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PHOSPHO2

gene
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Also known as MGC22679

Summary

PHOSPHO2 (phosphatase, orphan 2, HGNC:28316) is a protein-coding gene on chromosome 2q31.1, encoding Pyridoxal phosphate phosphatase PHOSPHO2 (Q8TCD6). Phosphatase that has high activity toward pyridoxal 5’-phosphate (PLP).

Predicted to enable phosphatase activity.

Source: NCBI Gene 493911 — automated summary from GO annotations (Alliance of Genome Resources).

At a glance

  • GWAS associations: 1
  • Clinical variants (ClinVar): 32 total
  • GTEx eGene: eQTL in 47 tissues, sQTL in 39 (q < 0.05)
  • Constraint (gnomAD): pLI 0.00 (LoF-tolerant), LOEUF 1.30 (unconstrained)
  • MANE Select transcript: NM_001008489

Identifiers

Gene identifiers

FieldValue
HGNC IDHGNC:28316
Approved symbolPHOSPHO2
Namephosphatase, orphan 2
Location2q31.1
Locus typegene with protein product
StatusApproved
AliasesMGC22679
Ensembl geneENSG00000144362
Ensembl biotypeprotein_coding
Entrez493911

Gene structure

Transcript identifiers

Ensembl transcripts: 35 — 34 protein_coding, 1 protein_coding_CDS_not_defined

MANE Select: ENST00000359744

Transcript support level (Ensembl TSL; 1 = fully mRNA-supported): TSL 1: 1, TSL 2: 2, TSL 3: 5

ENST00000359744, ENST00000438710, ENST00000438838, ENST00000449906, ENST00000476919, ENST00000616481, ENST00000616524, ENST00000617738, ENST00000857416, ENST00000857417, ENST00000857418, ENST00000857419, ENST00000857420, ENST00000857421, ENST00000857422, ENST00000857423, ENST00000857424, ENST00000931227, ENST00000931228, ENST00000931229, ENST00000931230, ENST00000931231, ENST00000931232, ENST00000931233, ENST00000931234, ENST00000931235, ENST00000931236, ENST00000931237, ENST00000931238, ENST00000931239, ENST00000931240, ENST00000961207, ENST00000961208, ENST00000961209, ENST00001144211

RefSeq mRNA: 5 — MANE Select: NM_001008489 NM_001008489, NM_001199285, NM_001199286, NM_001199287, NM_001199288

CCDS: CCDS33319

Canonical transcript exons

ENST00000359744 — 4 exons

ExonStartEnd
ENSE00001413182169700946169701708
ENSE00001466648169694469169694622
ENSE00003515401169697361169697531
ENSE00003520671169695215169695247

Expression profiles

Bgee: expression breadth ubiquitous, 237 present calls, max score 96.30.

FANTOM5 (CAGE): breadth tissue_specific, TPM avg 0.0250 / max 4.5835, expressed in 15 samples.

Highest expression (Bgee): secondary oocyte, oocyte, sperm, male germ line stem cell (sensu Vertebrata) in testis, primordial germ cell in gonad.

Genetic regulation across tissues (GTEx eQTL / sQTL)

PHOSPHO2 is an eGene in GTEx v10 — its expression is genetically regulated (eQTL) in 47 tissues and its splicing (sQTL) in 39 (q < 0.05). Strongest associations first; slope = normalized effect of the lead variant’s alternative allele.

showing 20 of 86 significant tissue × QTL associations:

TissueQTLq-valueSlopeLead variant
Testissqtl2.1e-93-3.082:169694622:G:A
Nerve Tibialsqtl1.7e-74-2.182:169694622:G:A
Artery Tibialsqtl3.4e-74-2.222:169694622:G:A
Thyroidsqtl1.2e-73-2.252:169694622:G:A
Adipose Subcutaneoussqtl1.9e-71-2.202:169694622:G:A
Cells Cultured fibroblastssqtl1.5e-56-1.972:169694622:G:A
Breast Mammary Tissuesqtl1.9e-54-2.272:169694622:G:A
Muscle Skeletalsqtl4.8e-53-1.742:169694622:G:A
Colon Transversesqtl4.9e-42-2.082:169694622:G:A
Skin Sun Exposed Lower legsqtl1.4e-41-1.672:169694622:G:A
Esophagus Muscularissqtl2.4e-41-2.242:169694622:G:A
Colon Sigmoidsqtl7.0e-40-2.252:169694622:G:A
Adipose Visceral Omentumsqtl1.5e-37-1.962:169694622:G:A
Skin Not Sun Exposed Suprapubicsqtl6.7e-37-1.802:169694622:G:A
Artery Tibialeqtl1.9e-36-0.552:169701721:T:C
Artery Aortasqtl5.1e-35-1.952:169694622:G:A
Nerve Tibialeqtl1.8e-33-0.562:169712014:C:T
Thyroideqtl2.6e-33-0.592:169699317:TC:T
Colon Transverseeqtl3.3e-29-0.502:169706187:T:TCA
Adipose Subcutaneouseqtl5.1e-29-0.412:169712014:C:T

FANTOM5 promoters

2 alternative TSS:

Promoter IDTPM avgSamples expressed
235645.72171471
235660.025015

Top tissues by expression

showing 100 of 249 tissues by Bgee expression score (0-100, higher = more expressed):

TissueAnatomy IDExpression scoreQuality
secondary oocyteCL:000065596.30gold quality
oocyteCL:000002396.21gold quality
spermCL:000001994.25gold quality
male germ line stem cell (sensu Vertebrata) in testisCL:0000089 ∩ UBERON:000047389.33gold quality
primordial germ cell in gonadCL:0000670 ∩ UBERON:000099186.95gold quality
corpus epididymisUBERON:000435986.54gold quality
caput epididymisUBERON:000435886.45gold quality
tibiaUBERON:000097985.69gold quality
epithelial cell of pancreasCL:000008384.81gold quality
left testisUBERON:000453384.42gold quality
right testisUBERON:000453484.06gold quality
testisUBERON:000047383.61gold quality
bronchial epithelial cellCL:000232882.38gold quality
cauda epididymisUBERON:000436082.18gold quality
bronchusUBERON:000218581.39gold quality
calcaneal tendonUBERON:000370180.91gold quality
germinal epithelium of ovaryUBERON:000130480.43gold quality
rectumUBERON:000105280.18gold quality
epithelium of mammary glandUBERON:000324480.11gold quality
mammary ductUBERON:000176580.03gold quality
thoracic mammary glandUBERON:000520079.68gold quality
mammary glandUBERON:000191179.57gold quality
mucosa of paranasal sinusUBERON:000503079.20gold quality
duodenumUBERON:000211479.19gold quality
islet of LangerhansUBERON:000000678.82gold quality
right uterine tubeUBERON:000130278.77gold quality
prostate glandUBERON:000236778.76gold quality
thyroid glandUBERON:000204678.63gold quality
adipose tissueUBERON:000101378.48gold quality
muscle layer of sigmoid colonUBERON:003580578.41gold quality
left lobe of thyroid glandUBERON:000112078.40gold quality
body of pancreasUBERON:000115078.34gold quality
adult organismUBERON:000702378.25gold quality
jejunal mucosaUBERON:000039978.18gold quality
right lobe of thyroid glandUBERON:000111978.00gold quality
pancreasUBERON:000126477.86gold quality
left ovaryUBERON:000211977.83gold quality
parietal pleuraUBERON:000240077.59gold quality
ventricular zoneUBERON:000305377.51gold quality
transverse colonUBERON:000115777.50gold quality
subcutaneous adipose tissueUBERON:000219077.41gold quality
popliteal arteryUBERON:000225077.40gold quality
tibial arteryUBERON:000761077.38gold quality
colonUBERON:000115577.25gold quality
right ovaryUBERON:000211877.20gold quality
large intestineUBERON:000005977.17gold quality
pancreatic ductal cellCL:000207977.05silver quality
ovaryUBERON:000099276.86gold quality
colonic mucosaUBERON:000031776.83gold quality
intestineUBERON:000016076.81gold quality
ganglionic eminenceUBERON:000402376.66gold quality
mucosa of transverse colonUBERON:000499176.65gold quality
pituitary glandUBERON:000000776.57gold quality
minor salivary glandUBERON:000183076.53gold quality
saliva-secreting glandUBERON:000104476.51gold quality
adenohypophysisUBERON:000219676.51gold quality
mucosa of sigmoid colonUBERON:000499376.46gold quality
ectocervixUBERON:001224976.43gold quality
smooth muscle tissueUBERON:000113576.37gold quality
cortical plateUBERON:000534376.37gold quality
body of uterusUBERON:000985376.36gold quality
aortaUBERON:000094776.16gold quality
pigmented layer of retinaUBERON:000178276.16gold quality
lower esophagus muscularis layerUBERON:003583376.07gold quality
esophagogastric junction muscularis propriaUBERON:003584176.07gold quality
olfactory segment of nasal mucosaUBERON:000538676.04gold quality
lower esophagusUBERON:001347376.02gold quality
visceral pleuraUBERON:000240175.93gold quality
endocervixUBERON:000045875.51gold quality
gastrocnemiusUBERON:000138875.43gold quality
parotid glandUBERON:000183175.42silver quality
small intestine Peyer’s patchUBERON:000345475.30gold quality
skin of hipUBERON:000155475.28gold quality
left coronary arteryUBERON:000162675.27gold quality
left uterine tubeUBERON:000130375.25gold quality
adipose tissue of abdominal regionUBERON:000780875.19gold quality
tibial nerveUBERON:000132375.16gold quality
small intestineUBERON:000210875.14gold quality
endometriumUBERON:000129575.04gold quality
adrenal tissueUBERON:001830375.03gold quality
mucosa of stomachUBERON:000119974.96gold quality
ascending aortaUBERON:000149674.87gold quality
mouth mucosaUBERON:000372974.79gold quality
right coronary arteryUBERON:000162574.76gold quality
urinary bladderUBERON:000125574.74gold quality
palpebral conjunctivaUBERON:000181274.73gold quality
thoracic aortaUBERON:000151574.72gold quality
peritoneumUBERON:000235874.64gold quality
omental fat padUBERON:001041474.64gold quality
muscle of legUBERON:000138374.61gold quality
gall bladderUBERON:000211074.60gold quality
descending thoracic aortaUBERON:000234574.33gold quality
ileal mucosaUBERON:000033174.23gold quality
uterusUBERON:000099574.20gold quality
body of stomachUBERON:000116174.17gold quality
right atrium auricular regionUBERON:000663174.12gold quality
coronary arteryUBERON:000162174.01gold quality
Brodmann (1909) area 23UBERON:001355473.90gold quality
epithelium of nasopharynxUBERON:000195173.84gold quality
female reproductive systemUBERON:000047473.67gold quality

Single-cell (SCXA)

Detected in 1 experiment(s), a significant marker in 1.

ExperimentMarker?Max mean expression
E-ANND-3yes3.44

HPA expression

RNA tissue specificity: Low tissue specificity

showing 60 of 80 HPA tissues / cells by nTPM:

Tissue / cellAxisnTPMProtein (IHC)
Frontal cortextissue24.4
Caudate putamentissue23.0
Cerebellumtissue18.1medium
Putamentissue14.2
Prostatetissue12.2medium
Choroid plexustissue12.1
Testistissue11.8medium
Basal gangliatissue11.2low
Cerebral cortextissue10.9low
Somatosensory cortextissue10.9
Occipital cortextissue10.9
Ventral forebraintissue10.8
Olfactory bulbtissue10.5
Hippocampal formationtissue10.3
Entorhinal cortextissue10.3
Prefrontal cortextissue10.0
Retrosplenial and cingulate cortextissue10.0
Breasttissue9.9medium
Motor cortextissue9.8
Septumtissue9.8
Thalamustissue9.7
Ponstissue9.6
Retrosplenial cortextissue9.6
Temporal cortextissue9.6
Thyroid glandtissue9.2medium
Midbraintissue9.1
Insular cortextissue9.1
Superior colliculitissue8.9
Amygdalatissue8.8
Hypothalamustissue8.6
Substantia nigratissue8.3
Periaqueductal graytissue8.3
Salivary glandtissue8.0medium
Nucleus accumbenstissue7.3
Medulla oblongatatissue7.3
Locus coeruleustissue7.2
Spinal cordtissue7.2
Parathyroid glandtissue6.8medium
Retinatissue6.7
Hippocampustissue6.7not detected
Small intestinetissue6.0medium
Duodenumtissue6.0medium
Corpus callosumtissue6.0
Fallopian tubetissue5.6medium
Rectumtissue5.5medium
Colontissue5.5medium
Kidneytissue5.2medium
Postcentral gyrustissue5.0
Endometrium 1tissue4.9medium
Pancreastissue4.8medium
Adipose tissuetissue4.7low
Stomach 1tissue4.5medium
Seminal vesicletissue4.5medium
Cervixtissue4.4medium
Pituitary glandtissue4.3
Ovarytissue4.2not detected
Epididymistissue4.0medium
Gallbladdertissue3.7medium
Livertissue3.4not detected
Skin 1tissue3.3medium

Brain sub-regions (HPA Brain Atlas): detected in 192; highest nTPM — Cerebellar cortex (12.7), Vermis (12.5), Flocculonodular lobe (11.9), Arcuate nucleus (10.0), Subiculum (9.4).

Regulation

Is transcription factor: no

Functional genomics

gnomAD constraint: pLI 6.28e-05, LOEUF 1.3, missense Z 1.03 — population loss-of-function intolerance (pLI ≥ 0.9 = LoF-intolerant; lower LOEUF = more constrained). gnomAD

Regional missense constraint (gnomAD RMC): no regional variation along ENST00000359744 — one region, missense o/e 0.87.

Literature-anchored findings (GeneRIF, showing 1)

  • Models of PHOSPHO2 and PHOSPHO1 suggest subtle differences in the charge distributions around the putative substrate entry site and in the location of potential H-bond donors. (PMID:16054448)

Cross-species orthologs

5 orthologs

OrganismSymbolGene ID
danio_reriophospho2ENSDARG00000102202
mus_musculusPhospho2ENSMUSG00000027088
rattus_norvegicusPhospho2ENSRNOG00000007979
drosophila_melanogasterCG14212FBGN0031045
drosophila_melanogasterCG12237FBGN0031048

Paralogs (1): PHOSPHO1 (ENSG00000173868)

Additional cross-species homologs

Sequence homologs in species beyond Ensembl Compara’s model organisms, by Diamond local protein alignment (% sequence identity; best hit per species). Lower-identity rows are more distant homologs. The matched accessions’ gene symbols aren’t in biobtree yet, so each row shows the UniProt accession.

OrganismUniProtIdentityMethod
Bos taurusQ2KI0685.5%Diamond
Arabidopsis thalianaQ9FZ6277.0%Diamond
Xenopus tropicalisQ66KD662.5%Diamond
Gallus gallusO7388461.1%Diamond

Genomic neighbors (locus context)

Genes flanking this one on the chromosome (NCBI/Entrez gene neighborhood). Positional context only — some neighbors share regulatory elements (bidirectional promoters, antisense/overlapping transcripts), but chromosomal adjacency is not itself a functional relationship (see Interactions for that).

SymbolTypeEntrez
PHOSPHO2-KLHL23protein-coding100526832
CFAP210protein-coding129881
FASTKD1protein-coding79675
PPIGprotein-coding9360
KLHL23protein-coding151230
KLHL41protein-coding10324

Protein

Protein identifiers

Pyridoxal phosphate phosphatase PHOSPHO2 — Q8TCD6 (reviewed: Q8TCD6)

All UniProt accessions (4): C9J4G2, C9JD35, C9JZQ7, Q8TCD6

UniProt curated annotations — full annotation on UniProt →

Function. Phosphatase that has high activity toward pyridoxal 5’-phosphate (PLP). Also active at much lower level toward pyrophosphate, phosphoethanolamine (PEA), phosphocholine (PCho), phospho-l-tyrosine, fructose-6-phosphate, p-nitrophenyl phosphate, and h-glycerophosphate.

Similarity. Belongs to the HAD-like hydrolase superfamily. PHOSPHO family.

RefSeq proteins (5): NP_001008489, NP_001186214, NP_001186215, NP_001186216, NP_001186217 (=MANE)

Domains & families (InterPro)

IDNameType
IPR006384HAD_hydro_PyrdxlP_Pase-likeFamily
IPR016965Pase_PHOSPHO-typFamily
IPR023214HAD_sfHomologous_superfamily
IPR036412HAD-like_sfHomologous_superfamily

Pfam: PF06888

Catalyzed reactions (Rhea)

  • pyridoxal 5’-phosphate + H2O = pyridoxal + phosphate (RHEA:20533)

UniProt features (9 total): binding site 5, active site 2, chain 1, sequence variant 1

Structure

Predicted structure (AlphaFold)

ModelpLDDTFraction very-high
AF-Q8TCD6-F196.040.94

Human Protein Atlas

Protein class: Enzymes, ENZYME proteins, Hydrolases, Metabolic proteins, Predicted intracellular proteins

Protein evidence: Evidence at protein level

Subcellular location (HPA, imaging): vesicles; nucleoplasm

Antibody reliability (HPA): IH uncertain · IF approved

Functional residue map

Curated UniProt residues grouped by drug-discovery relevance — catalytic, ligand-binding, modification, and mutation-validated positions. Source: UniProtKB sequence features.

Catalytic / active sites (2)

PositionRole
8nucleophile
10proton donor

Ligand- & substrate-binding residues (5)

PositionRole
8Mg(2+)
10Mg(2+)
19substrate
99substrate
179Mg(2+)

Function

Pathways and Gene Ontology

Reactome pathways

0 curated (TAS) of 0; 0 disease pathways. Curated-first; evidence = TAS (manually curated) vs IEA (electronic inference).

MSigDB gene sets: 52 (showing top): GOMF_HYDROLASE_ACTIVITY_ACTING_ON_ESTER_BONDS, GOMF_PHOSPHORIC_ESTER_HYDROLASE_ACTIVITY, JOHNSTONE_PARVB_TARGETS_3_DN, WAKABAYASHI_ADIPOGENESIS_PPARG_RXRA_BOUND_8D, FORTSCHEGGER_PHF8_TARGETS_DN, GOMF_PHOSPHATASE_ACTIVITY, WNT_UP.V1_DN, FOXJ2_TARGET_GENES, FOXN3_TARGET_GENES, ZNF711_TARGET_GENES, CREIGHTON_ENDOCRINE_THERAPY_RESISTANCE_2, GSE14769_UNSTIM_VS_120MIN_LPS_BMDM_UP, GSE14769_UNSTIM_VS_240MIN_LPS_BMDM_DN, GSE15930_STIM_VS_STIM_AND_IFNAB_48H_CD8_T_CELL_DN, GSE17721_CPG_VS_GARDIQUIMOD_24H_BMDC_DN

GO Molecular Function (5): phosphatase activity (GO:0016791), pyridoxal phosphatase activity (GO:0033883), metal ion binding (GO:0046872), protein binding (GO:0005515), hydrolase activity (GO:0016787)

GO top-level categories

5 GO namespaces:

CategoryTerms
phosphoric ester hydrolase activity1
phosphatase activity1
cation binding1
binding1
catalytic activity1

Protein interactions and networks

STRING

showing 15 of 378 interactions by confidence (×1000):

Protein AProtein BPartner UniProtScore
PHOSPHO2KLHL23Q8NBE8571
PHOSPHO2ZNF487B1APH4540
PHOSPHO2PALD1Q9ULE6534
PHOSPHO2OXLD1Q5BKU9524
PHOSPHO2A6NDT3A6NDT3470
PHOSPHO2A0A0A6YYL6A0A0A6YYL6460
PHOSPHO2NT5MQ9NPB1444
PHOSPHO2ZSCAN9O15535441
PHOSPHO2CFAP210Q0VFZ6435
PHOSPHO2METTL9Q9H1A3362
PHOSPHO2IWS1Q96ST2358
PHOSPHO2TMEM69Q5SWH9356
PHOSPHO2INPP5KQ9BT40355
PHOSPHO2SNF8Q96H20349
PHOSPHO2C18orf32Q8TCD1344

IntAct

Human interaction partners of PHOSPHO2 in IntAct, one row per partner (best MIscore; records = supporting IntAct interaction records).

11 partners by confidence:

PartnerInteraction typeMIscoreRecords
NAB2physical association0.7206
ATP5PFphysical association0.5605
TSEN15physical association0.5605
WASHC3physical association0.5605
C1QTNF2physical association0.5603
FLNAphysical association0.5603
GKAP1physical association0.5603
JPH3physical association0.5603
VHLphysical association0.5603
SIGLEC5association0.5302
SPARCphysical association0.4001

BioGRID (14 interactions; top human partners by supporting records): DNTTIP1 (Affinity Capture-MS; 2 records), NAB2 (Two-hybrid; 2 records), SIGLEC5 (Affinity Capture-MS; 2 records), ATP5J (Two-hybrid), C1QTNF2 (Two-hybrid), CCDC53 (Two-hybrid), CPNE4 (Affinity Capture-MS), DDX39A (Affinity Capture-RNA), FLNA (Two-hybrid), GKAP1 (Two-hybrid), TSEN15 (Two-hybrid)

Disease & clinical

Genetic variants

Variant evidence for PHOSPHO2: 32 ClinVar records (0 pathogenic / likely pathogenic); 1 GWAS association.

ClinVar

32 variants total. Per-class counts are floors (≥ shown; pagination cap):

ClassificationCount (floor)
Pathogenic0
Likely pathogenic0
Uncertain significance31
Likely benign1
Benign0

SpliceAI

Top 10 splice-impact sites by Δscore (adjacent positions with the same effect merged into one range; 19 predictions of 468):

Position(s)EffectΔscoreSites
2:169695248–169695249donor_loss0.97005
2:169698246donor_gain0.9700
2:169695213–169695214acceptor_loss0.96006
2:169695249donor_loss0.9600
2:169695204acceptor_loss0.9400
2:169695252donor_loss0.9300
2:169698481donor_gain0.9300
2:169695252donor_loss0.9000
2:169695212acceptor_loss0.8900
2:169698246donor_gain0.8900

AlphaMissense

399 missense substitutions predicted likely pathogenic (of 1,621 scored), across 113 residues. Top 20 hotspot residues, ranked by the number of likely-pathogenic substitutions (of those reachable by a single-nucleotide change), then by mean score:

ResidueLikely-pathogenic substitutionsMean am_pathogenicityMax am_pathogenicity
D880.9650.989
D18380.9570.977
D1080.9500.975
D17980.9230.972
D9980.9190.974
D1980.9120.958
N15080.8400.971
M4880.7470.887
C15270.9470.971
K15370.9370.997
W22570.9180.978
W4470.8970.960
C18570.8880.970
C14770.8760.958
F970.8630.968
N10170.8560.971
N12470.8500.947
C14470.8420.898
F10470.8290.923
N18270.8230.939

HPA cancer prognostics

RNA cancer specificity: Low cancer specificity

Human Protein Atlas survival analysis — favorable = higher expression predicts better survival.

3 prognostic cancer types:

CancerPrognosticp-value
Kidney Renal Clear Cell Carcinoma (TCGA)favorable2.61e-08
Liver Hepatocellular Carcinoma (TCGA)unfavorable9.29e-06
Rectum Adenocarcinoma (TCGA)favorable0.000354

Disease associations

OMIM: gene `` | disease phenotypes:

GWAS associations

1 associations:

StudyTraitp-value
GCST005184_8Common carotid intima-media thickness in HIV infection5e-6

Drugs & pharmacology

Drug and pharmacology data

Is drug target: no

PharmGKB: 1 entry (CPIC guideline: no)

CTD chemical–gene interactions

25 total (human), top 25 by PubMed support.

ChemicalActions (top 5)PubMed papers
trichostatin Aaffects cotreatment, decreases expression3
Dexamethasoneincreases expression, affects cotreatment2
Nickeldecreases expression2
Cyclosporinedecreases expression2
methylmercuric chloridedecreases expression1
triphenyl phosphateaffects expression1
bisphenol Aaffects cotreatment, increases expression1
potassium chromate(VI)increases expression1
4-aminophenylarsenoxideaffects binding, decreases reaction1
4-(5-benzo(1,3)dioxol-5-yl-4-pyridin-2-yl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)benzamideaffects cotreatment, decreases expression1
dorsomorphinaffects cotreatment, decreases expression1
(+)-JQ1 compounddecreases expression1
Arsenic Trioxideaffects binding, decreases reaction1
Acetaminophenincreases expression1
Cisplatindecreases expression1
Coumestroldecreases expression1
Indomethacinincreases expression, affects cotreatment1
Quercetinaffects expression1
Dihydrotestosteroneincreases expression1
Urethanedecreases expression1
Vanadatesdecreases expression1
1-Methyl-3-isobutylxanthineaffects cotreatment, increases expression1
Aflatoxin B1decreases methylation1
Copper Sulfatedecreases expression1
Magnetite Nanoparticlesincreases methylation1

Clinical trials (associated diseases)

Via MONDO — disease-level, not drug-specific.

No linked Atlas pages yet — the cross-entity mesh grows as the corpus expands.