PECAM1

Summary

PECAM1 (platelet and endothelial cell adhesion molecule 1, HGNC:8823) is a protein-coding gene on chromosome 17q23.3, encoding Platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule (P16284). Cell adhesion molecule which is required for leukocyte transendothelial migration (TEM) under most inflammatory conditions.

The protein encoded by this gene is found on the surface of platelets, monocytes, neutrophils, and some types of T-cells, and makes up a large portion of endothelial cell intercellular junctions. The encoded protein is a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily and is likely involved in leukocyte migration, angiogenesis, and integrin activation.

Source: NCBI Gene 5175 — RefSeq curated summary.

At a glance

• GWAS associations: 11
• Clinical variants (ClinVar): 3 total
• MANE Select transcript: NM_000442

Identifiers

Gene identifiers

Field	Value
HGNC ID	HGNC:8823
Approved symbol	PECAM1
Name	platelet and endothelial cell adhesion molecule 1
Location	17q23.3
Locus type	gene with protein product
Status	Approved
Aliases	CD31
Ensembl gene	ENSG00000261371
Ensembl biotype	protein_coding
OMIM	173445
Entrez	5175

Gene structure

Transcript identifiers

Ensembl transcripts: 42 — 37 protein_coding, 5 protein_coding_CDS_not_defined

ENST00000561739, ENST00000563523, ENST00000563924, ENST00000564866, ENST00000566422, ENST00000566616, ENST00000568702, ENST00000569530, ENST00000569967, ENST00000904873, ENST00000904874, ENST00000904875, ENST00000904876, ENST00000904877, ENST00000904878, ENST00000904879, ENST00000904880, ENST00000904881, ENST00000904882, ENST00000904883, ENST00000904884, ENST00000904885, ENST00000904886, ENST00000904887, ENST00000904888, ENST00000904889, ENST00000904890, ENST00000904891, ENST00000904892, ENST00000951541, ENST00000951542, ENST00000951543, ENST00000951544, ENST00000951545, ENST00000951546, ENST00000951547, ENST00000951548, ENST00000951549, ENST00000951550, ENST00000951551, ENST00000951552, ENST00000951553

RefSeq mRNA: 1 — MANE Select: NM_000442 NM_000442

CCDS: CCDS74132

Canonical transcript exons

ENST00000563924 — 16 exons

Exon	Start	End
ENSE00002575878	64363149	64363397
ENSE00002579775	64350380	64350433
ENSE00002580899	64319415	64323845
ENSE00002591954	64354933	64355040
ENSE00002592904	64390489	64390515
ENSE00002598474	64353491	64353518
ENSE00002605204	64341634	64341690
ENSE00002606452	64348260	64348322
ENSE00002614676	64390602	64390860
ENSE00002621159	64356111	64356398
ENSE00002623164	64329700	64329722
ENSE00002627278	64352390	64352463
ENSE00002628742	64360140	64360415
ENSE00003520017	64369750	64370025
ENSE00003605763	64377824	64378117
ENSE00003789668	64375051	64375356

Expression profiles

Bgee: expression breadth ubiquitous, 288 present calls, max score 99.92.

FANTOM5 (CAGE): breadth broad, TPM avg 56.3368 / max 3052.4492, expressed in 842 samples.

FANTOM5 promoters (16 alternative TSS)

Promoter ID	TPM avg	Samples expressed
208337	24.3398	453
208331	14.7190	532
208336	4.9143	329
208345	3.9932	346
208333	1.6702	267
208335	1.5378	245
208332	1.4127	342
208338	1.2872	374
208341	0.6353	84
208342	0.5514	118

Top tissues by expression

295 total, by Bgee expression score (0-100, higher = more expressed):

Tissue	Anatomy ID	Expression score	Quality
tendon of biceps brachii	UBERON:0008188	99.92	gold quality
visceral pleura	UBERON:0002401	99.39	gold quality
lower lobe of lung	UBERON:0008949	99.36	gold quality
pericardium	UBERON:0002407	99.30	gold quality
right lung	UBERON:0002167	99.25	gold quality
pleura	UBERON:0000977	99.20	gold quality
parietal pleura	UBERON:0002400	99.09	gold quality
monocyte	CL:0000576	99.08	gold quality
mononuclear cell	CL:0000842	99.03	gold quality
leukocyte	CL:0000738	98.97	gold quality
lung	UBERON:0002048	98.81	gold quality
upper lobe of lung	UBERON:0008948	98.60	gold quality
colonic epithelium	UBERON:0000397	98.59	gold quality
upper lobe of left lung	UBERON:0008952	98.53	gold quality
calcaneal tendon	UBERON:0003701	98.41	gold quality
skin of hip	UBERON:0001554	98.38	gold quality
bone marrow cell	CL:0002092	98.26	gold quality
placenta	UBERON:0001987	98.20	gold quality
vena cava	UBERON:0004087	98.20	gold quality
tendon	UBERON:0000043	98.10	gold quality
gall bladder	UBERON:0002110	98.05	gold quality
blood	UBERON:0000178	97.85	gold quality
layer of synovial tissue	UBERON:0007616	97.82	gold quality
subcutaneous adipose tissue	UBERON:0002190	97.72	gold quality
adipose tissue	UBERON:0001013	97.68	gold quality
superficial temporal artery	UBERON:0001614	97.68	gold quality
adipose tissue of abdominal region	UBERON:0007808	97.63	gold quality
omental fat pad	UBERON:0010414	97.60	gold quality
vermiform appendix	UBERON:0001154	97.59	gold quality
peritoneum	UBERON:0002358	97.58	gold quality

Single-cell (SCXA)

Detected in 36 experiment(s), a significant marker in 35.

Experiment	Marker?	Max mean expression
E-MTAB-9543	yes	3440.76
E-MTAB-5061	yes	2827.83
E-GEOD-83139	yes	2822.52
E-HCAD-15	yes	2498.32
E-ANND-2	yes	1883.47
E-CURD-88	yes	1700.89
E-MTAB-10662	yes	1407.17
E-CURD-126	yes	1336.02
E-HCAD-23	yes	1303.59
E-HCAD-31	yes	1259.14
E-MTAB-6701	yes	1156.09
E-MTAB-8142	yes	1145.88
E-MTAB-8221	yes	952.67
E-CURD-114	yes	940.72
E-MTAB-8410	yes	930.70

Regulation

Is transcription factor: no

Upstream regulators (CollecTRI, top): CEBPG, EGR1, ETS1, FOXM1, GATA1, GATA2, HIF1A, IKZF1, NFKB1, NFKB, POU2F1, RELA, SP1, TFAP2A, TRPS1, YY1

miRNA regulators (miRDB)

119 targeting PECAM1, top 30 by miRDB confidence (max_score; target_count = how many genes the miRNA targets in total — lower means more specific):

miRNA	Max score	Avg score	miRNA target_count
HSA-MIR-6867-5P	100.00	82.21	3464
HSA-MIR-1252-5P	100.00	69.80	2774
HSA-MIR-3924	100.00	72.09	2394
HSA-MIR-12136	99.98	72.81	5713
HSA-MIR-3065-5P	99.97	71.56	3281
HSA-MIR-8075	99.97	67.20	962
HSA-MIR-302E	99.96	70.74	2669
HSA-MIR-3658	99.96	73.87	4379
HSA-MIR-651-3P	99.94	73.48	5177
HSA-MIR-6508-5P	99.92	70.67	2465
HSA-MIR-5680	99.91	69.83	3421
HSA-MIR-1297	99.91	73.41	3162
HSA-MIR-1305	99.91	71.43	3443
HSA-MIR-4731-5P	99.89	67.23	2537
HSA-MIR-302A-3P	99.89	71.23	1777
HSA-MIR-302B-3P	99.89	71.23	1777
HSA-MIR-302C-3P	99.89	71.20	1778
HSA-MIR-302D-3P	99.89	71.25	1777
HSA-MIR-153-5P	99.89	73.86	6317
HSA-MIR-4302	99.89	67.94	1187
HSA-MIR-6124	99.87	69.78	3551
HSA-MIR-4779	99.86	66.50	1583
HSA-MIR-8067	99.86	69.59	2260
HSA-MIR-383-3P	99.85	65.84	1359
HSA-MIR-520E-3P	99.84	70.55	1698
HSA-MIR-373-3P	99.84	70.68	1668
HSA-MIR-372-3P	99.83	70.58	1691
HSA-MIR-520A-3P	99.83	70.59	1687
HSA-MIR-520B-3P	99.83	70.56	1699
HSA-MIR-520C-3P	99.83	70.56	1699

Literature-anchored findings (GeneRIF, showing 40)

• Premature labor is associated with up-regulation of adhesion molecules in the lower uterine segment. (PMID:11776680)
• PECAM-1 (CD31) regulates a hydrogen peroxide-activated nonselective cation channel in endothelial cells. (PMID:11927609)
• data provide evidence of a role for PECAM-1 in human tumor angiogenesis and suggest PECAM-1 participates in adhesive and/or signaling phenomena required for the motility and organization of endothelial cells (PMID:11940533)
• prevents phagocyte ingestion of closely apposed viable cells by transmitting ‘detachment’ signals, and which changes function on apoptosis, promoting tethering of dying cells to phagocytes (PMID:12110892)
• No allelic associations have been found between multiple sclerosis and the CA microsatellite marker in the promoter region of the PECAM1 gene in Belgian study populations. (PMID:12127674)
• expression in uterine leiomyoma (PMID:12215337)
• hyperinsulinaemia could accelerate atherosclerosis by directly enhancing neutrophil transendothelial migration through increasing endothelial PECAM-1 expression via mitogen-activated protein kinase activation (PMID:12378388)
• During transmigration of neutrophils through umbilical vein endothelium, PECAM1 junctions opened to surround the periphery of a transmigrating neutrophil. (PMID:12393634)
• PECAM-1 involvement through Akt/PKB activation in starvation-induced transendothelial migration of CD34+CD14+ circulating precursors (PMID:12393747)
• alternatively spliced PECAM-1 isoforms in hematopoietic cells and platelets may have roles in hematopoiesis and transendothelial migration (PMID:12397602)
• Human PECAM-1 undergoes alternative splicing, generating multiple isoforms in vascular beds of various tissues (PMID:12433657)
• mechanisms of PECAM-1-dependent neutrophil transmigration (PMID:12468430)
• Idiopathic membranous nephropathy is characterized by complete or partial loss of PECAM-1 expression from glomerular capillaries and a parallel gain of PECAM-1 expression in the tubular epithelium. (PMID:12552497)
• Targeted recycling of PECAM1 from endothelial surface-connected compartments during diapedesis (PMID:12610627)
• Regulated expression of PECAM-1 isoforms during differentiation of blood cells suggests that alternative splicing of its mRNA is involved during hematopoiesis or inflammation. (PMID:12616538)
• PECAM-1, an adhesion molecule, affects cell proliferation via accumulation of transcriptionally active beta-catenin (PMID:12646189)
• PECAM-1 markedly suppressed Bax overexpression-induced cytochrome c release, caspase activation, and nuclear fragmentation in human cells transfected with PECAM1. (PMID:12649141)
• CD31 expression reverts the undifferentiated morphology and aggressive behavior of MDA-MB-231 cells, indicating its active role in the morphogenesis of breast ductal in situ carcinomas (PMID:12651608)
• Induction of adhesion molecule CD31, a useful nonlysosomal marker of macrophages and their neoplastic counterparts, may contribute to cell migration capability in Langerhans-cell histiocytosis patients. (PMID:12653580)
• Human Schlemm’s canal cells express the endothelial adherens proteins, VE-cadherin and PECAM-1. (PMID:12658549)
• role in modulation of integrin-mediated cell adhesion, transendothelial migration, angiogenesis, apoptosis, cell migration, negative regulation of immune cell signalling, autoimmunity, macrophage phagocytosis, IgE-mediated anaphylaxis and thrombosis (PMID:12681475)
• Review. The complex cytoplasmic domain is the focus: its structure, posttranslational modifications, & binding partners. PECAM1 is a cellular activation inhibitor via PTK-dependent signaling pathways, an integrin activator & a suppressor of apoptosis. (PMID:12689916)
• platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 (PECAM-1) gene is responsive to shear stress in vitro and that decreased PECAM-1 gene expression in 53A carriers may influence reduced progression of vessel stenosis in patients with coronary artery disease. (PMID:12732396)
• PECAM-1 has a role in inhibiting low density lipoprotein-induced signaling in platelets (PMID:12775720)
• PECAM-1 co-localized with moesin at the cell periphery and in filopodia of glass-activated platelets; moesin may play a role in platelet adhesion, linking PECAM-1 with the actin cytoskeleton (PMID:12850829)
• role for PECAM-1 as a sensor of oxidative stress, perhaps most importantly during the process of inflammation. (PMID:12893640)
• PECAM-1 and Fc gamma RIIa are colocalized on the platelet membrane and PECAM-1 down-regulates Fc gamma RIIa-mediated platelet responses. (PMID:12893767)
• infection with Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus leads to the downregulation of MHC class I, CD31 (PE-CAM), and CD54 (ICAM-I) (PMID:12915579)
• PECAM-1 participates in maintenance of adherens junction integrity and permeability, organization of the intermediate filament cytoskeleton, regulation of catenin localization and transcriptional activities [Review]. (PMID:14519385)
• CD31-CD31 bonds act as robust sensors which can guide neutrophil migration, and also modify its velocity. (PMID:14566092)
• elucidating the mechanisms of PECAM-1 function in autoimmune disorders could facilitate development of novel therapeutics–REVIEW (PMID:14754395)
• Marked expression of CD31 (P = 0.024), CD105 (P = 0.001), and Tie-2/Tek (P = 0.01) also correlated with higher risk of metastases in node-negative patients. (PMID:14991534)
• CD31 was mainly reactive with vascular endothelial cells and platelets.Its expression on these high endothelial cells suggest that it participate in trafficking of leukocytes,especially lymphocytes to the omentum. (PMID:15048167)
• CD31 might play a critical role in the ontogeny and physiology of B-lymphocytes (PMID:15065759)
• results suggest that a highly charged cluster of amino acids in the PECAM-1 cytoplasmic domain directly interacts with calmodulin and this novel interaction appears to regulate cleavage of PECAM-1 (PMID:15196923)
• These findings suggest that mechanosensitive PECAM-1 may lie downstream of a primary mechanosensor that activates a tyrosine kinase. (PMID:15249199)
• In summary, we have identified a novel PECAM-1 transcript (Deltaexon 7) and shown that the 5th (Ig)-like domain of PECAM-1 plays a role in monocyte TEM and Ca(2+) homeostasis. (PMID:15249221)
• frequency of the Gly670Arg polymorphism was significantly higher in patients with myocardial infart (58.9% vs. 48.3%) (PMID:15265022)
• PECAM-1 cleavage under high shear stress is closely related to the activation of calpain and the process of platelet-derived microparticles formation mediated by the GPIb-VWF interaction. (PMID:15550032)
• Up-regulation of endothelial PECAM-1 following radiation exposure is persistent, and PECAM-1 plays a key role in platelet adhesion/aggregation on irradiated endothelial cells. (PMID:15550034)

Cross-species orthologs

4 orthologs

Organism	Symbol	Gene ID
danio_rerio	pecam1a	ENSDARG00000060263
danio_rerio	pecam1b	ENSDARG00000103020
mus_musculus	Pecam1	ENSMUSG00000020717
rattus_norvegicus	Pecam1	ENSRNOG00000066008

Paralogs (17): FCGR2B (ENSG00000072694), FCRLA (ENSG00000132185), FCRL2 (ENSG00000132704), FCGR2A (ENSG00000143226), FCRL5 (ENSG00000143297), FCGR1A (ENSG00000150337), FCRL3 (ENSG00000160856), FCRLB (ENSG00000162746), FCGR3B (ENSG00000162747), FCRL4 (ENSG00000163518), FCRL1 (ENSG00000163534), FCER1A (ENSG00000179639), FCRL6 (ENSG00000181036), C17orf99 (ENSG00000187997), FCGR3A (ENSG00000203747), FCGR2C (ENSG00000244682), MILR1 (ENSG00000271605)

Protein

Protein identifiers

Platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule — P16284 (reviewed: P16284)

Alternative names: EndoCAM, GPIIA’, PECA1

All UniProt accessions (4): A0A075B727, A0A075B728, A0A075B737, P16284

UniProt curated annotations — full annotation on UniProt →

Function. Cell adhesion molecule which is required for leukocyte transendothelial migration (TEM) under most inflammatory conditions. Tyr-690 plays a critical role in TEM and is required for efficient trafficking of PECAM1 to and from the lateral border recycling compartment (LBRC) and is also essential for the LBRC membrane to be targeted around migrating leukocytes. Trans-homophilic interaction may play a role in endothelial cell-cell adhesion via cell junctions. Heterophilic interaction with CD177 plays a role in transendothelial migration of neutrophils. Homophilic ligation of PECAM1 prevents macrophage-mediated phagocytosis of neighboring viable leukocytes by transmitting a detachment signal. Promotes macrophage-mediated phagocytosis of apoptotic leukocytes by tethering them to the phagocytic cells; PECAM1-mediated detachment signal appears to be disabled in apoptotic leukocytes. Modulates bradykinin receptor BDKRB2 activation. Regulates bradykinin- and hyperosmotic shock-induced ERK1/2 activation in endothelial cells. Induces susceptibility to atherosclerosis. Does not protect against apoptosis.

Subunit / interactions. Trans-homodimer (via Ig-like C2-type 1 and Ig-like C2-type 2 domains); trans-homodimerization is required for cell-cell interaction. Forms a complex with BDKRB2 and GNAQ. Interacts with BDKRB2 and GNAQ. Interacts with PTPN11; Tyr-713 is critical for PTPN11 recruitment. Interacts with FER. Interacts (via Ig-like C2-type domain 6) with CD177; the interaction is Ca(2+)-dependent; the interaction is direct.

Subcellular location. Cell membrane Cell membrane. Membrane raft. Cell junction Cell junction.

Tissue specificity. Expressed on platelets and leukocytes and is primarily concentrated at the borders between endothelial cells. Expressed in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) (at protein level). Expressed on neutrophils (at protein level). Isoform Long predominates in all tissues examined. Isoform Delta12 is detected only in trachea. Isoform Delta14-15 is only detected in lung. Isoform Delta14 is detected in all tissues examined with the strongest expression in heart. Isoform Delta15 is expressed in brain, testis, ovary, cell surface of platelets, human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), Jurkat T-cell leukemia, human erythroleukemia (HEL) and U-937 histiocytic lymphoma cell lines (at protein level).

Post-translational modifications. Phosphorylated on Ser and Tyr residues after cellular activation by src kinases. Upon activation, phosphorylated on Ser-729 which probably initiates the dissociation of the membrane-interaction segment (residues 709-729) from the cell membrane allowing the sequential phosphorylation of Tyr-713 and Tyr-690. Constitutively phosphorylated on Ser-734 in resting platelets. Phosphorylated on tyrosine residues by FER and FES in response to FCER1 activation. In endothelial cells Fyn mediates mechanical-force (stretch or pull) induced tyrosine phosphorylation. Palmitoylation by ZDHHC21 is necessary for cell surface expression in endothelial cells and enrichment in membrane rafts.

Domain organisation. The Ig-like C2-type domains 2 and 3 contribute to formation of the complex with BDKRB2 and in regulation of its activity.

Isoforms (6)

UniProt ID	Names	Canonical?
P16284-1	Long	yes
P16284-2	Delta12
P16284-3	Delta13
P16284-4	Delta14
P16284-5	Delta14-15
P16284-6	Delta15

RefSeq proteins (1): NP_000433* (*=MANE)

Domains & families (InterPro)

ID	Name	Type
IPR003598	Ig_sub2	Domain
IPR003599	Ig_sub	Domain
IPR007110	Ig-like_dom	Domain
IPR013783	Ig-like_fold	Homologous_superfamily
IPR036179	Ig-like_dom_sf	Homologous_superfamily
IPR040878	IL-40-like_Ig	Domain
IPR050488	Ig_Fc_receptor	Family

Pfam: PF13895, PF13927, PF17736

UniProt features (86 total): strand 17, mutagenesis site 11, glycosylation site 9, domain 6, disulfide bond 6, splice variant 6, sequence conflict 6, sequence variant 5, modified residue 4, region of interest 3, short sequence motif 2, compositionally biased region 2, topological domain 2, helix 2, signal peptide 1, chain 1, lipid moiety-binding region 1, transmembrane region 1, turn 1

Structure

Experimental structures (PDB)

3 structures.

PDB	Method	Resolution (Å)
5C14	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	2.8
5GNI	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	3.01
2KY5	SOLUTION NMR

Predicted structure (AlphaFold)

Model	pLDDT	Fraction very-high
AF-P16284-F1	80.55	0.57

Functional residue map

Curated UniProt residues grouped by drug-discovery relevance — catalytic, ligand-binding, modification, and mutation-validated positions. Source: UniProtKB sequence features.

Post-translational modifications (5): 690, 713, 729, 734, 622

Disulfide bonds (6): 57–109, 152–206, 256–304, 347–386, 431–476, 523–572

Glycosylation sites (9): 52, 84, 151, 301, 320, 344, 356, 453, 551

Mutagenesis-validated functional residues (11):

Position	Phenotype
52	probable loss of n-glycosylation. no effect on homophilic cell adhesion; when associated with q-84 and q-151.
74	reduced homophilic cell adhesion; when associated with e-112; e-188 and e-190.
84	probable loss of n-glycosylation. no effect on homophilic cell adhesion; when associated with q-52 and q-151.
89	lacks homophilic binding ability and is distributed over the entire plasma membrane.
112	reduced homophilic cell adhesion; when associated with e-74; e-188 and e-190.
151	probable loss of n-glycosylation. no effect on homophilic cell adhesion; when associated with q-52 and q-84.
188	reduced homophilic cell adhesion; when associated with e-74; e-112 and e-190.
190	reduced homophilic cell adhesion; when associated with e-74; e-112 and e-188.
622	6-fold decrease in association with membrane microdomains.
690	no effect on tyr-713 phosphorylation. inhibits targeted recycling of pecam1 from the lateral border recycling compartmen
713	loss of tyr-690 phosphorylation. does not inhibit targeted recycling of pecam1 from the lateral border recycling compart

Function

Pathways and Gene Ontology

Reactome pathways

7 pathways

ID	Pathway
R-HSA-114608	Platelet degranulation
R-HSA-202733	Cell surface interactions at the vascular wall
R-HSA-210990	PECAM1 interactions
R-HSA-216083	Integrin cell surface interactions
R-HSA-432142	Platelet sensitization by LDL
R-HSA-6798695	Neutrophil degranulation
R-HSA-9856530	High laminar flow shear stress activates signaling by PIEZO1 and PECAM1:CDH5:KDR in endothelial cells

MSigDB gene sets: 463 (showing top): GOBP_ENDOTHELIAL_CELL_DEVELOPMENT, MODULE_52, GOBP_EPITHELIUM_DEVELOPMENT, HORIUCHI_WTAP_TARGETS_DN, ZHAN_LATE_DIFFERENTIATION_GENES_UP, WALLACE_PROSTATE_CANCER_RACE_UP, REACTOME_INNATE_IMMUNE_SYSTEM, MCLACHLAN_DENTAL_CARIES_UP, GOBP_MYELOID_LEUKOCYTE_MIGRATION, GOBP_CIRCULATORY_SYSTEM_PROCESS, GOBP_EPITHELIAL_CELL_DEVELOPMENT, GOCC_SECRETORY_GRANULE, GOBP_CELLULAR_RESPONSE_TO_EXTERNAL_STIMULUS, REACTOME_PLATELET_ACTIVATION_SIGNALING_AND_AGGREGATION, MODULE_45

GO Biological Process (35): angiogenesis (GO:0001525), endothelial cell morphogenesis (GO:0001886), phagocytosis (GO:0006909), immune response (GO:0006955), homophilic cell-cell adhesion (GO:0007156), leukocyte cell-cell adhesion (GO:0007159), signal transduction (GO:0007165), cell surface receptor signaling pathway (GO:0007166), Rho protein signal transduction (GO:0007266), cell recognition (GO:0008037), positive regulation of cell migration (GO:0030335), maintenance of blood-brain barrier (GO:0035633), monocyte extravasation (GO:0035696), wound healing (GO:0042060), vasodilation (GO:0042311), positive regulation of MAPK cascade (GO:0043410), endothelial cell migration (GO:0043542), diapedesis (GO:0050904), detection of mechanical stimulus (GO:0050982), positive regulation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B signal transduction (GO:0051897), establishment of endothelial barrier (GO:0061028), bicellular tight junction assembly (GO:0070830), cellular response to mechanical stimulus (GO:0071260), glomerular endothelium development (GO:0072011), neutrophil extravasation (GO:0072672), endothelial cell-matrix adhesion (GO:0090673), cell-cell adhesion (GO:0098609), obsolete cell-cell adhesion via plasma-membrane adhesion molecules (GO:0098742), positive regulation of protein localization to cell-cell junction (GO:0150107), positive regulation of intracellular signal transduction (GO:1902533), blood vessel development (GO:0001568), endothelial cell development (GO:0001885), cell adhesion (GO:0007155), cell migration (GO:0016477), regulation of cell migration (GO:0030334)

GO Molecular Function (3): transmembrane signaling receptor activity (GO:0004888), protein homodimerization activity (GO:0042803), protein binding (GO:0005515)

GO Cellular Component (18): obsolete extracellular space (GO:0005615), nucleoplasm (GO:0005654), nucleolus (GO:0005730), cytosol (GO:0005829), plasma membrane (GO:0005886), cell-cell junction (GO:0005911), external side of plasma membrane (GO:0009897), smooth muscle contractile fiber (GO:0030485), secretory granule membrane (GO:0030667), platelet alpha granule membrane (GO:0031092), protein-containing complex (GO:0032991), cell-cell contact zone (GO:0044291), membrane raft (GO:0045121), extracellular exosome (GO:0070062), cytoplasm (GO:0005737), membrane (GO:0016020), anchoring junction (GO:0070161), cell periphery (GO:0071944)

Reactome top-level categories

Rollup of top-7 pathways:

Category	Pathways
Response to elevated platelet cytosolic Ca2+	1
Hemostasis	1
Cell surface interactions at the vascular wall	1
Extracellular matrix organization	1
Platelet homeostasis	1
Innate Immune System	1
Response of endothelial cells to shear stress	1

GO top-level categories

Rollup of top GO terms by namespace:

Category	Terms
cellular anatomical structure	5
cell-cell adhesion	2
cellular process	2
cell migration	2
cellular extravasation	2
positive regulation of intracellular signal transduction	2
nuclear lumen	2
blood vessel morphogenesis	1
anatomical structure formation involved in morphogenesis	1
endothelial cell development	1
epithelial cell morphogenesis	1
endocytosis	1
immune system process	1
response to stimulus	1
cell communication	1
signaling	1
regulation of cellular process	1
cellular response to stimulus	1
signal transduction	1
small GTPase-mediated signal transduction	1
regulation of cell migration	1
positive regulation of cell motility	1
tissue homeostasis	1
mononuclear cell migration	1
myeloid leukocyte migration	1
response to wounding	1
tissue regeneration	1
blood vessel diameter maintenance	1
MAPK cascade	1
regulation of MAPK cascade	1
leukocyte migration	1
detection of external stimulus	1
detection of abiotic stimulus	1
response to mechanical stimulus	1
phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B signal transduction	1
regulation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B signal transduction	1
signaling receptor activity	1
identical protein binding	1
protein dimerization activity	1
binding	1

Protein interactions and networks

STRING

5682 interactions, top by confidence (×1000):

Protein A	Protein B	Partner UniProt	Score
PECAM1	KDR	P35968	999
PECAM1	CDH5	P33151	999
PECAM1	CDH17	Q12864	995
PECAM1	CD38	P28907	992
PECAM1	CD177	Q8N6Q3	986
PECAM1	PTPN11	Q06124	973
PECAM1	CTNNB1	P35222	964
PECAM1	SELE	P16111	954
PECAM1	CD44	P16070	946
PECAM1	FLT4	P35916	938
PECAM1	F11R	Q9Y624	917
PECAM1	CD34	P28906	908
PECAM1	PTPRC	P08575	889
PECAM1	VWF	P04275	885
PECAM1	ENG	P17813	884

IntAct

281 interactions, top by confidence:

A	B	Type	Score
PECAM1	LGALS1	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.680
LGALS1	PECAM1	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.680
JUP	PECAM1	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.610
PECAM1	JUP	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.610
PECAM1	JUP	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.610
SRC	PECAM1	psi-mi:“MI:0407”(direct interaction)	0.590
AK2	PECAM1	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
BOK	PECAM1	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
MRPL49	PECAM1	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
CAMK2A	PECAM1	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
AP1S1	PECAM1	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
DNASE1L1	PECAM1	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
DXO	PECAM1	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
EYA3	PECAM1	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
FANCG	PECAM1	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
GFAP	PECAM1	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
IDH1	PECAM1	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
STT3A	PECAM1	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
LASP1	PECAM1	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
NEFL	PECAM1	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
CNOT3	PECAM1	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
	PECAM1	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
RPL37A	PECAM1	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
SKIL	PECAM1	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560

BioGRID (45): CTNNB1 (Co-localization), SRC (Affinity Capture-Western), PPP2R1A (Affinity Capture-Western), LGALS1 (Affinity Capture-MS), PECAM1 (Reconstituted Complex), PTPN11 (Reconstituted Complex), PTPN11 (Affinity Capture-Western), PIK3CG (Affinity Capture-Western), XRCC6 (Two-hybrid), PECAM1 (Affinity Capture-Western), PECAM1 (Affinity Capture-Western), PECAM1 (Affinity Capture-Western), PECAM1 (Affinity Capture-Western), PECAM1 (Affinity Capture-Western), CTNNB1 (Affinity Capture-Western)

ESM2 similar proteins: B7Z8K6, O02757, O35112, O46634, O46651, O70535, O95727, P01730, P01848, P01849, P01853, P01882, P03985, P03986, P06334, P06335, P06729, P0CF51, P0DSE1, P0DTU3, P10300, P16003, P16004, P16284, P20489, P23088, P23735, P31042, P31043, P42069, P42071, P42081, P42082, P42292, P42702, P46630, P51866, P79184, P79185, P97710

Diamond homologs: P16284, P51866, Q08481, Q3SWT0, Q95242

SIGNOR signaling

8 interactions.

A	Effect	B	Mechanism
NUP98-HOXA9	“down-regulates quantity by repression”	PECAM1	“transcriptional regulation”
FER	“up-regulates activity”	PECAM1	phosphorylation
FES	“up-regulates activity”	PECAM1	phosphorylation
PECAM1	“up-regulates activity”	CD38	binding
CSK	“up-regulates activity”	PECAM1	phosphorylation
LCK	“up-regulates activity”	PECAM1	phosphorylation

Disease & clinical

Clinical variants and AI predictions

ClinVar

3 variants total. Per-class counts are floors (≥ shown; pagination cap):

Classification	Count (floor)
Pathogenic	0
Likely pathogenic	0
Uncertain significance	0
Likely benign	0
Benign	3

Top pathogenic / likely-pathogenic (0)

SpliceAI

0 predictions. Top by Δscore:

AlphaMissense

4902 scored. Top likely-pathogenic:

Variant	Protein change	am_pathogenicity
17:64356323:C:G	C523S	0.997
17:64356324:A:T	C523S	0.997
17:64369950:C:G	C256S	0.997
17:64369951:A:G	C256R	0.997
17:64369951:A:T	C256S	0.997
17:64375287:C:G	C152S	0.997
17:64375288:A:T	C152S	0.997
17:64377883:C:G	C109S	0.997
17:64377884:A:T	C109S	0.997
17:64377890:A:C	Y107D	0.997
17:64356324:A:G	C523R	0.996
17:64363208:C:G	C386S	0.996
17:64363209:A:T	C386S	0.996
17:64369806:C:G	C304S	0.996
17:64369807:A:T	C304S	0.996
17:64375125:C:G	C206S	0.996
17:64375126:A:T	C206S	0.996
17:64377884:A:G	C109R	0.996
17:64356176:C:G	C572S	0.995
17:64356177:A:T	C572S	0.995
17:64369807:A:G	C304R	0.995
17:64375126:A:G	C206R	0.995
17:64375288:A:G	C152R	0.995
17:64378039:C:G	C57S	0.995
17:64378040:A:T	C57S	0.995
17:64360340:C:G	C431S	0.994
17:64360341:A:T	C431S	0.994
17:64363209:A:G	C386R	0.994
17:64363325:C:G	C347S	0.994
17:64363326:A:T	C347S	0.994

dbSNP variants (sampled 300 via entrez): RS1000014480 (17:64374139 G>T), RS1000054284 (17:64363635 G>T), RS1000072926 (17:64357273 C>A,T), RS1000165663 (17:64340036 A>C), RS1000236503 (17:64384689 C>A,T), RS1000305438 (17:64340323 A>G), RS1000322072 (17:64363344 C>T), RS1000376255 (17:64328464 T>C), RS1000440894 (17:64378961 C>T), RS1000450556 (17:64334615 T>C), RS1000503089 (17:64338788 A>T), RS1000570018 (17:64383446 G>A,T), RS1000662921 (17:64376891 G>A,T), RS1000732123 (17:64378681 G>T), RS1000741256 (17:64333085 G>A)

Disease associations

OMIM: gene MIM:173445 | disease phenotypes:

GenCC curated gene-disease

Mondo (0):

Orphanet (0):

HPO phenotypes

0 total (0 of 0 shown, HPO-id order):

GWAS associations

11 associations (top):

Study	Trait	p-value
GCST005195_119	Coronary artery disease	6.000000e-11
GCST005196_223	Coronary artery disease	8.000000e-11
GCST007096_2	Pulse pressure	8.000000e-07
GCST007099_147	Systolic blood pressure	3.000000e-09
GCST007269_128	Pulse pressure	3.000000e-08
GCST010479_44	Coronary artery disease	1.000000e-08
GCST010866_156	Coronary artery disease	1.000000e-14
GCST010867_17	Coronary artery disease	3.000000e-09
GCST011365_111	Myocardial infarction	2.000000e-07
GCST012297_4	Schizophrenia, bipolar disorder or major depressive disorder	1.000000e-06
GCST90000025_611	Appendicular lean mass	2.000000e-12

EFO canonical traits (3, from GWAS)

EFO ID	Trait name
EFO:0005763	pulse pressure measurement
EFO:0006335	systolic blood pressure
EFO:0004980	appendicular lean mass

Drugs & pharmacology

Drug and pharmacology data

Is drug target: no

PharmGKB: 1 entry (VIP=true, CPIC=false)

CTD chemical–gene interactions

86 total (human), top 30 by PubMed support.

Chemical	Actions (top 5)	PubMed papers
Arsenic Trioxide	increases expression, decreases reaction, increases reaction, affects cotreatment, decreases expression	4
(+)-JQ1 compound	decreases expression	3
titanium dioxide	decreases reaction, increases expression	2
Resveratrol	affects cotreatment, increases expression, decreases expression	2
Air Pollutants	increases expression, affects expression, increases abundance	2
Arsenic	affects expression, affects methylation	2
Aspirin	decreases expression	2
Curcumin	decreases reaction, increases expression, affects expression	2
Plant Extracts	affects cotreatment, increases expression, increases phosphorylation	2
Tobacco Smoke Pollution	affects expression, increases expression	2
Tretinoin	affects cotreatment, increases expression	2
Particulate Matter	increases abundance, increases expression, decreases reaction	2
caulerpin	decreases expression	1
(6,7-dimethoxyquinolin-4-yl)(5-methoxy-2,2-dimethyl-2H-chromen-6-yl)methyl acetate	decreases expression	1
napabucasin	decreases expression	1
EGPI-1 compound	decreases expression	1
lasiocarpine	decreases expression	1
triphenyl phosphate	affects expression	1
bisphenol A	increases expression	1
arsenite	affects binding, decreases reaction	1
sodium arsenite	affects expression	1
cobaltous chloride	decreases expression	1
methaneselenol	increases expression	1
nonylphenol	affects reaction, increases expression, decreases reaction	1
ochratoxin A	increases expression	1
andrographolide	decreases expression	1
lysophosphatidic acid	decreases reaction, increases expression, affects reaction	1
S-(1,2-dichlorovinyl)cysteine	affects cotreatment, decreases expression	1
destruxin B	decreases expression	1
3-methylquercetin	decreases expression	1

Cellosaurus cell lines

3 cell lines: 3 cancer cell line

First 10 cell lines (id-ordered, not curated):

Cellosaurus	Name	Category	Sex
CVCL_B8ME	Abcam HCT 116 PECAM1 KO	Cancer cell line	Male
CVCL_B9PK	Abcam A-549 PECAM1 KO	Cancer cell line	Male
CVCL_D2GW	Abcam MCF-7 PECAM1 KO	Cancer cell line	Female

Clinical trials (associated diseases)

0 trials via MONDO — disease-level, not drug-specific.