PFDN5

Summary

PFDN5 (prefoldin subunit 5, HGNC:8869) is a protein-coding gene on chromosome 12q13.13, encoding Prefoldin subunit 5 (Q99471). Binds specifically to cytosolic chaperonin (c-CPN) and transfers target proteins to it. It is a selective cancer dependency (DepMap: 78.1% of cell lines).

This gene encodes a member of the prefoldin alpha subunit family. The encoded protein is one of six subunits of prefoldin, a molecular chaperone complex that binds and stabilizes newly synthesized polypeptides, thereby allowing them to fold correctly. The complex, consisting of two alpha and four beta subunits, forms a double beta barrel assembly with six protruding coiled-coils. The encoded protein may also repress the transcriptional activity of the proto-oncogene c-Myc. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been described.

Source: NCBI Gene 5204 — RefSeq curated summary.

At a glance

• Clinical variants (ClinVar): 9 total
• Cancer dependency (DepMap): dependent in 78.1% of screened cell lines
• MANE Select transcript: NM_002624

Identifiers

Gene identifiers

Field	Value
HGNC ID	HGNC:8869
Approved symbol	PFDN5
Name	prefoldin subunit 5
Location	12q13.13
Locus type	gene with protein product
Status	Approved
Aliases	PFD5, MM-1
Ensembl gene	ENSG00000123349
Ensembl biotype	protein_coding
OMIM	604899
Entrez	5204

Gene structure

Transcript identifiers

Ensembl transcripts: 28 — 16 retained_intron, 9 protein_coding, 3 nonsense_mediated_decay

ENST00000243040, ENST00000334478, ENST00000351500, ENST00000547130, ENST00000547228, ENST00000548984, ENST00000549759, ENST00000549995, ENST00000550069, ENST00000550513, ENST00000550846, ENST00000550880, ENST00000550964, ENST00000551018, ENST00000551223, ENST00000552341, ENST00000552548, ENST00000552742, ENST00000553171, ENST00000628881, ENST00000676468, ENST00000677184, ENST00000677199, ENST00000677326, ENST00000677712, ENST00000678256, ENST00000678284, ENST00000935332

RefSeq mRNA: 2 — MANE Select: NM_002624 NM_002624, NM_145897

CCDS: CCDS8853, CCDS8854

Canonical transcript exons

ENST00000334478 — 6 exons

Exon	Start	End
ENSE00000838249	53296244	53296275
ENSE00003481121	53299269	53299450
ENSE00003526800	53295542	53295639
ENSE00003561223	53298045	53298150
ENSE00003570076	53295839	53295941
ENSE00003609680	53297850	53297924

Expression profiles

Bgee: expression breadth ubiquitous, 147 present calls, max score 99.71.

FANTOM5 (CAGE): breadth ubiquitous, TPM avg 291.8818 / max 2953.2634, expressed in 1827 samples.

FANTOM5 promoters (2 alternative TSS)

Promoter ID	TPM avg	Samples expressed
125736	291.1618	1827
125737	0.7200	445

Top tissues by expression

147 total, by Bgee expression score (0-100, higher = more expressed):

Tissue	Anatomy ID	Expression score	Quality
pituitary gland	UBERON:0000007	99.71	gold quality
adenohypophysis	UBERON:0002196	99.71	gold quality
granulocyte	CL:0000094	99.69	gold quality
left testis	UBERON:0004533	99.69	gold quality
endocervix	UBERON:0000458	99.68	gold quality
amygdala	UBERON:0001876	99.68	gold quality
nucleus accumbens	UBERON:0001882	99.68	gold quality
hypothalamus	UBERON:0001898	99.68	gold quality
right testis	UBERON:0004534	99.68	gold quality
monocyte	CL:0000576	99.67	gold quality
leukocyte	CL:0000738	99.67	gold quality
right uterine tube	UBERON:0001302	99.67	gold quality
substantia nigra	UBERON:0002038	99.67	gold quality
left ovary	UBERON:0002119	99.67	gold quality
calcaneal tendon	UBERON:0003701	99.67	gold quality
ovary	UBERON:0000992	99.66	gold quality
left lobe of thyroid gland	UBERON:0001120	99.66	gold quality
temporal lobe	UBERON:0001871	99.66	gold quality
putamen	UBERON:0001874	99.66	gold quality
thyroid gland	UBERON:0002046	99.66	gold quality
C1 segment of cervical spinal cord	UBERON:0006469	99.66	gold quality
right lobe of thyroid gland	UBERON:0001119	99.65	gold quality
caudate nucleus	UBERON:0001873	99.64	gold quality
Ammon’s horn	UBERON:0001954	99.64	gold quality
olfactory segment of nasal mucosa	UBERON:0005386	99.64	gold quality
right ovary	UBERON:0002118	99.63	gold quality
corpus callosum	UBERON:0002336	99.63	gold quality
prostate gland	UBERON:0002367	99.62	gold quality
fallopian tube	UBERON:0003889	99.62	gold quality
body of uterus	UBERON:0009853	99.62	gold quality

Single-cell (SCXA)

Detected in 16 experiment(s), a significant marker in 4.

Experiment	Marker?	Max mean expression
E-CURD-88	yes	52.69
E-HCAD-9	yes	29.55
E-MTAB-10042	yes	12.14
E-CURD-89	no	1229.67
E-MTAB-8205	no	1199.89
E-MTAB-7381	no	797.47
E-CURD-53	no	666.89
E-HCAD-4	no	215.36
E-HCAD-1	no	78.12
E-HCAD-8	no	50.67
E-MTAB-6701	no	35.30
E-MTAB-9467	no	30.21
E-CURD-46	no	26.71
E-MTAB-8410	no	12.15
E-GEOD-125970	no	6.23

Regulation

Is transcription factor: no

miRNA regulators (miRDB)

3 targeting PFDN5, top 30 by miRDB confidence (max_score; target_count = how many genes the miRNA targets in total — lower means more specific):

miRNA	Max score	Avg score	miRNA target_count
HSA-MIR-4729	99.69	72.18	4233
HSA-MIR-3189-5P	97.55	66.71	655
HSA-MIR-1913	97.07	66.20	1417

Functional genomics

DepMap (CRISPR cell-line fitness): dependent in 78.1% of screened cell lines.

Literature-anchored findings (GeneRIF, showing 9)

• Physical interaction of p73 with c-Myc and MM1, a c-Myc-binding protein, and modulation of the p73 function. (PMID:11844794)
• MM-1alpha, MM-1gamma, and MM-1gamma, but not MM-1beta, were found to repress transcription activity of c-Myc (PMID:16173081)
• Wnt4 gene, a member of the Wnt-beta-catenin pathway, was identified as a target gene of MM-1. (PMID:18281035)
• MM-1, a c-Myc interacting protein, interacts with HCV ARFP/F protein, which can result in the enhancement of the c-Myc activity. (PMID:18398700)
• Rabring7 stimulates c-Myc degradation via mono-ubiquitination of MM-1 (PMID:22844532)
• knockdown of PFD2 and PFD5 disrupted prefoldin formation in HTT-expressing cells, resulting in accumulation of aggregates of a pathogenic form of HTT and in induction of cell death. (PMID:23720755)
• Results from a study on gene expression variability markers in early-stage human embryos shows that PFDN5 is a putative expression variability marker for the 3-day, 8-cell embryo stage. (PMID:26288249)
• Lysine demethylase 5C inhibits transcription of prefoldin subunit 5 to activate c-Myc signal transduction and colorectal cancer progression. (PMID:38216914)
• PFDN5 plays a dual role in breast cancer and regulates tumor immune microenvironment: Insights from integrated bioinformatics analysis and experimental validation. (PMID:39396557)

Cross-species orthologs

5 orthologs

Organism	Symbol	Gene ID
danio_rerio	pfdn5	ENSDARG00000035043
mus_musculus	Pfdn5	ENSMUSG00000001289
rattus_norvegicus	Pfdn5	ENSRNOG00000012985
drosophila_melanogaster	Pfdn5	FBGN0038976
caenorhabditis_elegans		WBGENE00020112

Protein

Protein identifiers

Prefoldin subunit 5 — Q99471 (reviewed: Q99471)

Alternative names: Myc modulator 1, c-Myc-binding protein Mm-1

All UniProt accessions (7): A0A0D9SFR8, A0A7I2V5H9, Q99471, F8VNW6, F8VQZ2, H3BMQ1, H3BPF6

UniProt curated annotations — full annotation on UniProt →

Function. Binds specifically to cytosolic chaperonin (c-CPN) and transfers target proteins to it. Binds to nascent polypeptide chain and promotes folding in an environment in which there are many competing pathways for nonnative proteins. Represses the transcriptional activity of MYC.

Subunit / interactions. Heterohexamer of two PFD-alpha type and four PFD-beta type subunits. Binds to MYC; interacts with its N-terminal domain.

Subcellular location. Nucleus Cytoplasm Nucleus.

Tissue specificity. Highly expressed in pancreas and skeletal muscle and moderately in other tissues.

Miscellaneous. Does not repress transcription activity of MYC.

Similarity. Belongs to the prefoldin subunit alpha family.

Isoforms (3)

UniProt ID	Names	Canonical?
Q99471-1	1, MM1-alpha	yes
Q99471-2	2, MM1-beta
Q99471-3	3, MM1-gamma

RefSeq proteins (2): NP_002615, NP_665904 (=MANE)

Domains & families (InterPro)

ID	Name	Type
IPR004127	Prefoldin_subunit_alpha	Family
IPR009053	Prefoldin	Homologous_superfamily
IPR011599	PFD_alpha_archaea	Family

Pfam: PF02996

UniProt features (7 total): modified residue 3, splice variant 2, initiator methionine 1, chain 1

Structure

Experimental structures (PDB)

6 structures.

PDB	Method	Resolution (Å)
7WU7	ELECTRON MICROSCOPY	3.85
6NR8	ELECTRON MICROSCOPY	7.8
6NRD	ELECTRON MICROSCOPY	8.2
6NRC	ELECTRON MICROSCOPY	8.3
6NR9	ELECTRON MICROSCOPY	8.5
6NRB	ELECTRON MICROSCOPY	8.7

Predicted structure (AlphaFold)

Model	pLDDT	Fraction very-high
AF-Q99471-F1	92.45	0.85

Functional residue map

Curated UniProt residues grouped by drug-discovery relevance — catalytic, ligand-binding, modification, and mutation-validated positions. Source: UniProtKB sequence features.

Post-translational modifications (3): 2, 42, 56

Function

Pathways and Gene Ontology

Reactome pathways

1 pathways

ID	Pathway
R-HSA-389957	Prefoldin mediated transfer of substrate to CCT/TriC

MSigDB gene sets: 187 (showing top): ENK_UV_RESPONSE_KERATINOCYTE_UP, STARK_PREFRONTAL_CORTEX_22Q11_DELETION_DN, GRAESSMANN_APOPTOSIS_BY_SERUM_DEPRIVATION_UP, GRAESSMANN_RESPONSE_TO_MC_AND_SERUM_DEPRIVATION_UP, HSIAO_HOUSEKEEPING_GENES, GOBP_REGULATION_OF_WNT_SIGNALING_PATHWAY, GOBP_NEGATIVE_REGULATION_OF_CELLULAR_COMPONENT_ORGANIZATION, GOBP_PROTEIN_MATURATION, GOBP_CANONICAL_WNT_SIGNALING_PATHWAY, GOBP_PROTEIN_STABILIZATION, GOBP_PROTEIN_FOLDING, GOBP_REGULATION_OF_PROTEIN_STABILITY, GOBP_NEGATIVE_REGULATION_OF_PROTEIN_METABOLIC_PROCESS, AFFAR_YY1_TARGETS_DN, GOBP_SENSORY_ORGAN_DEVELOPMENT

GO Biological Process (9): regulation of DNA-templated transcription (GO:0006355), protein folding (GO:0006457), negative regulation of DNA-templated transcription (GO:0045892), retina development in camera-type eye (GO:0060041), negative regulation of canonical Wnt signaling pathway (GO:0090090), negative regulation of amyloid fibril formation (GO:1905907), RNA polymerase I assembly (GO:1990113), RNA polymerase II core complex assembly (GO:1990114), RNA polymerase III assembly (GO:1990115)

GO Molecular Function (4): amyloid-beta binding (GO:0001540), transcription corepressor activity (GO:0003714), obsolete unfolded protein binding (GO:0051082), protein binding (GO:0005515)

GO Cellular Component (6): nucleus (GO:0005634), cytoplasm (GO:0005737), cytosol (GO:0005829), prefoldin complex (GO:0016272), intermediate filament cytoskeleton (GO:0045111), protein-containing complex (GO:0032991)

Reactome top-level categories

Rollup of top-1 pathways:

Category	Pathways
Cooperation of Prefoldin and TriC/CCT in actin and tubulin folding	1

GO top-level categories

Rollup of top GO terms by namespace:

Category	Terms
protein-containing complex assembly	3
DNA-templated transcription	2
cellular anatomical structure	2
regulation of gene expression	1
regulation of RNA biosynthetic process	1
cellular process	1
protein maturation	1
regulation of DNA-templated transcription	1
negative regulation of RNA biosynthetic process	1
camera-type eye development	1
anatomical structure development	1
negative regulation of Wnt signaling pathway	1
canonical Wnt signaling pathway	1
regulation of canonical Wnt signaling pathway	1
negative regulation of protein metabolic process	1
negative regulation of supramolecular fiber organization	1
regulation of amyloid fibril formation	1
amyloid fibril formation	1
peptide binding	1
transcription coregulator activity	1
negative regulation of DNA-templated transcription	1
binding	1
intracellular membrane-bounded organelle	1
intracellular anatomical structure	1
cytoplasm	1
protein-containing complex	1
cytoskeleton	1
cellular_component	1

Protein interactions and networks

STRING

2251 interactions, top by confidence (×1000):

Protein A	Protein B	Partner UniProt	Score
PFDN5	VBP1	P61758	988
PFDN5	PFDN4	Q9NQP4	987
PFDN5	PFDN6	O15212	984
PFDN5	PFDN1	O60925	980
PFDN5	PFDN2	Q9UHV9	912
PFDN5	MYC	P01106	781
PFDN5	UXT	Q9UBK9	753
PFDN5	TCP1	P17987	657
PFDN5	PDRG1	Q9NUG6	601
PFDN5	MYG1	Q9HB07	590
PFDN5	SLC61A1	Q6N075	560
PFDN5	URI1	O94763	540
PFDN5	CCT7	Q99832	536
PFDN5	CSTPP1	Q9H6J7	524
PFDN5	LCA5L	O95447	497

IntAct

485 interactions, top by confidence:

A	B	Type	Score
IKZF3	PFDN5	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.780
PFDN5	IKZF3	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.780
PFDN4	PFDN6	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.730
DDB2	CCT2	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.730
PSME3	PFDN5	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.720
PFDN5	PSME3	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.720
PFDN5	vIRF-3	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.680
vIRF-3	PFDN5	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.680
vIRF-3	PFDN5	psi-mi:“MI:0407”(direct interaction)	0.680
PFDN5	vIRF-3	psi-mi:“MI:0407”(direct interaction)	0.680
PFDN5	CALCOCO2	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.670
VBP1	PFDN6	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.640
GLRX3	PFDN5	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
PFDN5	GLRX3	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
BHLHE40	PFDN5	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
	PFDN5	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
PFDN5	FAM110A	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
NTAQ1	PFDN5	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
PFDN5	SCNM1	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
GNB2	PFDN6	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530

BioGRID (432): PFDN5 (Affinity Capture-MS), PSME3 (Two-hybrid), CALCOCO2 (Two-hybrid), GLRX3 (Two-hybrid), IKZF3 (Two-hybrid), PFDN5 (Affinity Capture-MS), PFDN5 (Affinity Capture-MS), PFDN5 (Affinity Capture-MS), PFDN5 (Affinity Capture-MS), PFDN5 (Affinity Capture-MS), FLNA (Co-fractionation), GFPT1 (Co-fractionation), PFDN5 (Co-fractionation), PFDN5 (Co-fractionation), PFDN5 (Co-fractionation)

ESM2 similar proteins: A7T0W1, A8WVJ9, A8X0Z1, A8XPL7, A8Y197, O14334, O14450, O15212, O18054, O94307, P40005, P48363, P52553, P52554, P57741, P57742, P61758, P61759, Q03958, Q04493, Q10143, Q12ZJ7, Q17435, Q17827, Q17Q89, Q21993, Q2HIK4, Q2TBR6, Q2TBX2, Q54JS0, Q54LS2, Q54V55, Q55GN3, Q5RAY0, Q5RCG9, Q5TJE6, Q61SU8, Q8HYI9, Q8I3Y6, Q99471

Diamond homologs: A8XPL7, O94307, P57742, Q04493, Q21993, Q54V55, Q5RAY0, Q8HYI9, Q99471, Q9VCZ8, Q9WU28, A0B9G1, A1RXA9, Q0W5H4, O58263, Q5JIE3, Q8U3T0, Q8PYQ1, A5UL29, B0R7X6, B6YWD9, B9LUU4, O66961, Q12ZJ7, Q18EV0, Q2NGQ5, Q3IUJ7, Q46F99, Q58362, Q5JE63, Q5UY26, Q8TIN6, Q8TUY7, Q9HMN2, Q54ND3, A0RUF1, A2STI6, A3CWZ2, A6UQB4, A6UWR8

SIGNOR signaling

1 interactions.

A	Effect	B	Mechanism
PFDN5	“form complex”	“Prefoldin co-chaperone”	binding

Enriched among interaction partners

Reactome pathways and GO biological processes over-represented among this gene’s 139 IntAct physical interaction partners (hypergeometric vs the genome-wide background, BH-FDR, gene-set size 15–500, ranked by fold). A functional readout of the neighbourhood — distinct from this gene’s own memberships above, and biased toward well-studied / hub proteins, so read it as themes rather than proof.

Reactome pathways:

Pathway	Partners	Fold	FDR
Prefoldin mediated transfer of substrate to CCT/TriC	7	40.0×	1e-07

Disease & clinical

Clinical variants and AI predictions

ClinVar

9 variants total. Per-class counts are floors (≥ shown; pagination cap):

Classification	Count (floor)
Pathogenic	0
Likely pathogenic	0
Uncertain significance	4
Likely benign	0
Benign	0

Top pathogenic / likely-pathogenic (0)

SpliceAI

659 predictions. Top by Δscore:

Variant	Effect	Δscore
12:53295940:GG:G	donor_gain	1.0000
12:53295941:GG:G	donor_gain	1.0000
12:53297849:GAT:G	acceptor_gain	1.0000
12:53297926:T:A	donor_loss	1.0000
12:53298040:T:A	acceptor_gain	1.0000
12:53298041:GTAG:G	acceptor_loss	1.0000
12:53298043:A:AG	acceptor_gain	1.0000
12:53298044:G:GA	acceptor_gain	1.0000
12:53298044:GA:G	acceptor_gain	1.0000
12:53298044:GAC:G	acceptor_gain	1.0000
12:53298044:GACA:G	acceptor_gain	1.0000
12:53298146:ACAGG:A	donor_gain	1.0000
12:53298147:CAGG:C	donor_gain	1.0000
12:53298147:CAGGG:C	donor_loss	1.0000
12:53298148:AGG:A	donor_gain	1.0000
12:53298149:GG:G	donor_gain	1.0000
12:53298149:GGG:G	donor_gain	1.0000
12:53298150:GG:G	donor_gain	1.0000
12:53298151:G:GG	donor_gain	1.0000
12:53298151:G:T	donor_gain	1.0000
12:53298151:GTA:G	donor_loss	1.0000
12:53299267:A:AG	acceptor_gain	1.0000
12:53299268:G:GC	acceptor_gain	1.0000
12:53299268:GCC:G	acceptor_gain	1.0000
12:53295635:ACCAG:A	donor_loss	0.9900
12:53295636:CCAGG:C	donor_loss	0.9900
12:53295637:CAGGT:C	donor_loss	0.9900
12:53295638:AG:A	donor_loss	0.9900
12:53295639:GG:G	donor_loss	0.9900
12:53295640:GTG:G	donor_loss	0.9900

AlphaMissense

1026 scored. Top likely-pathogenic:

Variant	Protein change	am_pathogenicity
12:53296259:T:A	V64D	1.000
12:53297857:T:A	V72D	1.000
12:53297901:G:A	G87R	1.000
12:53297901:G:C	G87R	1.000
12:53297902:G:A	G87E	1.000
12:53297902:G:T	G87V	1.000
12:53295611:T:C	L15P	0.999
12:53295620:T:C	L18P	0.999
12:53295632:T:C	L22P	0.999
12:53295860:T:C	S32P	0.999
12:53295873:T:C	L36P	0.999
12:53295902:G:C	A46P	0.999
12:53296265:T:C	L66P	0.999
12:53297862:G:A	G74R	0.999
12:53297862:G:C	G74R	0.999
12:53297862:G:T	G74W	0.999
12:53297863:G:A	G74E	0.999
12:53298057:G:C	A99P	0.999
12:53298058:C:A	A99D	0.999
12:53298080:G:C	K106N	0.999
12:53298080:G:T	K106N	0.999
12:53298091:T:C	L110P	0.999
12:53298124:T:C	L121P	0.999
12:53299272:T:A	V131D	0.999
12:53295885:A:C	Q40P	0.998
12:53296262:C:A	P65Q	0.998
12:53297890:T:C	L83P	0.998
12:53297899:T:A	V86E	0.998
12:53297902:G:C	G87A	0.998
12:53297907:G:T	G89W	0.998

dbSNP variants (sampled 300 via entrez): RS1000658582 (12:53299549 T>C), RS1000872246 (12:53297837 T>C), RS1001310089 (12:53294360 C>T), RS1001886505 (12:53293652 A>T), RS1002146273 (12:53299013 G>C), RS1002159135 (12:53298887 G>A), RS1002540669 (12:53296417 T>C), RS1002591722 (12:53296191 T>A), RS1003212322 (12:53297895 G>A), RS1003286789 (12:53299148 A>G), RS1004252513 (12:53294684 G>A), RS1004415213 (12:53299884 G>A,T), RS1004668312 (12:53294435 A>C), RS1006339538 (12:53296121 A>C,G), RS1006609964 (12:53298433 C>A,T)

Disease associations

OMIM: gene MIM:604899 | disease phenotypes:

GenCC curated gene-disease

Mondo (0):

Orphanet (0):

HPO phenotypes

0 total (0 of 0 shown, HPO-id order):

GWAS associations

0 associations (top):

Drugs & pharmacology

Drug and pharmacology data

Is drug target: no

PharmGKB: 1 entry (VIP=true, CPIC=false)

CTD chemical–gene interactions

34 total (human), top 30 by PubMed support.

Chemical	Actions (top 5)	PubMed papers
sodium arsenite	affects cotreatment, increases abundance, increases expression, decreases expression	3
bisphenol A	affects expression, increases expression	2
Arsenic	increases expression, decreases expression, affects methylation, affects cotreatment, increases abundance	2
Benzo(a)pyrene	increases methylation, decreases expression	2
Valproic Acid	affects expression, decreases expression	2
dicrotophos	decreases expression	1
biochanin A	decreases expression	1
triphenyl phosphate	affects expression	1
methylselenic acid	decreases expression	1
arsenite	affects binding, increases reaction	1
methylparaben	decreases expression	1
chloropicrin	affects expression	1
4-(5-benzo(1,3)dioxol-5-yl-4-pyridin-2-yl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)benzamide	affects cotreatment, increases expression	1
bisphenol B	increases expression	1
bisphenol S	decreases methylation	1
LDN 193189	affects cotreatment, increases expression	1
(+)-JQ1 compound	decreases expression	1
Ethanol	decreases expression	1
Atrazine	decreases expression	1
Calcitriol	increases expression	1
Carbon Tetrachloride	decreases expression	1
Cisplatin	affects expression, affects reaction	1
Doxorubicin	increases expression	1
Estradiol	decreases expression	1
Folic Acid	affects expression, affects reaction	1
Hydrogen Peroxide	increases expression	1
Ivermectin	decreases expression	1
Ouabain	affects expression	1
Tobacco Smoke Pollution	affects expression	1
Vitamin E	increases expression	1

Clinical trials (associated diseases)

0 trials via MONDO — disease-level, not drug-specific.