PIGC

Summary

PIGC (phosphatidylinositol glycan anchor biosynthesis class C, HGNC:8960) is a protein-coding gene on chromosome 1q24.3, encoding Phosphatidylinositol N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase subunit C (Q92535). Part of the glycosylphosphatidylinositol-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase (GPI-GnT) complex that catalyzes the transfer of N-acetylglucosamine from UDP-N-acetylglucosamine to phosphatidylinositol and participates in the first step of GPI biosynthesis.

This gene encodes an endoplasmic reticulum associated protein that is involved in glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) lipid anchor biosynthesis. The GPI lipid anchor is a glycolipid found on many blood cells and serves to anchor proteins to the cell surface. The encoded protein is one subunit of the GPI N-acetylglucosaminyl (GlcNAc) transferase that transfers GlcNAc to phosphatidylinositol (PI) on the cytoplasmic side of the endoplasmic reticulum. Two alternatively spliced transcripts that encode the same protein have been found for this gene. A pseudogene on chromosome 11 has also been characterized.

Source: NCBI Gene 5279 — RefSeq curated summary.

At a glance

• Gene–disease (curated): glycosylphosphatidylinositol biosynthesis defect 16 (Strong, GenCC) — +1 more curated relationship
• GWAS associations: 80
• Clinical variants (ClinVar): 6 total
• Phenotypes (HPO): 8
• MANE Select transcript: NM_153747

Identifiers

Gene identifiers

Field	Value
HGNC ID	HGNC:8960
Approved symbol	PIGC
Name	phosphatidylinositol glycan anchor biosynthesis class C
Location	1q24.3
Locus type	gene with protein product
Status	Approved
Aliases	PIG-C, GPI2
Ensembl gene	ENSG00000135845
Ensembl biotype	protein_coding
OMIM	601730
Entrez	5279

Gene structure

Transcript identifiers

Ensembl transcripts: 15 — 10 protein_coding, 5 protein_coding_CDS_not_defined

ENST00000344529, ENST00000367728, ENST00000465374, ENST00000475059, ENST00000478184, ENST00000484368, ENST00000489002, ENST00000862975, ENST00000862976, ENST00000862977, ENST00000862978, ENST00000934579, ENST00000934580, ENST00000952346, ENST00000952347

RefSeq mRNA: 2 — MANE Select: NM_153747 NM_002642, NM_153747

CCDS: CCDS1302

Canonical transcript exons

ENST00000344529 — 2 exons

Exon	Start	End
ENSE00001379751	172441457	172442830
ENSE00001909799	172443988	172444069

Expression profiles

Bgee: expression breadth ubiquitous, 288 present calls, max score 92.99.

FANTOM5 (CAGE): breadth ubiquitous, TPM avg 14.1234 / max 107.3570, expressed in 1799 samples.

FANTOM5 promoters (3 alternative TSS)

Promoter ID	TPM avg	Samples expressed
15914	10.0091	1780
15915	3.8476	1632
15913	0.2667	82

Top tissues by expression

294 total, by Bgee expression score (0-100, higher = more expressed):

Tissue	Anatomy ID	Expression score	Quality
calcaneal tendon	UBERON:0003701	92.99	gold quality
skin of leg	UBERON:0001511	92.82	gold quality
skin of abdomen	UBERON:0001416	92.47	gold quality
zone of skin	UBERON:0000014	92.13	gold quality
islet of Langerhans	UBERON:0000006	92.12	gold quality
monocyte	CL:0000576	91.33	gold quality
leukocyte	CL:0000738	91.18	gold quality
upper leg skin	UBERON:0004262	91.16	gold quality
mononuclear cell	CL:0000842	91.15	gold quality
body of pancreas	UBERON:0001150	90.53	gold quality
nipple	UBERON:0002030	90.53	gold quality
bone marrow	UBERON:0002371	90.51	gold quality
pancreas	UBERON:0001264	90.33	gold quality
hair follicle	UBERON:0002073	90.13	gold quality
body of uterus	UBERON:0009853	90.02	gold quality
right ovary	UBERON:0002118	89.92	gold quality
palpebral conjunctiva	UBERON:0001812	89.91	gold quality
gall bladder	UBERON:0002110	89.90	gold quality
left ovary	UBERON:0002119	89.90	gold quality
penis	UBERON:0000989	89.88	gold quality
upper arm skin	UBERON:0004263	89.76	gold quality
esophagus squamous epithelium	UBERON:0006920	89.69	gold quality
descending thoracic aorta	UBERON:0002345	89.66	gold quality
pancreatic ductal cell	CL:0002079	89.61	gold quality
granulocyte	CL:0000094	89.32	gold quality
primordial germ cell in gonad	CL:0000670 ∩ UBERON:0000991	89.32	gold quality
rectum	UBERON:0001052	89.29	gold quality
ovary	UBERON:0000992	89.24	gold quality
muscle layer of sigmoid colon	UBERON:0035805	89.24	gold quality
blood	UBERON:0000178	89.21	gold quality

Single-cell (SCXA)

Detected in 2 experiment(s), a significant marker in 1.

Experiment	Marker?	Max mean expression
E-MTAB-9467	no	1.79
E-ANND-3	no	0.00

Regulation

Is transcription factor: no

miRNA regulators (miRDB)

12 targeting PIGC, top 30 by miRDB confidence (max_score; target_count = how many genes the miRNA targets in total — lower means more specific):

miRNA	Max score	Avg score	miRNA target_count
HSA-MIR-335-3P	99.93	73.36	4958
HSA-MIR-153-5P	99.89	73.86	6317
HSA-MIR-659-3P	99.85	70.69	1620
HSA-MIR-1283	99.69	72.42	3009
HSA-MIR-3975	99.62	65.97	697
HSA-MIR-5007-3P	99.51	68.14	1242
HSA-MIR-148A-5P	99.30	68.27	1141
HSA-MIR-3168	99.08	67.75	1384
HSA-MIR-4695-5P	99.06	64.87	1151
HSA-MIR-2355-5P	98.83	65.51	1589
HSA-MIR-2115-5P	98.66	68.07	1191
HSA-MIR-4266	98.53	67.29	1035

Literature-anchored findings (GeneRIF, showing 2)

• Genes within recently identified loci associated with waist-hip ratio (WHR) exhibit fat depot-specific mRNA expression, which correlates with obesity-related traits. Adipose tissue (AT) mRNA expression of 6 genes (TBX15/WARS2, STAB1, PIGC, ZNRF3, GRB14 (PMID:23670221)
• PIGC joins the list of genes in which mutations result in defective biosynthesis of GPI anchoring, manifesting by global developmental delay and seizure disorder. (PMID:27694521)

Cross-species orthologs

5 orthologs

Organism	Symbol	Gene ID
danio_rerio	pigc	ENSDARG00000009113
mus_musculus	Pigc	ENSMUSG00000026698
rattus_norvegicus	Pigc	ENSRNOG00000026497
drosophila_melanogaster	PIG-C	FBGN0035435
caenorhabditis_elegans		WBGENE00011860

Protein

Protein identifiers

Phosphatidylinositol N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase subunit C — Q92535 (reviewed: Q92535)

Alternative names: Phosphatidylinositol-glycan biosynthesis class C protein

All UniProt accessions (1): Q92535

UniProt curated annotations — full annotation on UniProt →

Function. Part of the glycosylphosphatidylinositol-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase (GPI-GnT) complex that catalyzes the transfer of N-acetylglucosamine from UDP-N-acetylglucosamine to phosphatidylinositol and participates in the first step of GPI biosynthesis.

Subunit / interactions. Component of the glycosylphosphatidylinositol-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase (GPI-GnT) complex composed at least by PIGA, PIGC, PIGH, PIGP, PIGQ, PIGY and DPM2. Interacts with PIGQ. Interacts with the heterodimer PIGA:PIGH.

Subcellular location. Endoplasmic reticulum membrane.

Disease relevance. Glycosylphosphatidylinositol biosynthesis defect 16 (GPIBD16) [MIM:617816] An autosomal recessive disorder characterized by delayed psychomotor development, intellectual disability, and seizures. The disease is caused by variants affecting the gene represented in this entry.

Pathway. Glycolipid biosynthesis; glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchor biosynthesis.

Similarity. Belongs to the PIGC family.

RefSeq proteins (2): NP_002633, NP_714969* (*=MANE)

Domains & families (InterPro)

ID	Name	Type
IPR009450	Plno_GlcNAc_GPI2	Family

Pfam: PF06432

UniProt features (13 total): transmembrane region 8, sequence variant 4, chain 1

Structure

Experimental structures (PDB)

0 structures.

Predicted structure (AlphaFold)

Model	pLDDT	Fraction very-high
AF-Q92535-F1	88.98	0.63

Function

Pathways and Gene Ontology

Reactome pathways

1 pathways

ID	Pathway
R-HSA-162710	Synthesis of glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)

MSigDB gene sets: 158 (showing top): MORF_MTA1, BORCZUK_MALIGNANT_MESOTHELIOMA_UP, GOBP_PHOSPHOLIPID_METABOLIC_PROCESS, BUYTAERT_PHOTODYNAMIC_THERAPY_STRESS_DN, GOBP_PHOSPHATIDYLINOSITOL_METABOLIC_PROCESS, GOBP_GLYCOLIPID_BIOSYNTHETIC_PROCESS, REACTOME_SYNTHESIS_OF_GLYCOSYLPHOSPHATIDYLINOSITOL_GPI, GRAESSMANN_APOPTOSIS_BY_DOXORUBICIN_DN, GOBP_ORGANOPHOSPHATE_METABOLIC_PROCESS, MODULE_16, MORF_PSMC2, GOBP_ORGANOPHOSPHATE_BIOSYNTHETIC_PROCESS, GOBP_CARBOHYDRATE_DERIVATIVE_METABOLIC_PROCESS, PATIL_LIVER_CANCER, GOBP_PHOSPHOLIPID_BIOSYNTHETIC_PROCESS

GO Biological Process (1): GPI anchor biosynthetic process (GO:0006506)

GO Molecular Function (2): catalytic activity (GO:0003824), protein binding (GO:0005515)

GO Cellular Component (4): glycosylphosphatidylinositol-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase (GPI-GnT) complex (GO:0000506), endoplasmic reticulum membrane (GO:0005789), endoplasmic reticulum (GO:0005783), membrane (GO:0016020)

Reactome top-level categories

Rollup of top-1 pathways:

Category	Pathways
Post-translational modification: synthesis of GPI-anchored proteins	1

GO top-level categories

Rollup of top GO terms by namespace:

Category	Terms
GPI anchor metabolic process	1
glycolipid biosynthetic process	1
glycerophospholipid biosynthetic process	1
GPI anchored protein biosynthesis	1
molecular_function	1
binding	1
endoplasmic reticulum membrane	1
membrane protein complex	1
endoplasmic reticulum protein-containing complex	1
transferase complex	1
organelle membrane	1
nuclear outer membrane-endoplasmic reticulum membrane network	1
endoplasmic reticulum subcompartment	1
cytoplasm	1
endomembrane system	1
intracellular membrane-bounded organelle	1
cellular anatomical structure	1

Protein interactions and networks

STRING

764 interactions, top by confidence (×1000):

Protein A	Protein B	Partner UniProt	Score
PIGC	PIGQ	Q9BRB3	999
PIGC	PIGH	Q14442	999
PIGC	PIGA	P37287	999
PIGC	PIGP	P57054	999
PIGC	PIGY	Q3MUY2	999
PIGC	DPM2	O94777	996
PIGC	PYURF	Q96I23	840
PIGC	ERI1	Q8IV48	830
PIGC	PIGB	Q92521	814
PIGC	PIGL	Q9Y2B2	811
PIGC	PIGG	Q5H8A4	811
PIGC	PIGW	Q7Z7B1	807
PIGC	PIGM	Q9H3S5	795
PIGC	PIGO	Q8TEQ8	774
PIGC	PIGK	Q92643	774
PIGC	PIGV	Q9NUD9	774

IntAct

14 interactions, top by confidence:

A	B	Type	Score
PIGA	PIGP	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.710
PIGA	DPM2	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.660
DPM2	PIGA	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.660
PIGC	PIGA	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.640
PIGC	PIGQ	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.500
PIGC	DPM2	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.500
KLF10	PIGC	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.370
PIGC	PIGH	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
SLC4A8	PSMA7	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
PIGC	ZHX1	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.000

BioGRID (16): ZHX1 (Two-hybrid), PIGC (Proximity Label-MS), PIGC (Proximity Label-MS), PIGC (Proximity Label-MS), PIGC (Proximity Label-MS), PIGC (Proximity Label-MS), PIGC (Proximity Label-MS), PIGC (Proximity Label-MS), PIGC (Negative Genetic), PIGC (Affinity Capture-Western), PIGC (Reconstituted Complex), PIGC (Proximity Label-MS), PIGC (Cross-Linking-MS (XL-MS)), PIGC (Affinity Capture-MS), PIGC (Affinity Capture-RNA)

ESM2 similar proteins: A1CKG4, A1D708, A2XSY1, A4R2N5, A6QRX6, A6RRF7, A7EMV1, B0XXU1, B2AR67, O46521, O95214, O95807, P13498, P52650, Q0CNZ5, Q0JDK9, Q0V0G4, Q17QF8, Q1E1E0, Q28F21, Q2GSS4, Q32PD8, Q39080, Q3ZBX1, Q4WXT2, Q566G2, Q5PQQ4, Q5R5Z8, Q5RDE9, Q61462, Q62737, Q6CC06, Q6GM42, Q6GPA8, Q6P0C7, Q6PDU4, Q7S693, Q8K3C0, Q8TAC9, Q92535

Diamond homologs: O59802, O64761, Q3ZBX1, Q54M40, Q5PQQ4, Q92535, Q9CXR4

SIGNOR signaling

0 interactions.

Disease & clinical

Clinical variants and AI predictions

ClinVar

6 variants total. Per-class counts are floors (≥ shown; pagination cap):

Classification	Count (floor)
Pathogenic	0
Likely pathogenic	0
Uncertain significance	2
Likely benign	0
Benign	2

Top pathogenic / likely-pathogenic (0)

SpliceAI

985 predictions. Top by Δscore:

Variant	Effect	Δscore
1:172379014:TTAG:T	acceptor_loss	1.0000
1:172379015:TAGGC:T	acceptor_loss	1.0000
1:172379016:A:AG	acceptor_gain	1.0000
1:172379016:AG:A	acceptor_gain	1.0000
1:172379016:AGG:A	acceptor_loss	1.0000
1:172379016:AGGCT:A	acceptor_gain	1.0000
1:172379017:G:A	acceptor_gain	1.0000
1:172379017:G:GT	acceptor_gain	1.0000
1:172379017:GGC:G	acceptor_gain	1.0000
1:172379017:GGCT:G	acceptor_gain	1.0000
1:172379017:GGCTG:G	acceptor_gain	1.0000
1:172379178:ATAAC:A	donor_gain	1.0000
1:172379181:AC:A	donor_gain	1.0000
1:172379183:G:GG	donor_gain	1.0000
1:172387119:T:TA	acceptor_gain	1.0000
1:172387356:GCAG:G	donor_gain	1.0000
1:172387359:GGT:G	donor_loss	1.0000
1:172387360:G:GG	donor_gain	1.0000
1:172387360:GTA:G	donor_loss	1.0000
1:172388569:TCA:T	acceptor_loss	1.0000
1:172388571:A:C	acceptor_loss	1.0000
1:172379179:TAAC:T	donor_gain	0.9900
1:172379180:AAC:A	donor_gain	0.9900
1:172379180:AACG:A	donor_loss	0.9900
1:172379181:ACGTA:A	donor_loss	0.9900
1:172379182:CGTAA:C	donor_loss	0.9900
1:172379183:G:A	donor_loss	0.9900
1:172379184:TAA:T	donor_loss	0.9900
1:172379185:A:AA	donor_loss	0.9900
1:172379186:A:AA	donor_loss	0.9900

AlphaMissense

1921 scored. Top likely-pathogenic:

Variant	Protein change	am_pathogenicity
1:172441774:C:A	W283C	0.997
1:172441774:C:G	W283C	0.997
1:172441776:A:G	W283R	0.996
1:172441776:A:T	W283R	0.996
1:172442524:G:C	F33L	0.996
1:172442524:G:T	F33L	0.996
1:172442526:A:G	F33L	0.996
1:172441795:T:A	K276N	0.994
1:172441795:T:G	K276N	0.994
1:172441796:T:A	K276I	0.989
1:172441781:C:T	G281E	0.988
1:172442525:A:G	F33S	0.987
1:172441993:A:C	F210L	0.986
1:172441993:A:T	F210L	0.986
1:172441995:A:G	F210L	0.986
1:172442188:G:C	S145R	0.986
1:172442188:G:T	S145R	0.986
1:172442190:T:G	S145R	0.986
1:172442525:A:C	F33C	0.985
1:172442061:A:G	C188R	0.984
1:172441775:C:G	W283S	0.980
1:172441773:C:G	D284H	0.978
1:172441782:C:G	G281R	0.978
1:172441782:C:T	G281R	0.978
1:172441775:C:A	W283L	0.977
1:172441760:A:G	I288T	0.975
1:172441830:A:G	C265R	0.974
1:172442023:G:C	F200L	0.974
1:172442023:G:T	F200L	0.974
1:172442025:A:G	F200L	0.974

dbSNP variants (sampled 300 via entrez): RS1002071156 (1:172441413 C>G,T), RS1002495123 (1:172442604 T>A,C), RS1002618194 (1:172440991 T>C), RS1004016126 (1:172445649 G>A), RS1004172250 (1:172444820 C>T), RS1005469820 (1:172440965 C>T), RS1005560529 (1:172441687 T>G), RS1005940619 (1:172441402 T>C), RS1006310195 (1:172443433 T>A), RS1007693796 (1:172443508 C>G), RS1008734515 (1:172444923 G>C), RS1009119503 (1:172444530 A>C,G), RS1011604749 (1:172443754 T>C), RS1011827201 (1:172444160 G>A,C), RS1012919419 (1:172444436 T>C)

Disease associations

OMIM: gene MIM:601730 | disease phenotypes: MIM:617816

GenCC curated gene-disease

Disease	Classification	Inheritance
glycosylphosphatidylinositol biosynthesis defect 16	Strong	Autosomal recessive
autosomal recessive non-syndromic intellectual disability	Supportive	Autosomal recessive

ClinGen Gene-Disease Validity (1)

Expert-panel classifications — Definitive > Strong > Moderate > Limited > Disputed > Refuted.

Disease	Classification	Inheritance
glycosylphosphatidylinositol biosynthesis defect 16	Limited	AR

Mondo (2): glycosylphosphatidylinositol biosynthesis defect 16 (MONDO:0040500), autosomal recessive non-syndromic intellectual disability (MONDO:0019502)

Orphanet (0):

HPO phenotypes

8 total (8 of 8 shown, HPO-id order):

HPO	Term
HP:0000007	Autosomal recessive inheritance
HP:0001249	Intellectual disability
HP:0001250	Seizure
HP:0001263	Global developmental delay
HP:0002465	Poor speech
HP:0003155	Elevated circulating alkaline phosphatase concentration
HP:0003593	Infantile onset
HP:0031936	Delayed ability to walk

GWAS associations

80 associations (top):

Study	Trait	p-value
GCST000829_1	Waist-hip ratio	1.000000e-17
GCST002782_155	Waist-to-hip ratio adjusted for body mass index	2.000000e-10
GCST002782_156	Waist-to-hip ratio adjusted for body mass index	9.000000e-07
GCST002782_157	Waist-to-hip ratio adjusted for body mass index	4.000000e-15
GCST002782_158	Waist-to-hip ratio adjusted for body mass index	3.000000e-07
GCST002782_159	Waist-to-hip ratio adjusted for body mass index	9.000000e-11
GCST002782_160	Waist-to-hip ratio adjusted for body mass index	1.000000e-15
GCST003518_51	Daytime sleep phenotypes	3.000000e-06
GCST004064_61	Waist-hip ratio	7.000000e-08
GCST004064_70	Waist-hip ratio	1.000000e-08
GCST004505_35	Waist-to-hip ratio adjusted for BMI (adjusted for smoking behaviour)	1.000000e-11
GCST004505_36	Waist-to-hip ratio adjusted for BMI (adjusted for smoking behaviour)	9.000000e-15
GCST004507_22	Waist-to-hip ratio adjusted for BMI (joint analysis main effects and smoking interaction)	7.000000e-06
GCST004507_7	Waist-to-hip ratio adjusted for BMI (joint analysis main effects and smoking interaction)	9.000000e-06
GCST004567_114	Waist-to-hip ratio adjusted for BMI (joint analysis for main effect and physical activity interaction)	6.000000e-16
GCST004567_135	Waist-to-hip ratio adjusted for BMI (joint analysis for main effect and physical activity interaction)	1.000000e-14
GCST004567_36	Waist-to-hip ratio adjusted for BMI (joint analysis for main effect and physical activity interaction)	5.000000e-13
GCST004567_55	Waist-to-hip ratio adjusted for BMI (joint analysis for main effect and physical activity interaction)	3.000000e-13
GCST004576_54	Waist-to-hip ratio adjusted for body mass index	5.000000e-16
GCST004576_55	Waist-to-hip ratio adjusted for body mass index	6.000000e-14
GCST004576_56	Waist-to-hip ratio adjusted for body mass index	3.000000e-14
GCST004576_57	Waist-to-hip ratio adjusted for body mass index	5.000000e-16
GCST004578_103	Waist-to-hip ratio adjusted for BMI in active individuals	4.000000e-12
GCST004578_11	Waist-to-hip ratio adjusted for BMI in active individuals	3.000000e-12
GCST004578_112	Waist-to-hip ratio adjusted for BMI in active individuals	5.000000e-13
GCST004578_67	Waist-to-hip ratio adjusted for BMI in active individuals	8.000000e-14
GCST004578_86	Waist-to-hip ratio adjusted for BMI in active individuals	4.000000e-12
GCST010083_37	Hemoglobin levels	3.000000e-08
GCST012227_1164	Hip circumference adjusted for BMI	4.000000e-08
GCST012227_1165	Hip circumference adjusted for BMI	6.000000e-10

EFO canonical traits (10, from GWAS)

EFO ID	Trait name
EFO:0004343	waist-hip ratio
EFO:0007788	BMI-adjusted waist-hip ratio
EFO:0007828	daytime rest measurement
EFO:0004318	smoking behavior
EFO:0008002	physical activity measurement
EFO:0004509	hemoglobin measurement
EFO:0008039	BMI-adjusted hip circumference
EFO:0010701	mean reticulocyte volume
EFO:0004305	erythrocyte count
EFO:0007789	BMI-adjusted waist circumference

Drugs & pharmacology

Drug and pharmacology data

Is drug target: no

PharmGKB: 1 entry (VIP=true, CPIC=false)

CTD chemical–gene interactions

33 total (human), top 30 by PubMed support.

Chemical	Actions (top 5)	PubMed papers
Valproic Acid	decreases methylation, affects expression, decreases expression	3
sodium arsenite	decreases expression, increases abundance	2
(+)-JQ1 compound	decreases expression	2
Air Pollutants	affects cotreatment, increases abundance, increases oxidation, decreases expression	2
dicrotophos	decreases expression	1
alpha-pinene	increases abundance, affects cotreatment, increases oxidation	1
cobaltous chloride	decreases expression	1
potassium chromate(VI)	decreases expression	1
methacrylaldehyde	affects cotreatment, increases oxidation, increases abundance	1
cylindrospermopsin	increases expression	1
CGP 52608	affects binding, increases reaction	1
abrine	decreases expression	1
Acetaminophen	decreases expression	1
Acrolein	affects cotreatment, increases oxidation, increases abundance	1
Arsenic	decreases expression, increases abundance	1
Atrazine	decreases expression	1
Cadmium	increases expression	1
Doxorubicin	decreases expression	1
Estradiol	decreases expression	1
Hydrogen Peroxide	affects cotreatment, increases expression	1
Ozone	affects cotreatment, increases oxidation, increases abundance	1
Silicon Dioxide	decreases expression	1
Smoke	decreases expression	1
Testosterone	decreases expression	1
Tetrachlorodibenzodioxin	decreases expression	1
Theophylline	affects cotreatment, increases expression	1
Urethane	decreases expression	1
Cyclosporine	increases expression	1
Antirheumatic Agents	increases expression	1
Cadmium Chloride	decreases expression	1

Clinical trials (associated diseases)

0 trials via MONDO — disease-level, not drug-specific.