PAWR

Summary

PAWR (pro-apoptotic WT1 regulator, HGNC:8614) is a protein-coding gene on chromosome 12q21.2, encoding PRKC apoptosis WT1 regulator protein (Q96IZ0). Pro-apoptotic protein capable of selectively inducing apoptosis in cancer cells, sensitizing the cells to diverse apoptotic stimuli and causing regression of tumors in animal models.

This gene encodes a tumor suppressor protein that selectively induces apoptosis in cancer cells through intracellular and extracellular mechanisms. The intracellular mechanism involves the inhibition of pro-survival pathways and the activation of Fas-mediated apoptosis, while the extracellular mechanism involves the binding of a secreted form of this protein to glucose regulated protein 78 (GRP78) on the cell surface, which leads to activation of the extrinsic apoptotic pathway. This gene is located on the unstable human chromosomal 12q21 region and is often deleted or mutated different tumors. The encoded protein also plays an important role in the progression of age-related diseases.

Source: NCBI Gene 5074 — RefSeq curated summary.

At a glance

• GWAS associations: 2
• Clinical variants (ClinVar): 16 total
• MANE Select transcript: NM_002583

Identifiers

Gene identifiers

Field	Value
HGNC ID	HGNC:8614
Approved symbol	PAWR
Name	pro-apoptotic WT1 regulator
Location	12q21.2
Locus type	gene with protein product
Status	Approved
Aliases	par-4, PAR4
Ensembl gene	ENSG00000177425
Ensembl biotype	protein_coding
OMIM	601936
Entrez	5074

Gene structure

Transcript identifiers

Ensembl transcripts: 18 — 12 protein_coding, 5 protein_coding_CDS_not_defined, 1 retained_intron

ENST00000328827, ENST00000547016, ENST00000547571, ENST00000547699, ENST00000548075, ENST00000548426, ENST00000549050, ENST00000550006, ENST00000550603, ENST00000551712, ENST00000552637, ENST00000903360, ENST00000903361, ENST00000903362, ENST00000903363, ENST00000912080, ENST00000912081, ENST00000970643

RefSeq mRNA: 3 — MANE Select: NM_002583 NM_001354732, NM_001354733, NM_002583

CCDS: CCDS31863

Canonical transcript exons

ENST00000328827 — 7 exons

Exon	Start	End
ENSE00001270680	79613575	79613609
ENSE00001270688	79621076	79621207
ENSE00001270701	79690872	79690964
ENSE00001329280	79689729	79690391
ENSE00002347237	79584879	79592693
ENSE00003562487	79594329	79594433
ENSE00003620014	79596511	79596658

Expression profiles

Bgee: expression breadth ubiquitous, 271 present calls, max score 97.14.

FANTOM5 (CAGE): breadth ubiquitous, TPM avg 35.1825 / max 447.7498, expressed in 1552 samples.

FANTOM5 promoters (19 alternative TSS)

Promoter ID	TPM avg	Samples expressed
132274	6.6270	1356
132270	5.9314	1306
132273	5.9280	1195
132271	4.0538	1321
132268	2.2524	990
132276	1.7422	667
132269	1.5454	739
132275	1.5011	873
132260	0.9379	444
132278	0.8535	537

Top tissues by expression

286 total, by Bgee expression score (0-100, higher = more expressed):

Tissue	Anatomy ID	Expression score	Quality
germinal epithelium of ovary	UBERON:0001304	97.14	gold quality
saphenous vein	UBERON:0007318	96.17	gold quality
body of uterus	UBERON:0009853	96.12	gold quality
colonic epithelium	UBERON:0000397	95.98	gold quality
right coronary artery	UBERON:0001625	95.76	gold quality
cauda epididymis	UBERON:0004360	95.71	gold quality
sural nerve	UBERON:0015488	95.71	gold quality
left uterine tube	UBERON:0001303	95.50	gold quality
myometrium	UBERON:0001296	95.34	gold quality
parietal pleura	UBERON:0002400	94.98	gold quality
left ovary	UBERON:0002119	94.90	gold quality
popliteal artery	UBERON:0002250	94.88	gold quality
tibial artery	UBERON:0007610	94.88	gold quality
buccal mucosa cell	CL:0002336	94.78	gold quality
right ovary	UBERON:0002118	94.60	gold quality
left coronary artery	UBERON:0001626	94.49	gold quality
corpus epididymis	UBERON:0004359	94.49	gold quality
endocervix	UBERON:0000458	94.46	gold quality
aorta	UBERON:0000947	94.35	gold quality
uterus	UBERON:0000995	94.34	gold quality
right uterine tube	UBERON:0001302	94.28	gold quality
left lobe of thyroid gland	UBERON:0001120	94.20	gold quality
visceral pleura	UBERON:0002401	94.20	gold quality
endometrium	UBERON:0001295	94.04	gold quality
pleura	UBERON:0000977	94.01	gold quality
coronary artery	UBERON:0001621	93.95	gold quality
caput epididymis	UBERON:0004358	93.93	gold quality
thyroid gland	UBERON:0002046	93.89	gold quality
ectocervix	UBERON:0012249	93.89	gold quality
ovary	UBERON:0000992	93.87	gold quality

Single-cell (SCXA)

Detected in 4 experiment(s), a significant marker in 3.

Experiment	Marker?	Max mean expression
E-CURD-119	yes	20.15
E-MTAB-10553	yes	19.21
E-ANND-3	yes	10.65
E-HCAD-30	no	137.34

Regulation

Is transcription factor: yes

Downstream targets (CollecTRI)

6 targets.

Target	Regulation
BCL2	Repression
CCN3	Activation
CDH2	Repression
CEBPB	Repression
DIABLO	Activation
VIM	Repression

Upstream regulators (CollecTRI, top): HOXC11, NCOA1

miRNA regulators (miRDB)

76 targeting PAWR, top 30 by miRDB confidence (max_score; target_count = how many genes the miRNA targets in total — lower means more specific):

miRNA	Max score	Avg score	miRNA target_count
HSA-MIR-30A-5P	100.00	76.31	3233
HSA-MIR-30B-5P	100.00	76.29	3248
HSA-MIR-30C-5P	100.00	76.29	3248
HSA-MIR-30D-5P	100.00	76.32	3233
HSA-MIR-30E-5P	100.00	76.32	3242
HSA-MIR-4262	100.00	73.26	3931
HSA-MIR-3163	100.00	77.23	8605
HSA-MIR-340-5P	100.00	72.50	4437
HSA-MIR-181A-5P	99.99	72.96	2995
HSA-MIR-181B-5P	99.99	72.97	2996
HSA-MIR-181C-5P	99.99	72.95	2996
HSA-MIR-181D-5P	99.99	73.04	2997
HSA-MIR-4789-3P	99.99	70.75	2484
HSA-MIR-3692-3P	99.98	70.27	2139
HSA-MIR-103A-3P	99.98	69.14	1595
HSA-MIR-107	99.98	69.14	1595
HSA-MIR-548N	99.98	71.94	4170
HSA-MIR-12136	99.98	72.81	5713
HSA-MIR-5696	99.98	72.36	4487
HSA-MIR-548AA	99.96	70.64	3753
HSA-MIR-548AP-3P	99.96	70.64	3753
HSA-MIR-548T-3P	99.96	70.64	3753
HSA-MIR-495-3P	99.96	72.81	4197
HSA-MIR-5688	99.96	73.23	4504
HSA-MIR-570-3P	99.96	72.41	4910
HSA-MIR-3910	99.95	71.13	2227
HSA-MIR-6508-5P	99.92	70.67	2465
HSA-MIR-1297	99.91	73.41	3162
HSA-MIR-6809-3P	99.91	71.45	3814
HSA-MIR-5680	99.91	69.83	3421

Literature-anchored findings (GeneRIF, showing 40)

• Par-4 increases secretion of amyloid beta peptide 1-42, which contributes to the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease. (PMID:11278808)
• mechanical strain increased PAR-4 gene expression in macrophages (PMID:11910304)
• role in regulating Bcl-2 through a WT1-binding site on the bcl-2 promoter (PMID:12644474)
• Par-4 enables cells to circumvent inhibition of the central executioner caspase-3 by alternative activation of caspases following a decrease in expression levels of inhibitors of apoptosis proteins (PMID:12685825)
• novel nuclear proapoptotic factor associated with PML NBs, which potentiates apoptosis, and interacts with Par-4 (PMID:12717420)
• there is a unique death-inducing domain in PAR4 selective for apoptosis induction in cancer cells (SAC domain) (PMID:12897127)
• death of dopaminergic neurons in Parkinson’s disease follows a degenerative pathway that circumvents the induction of Par-4. (PMID:13680279)
• Par-4 is directly involved in regulating choline uptake by interacting with CHT1 and by reducing its incorporation on the cell surface (PMID:15090548)
• Par-4 is directly involved in regulating choline uptake by interacting with CHT1 and reducing its incorporation to the cell surface. (PMID:15090548)
• Par-4 exhibits an antitransforming capacity by antagonizing p185(BCR-ABL)-induced factor-independent proliferation in hematopoietic cells. (PMID:15246161)
• Par-4 increases apoptosis by upregulating the CD95 receptor on the cell surface and, with concomitant decrease of the FLICE-like inhibitory protein (FLIP), by promoting cleavage of the initiator caspases-8 and -10. (PMID:15316756)
• In the erythroleukemic cell line HEL, in contrast to other cell types, Par-4 fails to promote apoptosis, & instead upregulates BCL2, Daxx, & procaspases 8, 9, & 10. (PMID:15359646)
• Selective apoptosis of cancer cells by the SAC domain of Par-4 involves phosphorylation of T155 by PKA. (PMID:15657440)
• Data show that the C-terminal domain of PAR-4 is necessary for forming a complex with the cytosolic tail of BACE1. (PMID:15671026)
• the mechanism for Ras-mediated down-regulation of Par-4 is by promoter methylation (PMID:15831492)
• SSB-1, SSB-2 and SSB-4, but not SSB-3, bind prostate apoptosis response protein-4 (Par-4) (PMID:16369487)
• review of prominent structural and functional features of Par-4 and the multiple levels of regulation of its apoptotic function [review] (PMID:16382046)
• Results suggest that, in addition to its proapoptotic function, par-4 acts as a novel transcription cofactor for androgen receptors to target c-FLIP gene expression. (PMID:16720717)
• The induction of apoptosis by arsenic compounds was accompanied by down-regulation of hTERT and wt1 mRNA and protein expression but up-regulation of par-4. (PMID:16966277)
• Par-4 is a relevant tumor suppressor gene in human endometrial carcinogenesis. (PMID:17332319)
• Data suggest that the cytoplasmic localization and expression level of endogenous Par-4 in nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell lines are not sufficient to augment apoptosis. (PMID:17881119)
• Platelet PAR-1/PAR-4 stimulation causes rapid Akt phosphorylation downstream of PLC, whereas with continuous stimulation, ADP and PI3K are required for maintaining Akt phosphorylation. (PMID:17883592)
• Downregulation of PAR-4, a pro-apoptotic gene, is associated with pancreatic tumors harboring K-ras mutation (PMID:17893871)
• Levels of phospho-Akt are decreased in Caki cells overexpressing Par-4 cells to a significantly greater extent than in Caki/Vector cells by treatment with thapsigargin.This is associated with decreased levels of phospho-PDK1, the kinase upstream of Akt. (PMID:18041764)
• No significant genetic association was found with schizophrenia or Major Depressive Disorder or Bipolar Disorder. (PMID:18085546)
• Our results indicate that the PAWR gene is associated with schizophrenia in our population, and this study provides genetic evidence to support the dopamine hypothesis of schizophrenia. (PMID:18281137)
• No association between genetic variations in the human PAWR gene and tardive dyskinesia in schizophrenia has been found. (PMID:18506731)
• The lack of Par-4 dramatically enhances Ras-induced lung carcinoma formation in vivo, acting as a negative regulator of Akt activation. (PMID:18650932)
• Expression of full-length Par-4 in human-bone mesenchymal cells resulted in increased activity of the Smac promoter. (PMID:18660514)
• findings suggest that Par-4 serves as an intracellular repressor of TOP1 catalytic activity and regulates DNA topology to suppress cellular transformation (PMID:18676842)
• Par-4 is a tumor suppressor protein with a pro-apoptotic function. Epigenetic silencing of Par-4 is seen in diverse tumors, [REVIEW] (PMID:18836307)
• BMP-9 induced apoptosis in PC-3 cells through the up-regulation of prostate apoptosis response-4. (PMID:18922975)
• These results suggest that prostate apoptosis response 4 does not play a major role in methamphetamine-use disorders in the Japanese population. (PMID:18991852)
• siRNA against Par-4 gene could inhibit the apoptosis of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. (PMID:19099901)
• LMP-1 negatively influences the pro-apoptosis protein Par-4 by the coordination of multiple signaling pathways. (PMID:19250735)
• cooperation between Par-4 and PTEN as relevant for the development of prostate cancer and implicate the NF-kappaB pathway as a critical event in prostate tumorigenesis. (PMID:19470463)
• Par-4 activates an extrinsic pathway involving cell surface GRP78 receptor for induction of apoptosis. (PMID:19632185)
• These data suggest PAWR is a novel PITX2-interacting protein that regulates PITX2 activity in ocular cells. (PMID:19801652)
• Endoplasmic reticulum stress causes translocation of the Par-4-GRP78 complex from the ER to the plasma membrane, and through a positive feedback loop, extracellular Par-4 binds to cell surface GRP78 activating the extrinsic apoptotic pathway. Review. (PMID:19823030)
• Compared to normal controls, mean Par-4 levels appeared slightly lower in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. However, in major depression, Par-4 was decreased by 67% compared to normal controls. (PMID:20067857)

Cross-species orthologs

3 orthologs

Organism	Symbol	Gene ID
danio_rerio	pawr	ENSDARG00000045486
mus_musculus	Pawr	ENSMUSG00000035873
rattus_norvegicus	Pawr	ENSRNOG00000005917

Protein

Protein identifiers

PRKC apoptosis WT1 regulator protein — Q96IZ0 (reviewed: Q96IZ0)

Alternative names: Prostate apoptosis response 4 protein

All UniProt accessions (5): A0A0B4J260, F8W1M8, Q96IZ0, H0YHP5, H0YI16

UniProt curated annotations — full annotation on UniProt →

Function. Pro-apoptotic protein capable of selectively inducing apoptosis in cancer cells, sensitizing the cells to diverse apoptotic stimuli and causing regression of tumors in animal models. Induces apoptosis in certain cancer cells by activation of the Fas prodeath pathway and coparallel inhibition of NF-kappa-B transcriptional activity. Inhibits the transcriptional activation and augments the transcriptional repression mediated by WT1. Down-regulates the anti-apoptotic protein BCL2 via its interaction with WT1. Also seems to be a transcriptional repressor by itself. May be directly involved in regulating the amyloid precursor protein (APP) cleavage activity of BACE1.

Subunit / interactions. Homooligomer. Interacts (via the C-terminal region) with WT1. Interacts with THAP1. Interacts with AATF. Interacts with BACE1. Interacts with SPSB1 (via B30.2/SPRY domain); this interaction is direct and occurs in association with the Elongin BC complex. Interacts with SPSB2 (via B30.2/SPRY domain); this interaction occurs in association with the Elongin BC complex. Interacts with SPSB4 (via B30.2/SPRY domain); this interaction occurs in association with the Elongin BC complex. Component of a ternary complex composed of SQSTM1 and PRKCZ. Interacts with actin.

Subcellular location. Cytoplasm. Nucleus.

Tissue specificity. Widely expressed. Expression is elevated in various neurodegenerative diseases such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Alzheimer, Parkinson and Huntington diseases and stroke. Down-regulated in several cancers.

Post-translational modifications. Preferentially phosphorylated at the Thr-163 by PKC in cancer cells.

Domain organisation. The leucine-zipper domain is not essential for apoptosis, but is required for sensitization of cells to exogenous apoptotic insults and for interaction with its partners. The SAC domain is a death-inducing domain selective for apoptosis induction in cancer cells. This domain is essential for nuclear entry, Fas activation, inhibition of NF-kappa-B activity and induction of apoptosis in cancer cells. The B30.2/SPRY domain-binding motif mediates recognition by proteins containing a B30.2/SPRY domain.

Induction. By apoptosis.

RefSeq proteins (3): NP_001341661, NP_001341662, NP_002574* (*=MANE)

Domains & families (InterPro)

ID	Name	Type
IPR026117	Par-4	Family

UniProt features (27 total): compositionally biased region 5, mutagenesis site 5, sequence variant 4, region of interest 3, modified residue 3, sequence conflict 3, short sequence motif 2, chain 1, coiled-coil region 1

Structure

Experimental structures (PDB)

1 structures.

PDB	Method	Resolution (Å)
2JK9	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	1.79

Predicted structure (AlphaFold)

Model	pLDDT	Fraction very-high
AF-Q96IZ0-F1	65.86	0.28

Functional residue map

Curated UniProt residues grouped by drug-discovery relevance — catalytic, ligand-binding, modification, and mutation-validated positions. Source: UniProtKB sequence features.

Post-translational modifications (3): 108, 163, 231

Mutagenesis-validated functional residues (5):

Position	Phenotype
66	no loss of interaction with spsb1, spsb2 and spsb4.
68	increased interaction with spsb2. only slightly increased interaction with spsb4. increased interaction with spsb1, spsb
69	only slightly increased interaction with spsb2. only slightly increased interaction with spsb4. increased interaction wi
71	loss of interaction with spsb1, spsb2 and spsb4.
72	loss of interaction with spsb1-elongin bc complex and spsb2 and spsb4.

Function

Pathways and Gene Ontology

Reactome pathways

0 pathways

MSigDB gene sets: 317 (showing top): GOBP_REGULATION_OF_T_CELL_RECEPTOR_SIGNALING_PATHWAY, GOBP_REGULATION_OF_CELL_ACTIVATION, GOBP_REGULATION_OF_ANTIGEN_RECEPTOR_MEDIATED_SIGNALING_PATHWAY, GOBP_REGULATION_OF_LEUKOCYTE_PROLIFERATION, LIANG_HEMATOPOIESIS_STEM_CELL_NUMBER_SMALL_VS_HUGE_UP, BERENJENO_ROCK_SIGNALING_NOT_VIA_RHOA_DN, HORIUCHI_WTAP_TARGETS_DN, GOBP_ACTIN_FILAMENT_BUNDLE_ORGANIZATION, MODULE_255, GOBP_B_CELL_ACTIVATION, GOBP_NEGATIVE_REGULATION_OF_LEUKOCYTE_PROLIFERATION, BASSO_HAIRY_CELL_LEUKEMIA_DN, GOBP_ANTIGEN_RECEPTOR_MEDIATED_SIGNALING_PATHWAY, GOBP_NEGATIVE_REGULATION_OF_B_CELL_ACTIVATION, MODULE_317

GO Biological Process (14): negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II (GO:0000122), apoptotic process (GO:0006915), positive regulation of gene expression (GO:0010628), negative regulation of gene expression (GO:0010629), negative regulation of B cell proliferation (GO:0030889), negative regulation of T cell proliferation (GO:0042130), positive regulation of amyloid precursor protein biosynthetic process (GO:0042986), positive regulation of apoptotic process (GO:0043065), negative regulation of fibroblast proliferation (GO:0048147), negative regulation of T cell receptor signaling pathway (GO:0050860), actin filament bundle assembly (GO:0051017), apoptotic signaling pathway (GO:0097190), positive regulation of hydrogen peroxide-mediated programmed cell death (GO:1901300), positive regulation of cellular senescence (GO:2000774)

GO Molecular Function (5): transcription corepressor activity (GO:0003714), actin binding (GO:0003779), enzyme binding (GO:0019899), leucine zipper domain binding (GO:0043522), protein binding (GO:0005515)

GO Cellular Component (8): chromatin (GO:0000785), nucleus (GO:0005634), cytoplasm (GO:0005737), cytosol (GO:0005829), actin filament (GO:0005884), plasma membrane (GO:0005886), actin cytoskeleton (GO:0015629), ciliary tip (GO:0097542)

GO top-level categories

Rollup of top GO terms by namespace:

Category	Terms
cellular anatomical structure	4
negative regulation of DNA-templated transcription	2
gene expression	2
regulation of gene expression	2
negative regulation of lymphocyte proliferation	2
apoptotic process	2
positive regulation of programmed cell death	2
regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	1
transcription by RNA polymerase II	1
programmed cell death	1
apoptotic signaling pathway	1
execution phase of apoptosis	1
positive regulation of macromolecule biosynthetic process	1
negative regulation of macromolecule biosynthetic process	1
regulation of B cell proliferation	1
B cell proliferation	1
negative regulation of B cell activation	1
T cell proliferation	1
regulation of T cell proliferation	1
negative regulation of T cell activation	1
positive regulation of glycoprotein biosynthetic process	1
amyloid precursor protein biosynthetic process	1
regulation of amyloid precursor protein biosynthetic process	1
regulation of apoptotic process	1
negative regulation of cell population proliferation	1
fibroblast proliferation	1
regulation of fibroblast proliferation	1
T cell receptor signaling pathway	1
regulation of T cell receptor signaling pathway	1
negative regulation of antigen receptor-mediated signaling pathway	1
cellular component assembly	1
actin filament bundle organization	1
signal transduction	1
hydrogen peroxide-mediated programmed cell death	1
regulation of hydrogen peroxide-mediated programmed cell death	1
positive regulation of cellular process	1
cellular senescence	1
regulation of cellular senescence	1
transcription coregulator activity	1
cytoskeletal protein binding	1

Protein interactions and networks

STRING

668 interactions, top by confidence (×1000):

Protein A	Protein B	Partner UniProt	Score
PAWR	THAP1	Q9NVV9	887
PAWR	HSPA5	P11021	882
PAWR	DAPK3	O43293	876
PAWR	WT1	P19544	873
PAWR	CIAO1	O76071	769
PAWR	SLC18A3	Q16572	712
PAWR	F2RL3	Q96RI0	694
PAWR	DRD2	P14416	671
PAWR	RRM1	P23921	599
PAWR	UACA	Q9BZF9	591
PAWR	GDF2	Q9UK05	573
PAWR	THAP2	Q9H0W7	528
PAWR	FLII	Q13045	519
PAWR	SPSB2	Q99619	514
PAWR	SMAD9	O15198	511

IntAct

91 interactions, top by confidence:

A	B	Type	Score
CEP290	CCP110	psi-mi:“MI:2364”(proximity)	0.890
HMG20A	KDM1A	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.730
PAWR	Spsb2	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.710
Spsb2	PAWR	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.710
CFTR	ESYT2	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.710
PAWR	Spsb2	psi-mi:“MI:0407”(direct interaction)	0.710
IKBIP	SNAPIN	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.670
MIA2	RGPD8	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.640
Spsb1	PAWR	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.610
Spsb4	PAWR	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.610
PAWR	Spsb1	psi-mi:“MI:0407”(direct interaction)	0.610
Spsb4	PAWR	psi-mi:“MI:0407”(direct interaction)	0.610
PAWR	Spsb4	psi-mi:“MI:0407”(direct interaction)	0.610
SPSB2	PAWR	psi-mi:“MI:0407”(direct interaction)	0.590
PAWR	SPSB4	psi-mi:“MI:0407”(direct interaction)	0.590
PAWR	HSPA5	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.580
HSPA5	PAWR	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.580

BioGRID (180): PAWR (Affinity Capture-MS), PAWR (Affinity Capture-MS), PAWR (Affinity Capture-MS), PAWR (Co-fractionation), PAWR (Proximity Label-MS), PAWR (Proximity Label-MS), PAWR (Affinity Capture-MS), PAWR (Affinity Capture-MS), PAWR (Affinity Capture-MS), PAWR (Affinity Capture-MS), PAWR (Affinity Capture-MS), PAWR (Affinity Capture-MS), PAWR (Affinity Capture-MS), PAWR (Affinity Capture-MS), PAWR (Affinity Capture-Western)

ESM2 similar proteins: A0A0R4IZ84, A0A1L8H8C0, A0A1L8HFX9, A2RUV4, F1LP90, F5HSE3, O43310, O60237, O75167, O88453, P41110, P61406, Q12830, Q1LVF3, Q2HJG4, Q2PFD7, Q3TLH4, Q5RAK6, Q5ZMS6, Q66HC1, Q6A0A2, Q6NRP6, Q6NZL0, Q6P1U3, Q6PKG0, Q75N33, Q7TN02, Q7TPM1, Q7YZA2, Q7Z6E9, Q80TN7, Q80XI3, Q86UR5, Q86US8, Q8IVL0, Q8IVL1, Q8K0V4, Q8N4C8, Q90YL3, Q90YY5

Diamond homologs: Q62627, Q925B0, Q96IZ0

SIGNOR signaling

4 interactions.

A	Effect	B	Mechanism
PAWR	“down-regulates activity”	WT1	binding
FBXO45	“down-regulates quantity by destabilization”	PAWR	binding
“Skp1-Pam E3”	“down-regulates quantity by destabilization”	PAWR	polyubiquitination
AKT1	“down-regulates activity”	PAWR	phosphorylation

Disease & clinical

Clinical variants and AI predictions

ClinVar

16 variants total. Per-class counts are floors (≥ shown; pagination cap):

Classification	Count (floor)
Pathogenic	0
Likely pathogenic	0
Uncertain significance	13
Likely benign	0
Benign	1

Top pathogenic / likely-pathogenic (0)

SpliceAI

2503 predictions. Top by Δscore:

Variant	Effect	Δscore
12:79592650:T:A	donor_gain	1.0000
12:79592695:T:C	acceptor_gain	1.0000
12:79594323:ACTT:A	donor_loss	1.0000
12:79594327:A:AC	donor_gain	1.0000
12:79594327:AC:A	donor_loss	1.0000
12:79594327:ACT:A	donor_gain	1.0000
12:79594328:C:CT	donor_gain	1.0000
12:79594328:CT:C	donor_gain	1.0000
12:79594328:CTC:C	donor_gain	1.0000
12:79594328:CTCT:C	donor_gain	1.0000
12:79594328:CTCTA:C	donor_gain	1.0000
12:79594430:CTTC:C	acceptor_gain	1.0000
12:79594432:TC:T	acceptor_gain	1.0000
12:79594432:TCC:T	acceptor_loss	1.0000
12:79594433:CCTGG:C	acceptor_gain	1.0000
12:79594434:C:CC	acceptor_gain	1.0000
12:79594434:CTGGT:C	acceptor_loss	1.0000
12:79594437:G:GC	acceptor_gain	1.0000
12:79594441:A:C	acceptor_gain	1.0000
12:79594447:T:TC	acceptor_gain	1.0000
12:79596505:CCATA:C	donor_loss	1.0000
12:79596506:CATA:C	donor_loss	1.0000
12:79596507:ATAC:A	donor_loss	1.0000
12:79596508:TA:T	donor_loss	1.0000
12:79596509:ACCTT:A	donor_loss	1.0000
12:79596510:C:CT	donor_loss	1.0000
12:79596654:TTGTG:T	acceptor_gain	1.0000
12:79596655:TGTG:T	acceptor_gain	1.0000
12:79596656:GTG:G	acceptor_gain	1.0000
12:79596657:TG:T	acceptor_gain	1.0000

AlphaMissense

2196 scored. Top likely-pathogenic:

Variant	Protein change	am_pathogenicity
12:79592617:A:G	L338P	1.000
12:79592638:A:G	L331P	1.000
12:79592638:A:T	L331H	1.000
12:79592659:A:G	L324P	1.000
12:79689754:C:T	G164D	1.000
12:79689755:C:G	G164R	1.000
12:79689764:G:T	R161S	1.000
12:79689783:C:A	R154S	1.000
12:79689783:C:G	R154S	1.000
12:79689784:C:A	R154M	1.000
12:79689784:C:G	R154T	1.000
12:79690176:C:A	W23C	1.000
12:79690176:C:G	W23C	1.000
12:79690178:A:G	W23R	1.000
12:79690178:A:T	W23R	1.000
12:79592617:A:T	L338Q	0.999
12:79592635:A:G	L332S	0.999
12:79592646:A:C	N328K	0.999
12:79592646:A:T	N328K	0.999
12:79592648:T:C	N328D	0.999
12:79592689:A:G	L314P	0.999
12:79594357:A:G	L303P	0.999
12:79689755:C:A	G164C	0.999
12:79689757:G:A	T163I	0.999
12:79689766:C:G	R160P	0.999
12:79689768:C:A	K159N	0.999
12:79689768:C:G	K159N	0.999
12:79689769:T:G	K159T	0.999
12:79689770:T:C	K159E	0.999
12:79689771:C:A	E158D	0.999

dbSNP variants (sampled 300 via entrez): RS1000013756 (12:79666324 G>A,C), RS1000045571 (12:79687809 A>T), RS1000084046 (12:79603202 C>T), RS1000089507 (12:79598568 C>T), RS1000110527 (12:79620912 C>T), RS1000117600 (12:79690107 G>A,C), RS1000160871 (12:79625470 A>G), RS1000166689 (12:79649725 G>A,C), RS1000234868 (12:79594323 A>G), RS1000258743 (12:79601794 T>C), RS1000280201 (12:79589805 C>A,G,T), RS1000290869 (12:79596896 TG>T), RS1000292219 (12:79646287 C>T), RS1000301325 (12:79671377 A>G), RS1000328512 (12:79659364 T>A,C)

Disease associations

OMIM: gene MIM:601936 | disease phenotypes:

GenCC curated gene-disease

Mondo (0):

Orphanet (0):

HPO phenotypes

0 total (0 of 0 shown, HPO-id order):

GWAS associations

2 associations (top):

Study	Trait	p-value
GCST000253_24	Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and conduct disorder	4.000000e-06
GCST010703_313	Brain morphology (MOSTest)	1.000000e-23

EFO canonical traits (1, from GWAS)

EFO ID	Trait name
EFO:0004346	neuroimaging measurement

Drugs & pharmacology

Drug and pharmacology data

Is drug target: no

PharmGKB: 1 entry (VIP=true, CPIC=false)

Binding affinities (BindingDB)

118 measured of 118 human assays (118 total across all organisms); most potent 50 below. Values come from heterogeneous assays and are not directly comparable.

Ligand	Measure	Value	Patent
4-[2-[[6-methoxy-2-(2-methoxyimidazo[2,1-b][1,3,4]thiadiazol-6-yl)-1-benzofuran-4-yl]oxymethyl]piperidin-1-yl]benzonitrile	IC50	240 nM	US-10329307: Heterocyclic compounds as inhibitors of platelet aggregation
2-methoxy-6-[6-methoxy-4-[[(2S)-1-(4-methoxyphenyl)pyrrolidin-2-yl]methoxy]-1-benzofuran-2-yl]imidazo[2,1-b][1,3,4]thiadiazole	IC50	290 nM	US-10329307: Heterocyclic compounds as inhibitors of platelet aggregation
[(3R)-3-(hydroxymethyl)morpholin-4-yl]-[4-[4-[[5-methoxy-2-(2-methylimidazo[2,1-b][1,3,4]thiadiazol-6-yl)-1,3-benzothiazol-7-yl]oxymethyl]-1,3-thiazol-2-yl]phenyl]methanone	IC50	330 nM	US-10238638: Benzothiazole and benzothiophene compounds
ethyl 4-[2-[[6-methoxy-2-(2-methoxyimidazo[2,1-b][1,3,4]thiadiazol-6-yl)-1-benzofuran-4-yl]oxymethyl]piperidin-1-yl]benzoate	IC50	370 nM	US-10329307: Heterocyclic compounds as inhibitors of platelet aggregation
2-methoxy-6-[6-methoxy-4-[[(2R)-1-(4-methoxyphenyl)pyrrolidin-2-yl]methoxy]-1-benzofuran-2-yl]imidazo[2,1-b][1,3,4]thiadiazole	IC50	390 nM	US-10329307: Heterocyclic compounds as inhibitors of platelet aggregation
4-[(2R)-2-[[6-methoxy-2-(2-methoxyimidazo[2,1-b][1,3,4]thiadiazol-6-yl)-1-benzofuran-4-yl]oxymethyl]pyrrolidin-1-yl]benzonitrile	IC50	420 nM	US-10329307: Heterocyclic compounds as inhibitors of platelet aggregation
6-[4-[[(2R)-1-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)pyrrolidin-2-yl]methoxy]-6-methoxy-1-benzofuran-2-yl]-2-methoxyimidazo[2,1-b][1,3,4]thiadiazole	IC50	420 nM	US-10329307: Heterocyclic compounds as inhibitors of platelet aggregation
2-methoxy-6-[6-methoxy-4-[[(2S)-1-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]pyrrolidin-2-yl]methoxy]-1-benzofuran-2-yl]imidazo[2,1-b][1,3,4]thiadiazole	IC50	440 nM	US-10329307: Heterocyclic compounds as inhibitors of platelet aggregation
6-[4-[[1-(4-chlorophenyl)piperidin-3-yl]methoxy]-6-methoxy-1-benzofuran-2-yl]-2-methoxyimidazo[2,1-b][1,3,4]thiadiazole	IC50	440 nM	US-10329307: Heterocyclic compounds as inhibitors of platelet aggregation
2-methoxy-6-[6-methoxy-4-[[(2S)-1-(3-methoxyphenyl)pyrrolidin-2-yl]methoxy]-1-benzofuran-2-yl]imidazo[2,1-b][1,3,4]thiadiazole	IC50	460 nM	US-10329307: Heterocyclic compounds as inhibitors of platelet aggregation
6-[4-[[(2S)-1-(4-fluorophenyl)pyrrolidin-2-yl]methoxy]-6-methoxy-1-benzofuran-2-yl]-2-methoxyimidazo[2,1-b][1,3,4]thiadiazole	IC50	470 nM	US-10329307: Heterocyclic compounds as inhibitors of platelet aggregation
2-[3-[[6-methoxy-2-(2-methoxyimidazo[2,1-b][1,3,4]thiadiazol-6-yl)-1-benzofuran-4-yl]oxymethyl]piperidin-1-yl]pyridine-4-carbonitrile	IC50	480 nM	US-10329307: Heterocyclic compounds as inhibitors of platelet aggregation
4-[(2S)-2-[[6-methoxy-2-(2-methoxyimidazo[2,1-b][1,3,4]thiadiazol-6-yl)-1-benzofuran-4-yl]oxymethyl]pyrrolidin-1-yl]benzonitrile	IC50	500 nM	US-10329307: Heterocyclic compounds as inhibitors of platelet aggregation
2-methoxy-6-[6-methoxy-4-[[1-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]piperidin-3-yl]methoxy]-1-benzofuran-2-yl]imidazo[2,1-b][1,3,4]thiadiazole	IC50	510 nM	US-10329307: Heterocyclic compounds as inhibitors of platelet aggregation
6-[4-[[(2S)-1-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)pyrrolidin-2-yl]methoxy]-6-methoxy-1-benzofuran-2-yl]-2-methoxyimidazo[2,1-b][1,3,4]thiadiazole	IC50	540 nM	US-10329307: Heterocyclic compounds as inhibitors of platelet aggregation
6-[4-[[1-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)piperidin-3-yl]methoxy]-6-methoxy-1-benzofuran-2-yl]-2-methoxyimidazo[2,1-b][1,3,4]thiadiazole	IC50	540 nM	US-10329307: Heterocyclic compounds as inhibitors of platelet aggregation
ethyl 4-[(2R)-2-[[6-methoxy-2-(2-methoxyimidazo[2,1-b][1,3,4]thiadiazol-6-yl)-1-benzofuran-4-yl]oxymethyl]pyrrolidin-1-yl]benzoate	IC50	550 nM	US-10329307: Heterocyclic compounds as inhibitors of platelet aggregation
6-[4-[[1-(3,5-difluoro-2-pyridinyl)piperidin-3-yl]methoxy]-6-methoxy-1-benzofuran-2-yl]-2-methoxyimidazo[2,1-b][1,3,4]thiadiazole	IC50	560 nM	US-10329307: Heterocyclic compounds as inhibitors of platelet aggregation
2-methoxy-6-[6-methoxy-4-[[(2S)-1-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]pyrrolidin-2-yl]methoxy]-1-benzofuran-2-yl]imidazo[2,1-b][1,3,4]thiadiazole	IC50	600 nM	US-10329307: Heterocyclic compounds as inhibitors of platelet aggregation
6-[4-[[(3R)-1-(4-chlorophenyl)piperidin-3-yl]methoxy]-6-methoxy-1-benzofuran-2-yl]-2-methoxyimidazo[2,1-b][1,3,4]thiadiazole	IC50	700 nM	US-10329307: Heterocyclic compounds as inhibitors of platelet aggregation
2-methoxy-6-[6-methoxy-4-[[(2S)-1-(5-methoxy-2-pyridinyl)pyrrolidin-2-yl]methoxy]-1-benzofuran-2-yl]imidazo[2,1-b][1,3,4]thiadiazole	IC50	710 nM	US-10329307: Heterocyclic compounds as inhibitors of platelet aggregation
6-[4-[[1-(4-chlorophenyl)piperidin-2-yl]methoxy]-6-methoxy-1-benzofuran-2-yl]-2-methoxyimidazo[2,1-b][1,3,4]thiadiazole	IC50	720 nM	US-10329307: Heterocyclic compounds as inhibitors of platelet aggregation
6-[4-[[(2R)-1-(4-fluorophenyl)pyrrolidin-2-yl]methoxy]-6-methoxy-1-benzofuran-2-yl]-2-methoxyimidazo[2,1-b][1,3,4]thiadiazole	IC50	740 nM	US-10329307: Heterocyclic compounds as inhibitors of platelet aggregation
2-methoxy-6-[6-methoxy-4-[[1-(4-methoxyphenyl)piperidin-3-yl]methoxy]-1-benzofuran-2-yl]imidazo[2,1-b][1,3,4]thiadiazole	IC50	750 nM	US-10329307: Heterocyclic compounds as inhibitors of platelet aggregation
6-[(3R)-3-[[6-methoxy-2-(2-methoxyimidazo[2,1-b][1,3,4]thiadiazol-6-yl)-1-benzofuran-4-yl]oxymethyl]piperidin-1-yl]pyridine-3-carbonitrile	IC50	750 nM	US-10329307: Heterocyclic compounds as inhibitors of platelet aggregation
4-[4-[[2-[2-(1,1-difluoroethyl)imidazo[2,1-b][1,3,4]thiadiazol-6-yl]-5-methoxy-1,3-benzothiazol-7-yl]oxymethyl]-1,3-thiazol-2-yl]-N-methyl-N-(oxan-4-yl)benzamide	IC50	760 nM	US-10238638: Benzothiazole and benzothiophene compounds
6-[4-[[(3R)-1-(4-chlorophenyl)pyrrolidin-3-yl]methoxy]-6-methoxy-1-benzofuran-2-yl]-2-methoxyimidazo[2,1-b][1,3,4]thiadiazole	IC50	790 nM	US-10329307: Heterocyclic compounds as inhibitors of platelet aggregation
6-[4-[[(3S)-1-(4-chlorophenyl)piperidin-3-yl]methoxy]-6-methoxy-1-benzofuran-2-yl]-2-methoxyimidazo[2,1-b][1,3,4]thiadiazole	IC50	840 nM	US-10329307: Heterocyclic compounds as inhibitors of platelet aggregation
4-[(3S)-3-[[6-methoxy-2-(2-methoxyimidazo[2,1-b][1,3,4]thiadiazol-6-yl)-1-benzofuran-4-yl]oxymethyl]piperidin-1-yl]benzonitrile	IC50	860 nM	US-10329307: Heterocyclic compounds as inhibitors of platelet aggregation
ethyl 4-[(3S)-3-[[6-methoxy-2-(2-methoxyimidazo[2,1-b][1,3,4]thiadiazol-6-yl)-1-benzofuran-4-yl]oxymethyl]piperidin-1-yl]benzoate	IC50	890 nM	US-10329307: Heterocyclic compounds as inhibitors of platelet aggregation
[4-[4-[[2-[2-(1,1-difluoroethyl)imidazo[2,1-b][1,3,4]thiadiazol-6-yl]-5-methoxy-1,3-benzothiazol-7-yl]oxymethyl]-1,3-thiazol-2-yl]phenyl]-[(3R)-3-(hydroxymethyl)morpholin-4-yl]methanone	IC50	920 nM	US-10238638: Benzothiazole and benzothiophene compounds
[4-(hydroxymethyl)-4-methylpiperidin-1-yl]-[4-[4-[[5-methoxy-2-(2-methylimidazo[2,1-b][1,3,4]thiadiazol-6-yl)-1,3-benzothiazol-7-yl]oxymethyl]-1,3-thiazol-2-yl]phenyl]methanone	IC50	930 nM	US-10238638: Benzothiazole and benzothiophene compounds
6-[4-[[(2R)-1-(4-chlorophenyl)pyrrolidin-2-yl]methoxy]-6-methoxy-1-benzofuran-2-yl]-2-methoxyimidazo[2,1-b][1,3,4]thiadiazole	IC50	950 nM	US-10329307: Heterocyclic compounds as inhibitors of platelet aggregation
2-methoxy-6-[6-methoxy-4-[[(2S)-1-(4-methylphenyl)pyrrolidin-2-yl]methoxy]-1-benzofuran-2-yl]imidazo[2,1-b][1,3,4]thiadiazole	IC50	950 nM	US-10329307: Heterocyclic compounds as inhibitors of platelet aggregation
ethyl 4-[(3R)-3-[[6-methoxy-2-(2-methoxyimidazo[2,1-b][1,3,4]thiadiazol-6-yl)-1-benzofuran-4-yl]oxymethyl]piperidin-1-yl]benzoate	IC50	950 nM	US-10329307: Heterocyclic compounds as inhibitors of platelet aggregation
4-[4-[[5-methoxy-2-(2-methylimidazo[2,1-b][1,3,4]thiadiazol-6-yl)-1,3-benzothiazol-7-yl]oxymethyl]-1,3-thiazol-2-yl]-N-methyl-N-(oxan-4-yl)benzamide	IC50	980 nM	US-10238638: Benzothiazole and benzothiophene compounds
ethyl 4-[4-[[6-methoxy-2-(2-methoxyimidazo[2,1-b][1,3,4]thiadiazol-6-yl)-1-benzofuran-4-yl]oxymethyl]piperidin-1-yl]benzoate	IC50	1000 nM	US-10329307: Heterocyclic compounds as inhibitors of platelet aggregation
6-[4-[[1-(5-chloro-2-pyridinyl)piperidin-3-yl]methoxy]-6-methoxy-1-benzofuran-2-yl]-2-methoxyimidazo[2,1-b][1,3,4]thiadiazole	IC50	1000 nM	US-10329307: Heterocyclic compounds as inhibitors of platelet aggregation
N-(cyanomethyl)-4-[4-[[5-methoxy-2-(2-methylimidazo[2,1-b][1,3,4]thiadiazol-6-yl)-1,3-benzothiazol-7-yl]oxymethyl]-1,3-thiazol-2-yl]-N-methylbenzamide	IC50	1100 nM	US-10238638: Benzothiazole and benzothiophene compounds
[4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperidin-1-yl]-[4-[4-[[5-methoxy-2-(2-methylimidazo[2,1-b][1,3,4]thiadiazol-6-yl)-1,3-benzothiazol-7-yl]oxymethyl]-5-methyl-1,3-thiazol-2-yl]phenyl]methanone	IC50	1100 nM	US-10238638: Benzothiazole and benzothiophene compounds
6-[4-[[1-(2,4-dimethoxyphenyl)piperidin-3-yl]methoxy]-6-methoxy-1-benzofuran-2-yl]-2-methoxyimidazo[2,1-b][1,3,4]thiadiazole	IC50	1100 nM	US-10329307: Heterocyclic compounds as inhibitors of platelet aggregation
4-[4-[[6-methoxy-2-(2-methoxyimidazo[2,1-b][1,3,4]thiadiazol-6-yl)-1-benzofuran-4-yl]oxymethyl]piperidin-1-yl]benzonitrile	IC50	1100 nM	US-10329307: Heterocyclic compounds as inhibitors of platelet aggregation
6-[4-[[(3S)-1-(4-fluorophenyl)piperidin-3-yl]methoxy]-6-methoxy-1-benzofuran-2-yl]-2-methoxyimidazo[2,1-b][1,3,4]thiadiazole	IC50	1100 nM	US-10329307: Heterocyclic compounds as inhibitors of platelet aggregation
[4-[4-[[2-[2-(1,1-difluoroethyl)imidazo[2,1-b][1,3,4]thiadiazol-6-yl]-5-methoxy-1,3-benzothiazol-7-yl]oxymethyl]-1,3-thiazol-2-yl]phenyl]-[(3R)-3-(hydroxymethyl)pyrrolidin-1-yl]methanone	IC50	1200 nM	US-10238638: Benzothiazole and benzothiophene compounds
N-(cyanomethyl)-4-[4-[[2-(2-cyclopropylimidazo[2,1-b][1,3,4]thiadiazol-6-yl)-5-methoxy-1,3-benzothiazol-7-yl]oxymethyl]-1,3-thiazol-2-yl]-N-methylbenzamide	IC50	1200 nM	US-10238638: Benzothiazole and benzothiophene compounds
4-[4-[[2-(2-ethylimidazo[2,1-b][1,3,4]thiadiazol-6-yl)-5-methoxy-1,3-benzothiazol-7-yl]oxymethyl]-1,3-thiazol-2-yl]-N,N-dimethylbenzamide	IC50	1200 nM	US-10238638: Benzothiazole and benzothiophene compounds
tert-butyl 3-[[6-methoxy-2-(6-methylimidazo[1,2-b]pyridazin-2-yl)-1-benzofuran-4-yl]oxymethyl]-4-(4-methoxyphenyl)piperazine-1-carboxylate	IC50	1200 nM	US-10329307: Heterocyclic compounds as inhibitors of platelet aggregation
benzyl (3S)-3-[[6-methoxy-2-(2-methoxyimidazo[2,1-b][1,3,4]thiadiazol-6-yl)-1-benzofuran-4-yl]oxymethyl]piperidine-1-carboxylate	IC50	1200 nM	US-10329307: Heterocyclic compounds as inhibitors of platelet aggregation
4-[4-[[2-(2-ethylimidazo[2,1-b][1,3,4]thiadiazol-6-yl)-5-methoxy-1,3-benzothiazol-7-yl]oxymethyl]-1,3-thiazol-2-yl]-N-methyl-N-[(3S)-oxolan-3-yl]benzamide	IC50	1300 nM	US-10238638: Benzothiazole and benzothiophene compounds
[4-[4-[[2-(2-ethylimidazo[2,1-b][1,3,4]thiadiazol-6-yl)-5-methoxy-1,3-benzothiazol-7-yl]oxymethyl]-1,3-thiazol-2-yl]phenyl]-[4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperidin-1-yl]methanone	IC50	1300 nM	US-10238638: Benzothiazole and benzothiophene compounds

CTD chemical–gene interactions

83 total (human), top 30 by PubMed support.

Chemical	Actions (top 5)	PubMed papers
Valproic Acid	increases methylation, affects expression, increases expression	5
methylmercuric chloride	increases expression, affects cotreatment	4
sodium arsenite	decreases expression, increases expression	3
Cisplatin	decreases response to substance, affects cotreatment, decreases expression, increases expression, decreases reaction	3
Estradiol	decreases expression, decreases reaction, increases expression	3
mercuric bromide	increases expression, affects cotreatment	2
4-(5-benzo(1,3)dioxol-5-yl-4-pyridin-2-yl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)benzamide	affects cotreatment, decreases expression, increases expression	2
Air Pollutants	increases oxidation, decreases expression, affects cotreatment, increases abundance	2
Phenylmercuric Acetate	affects cotreatment, increases expression	2
Smoke	decreases expression, increases abundance	2
Tobacco Smoke Pollution	affects expression, increases expression	2
7,8-Dihydro-7,8-dihydroxybenzo(a)pyrene 9,10-oxide	decreases expression	2
Cyclosporine	increases expression	2
aristolochic acid I	decreases expression	1
FR900359	increases phosphorylation	1
TL8-506	affects cotreatment, increases expression	1
thymoquinone	increases expression, increases reaction	1
beauvericin	decreases expression	1
triphenyl phosphate	affects expression	1
alpha-pinene	affects cotreatment, increases oxidation, increases abundance	1
bisphenol A	decreases expression	1
trichostatin A	increases expression	1
nimesulide	increases expression	1
tetrahydropalmatine	decreases expression	1
tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl)phosphate	increases expression	1
cobaltous chloride	increases expression	1
perfluorooctanoic acid	increases expression	1
sulindac sulfide	increases expression	1
potassium chromate(VI)	decreases expression	1
2,3-bis(3’-hydroxybenzyl)butyrolactone	affects cotreatment, decreases expression	1

Clinical trials (associated diseases)

0 trials via MONDO — disease-level, not drug-specific.