PAPOLG

Summary

PAPOLG (poly(A) polymerase gamma, HGNC:14982) is a protein-coding gene on chromosome 2p16.1, encoding Poly(A) polymerase gamma (Q9BWT3). Responsible for the post-transcriptional adenylation of the 3’-terminal of mRNA precursors and several small RNAs including signal recognition particle (SRP) RNA, nuclear 7SK RNA, U2 small nuclear RNA, and ribosomal 5S RNA.

This gene encodes a member of the poly(A) polymerase family which catalyzes template-independent extension of the 3’ end of a DNA/RNA strand. This enzyme shares 60% identity to the well characterized poly(A) polymerase II (PAPII) at the amino acid level. These two enzymes have similar organization of structural and functional domains. This enzyme is exclusively localized in the nucleus and exhibits both nonspecific and CPSF (cleavage and polyadenylation specificity factor)/AAUAAA-dependent polyadenylation activity. This gene is located on chromosome 2 in contrast to the PAPII gene, which is located on chromosome 14.

Source: NCBI Gene 64895 — RefSeq curated summary.

At a glance

• GWAS associations: 10
• Clinical variants (ClinVar): 103 total
• MANE Select transcript: NM_022894

Identifiers

Gene identifiers

Field	Value
HGNC ID	HGNC:14982
Approved symbol	PAPOLG
Name	poly(A) polymerase gamma
Location	2p16.1
Locus type	gene with protein product
Status	Approved
Aliases	FLJ12972
Ensembl gene	ENSG00000115421
Ensembl biotype	protein_coding
OMIM	616865
Entrez	64895

Gene structure

Transcript identifiers

Ensembl transcripts: 13 — 8 protein_coding, 2 nonsense_mediated_decay, 2 retained_intron, 1 protein_coding_CDS_not_defined

ENST00000238714, ENST00000412217, ENST00000414060, ENST00000453839, ENST00000470208, ENST00000483370, ENST00000496283, ENST00000884003, ENST00000884004, ENST00000884005, ENST00000884006, ENST00000971331, ENST00000971332

RefSeq mRNA: 1 — MANE Select: NM_022894 NM_022894

CCDS: CCDS1863

Canonical transcript exons

ENST00000238714 — 22 exons

Exon	Start	End
ENSE00001858029	60797062	60802086
ENSE00001931590	60756268	60756495
ENSE00002525650	60771519	60771630
ENSE00003465416	60779637	60779775
ENSE00003479201	60794964	60795020
ENSE00003490183	60791761	60791882
ENSE00003493709	60770458	60770511
ENSE00003514443	60780707	60780779
ENSE00003527391	60760134	60760295
ENSE00003531792	60768470	60768551
ENSE00003569543	60794710	60794775
ENSE00003576372	60783156	60783209
ENSE00003578351	60792129	60792289
ENSE00003579293	60793627	60793715
ENSE00003584355	60781885	60782005
ENSE00003592759	60787511	60787620
ENSE00003597874	60793971	60794191
ENSE00003616747	60768781	60768890
ENSE00003645315	60786947	60787066
ENSE00003650094	60775034	60775123
ENSE00003667352	60761741	60761807
ENSE00003692485	60782686	60782770

Expression profiles

Bgee: expression breadth ubiquitous, 274 present calls, max score 91.08.

FANTOM5 (CAGE): breadth ubiquitous, TPM avg 20.9698 / max 497.7461, expressed in 1806 samples.

FANTOM5 promoters (3 alternative TSS)

Promoter ID	TPM avg	Samples expressed
20444	17.7386	1804
20446	2.2008	811
20445	1.0304	549

Top tissues by expression

287 total, by Bgee expression score (0-100, higher = more expressed):

Tissue	Anatomy ID	Expression score	Quality
endothelial cell	CL:0000115	91.08	gold quality
male germ line stem cell (sensu Vertebrata) in testis	CL:0000089 ∩ UBERON:0000473	88.18	gold quality
Brodmann (1909) area 23	UBERON:0013554	87.52	gold quality
primordial germ cell in gonad	CL:0000670 ∩ UBERON:0000991	86.95	gold quality
cortical plate	UBERON:0005343	86.59	gold quality
adrenal tissue	UBERON:0018303	85.52	gold quality
ganglionic eminence	UBERON:0004023	85.20	gold quality
buccal mucosa cell	CL:0002336	85.15	gold quality
ventricular zone	UBERON:0003053	83.66	gold quality
primary visual cortex	UBERON:0002436	82.19	gold quality
tibia	UBERON:0000979	82.07	gold quality
thyroid gland	UBERON:0002046	81.96	gold quality
secondary oocyte	CL:0000655	81.87	gold quality
blood	UBERON:0000178	81.86	gold quality
palpebral conjunctiva	UBERON:0001812	81.85	gold quality
leukocyte	CL:0000738	81.61	gold quality
right lobe of thyroid gland	UBERON:0001119	81.61	gold quality
monocyte	CL:0000576	81.44	gold quality
left lobe of thyroid gland	UBERON:0001120	81.44	gold quality
calcaneal tendon	UBERON:0003701	81.42	gold quality
mononuclear cell	CL:0000842	81.31	gold quality
pigmented layer of retina	UBERON:0001782	81.00	gold quality
retina	UBERON:0000966	80.98	gold quality
skin of hip	UBERON:0001554	80.79	gold quality
colonic epithelium	UBERON:0000397	80.59	gold quality
visceral pleura	UBERON:0002401	80.54	gold quality
islet of Langerhans	UBERON:0000006	80.15	gold quality
ovary	UBERON:0000992	79.89	gold quality
gingival epithelium	UBERON:0001949	79.82	gold quality
bone marrow cell	CL:0002092	79.26	gold quality

Single-cell (SCXA)

Detected in 1 experiment(s), a significant marker in 0.

Experiment	Marker?	Max mean expression
E-ANND-3	no	4.89

Regulation

Is transcription factor: no

miRNA regulators (miRDB)

279 targeting PAPOLG, top 30 by miRDB confidence (max_score; target_count = how many genes the miRNA targets in total — lower means more specific):

miRNA	Max score	Avg score	miRNA target_count
HSA-MIR-5692A	100.00	74.40	6850
HSA-MIR-3613-3P	100.00	76.36	7965
HSA-MIR-4673	100.00	66.64	1490
HSA-MIR-4262	100.00	73.26	3931
HSA-MIR-3163	100.00	77.23	8605
HSA-MIR-29A-3P	100.00	73.11	1835
HSA-MIR-29B-3P	100.00	73.18	1833
HSA-MIR-29C-3P	100.00	73.15	1833
HSA-MIR-196A-5P	100.00	68.16	684
HSA-MIR-196B-5P	100.00	68.16	681
HSA-LET-7A-3P	100.00	74.03	3932
HSA-LET-7B-3P	100.00	74.08	3913
HSA-LET-7F-1-3P	100.00	74.02	3928
HSA-MIR-98-3P	100.00	74.08	3907
HSA-MIR-6851-5P	100.00	65.63	1294
HSA-MIR-3689D	100.00	66.14	1181
HSA-MIR-181A-5P	99.99	72.96	2995
HSA-MIR-181B-5P	99.99	72.97	2996
HSA-MIR-181C-5P	99.99	72.95	2996
HSA-MIR-181D-5P	99.99	73.04	2997
HSA-MIR-371B-5P	99.99	75.34	4759
HSA-MIR-3185	99.99	68.12	1959
HSA-MIR-5696	99.98	72.36	4487
HSA-MIR-520D-5P	99.98	73.34	4883
HSA-MIR-4645-5P	99.98	65.81	1284
HSA-MIR-524-5P	99.98	73.43	4882
HSA-MIR-373-5P	99.98	75.36	4753
HSA-MIR-616-5P	99.98	75.58	4775
HSA-MIR-4789-5P	99.98	70.76	2721
HSA-MIR-433-3P	99.98	69.37	1203

Literature-anchored findings (GeneRIF, showing 4)

• Arg(232) substitutions have no effect on independent Pol gammaA activities but show major defects in the Pol gammaA-Pol gammaB holoenzyme. (PMID:20513922)
• An analysis of residue conservation reveals a conserved catalytic binding pocket, whereas residues at the surface of the polymerase are more divergent. (PMID:24076191)
• PAP gamma structurally closely resembles its PAP alpha ortholog. It possesses a conserved catalytic binding pocket, whereas residues at the surface of the polymerase are more divergent. (PMID:24076191)
• PAPgamma associates with PAXT nuclear exosome to control the abundance of PROMPT ncRNAs. (PMID:37875486)

Cross-species orthologs

3 orthologs

Organism	Symbol	Gene ID
danio_rerio	papolg	ENSDARG00000012141
mus_musculus	Papolg	ENSMUSG00000020273
rattus_norvegicus	Papolg	ENSRNOG00000006261

Paralogs (2): PAPOLA (ENSG00000090060), PAPOLB (ENSG00000218823)

Protein

Protein identifiers

Poly(A) polymerase gamma — Q9BWT3 (reviewed: Q9BWT3)

Alternative names: Neo-poly(A) polymerase, Polynucleotide adenylyltransferase gamma, SRP RNA 3’-adenylating enzyme, Signal recognition particle RNA-adenylating enzyme

All UniProt accessions (4): A0A0C4DH56, Q9BWT3, F8WAT4, H7C3W0

UniProt curated annotations — full annotation on UniProt →

Function. Responsible for the post-transcriptional adenylation of the 3’-terminal of mRNA precursors and several small RNAs including signal recognition particle (SRP) RNA, nuclear 7SK RNA, U2 small nuclear RNA, and ribosomal 5S RNA.

Subcellular location. Nucleus.

Tissue specificity. Expressed predominantly in testis, and weakly in other tissues. Overexpressed in several tumors.

Cofactor. Binds 2 magnesium ions. Also active with manganese.

Similarity. Belongs to the poly(A) polymerase family.

Isoforms (2)

UniProt ID	Names	Canonical?
Q9BWT3-1	1	yes
Q9BWT3-2	2

RefSeq proteins (1): NP_075045* (*=MANE)

Domains & families (InterPro)

ID	Name	Type
IPR007010	PolA_pol_RNA-bd_dom	Domain
IPR007012	PolA_pol_cen_dom	Domain
IPR011068	NuclTrfase_I-like_C	Homologous_superfamily
IPR043519	NT_sf	Homologous_superfamily
IPR048840	PolA_pol_NTPase	Domain

Pfam: PF04926, PF04928, PF20750

Enzyme classification (BRENDA):

• EC 2.7.7.19 — polynucleotide adenylyltransferase (BRENDA: 35 organisms, 181 substrates, 125 inhibitors, 114 Km, 53 kcat entries)

Substrate kinetics (BRENDA)

19 substrates with measured Km, best-characterized 15. Km ranges are aggregated across organisms/conditions.

Substrate	Km (mM)	Measurements
ATP	0.028–2.191	54
RNA (A)15	0.51–24.99	23
CTP	0.1036–4.7	7
(A)N	0.0468–0.711	5
OLIGO(A)14	0.0005–0.037	5
(A)15	0.0009–0.0053	3
GTP	0.055–0.062	2
OLIGO(A)18	0.0468–0.0642	2
OLIGO(A)N	0.01–0.3	2
2-AMINOPURINE RIBOSIDE TRIPHOSPHATE	0.0197	1
DATP	0.06	1
OLIGO(A)12	0.0004	1
OLIGO(A)17C	0.0263	1
OLIGOADENYLATE	0.2	1
POLY(A)N	0.0036	1

Catalyzed reactions (Rhea), 1 shown:

• RNA(n) + ATP = RNA(n)-3’-adenine ribonucleotide + diphosphate (RHEA:11332)

UniProt features (73 total): helix 18, strand 13, binding site 12, modified residue 9, site 5, turn 5, compositionally biased region 4, sequence conflict 3, region of interest 2, chain 1, splice variant 1

Structure

Experimental structures (PDB)

1 structures.

PDB	Method	Resolution (Å)
4LT6	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	2.79

Predicted structure (AlphaFold)

Model	pLDDT	Fraction very-high
AF-Q9BWT3-F1	75.78	0.60

Functional residue map

Curated UniProt residues grouped by drug-discovery relevance — catalytic, ligand-binding, modification, and mutation-validated positions. Source: UniProtKB sequence features.

Catalytic / active sites (5): 152 (interaction with rna); 157 (interaction with rna); 327 (interaction with rna); 398 (interaction with rna); 532 (interaction with rna)

Ligand- & substrate-binding residues (12): 112; 112; 114; 114; 166; 166; 227; 236; 245–246; 99–101; 108; 112–114

Post-translational modifications (9): 2, 23, 29, 525, 599, 648, 654, 684, 708

Function

Pathways and Gene Ontology

Reactome pathways

2 pathways

ID	Pathway
R-HSA-9770562	mRNA Polyadenylation
R-HSA-9930044	Nuclear RNA decay

MSigDB gene sets: 207 (showing top): MYAATNNNNNNNGGC_UNKNOWN, E2F4DP1_01, CMYB_01, YGACNNYACAR_UNKNOWN, E2F_Q3, MCAATNNNNNGCG_UNKNOWN, REACTOME_MRNA_3_END_PROCESSING, REACTOME_PROCESSING_OF_CAPPED_INTRON_CONTAINING_PRE_MRNA, ACATATC_MIR190, CTTTGTA_MIR524, TGCCTTA_MIR124A, RODRIGUES_THYROID_CARCINOMA_POORLY_DIFFERENTIATED_DN, SHEN_SMARCA2_TARGETS_DN, REACTOME_METABOLISM_OF_RNA, GCCATNTTG_YY1_Q6

GO Biological Process (2): mRNA processing (GO:0006397), RNA 3’-end processing (GO:0031123)

GO Molecular Function (7): RNA binding (GO:0003723), ATP binding (GO:0005524), metal ion binding (GO:0046872), poly(A) RNA polymerase activity (GO:1990817), nucleotide binding (GO:0000166), transferase activity (GO:0016740), nucleotidyltransferase activity (GO:0016779)

GO Cellular Component (5): nucleus (GO:0005634), nucleoplasm (GO:0005654), cytosol (GO:0005829), membrane (GO:0016020), nuclear body (GO:0016604)

Reactome top-level categories

Rollup of top-2 pathways:

Category	Pathways
mRNA 3’-end processing	1
Metabolism of RNA	1

GO top-level categories

Rollup of top GO terms by namespace:

Category	Terms
cellular anatomical structure	3
RNA processing	2
mRNA metabolic process	1
nucleic acid binding	1
adenyl ribonucleotide binding	1
purine ribonucleoside triphosphate binding	1
cation binding	1
adenylyltransferase activity	1
nucleoside phosphate binding	1
heterocyclic compound binding	1
catalytic activity	1
transferase activity, transferring phosphorus-containing groups	1
intracellular membrane-bounded organelle	1
nuclear lumen	1
cytoplasm	1
nucleoplasm	1
intracellular membraneless organelle	1

Protein interactions and networks

STRING

1697 interactions, top by confidence (×1000):

Protein A	Protein B	Partner UniProt	Score
PAPOLG	ZCCHC7	Q8N3Z6	995
PAPOLG	MTREX	P42285	994
PAPOLG	SNRNP70	P08621	985
PAPOLG	SYMPK	Q92797	977
PAPOLG	MTPAP	Q9NVV4	940
PAPOLG	TUT1	Q9H6E5	937
PAPOLG	U2AF2	P26368	920
PAPOLG	PABPN1	Q86U42	895
PAPOLG	TUT4	Q5TAX3	893
PAPOLG	PARN	O95453	886
PAPOLG	TENT2	Q6PIY7	867
PAPOLG	CPEB1	Q9BZB8	861
PAPOLG	CPSF3	Q9UKF6	854
PAPOLG	CPSF6	Q16630	851
PAPOLG	PCF11	O94913	833

IntAct

29 interactions, top by confidence:

A	B	Type	Score
RFXANK	RFXAP	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.780
PAPOLG	ZFC3H1	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
ZNRD2	MYO9A	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
CPSF6	DDX39A	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.480
NFYA	PAPOLG	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.370
PCBD1	PAPOLG	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.370
LZTR1	PAPOLG	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.370
ZFC3H1	UNC119B	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
PB2	SEC15L3	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
PRKY	METTL15	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
BACE2	FAM171A2	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
HNRNPCL2	SMCHD1	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
CCT8L2	DVL2	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
UBXN6	ZSWIM8	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
CIAO2A		psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
DNAI2	APAF1	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
INSR	RIMOC1	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
DCTN1	NACA	psi-mi:“MI:2364”(proximity)	0.270
TLK2	PES1	psi-mi:“MI:2364”(proximity)	0.270
TLK2	SBNO1	psi-mi:“MI:2364”(proximity)	0.270
BUD13	RPSA2	psi-mi:“MI:2364”(proximity)	0.270
GPKOW	ESYT2	psi-mi:“MI:2364”(proximity)	0.270
HNRNPC	SBNO1	psi-mi:“MI:2364”(proximity)	0.270
SRSF7	ESYT2	psi-mi:“MI:2364”(proximity)	0.270
XRCC6	PSMD11	psi-mi:“MI:2364”(proximity)	0.270
ZC3H11A	ESYT2	psi-mi:“MI:2364”(proximity)	0.270
ZRANB2	SBNO1	psi-mi:“MI:2364”(proximity)	0.270
NSUN2	RPSA2	psi-mi:“MI:2364”(proximity)	0.270

BioGRID (41): HARS (Co-fractionation), HNRNPR (Co-fractionation), PAPOLG (Proximity Label-MS), PAPOLG (Affinity Capture-MS), PAPOLG (Affinity Capture-MS), PAPOLG (Affinity Capture-MS), PAPOLG (Positive Genetic), PAPOLG (Negative Genetic), PAPOLG (Affinity Capture-MS), RPS6KA1 (Affinity Capture-MS), SPTB (Affinity Capture-MS), ZFC3H1 (Affinity Capture-MS), PAPOLG (Affinity Capture-MS), PAPOLG (Affinity Capture-MS), PAPOLG (Affinity Capture-MS)

ESM2 similar proteins: A0A0P0V4R0, A0A1D5PRR9, A4IG62, A9UMG5, B4JNS2, F1R345, F4HQE2, F4KFV7, O75417, P0C928, P42285, Q14527, Q16X92, Q28E61, Q2VPA6, Q43093, Q56YN3, Q5JK52, Q5U2U7, Q5W9E7, Q5ZJT0, Q5ZLV4, Q60446, Q642J4, Q6PCL9, Q6PCN7, Q6PFE3, Q7XT07, Q8CGS6, Q8H2D5, Q8IYB8, Q8IYD8, Q8K394, Q94BR5, Q95216, Q9BWT3, Q9CZU3, Q9DG67, Q9FF61, Q9FT73

Diamond homologs: O42617, O82312, P25500, P29468, P51003, P51004, P51005, P51006, Q10295, Q51D88, Q54J73, Q56XM9, Q61183, Q6PCL9, Q8VYW1, Q9BWT3, Q9LMT2, Q9NRJ5, Q9UW26, Q9WVP6

SIGNOR signaling

0 interactions.

Disease & clinical

Clinical variants and AI predictions

ClinVar

103 variants total. Per-class counts are floors (≥ shown; pagination cap):

Classification	Count (floor)
Pathogenic	0
Likely pathogenic	0
Uncertain significance	78
Likely benign	4
Benign	2

Top pathogenic / likely-pathogenic (0)

SpliceAI

2835 predictions. Top by Δscore:

Variant	Effect	Δscore
2:60756473:G:GT	donor_gain	1.0000
2:60756491:TCTGC:T	donor_gain	1.0000
2:60756494:GC:G	donor_gain	1.0000
2:60756496:G:GG	donor_gain	1.0000
2:60760120:A:AG	acceptor_gain	1.0000
2:60760121:T:G	acceptor_gain	1.0000
2:60760127:T:TA	acceptor_gain	1.0000
2:60760131:C:G	acceptor_gain	1.0000
2:60760131:CA:C	acceptor_loss	1.0000
2:60760132:A:AG	acceptor_gain	1.0000
2:60760133:G:GT	acceptor_gain	1.0000
2:60760133:GA:G	acceptor_gain	1.0000
2:60760133:GAA:G	acceptor_gain	1.0000
2:60760133:GAAA:G	acceptor_gain	1.0000
2:60760133:GAAAC:G	acceptor_gain	1.0000
2:60760279:G:GT	donor_gain	1.0000
2:60760293:CAG:C	donor_gain	1.0000
2:60760293:CAGG:C	donor_loss	1.0000
2:60760294:AGG:A	donor_loss	1.0000
2:60760295:GGT:G	donor_loss	1.0000
2:60760296:G:GG	donor_gain	1.0000
2:60760297:T:A	donor_loss	1.0000
2:60761739:AGGCT:A	acceptor_gain	1.0000
2:60761740:GGCTG:G	acceptor_gain	1.0000
2:60761804:TAAG:T	donor_loss	1.0000
2:60761805:AAGGT:A	donor_loss	1.0000
2:60761808:GTAAG:G	donor_loss	1.0000
2:60761809:T:A	donor_loss	1.0000
2:60768776:TACAG:T	acceptor_loss	1.0000
2:60768779:A:AG	acceptor_gain	1.0000

AlphaMissense

4827 scored. Top likely-pathogenic:

Variant	Protein change	am_pathogenicity
2:60760175:G:A	G20E	1.000
2:60760190:T:A	I25N	1.000
2:60760238:T:C	L41S	1.000
2:60760295:G:C	R60T	1.000
2:60760295:G:T	R60M	1.000
2:60761741:G:C	R60S	1.000
2:60761741:G:T	R60S	1.000
2:60761781:T:A	W74R	1.000
2:60761781:T:C	W74R	1.000
2:60768504:G:A	G94D	1.000
2:60768518:T:C	F99L	1.000
2:60768520:T:A	F99L	1.000
2:60768520:T:G	F99L	1.000
2:60768521:G:A	G100R	1.000
2:60768521:G:C	G100R	1.000
2:60768522:G:A	G100E	1.000
2:60768522:G:T	G100V	1.000
2:60768531:G:T	R103M	1.000
2:60768534:T:A	L104H	1.000
2:60768534:T:C	L104P	1.000
2:60768786:G:C	D112H	1.000
2:60768787:A:T	D112V	1.000
2:60768788:C:A	D112E	1.000
2:60768788:C:G	D112E	1.000
2:60768790:T:A	I113N	1.000
2:60768793:A:T	D114V	1.000
2:60768794:T:A	D114E	1.000
2:60768794:T:G	D114E	1.000
2:60768795:G:C	A115P	1.000
2:60768801:T:C	C117R	1.000

dbSNP variants (sampled 300 via entrez): RS1000070533 (2:60775721 T>C), RS1000075799 (2:60790140 C>T), RS1000085285 (2:60781982 T>C), RS1000159110 (2:60800617 G>C), RS1000173546 (2:60777551 A>G), RS1000215106 (2:60800856 A>AT), RS1000282169 (2:60784439 A>G,T), RS1000334774 (2:60772120 A>G), RS1000435668 (2:60777999 A>G,T), RS1000484471 (2:60781612 C>G), RS1000485762 (2:60764911 A>G), RS1000517789 (2:60764656 G>A,C), RS1000629110 (2:60764678 G>A), RS1000660311 (2:60764870 A>G), RS1000719035 (2:60758580 A>C)

Disease associations

OMIM: gene MIM:616865 | disease phenotypes:

GenCC curated gene-disease

Mondo (0):

Orphanet (0):

HPO phenotypes

0 total (0 of 0 shown, HPO-id order):

GWAS associations

10 associations (top):

Study	Trait	p-value
GCST001438_15	Crohn’s disease	5.000000e-09
GCST002481_14	Acne (severe)	2.000000e-06
GCST005752_108	Systemic lupus erythematosus	1.000000e-08
GCST006956_8	Erectile dysfunction	8.000000e-06
GCST007400_20	Systemic lupus erythematosus	9.000000e-08
GCST008573_4	Composite immunoglobulin trait (IgA/IgM)	6.000000e-10
GCST009391_1349	Metabolite levels	2.000000e-06
GCST009391_1394	Metabolite levels	9.000000e-06
GCST009597_186	Multiple sclerosis	6.000000e-07
GCST010043_96	Asthma	5.000000e-09

EFO canonical traits (2, from GWAS)

EFO ID	Trait name
EFO:0010363	lysophosphatidylcholine 20:4 measurement
EFO:0010368	lysophosphatidylethanolamine 18:1 measurement

Drugs & pharmacology

Drug and pharmacology data

Is drug target: no

PharmGKB: 1 entry (VIP=true, CPIC=false)

CTD chemical–gene interactions

39 total (human), top 30 by PubMed support.

Chemical	Actions (top 5)	PubMed papers
Valproic Acid	decreases expression, affects expression, affects cotreatment	8
sodium arsenite	decreases expression, affects cotreatment, increases abundance, increases expression	2
Phenylmercuric Acetate	affects cotreatment, decreases expression	2
Tobacco Smoke Pollution	increases expression	2
3-((6-(2-methoxyphenyl)pyrimidin-4-yl)amino)phenyl)methane sulfonamide	decreases expression	1
FR900359	increases phosphorylation	1
bisphenol F	affects cotreatment, increases expression	1
bisphenol A	affects cotreatment, increases expression	1
trichostatin A	decreases expression	1
beta-lapachone	decreases expression	1
arsenite	affects binding, decreases reaction	1
tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl)phosphate	increases expression	1
manganese chloride	increases expression, affects cotreatment, increases abundance	1
lei gong teng	increases expression	1
epigallocatechin gallate	increases expression	1
4-(5-benzo(1,3)dioxol-5-yl-4-pyridin-2-yl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)benzamide	affects cotreatment, decreases expression	1
torcetrapib	increases expression	1
dorsomorphin	affects cotreatment, decreases expression	1
jinfukang	decreases expression	1
Leflunomide	increases expression	1
Air Pollutants, Occupational	affects expression	1
Arsenic	affects cotreatment, increases abundance, increases expression	1
Benzo(a)pyrene	increases methylation	1
Caffeine	affects phosphorylation	1
Dexamethasone	increases expression, affects cotreatment	1
Diazinon	increases methylation	1
Dimethyl Sulfoxide	increases expression	1
Doxorubicin	decreases expression	1
Formaldehyde	decreases expression	1
Indomethacin	affects cotreatment, increases expression	1

Clinical trials (associated diseases)

0 trials via MONDO — disease-level, not drug-specific.