity	1
bisphenol A	affects expression	1
tris(2-butoxyethyl) phosphate	affects expression	1
beta-lapachone	increases expression	1
o,p’-DDT	increases expression	1
tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl)phosphate	increases expression	1
butyraldehyde	increases expression	1
perfluorooctanoic acid	increases expression	1
tobacco tar	decreases reaction, increases expression	1
diallyl disulfide	decreases reaction, increases expression	1
allyl sulfide	decreases reaction, increases expression	1
CGP 52608	affects binding, increases reaction	1
monomethylarsonous acid	affects acetylation, affects methylation	1
NSC 689534	affects binding, increases expression	1
Arsenic Trioxide	decreases expression	1
Cisplatin	increases expression	1
Copper	affects binding, increases expression	1
Estradiol	affects cotreatment, increases expression	1
Folic Acid	decreases expression	1
Formaldehyde	decreases expression	1
Lipopolysaccharides	affects cotreatment, increases expression	1
Niclosamide	decreases reaction, increases expression	1
Ozone	affects expression, increases abundance	1
Rotenone	decreases reaction, increases expression	1

Clinical trials (associated diseases)

0 trials via MONDO — disease-level, not drug-specific.