PHC3

Summary

PHC3 (polyhomeotic homolog 3, HGNC:15682) is a protein-coding gene on chromosome 3q26.2, encoding Polyhomeotic-like protein 3 (Q8NDX5). Component of a Polycomb group (PcG) multiprotein PRC1-like complex, a complex class required to maintain the transcriptionally repressive state of many genes, including Hox genes, throughout development.

Predicted to enable chromatin binding activity and histone binding activity. Predicted to be involved in negative regulation of DNA-templated transcription. Located in nucleoplasm. Part of PRC1 complex.

Source: NCBI Gene 80012 — RefSeq curated summary.

At a glance

• GWAS associations: 3
• Clinical variants (ClinVar): 142 total
• MANE Select transcript: NM_024947

Identifiers

Gene identifiers

Field	Value
HGNC ID	HGNC:15682
Approved symbol	PHC3
Name	polyhomeotic homolog 3
Location	3q26.2
Locus type	gene with protein product
Status	Approved
Aliases	EDR3, FLJ12967, FLJ12729, HPH3
Ensembl gene	ENSG00000173889
Ensembl biotype	protein_coding
OMIM	620031
Entrez	80012

Gene structure

Transcript identifiers

Ensembl transcripts: 27 — 19 protein_coding, 4 retained_intron, 2 protein_coding_CDS_not_defined, 2 nonsense_mediated_decay

ENST00000465896, ENST00000466189, ENST00000467570, ENST00000472330, ENST00000474275, ENST00000475729, ENST00000479467, ENST00000481639, ENST00000484068, ENST00000484931, ENST00000486042, ENST00000490723, ENST00000491258, ENST00000494943, ENST00000495893, ENST00000497171, ENST00000497658, ENST00000867751, ENST00000867752, ENST00000867753, ENST00000867754, ENST00000867755, ENST00000867756, ENST00000867757, ENST00000928396, ENST00000928397, ENST00000941895

RefSeq mRNA: 2 — MANE Select: NM_024947 NM_001308116, NM_024947

CCDS: CCDS46952, CCDS77858

Canonical transcript exons

ENST00000495893 — 15 exons

Exon	Start	End
ENSE00002227639	170113360	170113519
ENSE00002241390	170106832	170106946
ENSE00002243521	170102479	170102710
ENSE00002269791	170128684	170129552
ENSE00002281323	170102802	170102934
ENSE00002305973	170117226	170117476
ENSE00002306248	170122591	170122744
ENSE00002316460	170136419	170136665
ENSE00003510300	170178773	170178938
ENSE00003531803	170087584	170097384
ENSE00003546586	170172557	170172712
ENSE00003582206	170181702	170181733
ENSE00003610337	170149086	170149244
ENSE00003654096	170145423	170145521
ENSE00003669159	170171373	170171450

Expression profiles

Bgee: expression breadth ubiquitous, 269 present calls, max score 98.62.

FANTOM5 (CAGE): breadth ubiquitous, TPM avg 22.3076 / max 246.7688, expressed in 1801 samples.

FANTOM5 promoters (2 alternative TSS)

Promoter ID	TPM avg	Samples expressed
45548	22.1772	1801
203020	0.1304	51

Top tissues by expression

288 total, by Bgee expression score (0-100, higher = more expressed):

Tissue	Anatomy ID	Expression score	Quality
endothelial cell	CL:0000115	98.62	gold quality
tibia	UBERON:0000979	97.70	gold quality
germinal epithelium of ovary	UBERON:0001304	97.67	gold quality
calcaneal tendon	UBERON:0003701	97.42	gold quality
colonic epithelium	UBERON:0000397	97.34	gold quality
visceral pleura	UBERON:0002401	97.15	gold quality
parietal pleura	UBERON:0002400	97.11	gold quality
superficial temporal artery	UBERON:0001614	96.46	gold quality
urethra	UBERON:0000057	96.28	gold quality
seminal vesicle	UBERON:0000998	96.27	gold quality
Brodmann (1909) area 23	UBERON:0013554	96.21	gold quality
epithelium of nasopharynx	UBERON:0001951	96.09	gold quality
caput epididymis	UBERON:0004358	96.05	gold quality
palpebral conjunctiva	UBERON:0001812	95.74	gold quality
pleura	UBERON:0000977	95.61	gold quality
skin of hip	UBERON:0001554	95.59	gold quality
upper leg skin	UBERON:0004262	95.54	gold quality
cauda epididymis	UBERON:0004360	95.50	gold quality
corpus epididymis	UBERON:0004359	95.26	gold quality
pigmented layer of retina	UBERON:0001782	95.16	gold quality
sural nerve	UBERON:0015488	95.15	gold quality
bronchial epithelial cell	CL:0002328	95.09	gold quality
corpus callosum	UBERON:0002336	95.05	gold quality
middle temporal gyrus	UBERON:0002771	94.99	gold quality
pylorus	UBERON:0001166	94.90	gold quality
cardia of stomach	UBERON:0001162	94.86	gold quality
trabecular bone tissue	UBERON:0002483	94.84	gold quality
jejunal mucosa	UBERON:0000399	94.83	gold quality
tendon	UBERON:0000043	94.68	gold quality
jejunum	UBERON:0002115	94.43	gold quality

Single-cell (SCXA)

Detected in 3 experiment(s), a significant marker in 1.

Experiment	Marker?	Max mean expression
E-ANND-3	yes	9.21
E-GEOD-110499	no	2477.41
E-MTAB-7606	no	1081.26

Regulation

Is transcription factor: no

miRNA regulators (miRDB)

428 targeting PHC3, top 30 by miRDB confidence (max_score; target_count = how many genes the miRNA targets in total — lower means more specific):

miRNA	Max score	Avg score	miRNA target_count
HSA-MIR-656-3P	100.00	72.15	2788
HSA-MIR-3163	100.00	77.23	8605
HSA-MIR-3613-3P	100.00	76.36	7965
HSA-MIR-3646	100.00	73.56	5283
HSA-MIR-5692A	100.00	74.40	6850
HSA-MIR-1277-5P	100.00	73.95	5056
HSA-MIR-98-3P	100.00	74.08	3907
HSA-MIR-4262	100.00	73.26	3931
HSA-LET-7A-3P	100.00	74.03	3932
HSA-LET-7B-3P	100.00	74.08	3913
HSA-LET-7F-1-3P	100.00	74.02	3928
HSA-MIR-126-5P	100.00	72.71	3180
HSA-MIR-4795-3P	100.00	74.62	4024
HSA-MIR-5011-5P	100.00	83.46	5820
HSA-MIR-429	100.00	73.44	2698
HSA-MIR-200B-3P	100.00	73.31	2693
HSA-MIR-200C-3P	100.00	73.35	2685
HSA-MIR-7110-3P	100.00	73.18	2486
HSA-MIR-4668-3P	100.00	68.74	2635
HSA-MIR-196A-5P	100.00	68.16	684
HSA-MIR-196B-5P	100.00	68.16	681
HSA-MIR-5692B	100.00	71.32	2622
HSA-MIR-5692C	100.00	71.32	2622
HSA-MIR-6851-5P	100.00	65.63	1294
HSA-MIR-190A-3P	100.00	80.35	5520
HSA-MIR-3689D	100.00	66.14	1181
HSA-MIR-4768-5P	100.00	69.49	2861
HSA-MIR-4282	99.99	75.36	6408
HSA-MIR-548C-3P	99.99	74.01	7587
HSA-MIR-371B-5P	99.99	75.34	4759

Literature-anchored findings (GeneRIF, showing 6)

• loss of PHC3 may favor tumorigenesis by potentially disrupting the ability of cells to remain in G(0) (PMID:17001316)
• PHC3 is a tumor suppressor in osteosarcoma cells abd its suppression may be caused by modification of polycomb repressive complex 1 in cancer cells. (PMID:20491773)
• SAM linker controls PHC3 SAM polymerization (PMID:22724443)
• PHC3 amplification may emerge as a biomarker in cancer. (PMID:23942079)
• Data show that polycomb-group proteins BMI1, PHC3, CBX6 and CBX7 expression was significantly increased during imatinib treatment. (PMID:26343356)
• Expression of circ-PHC3 enhances ovarian cancer progression via regulation of the miR-497-5p/SOX9 pathway. (PMID:37468993)

Cross-species orthologs

6 orthologs

Organism	Symbol	Gene ID
danio_rerio	phc2b	ENSDARG00000013224
danio_rerio	phc2a	ENSDARG00000056695
mus_musculus	Phc3	ENSMUSG00000037652
rattus_norvegicus	Phc3	ENSRNOG00000009491
drosophila_melanogaster	ph-d	FBGN0004860
drosophila_melanogaster	ph-p	FBGN0004861

Paralogs (18): SCMH1 (ENSG00000010803), MBTD1 (ENSG00000011258), SCML1 (ENSG00000047634), L3MBTL2 (ENSG00000100395), SCML2 (ENSG00000102098), PHC1 (ENSG00000111752), THAP10 (ENSG00000129028), PHC2 (ENSG00000134686), SAMD1 (ENSG00000141858), SCML4 (ENSG00000146285), L3MBTL4 (ENSG00000154655), SFMBT1 (ENSG00000163935), L3MBTL1 (ENSG00000185513), SAMD7 (ENSG00000187033), SAMD11 (ENSG00000187634), SFMBT2 (ENSG00000198879), L3MBTL3 (ENSG00000198945), SAMD13 (ENSG00000203943)

Protein

Protein identifiers

Polyhomeotic-like protein 3 — Q8NDX5 (reviewed: Q8NDX5)

Alternative names: Early development regulatory protein 3, Homolog of polyhomeotic 3

All UniProt accessions (9): Q8NDX5, B4DTC4, C9J6H0, C9JAU4, C9JYH7, F8WDA4, G5E9U7, H7C4H9, H7C528

UniProt curated annotations — full annotation on UniProt →

Function. Component of a Polycomb group (PcG) multiprotein PRC1-like complex, a complex class required to maintain the transcriptionally repressive state of many genes, including Hox genes, throughout development. PcG PRC1 complex acts via chromatin remodeling and modification of histones; it mediates monoubiquitination of histone H2A ‘Lys-119’, rendering chromatin heritably changed in its expressibility.

Subunit / interactions. Component of a PRC1-like complex.

Subcellular location. Nucleus.

Miscellaneous. The hPRC-H complex purification reported by PubMed:12167701 probably presents a mixture of different PRC1-like complexes.

Isoforms (7)

UniProt ID	Names	Canonical?
Q8NDX5-1	1	yes
Q8NDX5-2	2
Q8NDX5-3	3
Q8NDX5-4	4
Q8NDX5-5	5
Q8NDX5-6	6
Q8NDX5-7	7

RefSeq proteins (2): NP_001295045, NP_079223* (*=MANE)

Domains & families (InterPro)

ID	Name	Type
IPR001660	SAM	Domain
IPR012313	Znf_FCS	Domain
IPR013761	SAM/pointed_sf	Homologous_superfamily
IPR038603	Znf_FCS_sf	Homologous_superfamily
IPR050548	PcG_chromatin_remod_factors	Family

Pfam: PF00536, PF21319

UniProt features (59 total): compositionally biased region 11, region of interest 9, splice variant 9, modified residue 8, helix 6, binding site 4, sequence conflict 4, cross-link 3, chain 1, domain 1, short sequence motif 1, zinc finger region 1, turn 1

Structure

Experimental structures (PDB)

2 structures.

PDB	Method	Resolution (Å)
4PZO	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	2.25
4PZN	X-RAY DIFFRACTION	2.3

Predicted structure (AlphaFold)

Model	pLDDT	Fraction very-high
AF-Q8NDX5-F1	50.50	0.11

Functional residue map

Curated UniProt residues grouped by drug-discovery relevance — catalytic, ligand-binding, modification, and mutation-validated positions. Source: UniProtKB sequence features.

Ligand- & substrate-binding residues (4): 785; 788; 804; 808

Post-translational modifications (11): 263, 272, 315, 609, 614, 616, 761, 762, 691, 732, 810

Function

Pathways and Gene Ontology

Reactome pathways

10 pathways

ID	Pathway
R-HSA-2559580	Oxidative Stress Induced Senescence
R-HSA-3108214	SUMOylation of DNA damage response and repair proteins
R-HSA-3899300	SUMOylation of transcription cofactors
R-HSA-4551638	SUMOylation of chromatin organization proteins
R-HSA-4570464	SUMOylation of RNA binding proteins
R-HSA-4655427	SUMOylation of DNA methylation proteins
R-HSA-8939243	RUNX1 interacts with co-factors whose precise effect on RUNX1 targets is not known
R-HSA-8943724	Regulation of PTEN gene transcription
R-HSA-8953750	Transcriptional Regulation by E2F6
R-HSA-9976102	Differentiation of naive CD4+ T cells to T helper 2 cells (Th2 cells)

MSigDB gene sets: 261 (showing top): chr3q26, GOBP_NEGATIVE_REGULATION_OF_GENE_EXPRESSION_EPIGENETIC, YY1_02, USF_01, DING_LUNG_CANCER_EXPRESSION_BY_COPY_NUMBER, GOCC_NUCLEAR_UBIQUITIN_LIGASE_COMPLEX, P300_01, GOBP_CHROMATIN_REMODELING, GOBP_HETEROCHROMATIN_ORGANIZATION, GOBP_EPIGENETIC_REGULATION_OF_GENE_EXPRESSION, RODRIGUES_THYROID_CARCINOMA_POORLY_DIFFERENTIATED_DN, GOMF_CHROMATIN_BINDING, GOCC_TRANSFERASE_COMPLEX, GOCC_PCG_PROTEIN_COMPLEX, GOCC_PRC1_COMPLEX

GO Biological Process (1): negative regulation of DNA-templated transcription (GO:0045892)

GO Molecular Function (6): DNA binding (GO:0003677), chromatin binding (GO:0003682), zinc ion binding (GO:0008270), histone binding (GO:0042393), protein binding (GO:0005515), metal ion binding (GO:0046872)

GO Cellular Component (4): nucleus (GO:0005634), nucleoplasm (GO:0005654), PcG protein complex (GO:0031519), PRC1 complex (GO:0035102)

Reactome top-level categories

Rollup of top-6 pathways:

Category	Pathways
SUMO E3 ligases SUMOylate target proteins	5
Cellular Senescence	1
Transcriptional regulation by RUNX1	1
PTEN Regulation	1
Generic Transcription Pathway	1
Differentiation of T cells	1

GO top-level categories

Rollup of top GO terms by namespace:

Category	Terms
binding	2
DNA-templated transcription	1
regulation of DNA-templated transcription	1
negative regulation of RNA biosynthetic process	1
nucleic acid binding	1
transition metal ion binding	1
protein binding	1
cation binding	1
intracellular membrane-bounded organelle	1
nuclear lumen	1
cellular anatomical structure	1
nuclear protein-containing complex	1
nuclear ubiquitin ligase complex	1
PcG protein complex	1

Protein interactions and networks

STRING

1194 interactions, top by confidence (×1000):

Protein A	Protein B	Partner UniProt	Score
PHC3	CBX8	Q9HC52	921
PHC3	CBX2	Q14781	903
PHC3	P4HTM	Q9NXG6	825
PHC3	CBX4	O00257	800
PHC3	H3C14	Q71DI3	797
PHC3	H3-5	Q6NXT2	797
PHC3	H3-4	Q16695	797
PHC3	H3-7	Q5TEC6	797
PHC3	CBX6	O95503	796
PHC3	H3-3A	P06351	794
PHC3	H3C1	P02295	794
PHC3	PHC1	P78364	788
PHC3	CLIC2	O15247	749
PHC3	RING1	Q06587	744
PHC3	PAX6	P26367	735

IntAct

67 interactions, top by confidence:

A	B	Type	Score
CBX8	BMI1	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.970
CBX7	BMI1	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.940
BMI1	CBX4	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.900
PCGF2	CBX4	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.840
PHC1	CBX4	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.790
RING1	CBX4	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.730
RNF2	E2F6	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.730
CBX8	CBX4	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.670
RNF2	CBX4	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.660
OGT	PHC3	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
PHC3	OGT	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.560
CBX6	PABPC1	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
FHL2	CNOT1	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
BAG2	HGS	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530
CBX6	RPS3	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.530

BioGRID (157): PHC3 (Two-hybrid), PHC3 (Protein-peptide), PHC3 (Affinity Capture-MS), PHC3 (Affinity Capture-MS), PHC3 (Affinity Capture-MS), PHC3 (Affinity Capture-MS), PHC3 (Affinity Capture-MS), PHC3 (Affinity Capture-MS), PHC3 (Affinity Capture-MS), PHC3 (Affinity Capture-MS), PHC3 (Affinity Capture-MS), PHC3 (Affinity Capture-MS), PHC3 (Affinity Capture-MS), PHC3 (Affinity Capture-MS), PHC3 (Affinity Capture-MS)

ESM2 similar proteins: A0JME2, A2AUY4, D3ZKB9, D4A666, E1B7L7, F1QZ88, F6NSX9, F8VPJ6, P59759, P78364, Q08CM4, Q0IHV2, Q15723, Q2IBE6, Q2IBF7, Q2QLB3, Q3TUF7, Q4G0F8, Q5DTH5, Q5U4Q0, Q5ZIE8, Q5ZM88, Q63HK5, Q641Z1, Q6P4L9, Q6P4R8, Q6PIJ4, Q6ZPK0, Q6ZSZ6, Q6ZU65, Q76L83, Q7ZUK7, Q7ZUV7, Q80WC1, Q8AYC1, Q8BZ32, Q8C966, Q8CGV9, Q8CHP6, Q8NDX5

Diamond homologs: A2A5N8, B1B1A0, D3YUG0, D3YXK1, D3ZWK4, E1C2V1, O02274, O60284, O95251, P39769, P59178, P70047, P70475, P78364, P97500, Q01538, Q05BQ5, Q1JQD9, Q1RNF8, Q29L50, Q32N90, Q3MIF2, Q4V7W5, Q5DTW2, Q5R737, Q5SVQ0, Q5VUG0, Q5VXD3, Q64028, Q6DIN3, Q6P5G3, Q6SPE9, Q6SPF0, Q7Z3H4, Q80TY4, Q810T5, Q8BLB7, Q8C8Y5, Q8CFC2, Q8CHP6

SIGNOR signaling

0 interactions.

Enriched among interaction partners

Reactome pathways and GO biological processes over-represented among this gene’s 61 IntAct physical interaction partners (hypergeometric vs the genome-wide background, BH-FDR, gene-set size 15–500, ranked by fold). A functional readout of the neighbourhood — distinct from this gene’s own memberships above, and biased toward well-studied / hub proteins, so read it as themes rather than proof.

Reactome pathways:

Pathway	Partners	Fold	FDR
SUMOylation of DNA methylation proteins	8	141.4×	4e-14
RUNX1 interacts with co-factors whose precise effect on RUNX1 targets is not known	8	63.3×	3e-11
SUMOylation of transcription cofactors	9	57.5×	3e-12
SUMOylation of RNA binding proteins	8	50.1×	1e-10
Transcriptional Regulation by E2F6	6	46.2×	8e-08
Regulation of PTEN gene transcription	8	37.6×	1e-09
SUMOylation of chromatin organization proteins	8	33.4×	3e-09
SUMOylation of DNA damage response and repair proteins	8	30.8×	4e-09

GO biological processes:

GO term	Partners	Fold	FDR
chromatin remodeling	7	10.0×	1e-03

Disease & clinical

Clinical variants and AI predictions

ClinVar

142 variants total. Per-class counts are floors (≥ shown; pagination cap):

Classification	Count (floor)
Pathogenic	0
Likely pathogenic	0
Uncertain significance	120
Likely benign	1
Benign	0

Top pathogenic / likely-pathogenic (0)

SpliceAI

3202 predictions. Top by Δscore:

Variant	Effect	Δscore
3:170097219:T:TA	donor_gain	1.0000
3:170097221:ATGTT:A	donor_gain	1.0000
3:170097225:T:A	donor_gain	1.0000
3:170097237:T:TA	donor_gain	1.0000
3:170097380:GCAGC:G	acceptor_gain	1.0000
3:170097381:CAGC:C	acceptor_gain	1.0000
3:170097381:CAGCC:C	acceptor_gain	1.0000
3:170097382:AGC:A	acceptor_gain	1.0000
3:170097383:GC:G	acceptor_gain	1.0000
3:170097384:CC:C	acceptor_gain	1.0000
3:170097385:C:CA	acceptor_loss	1.0000
3:170097385:C:CC	acceptor_gain	1.0000
3:170097386:T:A	acceptor_loss	1.0000
3:170097392:T:C	acceptor_gain	1.0000
3:170097392:T:TC	acceptor_gain	1.0000
3:170097397:C:CT	acceptor_gain	1.0000
3:170097398:A:T	acceptor_gain	1.0000
3:170099035:T:C	acceptor_gain	1.0000
3:170099047:A:T	acceptor_gain	1.0000
3:170102477:A:AC	donor_gain	1.0000
3:170102477:ACCA:A	donor_loss	1.0000
3:170102478:C:A	donor_loss	1.0000
3:170102478:C:CC	donor_gain	1.0000
3:170102478:CCAGG:C	donor_gain	1.0000
3:170102686:C:CC	acceptor_gain	1.0000
3:170102711:C:CC	acceptor_gain	1.0000
3:170117218:CTACT:C	donor_loss	1.0000
3:170117219:TACTT:T	donor_loss	1.0000
3:170117220:ACTTA:A	donor_loss	1.0000
3:170117221:CTTAC:C	donor_loss	1.0000

AlphaMissense

6456 scored. Top likely-pathogenic:

Variant	Protein change	am_pathogenicity
3:170097243:A:G	L980P	1.000
3:170097252:A:C	I977S	1.000
3:170097252:A:T	I977N	1.000
3:170097259:C:G	A975P	1.000
3:170097264:A:C	I973S	1.000
3:170097264:A:G	I973T	1.000
3:170097264:A:T	I973N	1.000
3:170097266:C:A	K972N	1.000
3:170097266:C:G	K972N	1.000
3:170097268:T:C	K972E	1.000
3:170097270:A:G	L971P	1.000
3:170097270:A:T	L971Q	1.000
3:170097273:G:T	A970D	1.000
3:170097276:G:T	P969Q	1.000
3:170097279:C:T	G968D	1.000
3:170097280:C:A	G968C	1.000
3:170097280:C:G	G968R	1.000
3:170097282:A:G	L967P	1.000
3:170097282:A:T	L967Q	1.000
3:170097284:C:A	K966N	1.000
3:170097284:C:G	K966N	1.000
3:170097286:T:C	K966E	1.000
3:170097293:C:A	M963I	1.000
3:170097293:C:G	M963I	1.000
3:170097293:C:T	M963I	1.000
3:170097306:A:C	L959R	1.000
3:170097306:A:G	L959P	1.000
3:170097306:A:T	L959H	1.000
3:170097308:A:C	H958Q	1.000
3:170097308:A:T	H958Q	1.000

dbSNP variants (sampled 300 via entrez): RS1000002200 (3:170168541 G>A), RS1000003413 (3:170124467 G>A), RS1000071008 (3:170136302 A>T), RS1000147933 (3:170131602 G>C), RS1000148931 (3:170161124 A>G), RS1000174160 (3:170112599 C>T), RS1000175055 (3:170181574 G>A), RS1000187871 (3:170148787 A>G), RS1000208309 (3:170091320 T>C), RS1000247805 (3:170137714 C>A,G,T), RS1000263939 (3:170161424 T>G), RS1000333368 (3:170106473 T>A,G), RS1000348531 (3:170144360 T>C), RS1000363127 (3:170098648 G>A,C), RS1000375974 (3:170125094 A>G)

Disease associations

OMIM: gene MIM:620031 | disease phenotypes:

GenCC curated gene-disease

Mondo (0):

Orphanet (0):

HPO phenotypes

0 total (0 of 0 shown, HPO-id order):

GWAS associations

3 associations (top):

Study	Trait	p-value
GCST90000025_958	Appendicular lean mass	6.000000e-15
GCST90000026_3	Appendicular lean mass	5.000000e-09
GCST90000027_28	Appendicular lean mass	3.000000e-07

EFO canonical traits (1, from GWAS)

EFO ID	Trait name
EFO:0004980	appendicular lean mass

Drugs & pharmacology

Drug and pharmacology data

Is drug target: no

PharmGKB: 1 entry (VIP=true, CPIC=false)

CTD chemical–gene interactions

45 total (human), top 30 by PubMed support.

Chemical	Actions (top 5)	PubMed papers
Valproic Acid	increases methylation, affects expression, decreases expression	4
Nickel	increases expression	2
Cyclosporine	increases expression	2
FR900359	affects phosphorylation	1
dicrotophos	increases expression	1
triphenyl phosphate	affects expression	1
arsenite	affects binding, decreases reaction	1
cobaltous chloride	increases expression	1
butyraldehyde	decreases expression	1
benzo(e)pyrene	increases methylation	1
aflatoxin B2	decreases methylation	1
coumarin	affects phosphorylation	1
cupric oxide	increases expression	1
di-n-butylphosphoric acid	affects expression	1
perfluorooctane sulfonic acid	decreases expression	1
pentabromodiphenyl ether	increases expression	1
cylindrospermopsin	increases expression	1
torcetrapib	increases expression	1
abrine	increases expression	1
2-methyl-2H-pyrazole-3-carboxylic acid (2-methyl-4-o-tolylazophenyl)amide	increases expression	1
2-(1H-indazol-4-yl)-6-(4-methanesulfonylpiperazin-1-ylmethyl)-4-morpholin-4-ylthieno(3,2-d)pyrimidine	increases expression, increases response to substance	1
bisphenol S	decreases expression	1
jinfukang	decreases expression	1
3-(2-hydroxy-4-(2-methylnonan-2-yl)phenyl)cyclohexan-1-ol	decreases expression	1
Bortezomib	increases expression	1
Temozolomide	increases expression	1
Leflunomide	increases expression	1
Acetaminophen	increases expression	1
Cadmium	increases abundance, decreases expression	1
Caffeine	affects phosphorylation	1

Clinical trials (associated diseases)

0 trials via MONDO — disease-level, not drug-specific.