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PDK3

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Summary

PDK3 (pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 3, HGNC:8811) is a protein-coding gene on chromosome Xp22.11, encoding [Pyruvate dehydrogenase (acetyl-transferring)] kinase isozyme 3, mitochondrial (Q15120). Inhibits pyruvate dehydrogenase activity by phosphorylation of the E1 subunit PDHA1, and thereby regulates glucose metabolism and aerobic respiration.

The pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) complex is a nuclear-encoded mitochondrial multienzyme complex that catalyzes the overall conversion of pyruvate to acetyl-CoA and CO(2). It provides the primary link between glycolysis and the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, and thus is one of the major enzymes responsible for the regulation of glucose metabolism. The enzymatic activity of PDH is regulated by a phosphorylation/dephosphorylation cycle, and phosphorylation results in inactivation of PDH. The protein encoded by this gene is one of the three pyruvate dehydrogenase kinases that inhibits the PDH complex by phosphorylation of the E1 alpha subunit. This gene is predominantly expressed in the heart and skeletal muscles. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene.

Source: NCBI Gene 5165 — RefSeq curated summary.

At a glance

  • Gene–disease (curated): Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease X-linked dominant 6 (Definitive, ClinGen)
  • GWAS associations: 3
  • Clinical variants (ClinVar): 314 total (top 10% of genes corpus-wide)
  • GTEx eGene: eQTL in 29 tissues, sQTL in 2 (q < 0.05)
  • Phenotypes (HPO): 27
  • Drug target: yes — 1 via a complex or family
  • MANE Select transcript: NM_005391

Identifiers

Gene identifiers

FieldValue
HGNC IDHGNC:8811
Approved symbolPDK3
Namepyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 3
LocationXp22.11
Locus typegene with protein product
StatusApproved
Ensembl geneENSG00000067992
Ensembl biotypeprotein_coding
OMIM300906
Entrez5165

Gene structure

Transcript identifiers

Ensembl transcripts: 17 — 10 protein_coding, 4 nonsense_mediated_decay, 3 retained_intron

MANE Select: ENST00000379162

Transcript support level (Ensembl TSL; 1 = fully mRNA-supported): TSL 1: 1, TSL 5: 1

ENST00000379162, ENST00000493226, ENST00000568479, ENST00000648777, ENST00000688031, ENST00000688551, ENST00000862654, ENST00000930024, ENST00000995662, ENST00000995663, ENST00000995664, ENST00000995665, ENST00001033854, ENST00001079582, ENST00001114663, ENST00001122198, ENST00001136447

RefSeq mRNA: 2 — MANE Select: NM_005391 NM_001142386, NM_005391

CCDS: CCDS14212, CCDS48088

Canonical transcript exons

ENST00000379162 — 11 exons

ExonStartEnd
ENSE000003709082452757424527675
ENSE000003709102453165724531770
ENSE000006671422449882924498900
ENSE000006671432450332724503511
ENSE000006671442450520924505298
ENSE000006671462452619824526274
ENSE000006671762452807624528186
ENSE000008632212449474224494883
ENSE000012592542451893324519010
ENSE000018574282453392924534422
ENSE000038446162446528624465561

Expression profiles

Bgee: expression breadth ubiquitous, 269 present calls, max score 98.76.

FANTOM5 (CAGE): breadth ubiquitous, TPM avg 22.5172 / max 504.7009, expressed in 1717 samples.

Highest expression (Bgee): middle temporal gyrus, Brodmann (1909) area 23, corpus epididymis, saphenous vein, lateral nuclear group of thalamus.

Genetic regulation across tissues (GTEx eQTL / sQTL)

PDK3 is an eGene in GTEx v10 — its expression is genetically regulated (eQTL) in 29 tissues and its splicing (sQTL) in 2 (q < 0.05). Strongest associations first; slope = normalized effect of the lead variant’s alternative allele.

showing 20 of 31 significant tissue × QTL associations:

TissueQTLq-valueSlopeLead variant
Cells Cultured fibroblastseqtl6.9e-23+0.29X:24532244:C:T
Artery Tibialeqtl1.5e-21-0.11X:24565676:G:A
Muscle Skeletaleqtl6.2e-20+0.23X:24464841:C:T
Cells EBV-transformed lymphocyteseqtl1.8e-19+0.32X:24532244:C:T
Testiseqtl5.1e-18-0.17X:24429038:T:G
Livereqtl8.5e-14-0.33X:24465826:G:C
Whole Bloodeqtl6.6e-08+0.27X:24466011:GGTGTTGCT:G
Adipose Subcutaneouseqtl2.8e-06+0.12X:24485522:G:A
Brain Cerebellumeqtl4.5e-06+0.24X:24493349:GA:G
Esophagus Musculariseqtl1.6e-05+0.63X:24367625:C:A
Brain Frontal Cortex BA9eqtl2.4e-05+0.16X:24389054:C:T
Nerve Tibialeqtl3.5e-05+0.11X:24537750:G:A
Esophagus Mucosaeqtl4.0e-05-0.12X:24391394:A:G
Heart Left Ventricleeqtl8.2e-05+0.13X:24490487:A:G
Testissqtl9.7e-05-0.29X:24465826:G:C
Prostateeqtl1.3e-04+0.19X:24476473:C:T
Brain Cortexeqtl2.7e-04+0.09X:24497505:T:C
Ovaryeqtl5.6e-04-0.54X:24434204:G:A
Brain Nucleus accumbens basal gangliaeqtl6.1e-04+0.10X:24465826:G:C
Colon Sigmoideqtl1.5e-03-0.08X:24560686:C:T

FANTOM5 promoters

1 alternative TSS:

Promoter IDTPM avgSamples expressed
19579822.51721717

Top tissues by expression

showing 100 of 288 tissues by Bgee expression score (0-100, higher = more expressed):

TissueAnatomy IDExpression scoreQuality
middle temporal gyrusUBERON:000277198.76gold quality
Brodmann (1909) area 23UBERON:001355498.69gold quality
corpus epididymisUBERON:000435998.07gold quality
saphenous veinUBERON:000731897.33gold quality
lateral nuclear group of thalamusUBERON:000273697.11gold quality
upper leg skinUBERON:000426297.04gold quality
caput epididymisUBERON:000435896.88gold quality
jejunal mucosaUBERON:000039996.73gold quality
endothelial cellCL:000011596.59gold quality
parotid glandUBERON:000183196.33gold quality
tibiaUBERON:000097995.66gold quality
skin of hipUBERON:000155495.59gold quality
parietal lobeUBERON:000187295.41gold quality
postcentral gyrusUBERON:000258195.33gold quality
ponsUBERON:000098895.07gold quality
visceral pleuraUBERON:000240195.01gold quality
superficial temporal arteryUBERON:000161494.37gold quality
entorhinal cortexUBERON:000272894.36gold quality
renal medullaUBERON:000036294.25gold quality
dorsal root ganglionUBERON:000004494.07gold quality
gingival epitheliumUBERON:000194993.85gold quality
mammary ductUBERON:000176593.81gold quality
trigeminal ganglionUBERON:000167593.77gold quality
germinal epithelium of ovaryUBERON:000130493.67gold quality
vena cavaUBERON:000408793.47gold quality
pleuraUBERON:000097793.41gold quality
parietal pleuraUBERON:000240093.38gold quality
trabecular bone tissueUBERON:000248393.35gold quality
gingivaUBERON:000182893.23gold quality
cauda epididymisUBERON:000436093.03gold quality
synovial jointUBERON:000221792.70gold quality
superior frontal gyrusUBERON:000266192.68gold quality
superior vestibular nucleusUBERON:000722792.42gold quality
palpebral conjunctivaUBERON:000181292.38gold quality
spermCL:000001992.34gold quality
tendon of biceps brachiiUBERON:000818892.29gold quality
epithelium of nasopharynxUBERON:000195192.10gold quality
popliteal arteryUBERON:000225092.02gold quality
tibial arteryUBERON:000761092.00gold quality
urethraUBERON:000005791.99gold quality
epithelium of mammary glandUBERON:000324491.66gold quality
substantia nigra pars compactaUBERON:000196591.60gold quality
lateral globus pallidusUBERON:000247691.10gold quality
nippleUBERON:000203090.95gold quality
cardia of stomachUBERON:000116290.90gold quality
jejunumUBERON:000211590.69gold quality
aortaUBERON:000094790.36gold quality
pigmented layer of retinaUBERON:000178289.96gold quality
male germ cellCL:000001589.93gold quality
substantia nigra pars reticulataUBERON:000196689.93gold quality
pericardiumUBERON:000240789.86gold quality
superior surface of tongueUBERON:000737189.85gold quality
cartilage tissueUBERON:000241889.84gold quality
pylorusUBERON:000116689.78gold quality
descending thoracic aortaUBERON:000234589.73gold quality
colonic mucosaUBERON:000031789.36gold quality
ventral tegmental areaUBERON:000269189.25gold quality
mucosa of sigmoid colonUBERON:000499389.25gold quality
ileal mucosaUBERON:000033188.90gold quality
mammalian vulvaUBERON:000099788.79gold quality
mammary glandUBERON:000191188.60gold quality
thoracic mammary glandUBERON:000520088.49gold quality
adult organismUBERON:000702388.42gold quality
seminal vesicleUBERON:000099888.41gold quality
calcaneal tendonUBERON:000370188.41gold quality
bloodUBERON:000017888.18gold quality
dorsal plus ventral thalamusUBERON:000189788.16gold quality
thoracic aortaUBERON:000151588.05gold quality
tendonUBERON:000004388.00gold quality
oral cavityUBERON:000016787.82gold quality
ascending aortaUBERON:000149687.76gold quality
subthalamic nucleusUBERON:000190687.76gold quality
inferior vagus X ganglionUBERON:000536387.63gold quality
penisUBERON:000098987.13gold quality
occipital lobeUBERON:000202187.07gold quality
duodenumUBERON:000211486.93gold quality
tracheaUBERON:000312686.65gold quality
primary visual cortexUBERON:000243686.40gold quality
esophagus squamous epitheliumUBERON:000692086.36gold quality
coronary arteryUBERON:000162186.21gold quality
right coronary arteryUBERON:000162586.05gold quality
tonsilUBERON:000237285.73gold quality
left coronary arteryUBERON:000162685.69gold quality
male germ line stem cell (sensu Vertebrata) in testisCL:0000089 ∩ UBERON:000047385.31gold quality
islet of LangerhansUBERON:000000685.21gold quality
bronchial epithelial cellCL:000232885.06gold quality
bone marrowUBERON:000237184.90gold quality
colonic epitheliumUBERON:000039784.88gold quality
tongueUBERON:000172384.80gold quality
mucosa of paranasal sinusUBERON:000503083.97gold quality
pharyngeal mucosaUBERON:000035583.94gold quality
medulla oblongataUBERON:000189683.86gold quality
monocyteCL:000057683.72gold quality
mononuclear cellCL:000084283.60gold quality
mucosa of stomachUBERON:000119983.58gold quality
leukocyteCL:000073883.50gold quality
body of tongueUBERON:001187683.35silver quality
heart right ventricleUBERON:000208083.09gold quality
lower lobe of lungUBERON:000894982.73gold quality
sigmoid colonUBERON:000115982.36gold quality

Single-cell (SCXA)

Detected in 5 experiment(s), a significant marker in 4.

ExperimentMarker?Max mean expression
E-GEOD-81547yes27.06
E-MTAB-5061yes26.61
E-GEOD-83139yes9.07
E-MTAB-6379no750.83
E-ANND-3no0.00

HPA expression

RNA tissue specificity: Tissue enhanced

showing 60 of 77 HPA tissues / cells by nTPM:

Tissue / cellAxisnTPMProtein (IHC)
Caudate putamentissue39.0
Cerebral cortextissue36.5medium
Occipital cortextissue36.5
Somatosensory cortextissue36.2
Postcentral gyrustissue31.8
Hippocampal formationtissue30.0
Entorhinal cortextissue30.0
Hippocampustissue29.9medium
Olfactory bulbtissue29.1
Superior colliculitissue27.9
Temporal cortextissue27.6
Frontal cortextissue27.5
Prefrontal cortextissue26.1
Retrosplenial and cingulate cortextissue26.0
Putamentissue25.9
Motor cortextissue25.5
Thalamustissue25.4
Spinal cordtissue25.2
Retrosplenial cortextissue24.4
Ponstissue24.1
Insular cortextissue24.0
Midbraintissue23.6
Basal gangliatissue22.3low
Choroid plexustissue20.8
Medulla oblongatatissue20.3
Locus coeruleustissue20.3
Ventral forebraintissue20.3
Cerebellumtissue20.1not detected
Amygdalatissue19.8
Hypothalamustissue19.5
Substantia nigratissue19.0
Septumtissue19.0
Periaqueductal graytissue18.9
Nucleus accumbenstissue16.7
Corpus callosumtissue10.6
Salivary glandtissue10.3not detected
Epididymistissue10.1low
Testistissue9.0low
Breasttissue8.1low
Kidneytissue8.1low
Bone marrowtissue7.9low
Small intestinetissue7.7low
Duodenumtissue7.6medium
Tonsiltissue7.4medium
Lymph nodetissue7.2not detected
Stomach 1tissue6.4low
Parathyroid glandtissue6.2not detected
Spleentissue6.2not detected
Heart muscletissue5.8not detected
Thymustissue5.7
Retinatissue5.4
Colontissue5.2not detected
Appendixtissue5.2low
Rectumtissue4.8low
Pituitary glandtissue4.6
Lungtissue4.3medium
Livertissue4.3medium
Prostatetissue4.2medium
Smooth muscletissue4.1not detected
Urinary bladdertissue3.8not detected

Brain sub-regions (HPA Brain Atlas): detected in 190; highest nTPM — Hippocampus, CA1 (43.0), Habenula (35.2), Hippocampus, CA2 (34.5), Blood vessel (33.6), Dentate gyrus (32.4).

Regulation

Is transcription factor: no

Upstream regulators (CollecTRI, top): HIF1A, PPARA

miRNA regulators (miRDB)

Targeting PDK3 by miRDB confidence (max_score; target_count = how many genes the miRNA targets in total — lower means more specific).

23 miRNAs:

miRNAMax scoreAvg scoremiRNA target_count
HSA-MIR-432-3P100.0067.86705
HSA-MIR-3163100.0077.238605
HSA-MIR-5692A100.0074.406850
HSA-MIR-3667-3P99.9967.171636
HSA-MIR-103A-3P99.9869.141595
HSA-MIR-10799.9869.141595
HSA-MIR-3140-3P99.8868.472069
HSA-MIR-30A-3P99.8769.742928
HSA-MIR-30D-3P99.8769.922917
HSA-MIR-30E-3P99.8769.682942
HSA-MIR-7856-5P99.7569.992901
HSA-MIR-5004-5P99.6866.631294
HSA-MIR-4753-5P99.5468.511356
HSA-MIR-1224-5P99.4865.59803
HSA-MIR-132499.4666.571302
HSA-MIR-6505-3P99.3467.391071
HSA-MIR-892C-5P99.1670.562116
HSA-MIR-392698.9569.261438
HSA-MIR-29B-1-5P98.8668.351364
HSA-MIR-302F98.4469.021776
HSA-MIR-654-3P98.3867.61905
HSA-MIR-2355-3P96.8468.54909
HSA-MIR-4714-3P96.5367.44452

Functional genomics

Regional missense constraint (gnomAD RMC): no regional variation along ENST00000379162 — one region, missense o/e 0.59.

Literature-anchored findings (GeneRIF, showing 18)

  • mRNA levels not changed in skeletal muscle during fasting (PMID:14966024)
  • analysis of residues in L2 and residues in the C-terminal region and the lipoyl-binding pocket of PDK3 which are critical determinants for the cross-talk between L2 and PDK3, which up-regulates PDK3 activity (PMID:16849321)
  • crystal structure of the asymmetric PDHK3/lipoyl domain 2 complex; data suggest that the asymmetric complex represents a physiological state in which binding of a single L2-domain activates one of the PDHK protomers while inactivating another (PMID:17532006)
  • PDK2, PDK3 and PDK4 are primary PPARbeta/delta target genes in humans underlining the importance of the receptor in the control of metabolism (PMID:17669420)
  • Distinct structural mechanisms for inhibition of PDK3 by AZD7545, dichloroacetate, and radicol. (PMID:17683942)
  • increased PDK3 expression due to elevated HIF-1alpha in cancer cells may play critical roles in metabolic switch during cancer progression and chemoresistance in cancer therapy (PMID:18718909)
  • Findings suggest the HIF-1/PDK3 bioenergetic pathway as a new target for therapeutic intervention in metastatic melanoma. (PMID:22865452)
  • Reduced pyruvate flux due to R158H mutant PDK3-mediated hyper-phosphorylation of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex is the underlying pathogenic cause of peripheral neuropathy in X-linked dominant Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease. (PMID:23297365)
  • Accordingly, elevated levels of PDK1, PDK3, and PKM2 and reduced PK activity could be observed in iPSCs and human embryonic stem cells in the undifferentiated state (PMID:24123565)
  • We have identified a p.R158H PDK3 mutation in a Korean X-linked dominant Charcot-Marie-Tooth type 6 family (PMID:26801680)
  • The pyruvate dehydrogenase kinases (PDKs) PDK1 and PDK3 are direct targets of KDM4A and E2F1 and modulate the switch between glycolytic metabolism and mitochondrial oxidation. (PMID:27626669)
  • Overexpression of PDK2 and PDK3 reflects poor prognosis in acute myeloid leukemia. (PMID:30578412)
  • PDK3 forms a positive feedback loop with HSF1 to drive glycolysis in chemoresistance. (PMID:31244938)
  • miR-497-5p inhibits gastric cancer cell proliferation and growth through targeting PDK3. (PMID:31409724)
  • Effect of pH on the structure and function of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 3: Combined spectroscopic and MD simulation studies. (PMID:31982536)
  • Energy metabolism and mitochondrial defects in X-linked Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMTX6) iPSC-derived motor neurons with the p.R158H PDK3 mutation. (PMID:32504000)
  • Charcot-Marie-tooth disease causing mutation (p.R158H) in pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 3 (PDK3) affects synaptic transmission, ATP production and causes neurodegeneration in a CMTX6 C. elegans model. (PMID:34387338)
  • Unveiling the clinical and electrophysiological profile of CMTX6: Insights from two Brazilian families. (PMID:37849068)

Cross-species orthologs

6 orthologs

OrganismSymbolGene ID
danio_reriopdk3aENSDARG00000014527
danio_reriopdk3bENSDARG00000099791
mus_musculusPdk3ENSMUSG00000035232
rattus_norvegicusPdk3ENSRNOG00000012513
drosophila_melanogasterPdkFBGN0017558
caenorhabditis_elegansWBGENE00022719

Paralogs (4): PDK4 (ENSG00000004799), PDK2 (ENSG00000005882), BCKDK (ENSG00000103507), PDK1 (ENSG00000152256)

Additional cross-species homologs

Sequence homologs in species beyond Ensembl Compara’s model organisms, by Diamond local protein alignment (% sequence identity; best hit per species). Lower-identity rows are more distant homologs. The matched accessions’ gene symbols aren’t in biobtree yet, so each row shows the UniProt accession.

OrganismUniProtIdentityMethod
Staphylococcus epidermidis RP62AQ5HK19100.0%Diamond
Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC 12228Q8CU87100.0%Diamond
Rhinolophus ferrumequinumQ1KMR493.6%Diamond
Staphylococcus haemolyticus JCSC1435Q4LAJ893.2%Diamond
Ictidomys tridecemlineatusO8834592.2%Diamond
Ascaris suumO0262378.8%Diamond
Arabidopsis thalianaQ9SBJ141.8%Diamond
Schizosaccharomyces pombe 972h-Q9P6P938.2%Diamond

Genomic neighbors (locus context)

Genes flanking this one on the chromosome (NCBI/Entrez gene neighborhood). Positional context only — some neighbors share regulatory elements (bidirectional promoters, antisense/overlapping transcripts), but chromosomal adjacency is not itself a functional relationship (see Interactions for that).

SymbolTypeEntrez
ZFX-AS1ncRNA100873922
SUPT20HL2protein-coding170067
ZFXprotein-coding7543
PCYT1Bprotein-coding9468
SUPT20HL1protein-coding100130302
PCYT1B-AS1ncRNA100874088
POLA1protein-coding5422
SCARNA23ncRNA677773

Protein

Protein identifiers

[Pyruvate dehydrogenase (acetyl-transferring)] kinase isozyme 3, mitochondrial — Q15120 (reviewed: Q15120)

Alternative names: Pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase isoform 3

All UniProt accessions (1): Q15120

UniProt curated annotations — full annotation on UniProt →

Function. Inhibits pyruvate dehydrogenase activity by phosphorylation of the E1 subunit PDHA1, and thereby regulates glucose metabolism and aerobic respiration. Can also phosphorylate PDHA2. Decreases glucose utilization and increases fat metabolism in response to prolonged fasting, and as adaptation to a high-fat diet. Plays a role in glucose homeostasis and in maintaining normal blood glucose levels in function of nutrient levels and under starvation. Plays a role in the generation of reactive oxygen species.

Subunit / interactions. Homodimer. Interacts with the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex subunit DLAT, and is part of the multimeric pyruvate dehydrogenase complex that contains multiple copies of pyruvate dehydrogenase (E1), dihydrolipoamide acetyltransferase (DLAT, E2) and lipoamide dehydrogenase (DLD, E3).

Subcellular location. Mitochondrion matrix.

Tissue specificity. Expressed in heart, skeletal muscle, spinal cord, as well as fetal and adult brain.

Disease relevance. Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, X-linked dominant, 6 (CMTX6) [MIM:300905] A form of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, a disorder of the peripheral nervous system, characterized by progressive weakness and atrophy, initially of the peroneal muscles and later of the distal muscles of the arms. Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease is classified in two main groups on the basis of electrophysiologic properties and histopathology: primary peripheral demyelinating neuropathies characterized by severely reduced motor nerve conduction velocities (NCVs) (less than 38m/s) and segmental demyelination and remyelination, and primary peripheral axonal neuropathies characterized by normal or mildly reduced NCVs and chronic axonal degeneration and regeneration on nerve biopsy. The disease is caused by variants affecting the gene represented in this entry.

Activity regulation. Activated by interaction with DLAT. Inhibited by AZD7545, dichloroacetate and radicicol.

Induction. Up-regulated in response to hypoxia. Up-regulated in response to fatty acids. Up-regulated by PPARD.

Similarity. Belongs to the PDK/BCKDK protein kinase family.

Isoforms (2)

UniProt IDNamesCanonical?
Q15120-11yes
Q15120-22

RefSeq proteins (2): NP_001135858, NP_005382* (*=MANE)

Domains & families (InterPro)

IDNameType
IPR003594HATPase_domDomain
IPR005467His_kinase_domDomain
IPR018955BCDHK/PDK_NDomain
IPR036784AK/P_DHK_N_sfHomologous_superfamily
IPR036890HATPase_C_sfHomologous_superfamily
IPR039028BCKD/PDKFamily

Pfam: PF02518, PF10436

Enzyme classification (BRENDA)

  • EC 2.7.11.2 — [pyruvate dehydrogenase (acetyl-transferring)] kinase (BRENDA: 19 organisms, 106 substrates, 260 inhibitors, 52 Km, 22 kcat entries)

Substrate kinetics (BRENDA)

5 substrates with measured Km, best-characterized 5. Km ranges are aggregated across organisms/conditions.

SubstrateKm (mM)Measurements
ATP0.006–1.526
PYRUVATE DEHYDROGENASE0.05–3.57
[PYRUVATE DEHYDROGENASE (ACETYL-TRANSFERRING)]0.0006–0.026
MG2+0.025
[PYRUVATE DEHYDROGENASE (LIPOAMIDE)]—0

Catalyzed reactions (Rhea)

  • L-seryl-[pyruvate dehydrogenase E1 alpha subunit] + ATP = O-phospho-L-seryl-[pyruvate dehydrogenase E1 alpha subunit] + ADP + H(+) (RHEA:23052)

UniProt features (51 total): helix 21, strand 11, sequence variant 4, binding site 4, mutagenesis site 2, turn 2, transit peptide 1, chain 1, splice variant 1, domain 1, region of interest 1, compositionally biased region 1, modified residue 1

Structure

Experimental structures (PDB)

5 structures by resolution:

PDBTitleMethodResolution (Å)
1Y8OCrystal structure of the PDK3-L2 complexX-RAY DIFFRACTION2.48
2PNRCrystal Structure of the asymmetric Pdk3-l2 ComplexX-RAY DIFFRACTION2.5
1Y8NCrystal structure of the PDK3-L2 complexX-RAY DIFFRACTION2.6
2Q8IPyruvate dehydrogenase kinase isoform 3 in complex with antitumor drug radicicolX-RAY DIFFRACTION2.6
1Y8PCrystal structure of the PDK3-L2 complexX-RAY DIFFRACTION2.63

Predicted structure (AlphaFold)

ModelpLDDTFraction very-high
AF-Q15120-F191.320.81

Human Protein Atlas

Protein class: Enzymes, ENZYME proteins, Transferases, Kinases, Atypical kinases, Metabolic proteins, Predicted intracellular proteins, Disease related genes, Potential drug targets, Human disease related genes

Protein evidence: Evidence at protein level

Subcellular location (HPA, imaging): mitochondria; nucleoli

Antibody reliability (HPA): IH approved · IF supported

Functional residue map

Curated UniProt residues grouped by drug-discovery relevance — catalytic, ligand-binding, modification, and mutation-validated positions. Source: UniProtKB sequence features.

Ligand- & substrate-binding residues (4)

PositionRole
247–254ATP
287ATP
306–307ATP
323–328ATP

Post-translational modifications (1)

TypePositions
N6-succinyllysine278

Mutagenesis-validated functional residues (2)

PositionPhenotype
120no effect on kinase activity; when associated with n-121.
121no effect on kinase activity; when associated with h-120.

Function

Pathways and Gene Ontology

Reactome pathways

2 curated (TAS) of 8; 0 disease pathways. Curated-first; evidence = TAS (manually curated) vs IEA (electronic inference).

8 pathways:

IDPathwayEvidence
R-HSA-204174Regulation of pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) complexcurated
R-HSA-5362517Signaling by Retinoic Acidcurated
R-HSA-1428517Aerobic respiration and respiratory electron transport—
R-HSA-1430728Metabolism—
R-HSA-70268Pyruvate metabolism—
R-HSA-9861718Regulation of pyruvate metabolism—
R-HSA-162582Signal Transduction—
R-HSA-9006931Signaling by Nuclear Receptors—

MSigDB gene sets: 359 (showing top): GSE45365_NK_CELL_VS_CD8A_DC_UP, SWEET_KRAS_ONCOGENIC_SIGNATURE, GOBP_CELLULAR_RESPONSE_TO_LIPID, CHUNG_BLISTER_CYTOTOXICITY_DN, MORF_BRCA1, GOBP_PEPTIDYL_SERINE_MODIFICATION, GOZGIT_ESR1_TARGETS_DN, GOBP_ORGANOPHOSPHATE_METABOLIC_PROCESS, GOBP_NUCLEOSIDE_PHOSPHATE_BIOSYNTHETIC_PROCESS, GOBP_MONOCARBOXYLIC_ACID_METABOLIC_PROCESS, GOBP_ACETYL_COA_METABOLIC_PROCESS, GGGTGGRR_PAX4_03, GOBP_CELLULAR_RESPONSE_TO_OXYGEN_CONTAINING_COMPOUND, GOBP_KETONE_METABOLIC_PROCESS, GOBP_ORGANOPHOSPHATE_BIOSYNTHETIC_PROCESS

GO Biological Process (9): regulation of pyruvate decarboxylation to acetyl-CoA (GO:0010510), regulation of glucose metabolic process (GO:0010906), peptidyl-serine phosphorylation (GO:0018105), peroxisome proliferator activated receptor signaling pathway (GO:0035357), cellular response to glucose stimulus (GO:0071333), cellular response to fatty acid (GO:0071398), hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha signaling pathway (GO:0097411), regulation of reactive oxygen species metabolic process (GO:2000377), cellular response to stress (GO:0033554)

GO Molecular Function (8): protein kinase activity (GO:0004672), protein serine/threonine kinase activity (GO:0004674), pyruvate dehydrogenase (acetyl-transferring) kinase activity (GO:0004740), ATP binding (GO:0005524), nucleotide binding (GO:0000166), protein binding (GO:0005515), kinase activity (GO:0016301), transferase activity (GO:0016740)

GO Cellular Component (2): mitochondrion (GO:0005739), mitochondrial matrix (GO:0005759)

Reactome top-level categories

6 top-level categories:

CategoryPathways
Regulation of pyruvate metabolism1
Signaling by Nuclear Receptors1
Metabolism1
Aerobic respiration and respiratory electron transport1
Signal Transduction1
Pyruvate metabolism1

GO top-level categories

36 GO namespaces:

CategoryTerms
pyruvate decarboxylation to acetyl-CoA1
regulation of acyl-CoA biosynthetic process1
glucose metabolic process1
regulation of carbohydrate metabolic process1
regulation of small molecule metabolic process1
protein phosphorylation1
nuclear receptor-mediated signaling pathway1
intracellular glucose homeostasis1
response to glucose1
cellular response to hexose stimulus1
response to fatty acid1
cellular response to lipid1
cellular response to oxygen-containing compound1
intracellular signal transduction1
cellular response to hypoxia1
regulation of metabolic process1
reactive oxygen species metabolic process1
response to stress1
cellular response to stimulus1
kinase activity1
phosphotransferase activity, alcohol group as acceptor1
catalytic activity, acting on a protein1
protein kinase activity1
protein serine/threonine kinase activity1
adenyl ribonucleotide binding1
purine ribonucleoside triphosphate binding1
anion binding1
nucleoside phosphate binding1
heterocyclic compound binding1
binding1
transferase activity, transferring phosphorus-containing groups1
catalytic activity1
cytoplasm1
intracellular membrane-bounded organelle1
mitochondrion1
intracellular organelle lumen1

Experimentally-supported GO annotations

GO terms backed by direct experimental evidence (ECO experimental codes) — 12 of 19 annotations. The rest are phylogenetic / computational / electronic (IEA).

12 experimentally-supported GO terms:

GO termNSEvidence
cellular response to fatty acidBPmutant phenotype
hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha signaling pathwayBPmutant phenotype
peptidyl-serine phosphorylationBPdirect assay
peroxisome proliferator activated receptor signaling pathwayBPmutant phenotype
regulation of glucose metabolic processBPmutant phenotype
regulation of pyruvate decarboxylation to acetyl-CoABPmutant phenotype
regulation of reactive oxygen species metabolic processBPmutant phenotype
mitochondrionCCdirect assay
ATP bindingMFdirect assay
protein kinase activityMFdirect assay
protein serine/threonine kinase activityMFdirect assay
pyruvate dehydrogenase (acetyl-transferring) kinase activityMFdirect assay

Protein interactions and networks

STRING

showing 15 of 1,690 interactions by confidence (×1000):

Protein AProtein BPartner UniProtScore
PDK3PDHA1P08559843
PDK3SMPXQ9UHP9837
PDK3ITGB1BP2Q9UKP3827
PDK3PDP2Q9P2J9687
PDK3DLDP09622605
PDK3PDHXO00330595
PDK3FOXO4P98177578
PDK3PDPRQ8NCN5554
PDK3HIF1AQ16665535
PDK3LDHAP00338532
PDK3PDP1Q9P0J1528
PDK3PDHBP11177501
PDK3DLATP10515477
PDK3PKMP14618473
PDK3SLC2A1P11166456

IntAct

Human interaction partners of PDK3 in IntAct, one row per partner (best MIscore; records = supporting IntAct interaction records).

5 partners by confidence:

PartnerInteraction typeMIscoreRecords
DLATdirect interaction0.6901
EGFRphysical association0.5502
PDHXassociation0.5301
ECDassociation0.3501
HSP90AA1association0.3501

BioGRID (182 interactions; top human partners by supporting records): PDK1 (Affinity Capture-MS; 5 records), PDK4 (Affinity Capture-MS; 4 records), ACAD9 (Affinity Capture-MS; 3 records), CECR5 (Affinity Capture-MS; 3 records), CLPP (Proximity Label-MS; 3 records), DLAT (Affinity Capture-MS; 3 records), DLD (Affinity Capture-MS; 3 records), HSPD1 (Affinity Capture-MS; 3 records), PDHA1 (Affinity Capture-MS; 3 records), PDHB (Affinity Capture-MS; 3 records), PDK2 (Affinity Capture-MS; 3 records), CCT2 (Affinity Capture-MS; 2 records), CCT3 (Affinity Capture-MS; 2 records), CCT4 (Affinity Capture-MS; 2 records), CCT5 (Affinity Capture-MS; 2 records)

SIGNOR signaling

showing 2 of 5 signaling interactions:

AEffectBMechanism
PDK3down-regulatesPDHA2phosphorylation
PDK3“down-regulates activity”PDHA1phosphorylation

Disease & clinical

Genetic variants

Variant evidence for PDK3: 314 ClinVar records (0 pathogenic / likely pathogenic); 3 GWAS associations.

ClinVar

314 variants total. Per-class counts are floors (≥ shown; pagination cap):

ClassificationCount (floor)
Pathogenic0
Likely pathogenic0
Uncertain significance111
Likely benign82
Benign39

SpliceAI

Top 10 splice-impact sites by Δscore (adjacent positions with the same effect merged into one range; 43 predictions of 922):

Position(s)EffectΔscoreSites
X:24465562–24465563donor_loss1.00005
X:24498827–24498828acceptor_loss1.00006
X:24498897donor_gain1.0000
X:24498901–24498902donor_loss1.00006
X:24498905donor_loss1.0000
X:24518931–24518932acceptor_loss1.00006
X:24519011–24519012donor_loss1.00004
X:24526275–24526276donor_loss1.00004
X:24527676–24527677donor_loss1.00005
X:24494884–24494885donor_loss0.99005

AlphaMissense

1,274 missense substitutions predicted likely pathogenic (of 2,661 scored), across 289 residues. Top 20 hotspot residues, ranked by the number of likely-pathogenic substitutions (of those reachable by a single-nucleotide change), then by mean score:

ResidueLikely-pathogenic substitutionsMean am_pathogenicityMax am_pathogenicity
M16390.8640.996
N25180.9960.999
D28780.9940.997
H11980.9840.995
F3580.9800.999
D38880.9790.994
F4880.9770.999
H16880.9760.994
F30180.9730.999
H24080.9690.997
F33880.9680.995
D15280.9650.997
D28080.9610.987
F15080.9600.998
F17280.9590.997
F15480.9440.998
F24680.9400.995
F10880.9270.996
F8880.8740.989
M12680.8510.998

HPA cancer prognostics

RNA cancer specificity: Low cancer specificity

Human Protein Atlas survival analysis — favorable = higher expression predicts better survival.

5 prognostic cancer types:

CancerPrognosticp-value
Kidney Renal Clear Cell Carcinoma (TCGA)favorable3.47e-06
Breast Invasive Carcinoma (TCGA)unfavorable2.69e-05
Kidney Chromophobe (TCGA)unfavorable8.49e-05
Lung Adenocarcinoma (validation)unfavorable0.000127
Liver Hepatocellular Carcinoma (TCGA)unfavorable0.00018

Disease associations

OMIM: gene MIM:300906 | disease phenotypes:

GenCC curated gene-disease

1 curated gene-disease records:

DiseaseClassificationInheritanceRecords
Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease X-linked dominant 6StrongX-linked4

ClinGen Gene-Disease Validity

Expert-panel classifications — Definitive > Strong > Moderate > Limited > Disputed > Refuted.

1 validity classifications:

DiseaseClassificationInheritance
Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease X-linked dominant 6DefinitiveXL

Genomics England panels (PanelApp)

Clinical diagnostic gene panels including this gene (7 panels, 6 green/diagnostic-grade). Confidence: green = diagnostic, amber = moderate.

7 panels:

PanelRating
Hereditary neuropathy or pain disordergreen
Hypotonic infantgreen
Leukodystrophy, childhood onsetgreen
Likely inborn error of metabolismgreen
Paediatric disordersgreen
Unexplained death in infancy and sudden unexplained death in childhoodgreen
Undiagnosed metabolic disordersamber

Mondo (1): Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease X-linked dominant 6 (MONDO:0010479)

HPO phenotypes

27 phenotypes (HPO-id order):

HPOTerm
HP:0000407Sensorineural hearing impairment
HP:0000762Decreased nerve conduction velocity
HP:0001270Motor delay
HP:0001288Gait disturbance
HP:0001423X-linked dominant inheritance
HP:0001761Pes cavus
HP:0002166Impaired vibration sensation in the lower limbs
HP:0002378Hand tremor
HP:0002936Distal sensory impairment
HP:0003236Elevated circulating creatine kinase activity
HP:0003376Steppage gait
HP:0003393Thenar muscle atrophy
HP:0003438Absent Achilles reflex
HP:0003482EMG: axonal abnormality
HP:0003596Middle age onset
HP:0003621Juvenile onset
HP:0003677Slowly progressive
HP:0006886Impaired distal vibration sensation
HP:0007141Sensorimotor neuropathy
HP:0007328Impaired pain sensation
HP:0007340Lower limb muscle weakness
HP:0008944Distal lower limb amyotrophy
HP:0008954Intrinsic hand muscle atrophy
HP:0009072Decreased Achilles reflex
HP:0009830Peripheral neuropathy
HP:0011463Childhood onset
HP:0030237Hand muscle weakness

GWAS associations

3 associations:

StudyTraitp-value
GCST010725_32Malaria8e-7
GCST010725_100Malaria7e-6
GCST010725_16Malaria8e-6

Drugs & pharmacology

Drug and pharmacology data

Is drug target: yes

ChEMBL targets (2): CHEMBL2096665 (PROTEIN FAMILY), CHEMBL3893 (SINGLE PROTEIN)

Drugs acting on a complex or family that includes this protein

Curated ChEMBL mechanism-of-action drugs whose target is a protein complex or family of ≤10 members that includes PDK3 — the drug acts on the assembly or class, not necessarily on this subunit alone.

1 drugs via a complex or family:

DrugTarget (ChEMBL)MembersMax phase
SODIUM DICHLOROACETATEPyruvate dehydrogenase kinase43

PharmGKB: 1 entry (CPIC guideline: no)

GtoPdb / IUPHAR curated pharmacology

(IUPHAR/BPS Guide to Pharmacology — expert-curated)

Target class: enzyme — PDHK family

Most potent curated ligand interactions (1 total), top 1:

LigandActionAffinityParameter
VER-246608Inhibition7.4pIC50

Binding affinities (BindingDB)

157 measured of 164 human assays (166 total across all organisms); most potent 50 below. Values come from heterogeneous assays and are not directly comparable.

LigandMeasureValuePatent
CHEMBL73068IC507.1 nM
CHEMBL74582IC508 nM
CHEMBL73204IC508.4 nM
CHEMBL6188959IC509 nM
CHEMBL75821IC5010 nM
CHEMBL73099IC5013 nM
CHEMBL4519504IC5014 nM
CHEMBL307687IC5015 nM
2-cyano-N-[(3R)-1-[3-ethyl-7-(ethylamino)-5-fluoro-2-oxo-indolin-3-yl]-3-piperidyl]-2-azaspiro[3.3]heptane-6-carboxamideIC5015 nMUS-20240140933: OXOINDOLINE COMPOUND FOR THE TREATMENT OF INFLAMMATORY DISEASES OR CANCER
4-[1-(2-hydroxyethyl)pyrazol-4-yl]-2-methyl-9-(trifluoromethyl)fluoren-9-olIC5016 nMUS-8871934: Fluorene compound and pharmaceutical use thereof
CHEMBL75507IC5016 nM
CHEMBL450618IC5016 nM
CHEMBL306972IC5019 nM
CHEMBL72298IC5020 nM
CHEMBL308151IC5020 nM
CHEMBL4558837IC5020 nM
CHEMBL84231IC5021 nM
CHEMBL72567IC5023 nM
CHEMBL4092859IC5024 nM
CHEMBL4452536IC5024 nM
CHEMBL4587341IC5024 nM
CHEMBL4099635IC5026 nM
CHEMBL6192657IC5028 nM
CHEMBL306835IC5029 nM
CHEMBL73551IC5032 nM
CHEMBL72021IC5034 nM
CHEMBL72204IC5035 nM
CHEMBL4551410IC5042 nM
CHEMBL73100IC5047 nM
CHEMBL4513465IC5057 nM
CHEMBL74399IC5061 nM
CHEMBL316388IC5066 nM
CHEMBL415267IC5066 nM
CHEMBL73048IC5070 nM
CHEMBL306522IC5073 nM
CHEMBL93805IC5077 nM
CHEMBL306281IC5077 nM
CHEMBL70898IC5077 nM
CHEMBL82385IC5082 nM
CHEMBL76189IC5087 nM
CHEMBL70916IC5098 nM
CHEMBL5563199IC50109 nM
CHEMBL94231IC50110 nM
CHEMBL303468IC50110 nM
CHEMBL308156IC50110 nM
CHEMBL75001IC50113 nM
CHEMBL74949IC50115 nM
CHEMBL433391IC50120 nM
CHEMBL421116IC50126 nM
CHEMBL73191IC50130 nM

ChEMBL bioactivities

471 potent at pChembl≥5 of 496 total, top 50 by pChembl (potency: 10 = 0.1 nM, 6 = 1 µM).

pChemblTypeValueUnitMolecule
8.30IC505nMCHEMBL4519504
8.15IC507.1nMCHEMBL73068
8.10IC508nMCHEMBL74582
8.08IC508.4nMCHEMBL73204
8.00IC5010nMCHEMBL3718383
8.00IC5010nMCHEMBL3719344
8.00IC5010nMCHEMBL3717579
8.00IC5010nMCHEMBL3716924
8.00IC5010nMCHEMBL3716176
8.00IC5010nMCHEMBL3719004
8.00IC5010nMCHEMBL3715313
8.00IC5010nMCHEMBL3716404
8.00IC5010nMCHEMBL3719305
8.00IC5010nMCHEMBL3717052
8.00IC5010nMCHEMBL3715598
8.00IC5010nMCHEMBL3714928
8.00IC5010nMCHEMBL3717436
8.00IC5010nMCHEMBL3717459
8.00IC5010nMCHEMBL3717764
8.00IC5010nMCHEMBL3718319
8.00IC5010nMCHEMBL3717613
8.00IC5010nMCHEMBL3715330
8.00IC5010nMCHEMBL3715072
8.00IC5010nMCHEMBL3717025
8.00IC5010nMCHEMBL3715512
8.00IC5010nMCHEMBL3716740
8.00IC5010nMCHEMBL3715842
8.00IC5010nMCHEMBL3715757
8.00IC5010nMCHEMBL3717836
8.00IC5010nMCHEMBL3715049
8.00IC5010nMCHEMBL3715972
8.00IC5010nMCHEMBL3715771
8.00IC5010nMCHEMBL3716746
8.00IC5010nMCHEMBL3717827
8.00IC5010nMCHEMBL3717940
8.00IC5010nMCHEMBL3714889
8.00IC5010nMCHEMBL3717799
8.00IC5010nMCHEMBL3719348
8.00IC5010nMCHEMBL3715964
8.00IC5010nMCHEMBL3719035
8.00IC5010nMCHEMBL3719333
8.00IC5010nMCHEMBL3715044
8.00IC5010nMCHEMBL3719351
8.00IC5010nMCHEMBL3714823
8.00IC5010nMCHEMBL3716865
8.00IC5010nMCHEMBL3715674
8.00IC5010nMCHEMBL3717530
8.00IC5010nMCHEMBL75821
7.89IC5013nMCHEMBL73099
7.82IC5015nMCHEMBL307687

PubChem BioAssay actives

141 with measured affinity, of 270 total; 50 most potent distinct compounds. Largely complementary to BindingDB; screening values are coarse (µM, 4 dp), so sub-nM hits tie at the floor.

CompoundAssayTypeValueUnit
N-[4-(dimethylcarbamoyl)phenyl]-2,4-dihydroxy-N-[(5-iodofuran-2-yl)methyl]benzamide1604075: Inhibition of PDHK3 (unknown origin) by radiometric biochemical kinase assayic500.0050uM
(2R)-N-[2-chloro-4-(cyclopropylmethylsulfamoyl)phenyl]-3,3,3-trifluoro-2-hydroxy-2-methylpropanamide162971: Inhibition of porcine pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase (PDHK)in a primary enzymatic assayic500.0071uM
(2R)-N-[2-chloro-4-(prop-2-enylsulfamoyl)phenyl]-3,3,3-trifluoro-2-hydroxy-2-methylpropanamide162971: Inhibition of porcine pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase (PDHK)in a primary enzymatic assayic500.0080uM
(2R)-N-[4-[(3-aminocyclohexyl)sulfamoyl]-2-chlorophenyl]-3,3,3-trifluoro-2-hydroxy-2-methylpropanamide162971: Inhibition of porcine pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase (PDHK)in a primary enzymatic assayic500.0084uM
(2R)-N-[2-chloro-4-(2-morpholin-4-ylethylsulfamoyl)phenyl]-3,3,3-trifluoro-2-hydroxy-2-methylpropanamide162971: Inhibition of porcine pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase (PDHK)in a primary enzymatic assayic500.0100uM
(2R)-N-[2-chloro-4-(2-methylpropylsulfamoyl)phenyl]-3,3,3-trifluoro-2-hydroxy-2-methylpropanamide162971: Inhibition of porcine pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase (PDHK)in a primary enzymatic assayic500.0130uM
(2S)-2-[[3-chloro-4-[[(2R)-3,3,3-trifluoro-2-hydroxy-2-methylpropanoyl]amino]benzoyl]amino]-4-phenylbutanoic acid162971: Inhibition of porcine pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase (PDHK)in a primary enzymatic assayic500.0150uM
(2R)-N-[2-chloro-4-[3-(2-oxopyrrolidin-1-yl)propylsulfamoyl]phenyl]-3,3,3-trifluoro-2-hydroxy-2-methylpropanamide162971: Inhibition of porcine pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase (PDHK)in a primary enzymatic assayic500.0160uM
(2R)-N-[4-[[4-(2-aminoethyl)phenyl]sulfonylsulfamoyl]-2-chlorophenyl]-3,3,3-trifluoro-2-hydroxy-2-methylpropanamide162971: Inhibition of porcine pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase (PDHK)in a primary enzymatic assayic500.0160uM
4-[(2R,5S)-2,5-dimethyl-4-[(2R)-3,3,3-trifluoro-2-hydroxy-2-methylpropanoyl]piperazine-1-carbonyl]benzonitrile162832: In vitro inhibitory activity against Pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase by primary enzymatic assayic500.0165uM
(2R)-N-[2-chloro-4-(3-ethoxypropylsulfamoyl)phenyl]-3,3,3-trifluoro-2-hydroxy-2-methylpropanamide162971: Inhibition of porcine pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase (PDHK)in a primary enzymatic assayic500.0190uM
(2R)-N-[2-chloro-4-(pyridin-2-ylmethylsulfamoyl)phenyl]-3,3,3-trifluoro-2-hydroxy-2-methylpropanamide162971: Inhibition of porcine pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase (PDHK)in a primary enzymatic assayic500.0200uM
(2R)-N-[2-chloro-4-(3,3-dimethylbutylsulfamoyl)phenyl]-3,3,3-trifluoro-2-hydroxy-2-methylpropanamide162971: Inhibition of porcine pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase (PDHK)in a primary enzymatic assayic500.0200uM
benzyl (2R)-2-methyl-4-[(2R)-3,3,3-trifluoro-2-hydroxy-2-methylpropanoyl]piperazine-1-carboxylate162832: In vitro inhibitory activity against Pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase by primary enzymatic assayic500.0210uM
(2R)-N-[4-(3-aminopyrrolidin-1-yl)sulfonyl-2-chlorophenyl]-3,3,3-trifluoro-2-hydroxy-2-methylpropanamide162971: Inhibition of porcine pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase (PDHK)in a primary enzymatic assayic500.0230uM
N-[4-(2-chloro-5-methylpyrimidin-4-yl)phenyl]-N-[[4-[[(2,2-difluoroacetyl)amino]methyl]phenyl]methyl]-2,4-dihydroxybenzamide1604075: Inhibition of PDHK3 (unknown origin) by radiometric biochemical kinase assayic500.0260uM
(2R)-N-[2-chloro-4-(3-hydroxypropylsulfamoyl)phenyl]-3,3,3-trifluoro-2-hydroxy-2-methylpropanamide162971: Inhibition of porcine pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase (PDHK)in a primary enzymatic assayic500.0290uM
(2R)-N-[2-chloro-4-[2-(dimethylamino)ethylsulfamoyl]phenyl]-3,3,3-trifluoro-2-hydroxy-2-methylpropanamide162971: Inhibition of porcine pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase (PDHK)in a primary enzymatic assayic500.0320uM
sodium (2S)-2-[[3-chloro-4-[[(2R)-3,3,3-trifluoro-2-hydroxy-2-methylpropanoyl]amino]benzoyl]amino]-3-phenylpropanoate162971: Inhibition of porcine pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase (PDHK)in a primary enzymatic assayic500.0340uM
(2R)-N-[2-chloro-4-[2-(4-fluorophenyl)ethylsulfamoyl]phenyl]-3,3,3-trifluoro-2-hydroxy-2-methylpropanamide162971: Inhibition of porcine pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase (PDHK)in a primary enzymatic assayic500.0350uM
3-chloro-N-(3-hydroxypropyl)-N-methyl-4-[[(2R)-3,3,3-trifluoro-2-hydroxy-2-methylpropanoyl]amino]benzamide162971: Inhibition of porcine pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase (PDHK)in a primary enzymatic assayic500.0470uM
(2R)-N-(2-chloro-4-piperazin-1-ylsulfonylphenyl)-3,3,3-trifluoro-2-hydroxy-2-methylpropanamide162832: In vitro inhibitory activity against Pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase by primary enzymatic assayic500.0550uM
N-[(5-bromofuran-2-yl)methyl]-N-[4-(dimethylcarbamoyl)phenyl]-2,4-dihydroxybenzamide1604075: Inhibition of PDHK3 (unknown origin) by radiometric biochemical kinase assayic500.0590uM
(2R)-N-[2-chloro-4-(diethylsulfamoyl)phenyl]-3,3,3-trifluoro-2-hydroxy-2-methylpropanamide162971: Inhibition of porcine pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase (PDHK)in a primary enzymatic assayic500.0610uM
N-[(5-bromo-1,3-thiazol-2-yl)methyl]-N-[4-(dimethylcarbamoyl)phenyl]-2,4-dihydroxybenzamide1604075: Inhibition of PDHK3 (unknown origin) by radiometric biochemical kinase assayic500.0640uM
(2R)-N-[2-chloro-4-[3-(diethylamino)propylsulfamoyl]phenyl]-3,3,3-trifluoro-2-hydroxy-2-methylpropanamide162971: Inhibition of porcine pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase (PDHK)in a primary enzymatic assayic500.0660uM
N-[4-(dimethylcarbamoyl)phenyl]-N-(furan-2-ylmethyl)-2,4-dihydroxybenzamide1604075: Inhibition of PDHK3 (unknown origin) by radiometric biochemical kinase assayic500.0670uM
(2R)-N-(2-chloro-4-methylsulfonylphenyl)-3,3,3-trifluoro-2-hydroxy-2-methylpropanamide162971: Inhibition of porcine pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase (PDHK)in a primary enzymatic assayic500.0700uM
(2R)-N-[2-chloro-4-(4-pyridin-2-ylpiperazin-1-yl)sulfonylphenyl]-3,3,3-trifluoro-2-hydroxy-2-methylpropanamide162971: Inhibition of porcine pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase (PDHK)in a primary enzymatic assayic500.0730uM
3-chloro-4-[[(2R)-3,3,3-trifluoro-2-hydroxy-2-methylpropanoyl]amino]benzenesulfonyl fluoride162832: In vitro inhibitory activity against Pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase by primary enzymatic assayic500.0770uM
(2S)-2-[[3-chloro-4-[[(2R)-3,3,3-trifluoro-2-hydroxy-2-methylpropanoyl]amino]benzoyl]amino]-3-(4-phenylphenyl)propanoic acid162971: Inhibition of porcine pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase (PDHK)in a primary enzymatic assayic500.0770uM
3-chloro-4-[(3,3,3-trifluoro-2-hydroxy-2-methylpropanoyl)amino]benzenesulfonyl fluoride162971: Inhibition of porcine pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase (PDHK)in a primary enzymatic assayic500.0770uM
4-[(2R)-2-methyl-4-[(2R)-3,3,3-trifluoro-2-hydroxy-2-methylpropanoyl]piperazine-1-carbonyl]benzonitrile162832: In vitro inhibitory activity against Pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase by primary enzymatic assayic500.0790uM
N-[(4-bromothiophen-2-yl)methyl]-N-[4-(dimethylcarbamoyl)phenyl]-2,4-dihydroxybenzamide1604075: Inhibition of PDHK3 (unknown origin) by radiometric biochemical kinase assayic500.0800uM
(2R)-1-[(2S,5R)-4-benzyl-2,5-dimethylpiperazin-1-yl]-3,3,3-trifluoro-2-hydroxy-2-methylpropan-1-one162832: In vitro inhibitory activity against Pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase by primary enzymatic assayic500.0820uM
3-chloro-N-(3-hydroxypropyl)-4-[[(2R)-3,3,3-trifluoro-2-hydroxy-2-methylpropanoyl]amino]benzamide162971: Inhibition of porcine pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase (PDHK)in a primary enzymatic assayic500.0870uM
N-[(5-bromothiophen-2-yl)methyl]-N-[4-(dimethylcarbamoyl)phenyl]-2,4-dihydroxybenzamide1604075: Inhibition of PDHK3 (unknown origin) by radiometric biochemical kinase assayic500.0900uM
N-[(2-bromo-1,3-thiazol-5-yl)methyl]-N-[4-(dimethylcarbamoyl)phenyl]-2,4-dihydroxybenzamide1604075: Inhibition of PDHK3 (unknown origin) by radiometric biochemical kinase assayic500.0900uM
3-chloro-4-[[(2R)-3,3,3-trifluoro-2-hydroxy-2-methylpropanoyl]amino]benzoic acid162832: In vitro inhibitory activity against Pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase by primary enzymatic assayic500.0900uM
N-[2-chloro-4-(2-methylpropylsulfamoyl)phenyl]-2-hydroxy-2-methylpropanamide162971: Inhibition of porcine pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase (PDHK)in a primary enzymatic assayic500.0980uM
N-[(5-cyanothiophen-2-yl)methyl]-N-[4-(dimethylcarbamoyl)phenyl]-2,4-dihydroxybenzamide1604075: Inhibition of PDHK3 (unknown origin) by radiometric biochemical kinase assayic500.0980uM
methyl (2S)-2-[[3-chloro-4-[[(2R)-3,3,3-trifluoro-2-hydroxy-2-methylpropanoyl]amino]benzoyl]-methylamino]-3-(1H-indol-3-yl)propanoate162971: Inhibition of porcine pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase (PDHK)in a primary enzymatic assayic500.1100uM
(2R)-N-(4-benzoyl-2-chlorophenyl)-3,3,3-trifluoro-2-hydroxy-2-methylpropanamide162832: In vitro inhibitory activity against Pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase by primary enzymatic assayic500.1100uM
(2R)-N-[2-chloro-4-(4-pyridin-2-ylpiperazine-1-carbonyl)phenyl]-3,3,3-trifluoro-2-hydroxy-2-methylpropanamide162971: Inhibition of porcine pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase (PDHK)in a primary enzymatic assayic500.1100uM
N-(4-benzoyl-2-chlorophenyl)-3,3,3-trifluoro-2-hydroxy-2-methylpropanamide162971: Inhibition of porcine pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase (PDHK)in a primary enzymatic assayic500.1130uM
methyl 3-chloro-4-[(3,3,3-trifluoro-2-hydroxy-2-methylpropanoyl)amino]benzoate162971: Inhibition of porcine pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase (PDHK)in a primary enzymatic assayic500.1150uM
4-methyl-3-[(2-methyl-6-pyridin-3-ylpyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidin-4-yl)amino]-N-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]benzamide2148967: Binding affinity to human PDK3 incubated for 45 mins by Kinobead based pull down assaykd0.1192uM
methyl 3-chloro-4-[[(2R)-3,3,3-trifluoro-2-hydroxy-2-methylpropanoyl]amino]benzoate162832: In vitro inhibitory activity against Pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase by primary enzymatic assayic500.1200uM
4-[3-chloro-4-[[(2R)-3,3,3-trifluoro-2-hydroxy-2-methylpropanoyl]amino]phenyl]sulfonyl-N,N-dimethylbenzamide2096660: Inhibition of N-terminal GST-tagged recombinant human full length PDK3 (1 to 406 residues) expressed in baculovirus infected Sf9 cells using PDHA1 as substrate incubated for 1 hrs in presence of ATP by ADP-Glo luminescence assayic500.1205uM
3-chloro-N-hexyl-4-[(3,3,3-trifluoro-2-hydroxy-2-methylpropanoyl)amino]benzamide162971: Inhibition of porcine pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase (PDHK)in a primary enzymatic assayic500.1260uM

CTD chemical–gene interactions

62 total (human), top 30 by PubMed support.

ChemicalActions (top 5)PubMed papers
Valproic Acidaffects expression, decreases expression, increases expression, increases methylation4
sodium arsenitedecreases expression, increases expression3
Acetaminophendecreases expression, increases expression3
Air Pollutantsdecreases expression, affects cotreatment, increases abundance, increases expression2
Nickeldecreases expression2
Oxygendecreases reaction, increases expression2
Phenylmercuric Acetateaffects cotreatment, decreases expression2
Cyclosporinedecreases expression2
aristolochic acid Idecreases expression1
VER-246608decreases activity1
alpha-pineneaffects cotreatment, increases expression, increases abundance1
bisphenol Aaffects cotreatment, increases methylation1
tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl)phosphatedecreases expression1
1,10-phenanthrolineincreases expression1
ochratoxin Adecreases expression1
potassium chromate(VI)increases expression1
methacrylaldehydeaffects cotreatment, increases expression, increases abundance1
S-(1,2-dichlorovinyl)cysteineaffects cotreatment, decreases expression1
di-n-butylphosphoric acidaffects expression1
pentabromodiphenyl etherdecreases expression1
CGP 52608affects binding, increases reaction1
perfluoro-n-nonanoic aciddecreases expression1
monomethylarsonous aciddecreases expression1
4-(5-benzo(1,3)dioxol-5-yl-4-pyridin-2-yl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)benzamideaffects cotreatment, decreases expression1
dimethylarsinous aciddecreases expression1
gypenosidedecreases expression1
ICG 001decreases expression1
abrinedecreases expression1
2,2’,4,4’-tetrabromodiphenyl etherdecreases expression1
Grape Seed Proanthocyanidinsincreases expression, affects cotreatment1

ChEMBL screening assays

53 unique, capped per target: 52 binding, 1 functional

Representative assays (with source publication via chembl_document):

Assay IDTypeDescriptionSource paper
CHEMBL3721114BindingInhibition of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase (unknown origin) assessed as reduction in E1 phosphorylation incubated for 1 hr by DELFIA methodTetrahydroisoquinoline compounds and their use as pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase inhibitors
CHEMBL767695FunctionalIn vivo inhibion of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase, increased oxidation of lactate(R)-3,3,3-Trifluoro-2-hydroxy-2-methylpropionamides are orally active inhibitors of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase. — *J Med Chem*

Cellosaurus cell lines

1 cell lines: 1 cancer cell line

First 10 cell lines (id-ordered, not curated):

CellosaurusNameCategorySex
CVCL_TC83HAP1 PDK3 (-)Cancer cell lineMale

Clinical trials (associated diseases)

Via MONDO — disease-level, not drug-specific.

59 trials:

NCTPhaseStatusTitle
NCT04762758Phase 3UNKNOWNPhase III Trial Assessing the Efficacy and Safety of PXT3003 in CMT1A Patients
NCT00271635Phase 2COMPLETEDAscorbic Acid Treatment in CMT1A Trial (AATIC)
NCT01401257Phase 2COMPLETEDPhase II, Randomized, Placebo-controlled Trial in Patients With Charcot-marie-tooth Disease Type 1A
NCT02561702Phase 2COMPLETEDMexiletine for Muscle Cramps in Charcot Marie Tooth Disease
NCT02967679Phase 2COMPLETEDSERENDEM : MD1003 in Patients Suffering From Demyelinating Neuropathies, an Open Label Pilot Study
NCT03124459Phase 2TERMINATEDStudy of ACE-083 in Patients With Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease
NCT03254199Phase 2TERMINATEDA Study to Assess the Safety and Effectiveness of FLX-787 in Subjects With Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease Experiencing Muscle Cramps.
NCT03943290Phase 2TERMINATEDExtension Study to Evaluate the Long-Term Effects of ACE-083 in Patients With Facioscapulohumeral Muscular Dystrophy (FSHD) and Charcot-Marie Tooth (CMT) Disease Types 1 and X (CMT1 and CMTX)
NCT05777226Phase 2UNKNOWNResearch of SORD-CMT Natural History and Epalrestat Treatment
NCT06482437Phase 2COMPLETEDSafety and Efficacy of NMD670 in Adult Patients With Type 1 and Type 2 Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease
NCT01289704Phase 2/3UNKNOWNTreadmill, Stretching and Proprioceptive Exercise (TreSPE) Rehabilitation Program for Charcot-Marie-Tooth Neuropathy Type 1A (CMT1A)
NCT00541164Phase 1/2COMPLETEDEffects of Coenzyme Q10 on Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease
NCT05361031Phase 1/2COMPLETEDThe Safety and Tolerability of Engensis (VM202) in Patients With Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease Subtype 1A (CMT1A)
NCT07223632Phase 1/2ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITINGTreatment of Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease, Axonal, Type 2S (CMT2S) in an Individual Patient
NCT00149045Not specifiedCOMPLETEDFollow up and Observation of Charcot Marie Tooth Disease in Families
NCT01193075Not specifiedRECRUITINGNatural History Evaluation of Charcot Marie Tooth Disease (CMT) Types CMT1B, CMT2A, CMT4A, CMT4C, and Others
NCT01203085Not specifiedCOMPLETEDDevelopment of Charcot Marie Tooth Disease (CMT) Pediatric Scale for Children With CMT
NCT01455623Not specifiedCOMPLETEDDevelopment and Validation of a Disability Severity Index for CMT
NCT01918826Not specifiedCOMPLETEDEvaluation of the Analgesic Efficiency of the Transcutaneous Neurostimulation in the Charcot Syndrome Marie Tooth on the Pains of Lower Limbs
NCT02001038Not specifiedCOMPLETEDSurvey of Current Management of Orthopaedic Complications in CMT Patients
NCT02011204Not specifiedCOMPLETEDStudy of Electrical Impedance Myography (EIM) in ALS
NCT02194010Not specifiedCOMPLETEDDisability Severity Scale (DSI) and Hereditary Motor and Sensory Neuropathy Overall Disability Scale (HMSN-R-ODS)
NCT02429947Not specifiedCOMPLETEDAn Analysis of the Symptomatic Domains Most Relevant to Charcot Marie Tooth Neuropathy (CMT) Patients
NCT02532244Not specifiedCOMPLETEDGenetics of Pediatric-Onset Motor Neuron and Neuromuscular Diseases
NCT02699190Not specifiedCOMPLETEDLeukoSEQ: Whole Genome Sequencing as a First-Line Diagnostic Tool for Leukodystrophies
NCT02788734Not specifiedCOMPLETEDPatient Reported Outcomes Measures (PROM) in Carpal Tunnel Therapies in Patients With Inherited Neuropathies
NCT02979145Not specifiedUNKNOWNCharcot-Marie-Tooth Disease (CMT) Infant Scale (INC-6611)
NCT03047369Not specifiedRECRUITINGThe Myelin Disorders Biorepository Project
NCT03460951Not specifiedCOMPLETEDDiffusion Tensor Imaging in Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyneuropathy (PIDC)
NCT03715283Not specifiedCOMPLETEDChange in MUNIX in Patients With CMT1A Undergoing a Home Ankle Strengthening Program Versus Standard of Care
NCT03782883Not specifiedCOMPLETEDThe Impact of Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease in the Real World
NCT03810508Not specifiedTERMINATEDA Natural History Study of Charcot-Marie-Tooth 4J (CMT4J)
NCT03966287Not specifiedCOMPLETEDAnalysis of Pain and Quality of Life in Patients With Charcot-Marie-Tooth Neuropathy (CMT)
NCT04010188Not specifiedRECRUITINGA Registered Cohort Study on Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease
NCT04283175Not specifiedCOMPLETEDValidation Study of Posturology Platforms for Evaluating Postural Control of Hemiparetic and Neuro-muscular Patients
NCT04461613Not specifiedUNKNOWNPhysical Activity in Persons With Charcot-Marie-Tooth: Developing a Measurement Instrument
NCT04786522Not specifiedCOMPLETEDIrisin Levels in Patients With Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) Disease
NCT04967716Not specifiedUNKNOWNGenetics of Charcot-Marie-Tooth Dystrophy and Related Diseases
NCT04980807Not specifiedCOMPLETEDObservational Study of Neuromuscular Function in CMT Type 1&2 and Healthy Controls
NCT05011006Not specifiedTERMINATEDNT-3 Levels and Function in Individuals With CMT
NCT05827419Not specifiedTERMINATEDHearing and Balance Disorders in Peripheral Neuropathy
NCT05902351Not specifiedRECRUITINGNatural History Study for Charcot Marie Tooth Disease
NCT06203093Not specifiedUNKNOWNCharcot-Marie-Tooth Disease (CMT) Biological Sample Collection for IPSC Generation and Biobanking
NCT06666816Not specifiedRECRUITINGObservational Study to Observe Variations of Gait Parameters in Patients With Neuromuscular Diseases
NCT06708468Not specifiedRECRUITINGPersonalized Training for People With Rare Neuromuscular Disorders
NCT06794489Not specifiedRECRUITINGLongitudinal Biomarkers With Selected Outcome Measures In CMT
NCT06808581Not specifiedCOMPLETEDEVALUATION OF SERUM INFLAMMATORY CYTOKINE CONCENTRATION IN HEREDITARY SENSITIVOMOTOR NEUROPATHIES
NCT06881979Not specifiedRECRUITINGHigh-Tech Rehabilitation Pathway for Chronic Adult Neuromuscular Diseases - Fit4MedRob-Chronic MND Project
NCT06945835Not specifiedCOMPLETEDHigh Intensity Exercise and Improving Physical Activity Among People With Neurologic Dysfunction
NCT07038239Not specifiedRECRUITINGGenotype/Phenotype Correlation of MORC2 Mutations
NCT07072676Not specifiedENROLLING_BY_INVITATIONThe Use of Assistive Gait Devices Can Reduce the Risk of Falls in Patients With Neuromuscular Diseases Following a Training Period.
NCT07136844Not specifiedRECRUITINGGait Analysis Parameter and Upper Limb Evaluation in Adult Patients With Neurological or Metabolic Pathology
NCT07152197Not specifiedRECRUITINGEffects of Resistance Exercises in Hereditary Sensory-Motor Neuropathy (Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease)
NCT07188415Not specifiedRECRUITINGCMT Gait, Mobility, Balance - AOFAS Grant
NCT07432035Not specifiedNOT_YET_RECRUITINGWalking Function Outcomes Following Surgical Correction With Rehabilitation Versus Physical Therapy Alone in Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease: A Bidirectional Cohort Study
NCT07476365Not specifiedRECRUITINGA Multi-omic Approach to the Identification of Novel Biomarkers in Early Charcot-Marie-Tooth 1A Disease (CMT1A)
NCT07478172Not specifiedRECRUITINGEffects of Whole-body Electrical Muscle Stimulation Exercise on Adults With Neuromuscular Disease
NCT07570446Not specifiedRECRUITINGAUTONOMOUS DISORDERS IN CMT
NCT07570459Not specifiedRECRUITINGTREMOR IN CHARCOT-MARIE-TOOTH

Predicted chemistry — Sugi Predict

The predicted patent-compound landscape for PDK3 across ~30M SureChEMBL compounds — explore on Sugi Predict.