PGS1

Summary

PGS1 (phosphatidylglycerophosphate synthase 1, HGNC:30029) is a protein-coding gene on chromosome 17q25.3, encoding CDP-diacylglycerol–glycerol-3-phosphate 3-phosphatidyltransferase, mitochondrial (Q32NB8). Functions in the biosynthesis of the anionic phospholipids phosphatidylglycerol and cardiolipin. It is a selective cancer dependency (DepMap: 86.3% of cell lines).

Predicted to enable CDP-diacylglycerol-glycerol-3-phosphate 3-phosphatidyltransferase activity and calcium ion binding activity. Predicted to be involved in cardiolipin biosynthetic process and diacylglycerol metabolic process. Located in endoplasmic reticulum. Is active in mitochondrion.

Source: NCBI Gene 9489 — RefSeq curated summary.

At a glance

• GWAS associations: 49
• Clinical variants (ClinVar): 107 total
• Cancer dependency (DepMap): dependent in 86.3% of screened cell lines
• MANE Select transcript: NM_024419

Identifiers

Gene identifiers

Field	Value
HGNC ID	HGNC:30029
Approved symbol	PGS1
Name	phosphatidylglycerophosphate synthase 1
Location	17q25.3
Locus type	gene with protein product
Status	Approved
Aliases	DKFZP762M186
Ensembl gene	ENSG00000087157
Ensembl biotype	protein_coding
OMIM	614942
Entrez	9489

Gene structure

Transcript identifiers

Ensembl transcripts: 23 — 14 protein_coding, 4 protein_coding_CDS_not_defined, 4 nonsense_mediated_decay, 1 retained_intron

ENST00000262764, ENST00000585521, ENST00000586019, ENST00000586325, ENST00000586355, ENST00000586510, ENST00000586880, ENST00000587356, ENST00000588169, ENST00000588281, ENST00000589425, ENST00000589426, ENST00000589689, ENST00000591996, ENST00000592043, ENST00000890418, ENST00000890419, ENST00000890420, ENST00000890421, ENST00000890422, ENST00000920347, ENST00000920348, ENST00000945009

RefSeq mRNA: 1 — MANE Select: NM_024419 NM_024419

CCDS: CCDS42391

Canonical transcript exons

ENST00000262764 — 10 exons

Exon	Start	End
ENSE00003495667	78419546	78419675
ENSE00003536216	78399348	78399537
ENSE00003612952	78400677	78400855
ENSE00003679663	78414879	78415027
ENSE00003679779	78403568	78404089
ENSE00003695812	78396308	78396385
ENSE00003696302	78398252	78398351
ENSE00003697568	78378649	78378808
ENSE00003700923	78392476	78392665
ENSE00003843197	78424061	78424659

Expression profiles

Bgee: expression breadth ubiquitous, 242 present calls, max score 95.19.

FANTOM5 (CAGE): breadth ubiquitous, TPM avg 26.7079 / max 359.7862, expressed in 1812 samples.

FANTOM5 promoters (2 alternative TSS)

Promoter ID	TPM avg	Samples expressed
163079	26.5643	1812
163105	0.1436	66

Top tissues by expression

273 total, by Bgee expression score (0-100, higher = more expressed):

Tissue	Anatomy ID	Expression score	Quality
blood	UBERON:0000178	95.19	gold quality
right lung	UBERON:0002167	94.04	gold quality
upper lobe of left lung	UBERON:0008952	94.01	gold quality
spleen	UBERON:0002106	93.04	gold quality
upper lobe of lung	UBERON:0008948	93.04	gold quality
monocyte	CL:0000576	92.08	gold quality
sural nerve	UBERON:0015488	91.75	gold quality
mononuclear cell	CL:0000842	91.74	gold quality
leukocyte	CL:0000738	91.41	gold quality
lymph node	UBERON:0000029	91.24	gold quality
right lobe of thyroid gland	UBERON:0001119	91.17	gold quality
stromal cell of endometrium	CL:0002255	91.09	gold quality
granulocyte	CL:0000094	91.01	gold quality
left lobe of thyroid gland	UBERON:0001120	90.92	gold quality
left uterine tube	UBERON:0001303	90.89	gold quality
omental fat pad	UBERON:0010414	90.89	gold quality
peritoneum	UBERON:0002358	90.87	gold quality
metanephros cortex	UBERON:0010533	90.68	gold quality
endocervix	UBERON:0000458	90.65	gold quality
body of uterus	UBERON:0009853	90.61	gold quality
vermiform appendix	UBERON:0001154	90.45	gold quality
thyroid gland	UBERON:0002046	90.33	gold quality
lower esophagus muscularis layer	UBERON:0035833	90.30	gold quality
lower esophagus	UBERON:0013473	90.27	gold quality
adipose tissue of abdominal region	UBERON:0007808	90.19	gold quality
right ovary	UBERON:0002118	90.03	gold quality
caecum	UBERON:0001153	89.95	gold quality
gall bladder	UBERON:0002110	89.94	gold quality
tibial nerve	UBERON:0001323	89.84	gold quality
small intestine Peyer’s patch	UBERON:0003454	89.84	gold quality

Single-cell (SCXA)

Detected in 1 experiment(s), a significant marker in 1.

Experiment	Marker?	Max mean expression
E-ANND-3	yes	15.72

Regulation

Is transcription factor: no

miRNA regulators (miRDB)

48 targeting PGS1, top 30 by miRDB confidence (max_score; target_count = how many genes the miRNA targets in total — lower means more specific):

miRNA	Max score	Avg score	miRNA target_count
HSA-MIR-4283	100.00	66.42	2097
HSA-MIR-4789-3P	99.99	70.75	2484
HSA-MIR-8068	99.98	73.85	2376
HSA-MIR-548AN	99.97	70.91	2817
HSA-MIR-205-3P	99.92	69.92	3165
HSA-MIR-3941	99.86	70.54	2735
HSA-MIR-323A-3P	99.79	70.30	1739
HSA-MIR-466	99.67	70.85	2863
HSA-MIR-4753-5P	99.54	68.51	1356
HSA-MIR-4672	99.50	71.58	2893
HSA-MIR-6727-3P	99.49	65.92	1333
HSA-MIR-3171	99.49	69.06	776
HSA-MIR-4643	99.49	67.63	1791
HSA-MIR-1324	99.46	66.57	1302
HSA-MIR-6722-3P	99.45	67.62	1919
HSA-MIR-4722-3P	99.35	65.22	1099
HSA-MIR-1912-3P	99.32	67.40	936
HSA-MIR-122B-3P	99.21	68.90	1333
HSA-MIR-21-3P	99.21	68.95	1312
HSA-MIR-146A-3P	99.13	68.99	1881
HSA-MIR-4478	99.07	65.16	2320
HSA-MIR-1909-3P	99.03	66.56	1662
HSA-MIR-181A-2-3P	98.91	67.60	1168
HSA-MIR-4716-5P	98.82	68.57	1168
HSA-MIR-3074-5P	98.82	66.56	1414
HSA-MIR-760	98.81	66.65	1392
HSA-MIR-3922-5P	98.77	66.53	1059
HSA-MIR-6811-3P	98.62	66.54	944
HSA-MIR-4274	98.59	66.10	630
HSA-MIR-4252	98.45	66.37	987

Functional genomics

DepMap (CRISPR cell-line fitness): dependent in 86.3% of screened cell lines.

Cross-species orthologs

5 orthologs

Organism	Symbol	Gene ID
danio_rerio	pgs1	ENSDARG00000075857
mus_musculus	Pgs1	ENSMUSG00000017715
rattus_norvegicus	Pgs1	ENSRNOG00000002949
drosophila_melanogaster	PGS1	FBGN0038649
caenorhabditis_elegans	pgs-1	WBGENE00021677

Protein

Protein identifiers

CDP-diacylglycerol–glycerol-3-phosphate 3-phosphatidyltransferase, mitochondrial — Q32NB8 (reviewed: Q32NB8)

Alternative names: Phosphatidylglycerophosphate synthase 1

All UniProt accessions (8): Q32NB8, K7EJP6, K7EL44, K7ELT9, K7EPX0, K7EQ89, K7EQF5, U3KQD9

UniProt curated annotations — full annotation on UniProt →

Function. Functions in the biosynthesis of the anionic phospholipids phosphatidylglycerol and cardiolipin.

Subcellular location. Mitochondrion.

Activity regulation. Activated by calcium and magnesium and inhibited by other bivalent cations.

Pathway. Phospholipid metabolism; phosphatidylglycerol biosynthesis; phosphatidylglycerol from CDP-diacylglycerol: step 1/2.

Similarity. Belongs to the CDP-alcohol phosphatidyltransferase class-II family.

Isoforms (4)

UniProt ID	Names	Canonical?
Q32NB8-1	1	yes
Q32NB8-2	2
Q32NB8-3	3
Q32NB8-4	4

RefSeq proteins (1): NP_077733* (*=MANE)

Domains & families (InterPro)

ID	Name	Type
IPR001736	PLipase_D/transphosphatidylase	Domain
IPR016270	PGS1	Family

Enzyme classification (BRENDA):

• EC 2.7.8.5 — CDP-diacylglycerol-glycerol-3-phosphate 1-phosphatidyltransferase (BRENDA: 19 organisms, 23 substrates, 20 inhibitors, 26 Km, 0 kcat entries)

Substrate kinetics (BRENDA)

8 substrates with measured Km, best-characterized 8. Km ranges are aggregated across organisms/conditions.

Substrate	Km (mM)	Measurements
CDP-DIACYLGLYCEROL	0.012–0.288	9
GLYCEROL 3-PHOSPHATE	0.02–0.17	6
SN-GLYCEROL 3-PHOSPHATE	0.1–0.32	4
DCDP-DIACYLGLYCEROL	0.034	2
(D)CDP-DIACYLGLYCEROL	0.04	1
CMP	0.19	1
DL-2-HEXADECOXY-3-OCTADECOXYPROPYLPHOSPHONYL-O-(	0.08	1
DL-3,4-DIOCTADECOXYBUTYLPHOSPHONYL-O-(CYTIDINE 5	0.06	1

Catalyzed reactions (Rhea), 1 shown:

• a CDP-1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol + sn-glycerol 3-phosphate = a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1’-sn-glycero-3’-phosphate) + CMP + H(+) (RHEA:12593)

UniProt features (16 total): splice variant 7, active site 3, domain 2, transit peptide 1, chain 1, binding site 1, modified residue 1

Structure

Experimental structures (PDB)

0 structures.

Predicted structure (AlphaFold)

Model	pLDDT	Fraction very-high
AF-Q32NB8-F1	85.69	0.73

Functional residue map

Curated UniProt residues grouped by drug-discovery relevance — catalytic, ligand-binding, modification, and mutation-validated positions. Source: UniProtKB sequence features.

Catalytic / active sites (3): 220; 222; 227

Ligand- & substrate-binding residues (1): 124–131

Post-translational modifications (1): 49

Function

Pathways and Gene Ontology

Reactome pathways

1 pathways

ID	Pathway
R-HSA-1483148	Synthesis of PG

MSigDB gene sets: 186 (showing top): GSE45365_NK_CELL_VS_CD11B_DC_DN, GOBP_PHOSPHOLIPID_METABOLIC_PROCESS, GOBP_ORGANOPHOSPHATE_METABOLIC_PROCESS, GOBP_PHOSPHATIDYLGLYCEROL_METABOLIC_PROCESS, GOBP_ORGANOPHOSPHATE_BIOSYNTHETIC_PROCESS, MONNIER_POSTRADIATION_TUMOR_ESCAPE_UP, GOBP_PHOSPHOLIPID_BIOSYNTHETIC_PROCESS, GOBP_GLYCEROLIPID_METABOLIC_PROCESS, GGAANCGGAANY_UNKNOWN, WCTCNATGGY_UNKNOWN, GOCC_MITOCHONDRIAL_ENVELOPE, GOBP_GLYCEROLIPID_BIOSYNTHETIC_PROCESS, GOBP_GLYCEROPHOSPHOLIPID_METABOLIC_PROCESS, GOBP_LIPID_METABOLIC_PROCESS, GOBP_NEUTRAL_LIPID_METABOLIC_PROCESS

GO Biological Process (5): phosphatidylglycerol biosynthetic process (GO:0006655), cardiolipin biosynthetic process (GO:0032049), diacylglycerol metabolic process (GO:0046339), lipid metabolic process (GO:0006629), phospholipid biosynthetic process (GO:0008654)

GO Molecular Function (6): calcium ion binding (GO:0005509), ATP binding (GO:0005524), CDP-diacylglycerol-glycerol-3-phosphate 3-phosphatidyltransferase activity (GO:0008444), nucleotide binding (GO:0000166), catalytic activity (GO:0003824), transferase activity (GO:0016740)

GO Cellular Component (5): mitochondrion (GO:0005739), mitochondrial inner membrane (GO:0005743), mitochondrial matrix (GO:0005759), endoplasmic reticulum (GO:0005783), cytoplasm (GO:0005737)

Reactome top-level categories

Rollup of top-1 pathways:

Category	Pathways
Glycerophospholipid biosynthesis	1

GO top-level categories

Rollup of top GO terms by namespace:

Category	Terms
cytoplasm	2
intracellular membrane-bounded organelle	2
phosphatidylglycerol metabolic process	1
glycerophospholipid biosynthetic process	1
phosphatidylglycerol biosynthetic process	1
cardiolipin metabolic process	1
acylglycerol metabolic process	1
primary metabolic process	1
phospholipid metabolic process	1
lipid biosynthetic process	1
organophosphate biosynthetic process	1
metal ion binding	1
adenyl ribonucleotide binding	1
purine ribonucleoside triphosphate binding	1
CDP-alcohol phosphatidyltransferase activity	1
nucleoside phosphate binding	1
heterocyclic compound binding	1
molecular_function	1
catalytic activity	1
organelle inner membrane	1
mitochondrial membrane	1
mitochondrion	1
intracellular organelle lumen	1
endomembrane system	1
intracellular anatomical structure	1
cellular anatomical structure	1

Protein interactions and networks

STRING

1446 interactions, top by confidence (×1000):

Protein A	Protein B	Partner UniProt	Score
PGS1	CRLS1	Q9UJA2	744
PGS1	CDS1	Q92903	713
PGS1	TAMM41	Q96BW9	710
PGS1	CDIPT	O14735	680
PGS1	PTPMT1	Q8WUK0	657
PGS1	CDS2	O95674	642
PGS1	CHPT1	Q8WUD6	613
PGS1	TAFAZZIN	Q16635	559
PGS1	PEMT	Q9UBM1	556
PGS1	SELENOI	Q9C0D9	549
PGS1	PISD	Q9UG56	515
PGS1	LCLAT1	Q6UWP7	452
PGS1	CEPT1	Q9Y6K0	446
PGS1	PRELID1	Q9Y255	422
PGS1	DHRS7B	Q6IAN0	389

IntAct

9 interactions, top by confidence:

A	B	Type	Score
TRDN	TMEM223	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.640
IMPDH1	BCAT2	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
Myh10	LMO7	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
PFDN5	GTPBP10	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
H2AP	GNPAT	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
SLC25A25	HAX1	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
GABARAP	PGS1	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.000
PGS1	PDLIM1	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.000

BioGRID (21): PGS1 (Affinity Capture-MS), PGS1 (Affinity Capture-RNA), PGS1 (Proximity Label-MS), PGS1 (Proximity Label-MS), PGS1 (Proximity Label-MS), PGS1 (Affinity Capture-MS), PGS1 (Affinity Capture-MS), PGS1 (Negative Genetic), PGS1 (Negative Genetic), PGS1 (Negative Genetic), PGS1 (Affinity Capture-MS), PGS1 (Affinity Capture-MS), PGS1 (Affinity Capture-MS), PGS1 (Affinity Capture-MS), PGS1 (Affinity Capture-MS)

ESM2 similar proteins: A3KGK3, A6H603, A9ULG4, B1H1N7, B5DFG1, B6CZ46, D6MZJ6, E9QAM5, F1QG30, O35049, O60906, O70572, O75064, O95382, O95398, P10937, P70261, Q149M9, Q1LXZ7, Q2KHV9, Q2KJ28, Q32NB8, Q3U1Y4, Q5R8K7, Q5XIL6, Q5ZHN9, Q68DD2, Q6NVG1, Q6ZNJ1, Q6ZPS2, Q6ZQA0, Q76MJ5, Q7TMC8, Q80YU0, Q8BHF7, Q8N0W3, Q91X21, Q95KI5, Q99MQ3, Q9BXM7

Diamond homologs: P25578, P79001, Q2KJ28, Q32NB8, Q5R8K7, Q5ZHN9, Q7KWX2, Q8BHF7, Q9HDW1, Q9Z2Z7

SIGNOR signaling

2 interactions.

A	Effect	B	Mechanism
PGS1	up-regulates	“1-(3-sn-phosphatidyl)-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate(3-)”	“chemical modification”
CDP-diacylglycerol(2-)	“up-regulates activity”	PGS1	“chemical activation”

Disease & clinical

Clinical variants and AI predictions

ClinVar

107 variants total. Per-class counts are floors (≥ shown; pagination cap):

Classification	Count (floor)
Pathogenic	0
Likely pathogenic	0
Uncertain significance	82
Likely benign	3
Benign	1

Top pathogenic / likely-pathogenic (0)

SpliceAI

0 predictions. Top by Δscore:

AlphaMissense

3585 scored. Top likely-pathogenic:

Variant	Protein change	am_pathogenicity
17:78404087:A:T	K467I	1.000
17:78399502:G:C	K222N	0.999
17:78399502:G:T	K222N	0.999
17:78399533:A:C	S233R	0.999
17:78399535:C:A	S233R	0.999
17:78399535:C:G	S233R	0.999
17:78400683:C:A	N236K	0.999
17:78400683:C:G	N236K	0.999
17:78400715:A:C	D247A	0.999
17:78403939:T:C	F418L	0.999
17:78403941:C:A	F418L	0.999
17:78403941:C:G	F418L	0.999
17:78404080:C:G	H465D	0.999
17:78404089:G:C	G468R	0.999
17:78414940:T:A	N488K	0.999
17:78414940:T:G	N488K	0.999
17:78414951:G:T	R492M	0.999
17:78399494:C:G	H220D	0.998
17:78399500:A:G	K222E	0.998
17:78400708:C:A	R245S	0.998
17:78400709:G:C	R245P	0.998
17:78400714:G:C	D247H	0.998
17:78400715:A:T	D247V	0.998
17:78403849:T:C	Y388H	0.998
17:78403970:T:A	I428N	0.998
17:78404088:A:C	K467N	0.998
17:78404088:A:T	K467N	0.998
17:78414929:G:C	G485R	0.998
17:78414930:G:A	G485D	0.998
17:78414951:G:C	R492T	0.998

dbSNP variants (sampled 300 via entrez): RS1000164166 (17:78423199 G>C), RS1000191163 (17:78378826 G>A), RS1000261582 (17:78401801 T>C), RS1000276694 (17:78391332 G>A), RS1000346124 (17:78419998 A>G), RS1000365048 (17:78420149 C>T), RS1000467241 (17:78424003 A>T), RS1000559601 (17:78392889 C>T), RS1000577747 (17:78386765 C>T), RS1000588398 (17:78382372 G>A), RS1000601232 (17:78398181 C>A,T), RS1000684369 (17:78388018 A>G), RS1000714657 (17:78415651 A>G,T), RS1000754187 (17:78387806 C>T), RS1000797316 (17:78423869 C>G,T)

Disease associations

OMIM: gene MIM:614942 | disease phenotypes:

GenCC curated gene-disease

Mondo (0):

Orphanet (0):

HPO phenotypes

0 total (0 of 0 shown, HPO-id order):

GWAS associations

49 associations (top):

Study	Trait	p-value
GCST000755_25	HDL cholesterol	5.000000e-09
GCST002223_1	HDL cholesterol	2.000000e-11
GCST002899_6	HDL cholesterol	4.000000e-08
GCST004232_54	HDL cholesterol levels	1.000000e-13
GCST004612_84	High light scatter reticulocyte percentage of red cells	6.000000e-09
GCST004628_25	Immature fraction of reticulocytes	1.000000e-13
GCST006611_4	HDL cholesterol	8.000000e-35
GCST006612_36	LDL cholesterol	2.000000e-11
GCST006613_96	Triglycerides	7.000000e-17
GCST006614_104	Total cholesterol levels	5.000000e-13
GCST006979_255	Heel bone mineral density	2.000000e-16
GCST008070_21	HDL cholesterol levels	3.000000e-11
GCST008070_89	HDL cholesterol levels	7.000000e-09
GCST008074_15	Triglyceride levels x alcohol consumption (regular vs non-regular drinkers) interaction (2df)	6.000000e-06
GCST008074_154	Triglyceride levels x alcohol consumption (regular vs non-regular drinkers) interaction (2df)	4.000000e-10
GCST008075_165	HDL cholesterol levels x alcohol consumption (regular vs non-regular drinkers) interaction (2df)	6.000000e-28
GCST008075_28	HDL cholesterol levels x alcohol consumption (regular vs non-regular drinkers) interaction (2df)	3.000000e-21
GCST008079_133	LDL cholesterol levels x alcohol consumption (drinkers vs non-drinkers) interaction (2df)	2.000000e-06
GCST008079_91	LDL cholesterol levels x alcohol consumption (drinkers vs non-drinkers) interaction (2df)	3.000000e-07
GCST008083_125	Triglyceride levels x alcohol consumption (drinkers vs non-drinkers) interaction (2df)	1.000000e-09
GCST008084_130	HDL cholesterol levels x alcohol consumption (drinkers vs non-drinkers) interaction (2df)	2.000000e-06
GCST008084_215	HDL cholesterol levels x alcohol consumption (drinkers vs non-drinkers) interaction (2df)	4.000000e-31
GCST008084_42	HDL cholesterol levels x alcohol consumption (drinkers vs non-drinkers) interaction (2df)	5.000000e-22
GCST008085_139	HDL cholesterol levels in current drinkers	2.000000e-14
GCST008085_65	HDL cholesterol levels in current drinkers	2.000000e-17
GCST008087_36	Triglyceride levels in current drinkers	2.000000e-06
GCST009368_67	HDL cholesterol levels x long total sleep time interaction (2df test)	6.000000e-09
GCST009602_24	Metabolic syndrome	5.000000e-10
GCST010173_111	Triglyceride levels	5.000000e-12
GCST010204_203	Low density lipoprotein cholesterol levels	5.000000e-15

EFO canonical traits (17, from GWAS)

EFO ID	Trait name
EFO:0004612	high density lipoprotein cholesterol measurement
EFO:0007986	reticulocyte count
EFO:0004611	low density lipoprotein cholesterol measurement
EFO:0004530	triglyceride measurement
EFO:0004574	total cholesterol measurement
EFO:0009270	heel bone mineral density
EFO:0004329	alcohol drinking
EFO:0000195	metabolic syndrome
EFO:0004614	apolipoprotein A 1 measurement
EFO:0004615	apolipoprotein B measurement
EFO:0006925	lipoprotein A measurement
EFO:0004509	hemoglobin measurement
EFO:0004528	mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration
EFO:0010701	mean reticulocyte volume
EFO:0007985	platelet crit
EFO:0009188	Red cell distribution width
EFO:0004736	aspartate aminotransferase measurement

Drugs & pharmacology

Drug and pharmacology data

Is drug target: no

PharmGKB: 1 entry (VIP=true, CPIC=false)

CTD chemical–gene interactions

22 total (human), top 22 by PubMed support.

Chemical	Actions (top 5)	PubMed papers
aristolochic acid I	increases expression	1
urushiol	decreases expression	1
triphenyl phosphate	affects expression	1
bisphenol A	increases methylation	1
beta-lapachone	increases expression	1
sodium arsenite	decreases expression	1
di-n-butylphosphoric acid	affects expression	1
cylindrospermopsin	increases expression	1
CGP 52608	affects binding, increases reaction	1
2-palmitoylglycerol	increases expression	1
abrine	increases expression	1
Resveratrol	increases expression, affects cotreatment	1
Norethindrone Acetate	affects cotreatment, increases expression	1
Arsenic	affects methylation	1
Benzo(a)pyrene	increases methylation	1
Doxorubicin	decreases expression	1
Estradiol	affects cotreatment, increases expression	1
Plant Extracts	affects cotreatment, increases expression	1
Quercetin	increases expression	1
Smoke	decreases expression	1
Thiram	decreases expression	1
Cadmium Chloride	increases expression	1

Clinical trials (associated diseases)

0 trials via MONDO — disease-level, not drug-specific.