PKD1L3

Summary

PKD1L3 (polycystin 1 like 3, transient receptor potential channel interacting, HGNC:21716) is a protein-coding gene on chromosome 16q22.2, encoding Polycystin-1-like protein 3 (Q7Z443). Pore-forming subunit of a heterotetrameric, non-selective cation channel that is permeable to Ca(2+).

This gene encodes a member of the polycystin protein family. The encoded protein contains 11 transmembrane domains, a latrophilin/CL-1-like GPCR proteolytic site (GPS) domain, and a polycystin-1, lipoxygenase, alpha-toxin (PLAT) domain. This protein may function as a component of cation channel pores.

Source: NCBI Gene 342372 — RefSeq curated summary.

At a glance

• GWAS associations: 20
• Clinical variants (ClinVar): 307 total
• MANE Select transcript: NM_181536

Identifiers

Gene identifiers

Field	Value
HGNC ID	HGNC:21716
Approved symbol	PKD1L3
Name	polycystin 1 like 3, transient receptor potential channel interacting
Location	16q22.2
Locus type	gene with protein product
Status	Approved
Ensembl gene	ENSG00000277481
Ensembl biotype	protein_coding
OMIM	607895
Entrez	342372

Gene structure

Transcript identifiers

Ensembl transcripts: 1 — 1 protein_coding

ENST00000620267

RefSeq mRNA: 1 — MANE Select: NM_181536 NM_181536

CCDS: CCDS73912

Canonical transcript exons

ENST00000620267 — 30 exons

Exon	Start	End
ENSE00003714561	71999684	72000402
ENSE00003717412	71984036	71984167
ENSE00003717465	71967906	71968007
ENSE00003718012	71949783	71950017
ENSE00003718877	71933420	71933521
ENSE00003719069	71982059	71982235
ENSE00003719100	71937292	71937419
ENSE00003719687	71942560	71943024
ENSE00003724510	71954105	71954301
ENSE00003724707	71978255	71978383
ENSE00003728251	71979786	71979912
ENSE00003728431	71950118	71950310
ENSE00003729390	71930052	71930183
ENSE00003729444	71935358	71935518
ENSE00003732860	71967137	71967315
ENSE00003733139	71969875	71970105
ENSE00003733642	71951564	71951744
ENSE00003735599	71973324	71973517
ENSE00003736440	71929538	71929678
ENSE00003737158	71952894	71953093
ENSE00003738588	71980007	71980134
ENSE00003739160	71993216	71993332
ENSE00003739334	71944030	71944170
ENSE00003743444	71933915	71934125
ENSE00003746777	71990280	71990329
ENSE00003748520	71977236	71977467
ENSE00003749574	71998272	71998394
ENSE00003752313	71963205	71963351
ENSE00003754068	71986221	71986469
ENSE00003754653	71947492	71947591

Expression profiles

Bgee: expression breadth broad, 42 present calls, max score 68.65.

FANTOM5 (CAGE): breadth tissue_specific, TPM avg 0.0586 / max 28.7461, expressed in 9 samples.

FANTOM5 promoters (2 alternative TSS)

Promoter ID	TPM avg	Samples expressed
158050	0.0543	9
158051	0.0043	3

Top tissues by expression

98 total, by Bgee expression score (0-100, higher = more expressed):

Tissue	Anatomy ID	Expression score	Quality
male germ line stem cell (sensu Vertebrata) in testis	CL:0000089 ∩ UBERON:0000473	68.65	silver quality
right lobe of liver	UBERON:0001114	57.59	gold quality
liver	UBERON:0002107	56.29	gold quality
bone marrow cell	CL:0002092	52.33	gold quality
sural nerve	UBERON:0015488	49.87	gold quality
right atrium auricular region	UBERON:0006631	49.84	gold quality
bone marrow	UBERON:0002371	48.65	gold quality
pituitary gland	UBERON:0000007	48.26	gold quality
duodenum	UBERON:0002114	48.26	gold quality
olfactory segment of nasal mucosa	UBERON:0005386	48.17	gold quality
skeletal muscle tissue	UBERON:0001134	47.51	gold quality
stromal cell of endometrium	CL:0002255	47.43	gold quality
placenta	UBERON:0001987	47.18	gold quality
monocyte	CL:0000576	47.01	silver quality
leukocyte	CL:0000738	46.37	silver quality
adenohypophysis	UBERON:0002196	46.24	gold quality
muscle tissue	UBERON:0002385	46.16	gold quality
small intestine	UBERON:0002108	46.07	gold quality
lymph node	UBERON:0000029	45.95	silver quality
small intestine Peyer’s patch	UBERON:0003454	45.20	gold quality
blood	UBERON:0000178	44.99	gold quality
omental fat pad	UBERON:0010414	44.92	gold quality
tonsil	UBERON:0002372	44.75	gold quality
vermiform appendix	UBERON:0001154	44.24	silver quality
primordial germ cell in gonad	CL:0000670 ∩ UBERON:0000991	44.12	silver quality
right adrenal gland cortex	UBERON:0035827	42.77	gold quality
adipose tissue	UBERON:0001013	42.17	gold quality
ganglionic eminence	UBERON:0004023	42.02	gold quality
heart	UBERON:0000948	41.94	gold quality
mucosa of stomach	UBERON:0001199	41.94	silver quality

Single-cell (SCXA)

Detected in 1 experiment(s), a significant marker in 1.

Experiment	Marker?	Max mean expression
E-ANND-3	yes	6.44

Regulation

Is transcription factor: no

Literature-anchored findings (GeneRIF, showing 5)

• genes are mapped to chromosomes and gene structures are characterized; protein structure is predicted and contains strong ion channel signature motifs that suggest their possible function as components of cation channel pores (PMID:12782129)
• the PKD2L1-PKD1L3 complex is involved in acid sensing in vivo (PMID:20406802)
• Among the three gustatory regions innervated by peripheral gustatory neurons in the geniculate ganglion, transgenic Pkd1l3 is expressed in the foliate papillae, not in the fungiform papillae or palate. (PMID:21883212)
• functions as a channel-forming subunit in an acid-sensing heteromeric complex formed by PKD1L3 and TRPP3 (PMID:23212381)
• our study identified C1 as the first PKD2L1 domain essential for both PKD2L1 trimerization and channel function, and suggest that PKD2L1 and PKD2L1/PKD1L3 channels share the PKD2L1 trimerization process. (PMID:25820328)

Cross-species orthologs

9 orthologs

Organism	Symbol	Gene ID
danio_rerio	pkd1a	ENSDARG00000030417
danio_rerio	pkd1b	ENSDARG00000033029
danio_rerio	pkd1l2b	ENSDARG00000088121
danio_rerio	pkd1l2b	ENSDARG00000101214
danio_rerio	pkd1l2a	ENSDARG00000105344
mus_musculus	Pkd1l3	ENSMUSG00000048827
rattus_norvegicus	Pkd1l3	ENSRNOG00000052310
drosophila_melanogaster	Pkd2	FBGN0041195
caenorhabditis_elegans		WBGENE00004035

Paralogs (10): PKD1 (ENSG00000008710), PKD2L2 (ENSG00000078795), PKD2L1 (ENSG00000107593), PKD2 (ENSG00000118762), PKDREJ (ENSG00000130943), PKD1L1 (ENSG00000158683), PKD1L2 (ENSG00000166473), LOXHD1 (ENSG00000167210), DENND5B (ENSG00000170456), DENND5A (ENSG00000184014)

Protein

Protein identifiers

Polycystin-1-like protein 3 — Q7Z443 (reviewed: Q7Z443)

Alternative names: PC1-like 3 protein, Polycystic kidney disease protein 1-like 3

All UniProt accessions (1): Q7Z443

UniProt curated annotations — full annotation on UniProt →

Function. Pore-forming subunit of a heterotetrameric, non-selective cation channel that is permeable to Ca(2+). Also shows permeability towards NA(1+), K(+) and Mg(2+). Heterotetrameric complex channel is activated by external low pH and Ca(2+), but opens only when the extracellular pH rises again and after the removal of acid stimulus. May act as a sour taste receptor in gustatory cells; however, its contribution to sour taste perception is unclear in vivo and may be indirect.

Subunit / interactions. Heterotetramer with PKD2L1, composed of 3 subunit of PKD2L1 and 1 subunit of PKD1L3.

Subcellular location. Cell membrane.

Tissue specificity. Highly expressed in placenta, weakly in heart and lung.

Post-translational modifications. Autoproteolytically processed at the GPS region of the GAIN-B domain; this cleavage modulates receptor activity.

Activity regulation. The non-selective cation channel is gated following an off-response property by acid: gated open after the removal of acid stimulus, but not during acid application. Regulation of non-selective cation channel activity by external Ca(2+) is bimodal, first sensitizing and subsequently inactivating the current.

Similarity. Belongs to the polycystin family.

RefSeq proteins (1): NP_853514* (*=MANE)

Domains & families (InterPro)

ID	Name	Type
IPR000203	GPS	Conserved_site
IPR000434	PC1	Family
IPR001024	PLAT/LH2_dom	Domain
IPR001304	C-type_lectin-like	Domain
IPR013122	PKD1_2_channel	Domain
IPR016186	C-type_lectin-like/link_sf	Homologous_superfamily
IPR016187	CTDL_fold	Homologous_superfamily
IPR036392	PLAT/LH2_dom_sf	Homologous_superfamily
IPR042060	PLAT_polycystin1	Domain
IPR046338	GAIN_dom_sf	Homologous_superfamily
IPR051223	Polycystin	Family
IPR057244	GAIN_B	Domain

Pfam: PF00059, PF01477, PF01825, PF08016

Catalyzed reactions (Rhea), 4 shown:

• K(+)(in) = K(+)(out) (RHEA:29463)
• Ca(2+)(in) = Ca(2+)(out) (RHEA:29671)
• Mg(2+)(in) = Mg(2+)(out) (RHEA:29827)
• Na(+)(in) = Na(+)(out) (RHEA:34963)

UniProt features (50 total): topological domain 12, transmembrane region 11, sequence variant 10, glycosylation site 5, disulfide bond 4, domain 3, region of interest 2, signal peptide 1, chain 1, site 1

Structure

Experimental structures (PDB)

0 structures.

Predicted structure (AlphaFold)

Model	pLDDT	Fraction very-high
AF-Q7Z443-F1	65.18	0.04

Functional residue map

Curated UniProt residues grouped by drug-discovery relevance — catalytic, ligand-binding, modification, and mutation-validated positions. Source: UniProtKB sequence features.

Catalytic / active sites (1): 668–669 (cleavage; by autolysis)

Disulfide bonds (4): 51–137, 112–129, 635–663, 650–665

Glycosylation sites (5): 286, 363, 515, 537, 575

Function

Pathways and Gene Ontology

Reactome pathways

0 pathways

MSigDB gene sets: 52 (showing top): chr16q22, GOCC_CELL_SURFACE, GOBP_SENSORY_PERCEPTION_OF_CHEMICAL_STIMULUS, GOBP_MONOATOMIC_CATION_TRANSPORT, GOBP_DETECTION_OF_MECHANICAL_STIMULUS, GOBP_DETECTION_OF_CHEMICAL_STIMULUS_INVOLVED_IN_SENSORY_PERCEPTION_OF_TASTE, GOBP_SENSORY_PERCEPTION_OF_TASTE, GOBP_RESPONSE_TO_ABIOTIC_STIMULUS, GOBP_RESPONSE_TO_PH, GOBP_CELLULAR_RESPONSE_TO_PH, GOBP_DETECTION_OF_ABIOTIC_STIMULUS, GOBP_DETECTION_OF_STIMULUS, GOBP_SENSORY_PERCEPTION, GOBP_RESPONSE_TO_ACIDIC_PH, GOBP_CALCIUM_ION_TRANSMEMBRANE_TRANSPORT

GO Biological Process (10): detection of chemical stimulus involved in sensory perception of sour taste (GO:0001581), monoatomic cation transport (GO:0006812), sensory perception of sour taste (GO:0050915), detection of mechanical stimulus (GO:0050982), calcium ion transmembrane transport (GO:0070588), cellular response to acidic pH (GO:0071468), monoatomic cation transmembrane transport (GO:0098655), monoatomic ion transport (GO:0006811), calcium ion transport (GO:0006816), monoatomic ion transmembrane transport (GO:0034220)

GO Molecular Function (8): calcium-activated cation channel activity (GO:0005227), calcium channel activity (GO:0005262), carbohydrate binding (GO:0030246), pH-gated monoatomic ion channel activity (GO:0160128), monoatomic cation channel activity (GO:0005261), protein binding (GO:0005515), monoatomic cation transmembrane transporter activity (GO:0008324), sour taste receptor activity (GO:0033040)

GO Cellular Component (6): plasma membrane (GO:0005886), membrane (GO:0016020), cation channel complex (GO:0034703), signaling receptor complex (GO:0043235), extracellular exosome (GO:0070062), cell surface (GO:0009986)

GO top-level categories

Rollup of top GO terms by namespace:

Category	Terms
monoatomic ion transport	2
monoatomic cation transmembrane transport	2
binding	2
cellular anatomical structure	2
detection of chemical stimulus involved in sensory perception of taste	1
sensory perception of sour taste	1
sensory perception of taste	1
detection of external stimulus	1
detection of abiotic stimulus	1
response to mechanical stimulus	1
calcium ion transport	1
response to acidic pH	1
cellular response to pH	1
monoatomic cation transport	1
monoatomic ion transmembrane transport	1
transport	1
metal ion transport	1
transmembrane transport	1
monoatomic ion-gated channel activity	1
ligand-gated monoatomic cation channel activity	1
monoatomic cation channel activity	1
calcium ion transmembrane transporter activity	1
ligand-gated monoatomic ion channel activity	1
monoatomic ion channel activity	1
monoatomic cation transmembrane transporter activity	1
monoatomic ion transmembrane transporter activity	1
detection of chemical stimulus involved in sensory perception of sour taste	1
taste receptor activity	1
membrane	1
cell periphery	1
monoatomic ion channel complex	1
protein-containing complex	1
extracellular vesicle	1

Protein interactions and networks

STRING

708 interactions, top by confidence (×1000):

Protein A	Protein B	Partner UniProt	Score
PKD1L3	PKD2L1	Q9P0L9	989
PKD1L3	TRPM5	Q9NZQ8	939
PKD1L3	PRKD1	Q15139	785
PKD1L3	PLAT	P00750	680
PKD1L3	TAS1R2	Q8TE23	651
PKD1L3	TAS1R1	Q7RTX1	632
PKD1L3	TAS1R3	Q7RTX0	613
PKD1L3	PKD2L2	Q9NZM6	590
PKD1L3	TAS2R60	P59551	573
PKD1L3	TAS2R42	Q7RTR8	572
PKD1L3	TAS2R41	P59536	560
PKD1L3	TAS2R50	P59544	542
PKD1L3	PLCB2	Q00722	535
PKD1L3	GNAT3	A8MTJ3	522
PKD1L3	TAS2R39	P59534	519

IntAct

5 interactions, top by confidence:

A	B	Type	Score
PKD1L3	AP2M1	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.400
PKD1L3	PKD2L1	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.400
KLHL22	TRAV18	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
VHL	PKD1L3	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.000

BioGRID (4): PKD1L3 (Affinity Capture-MS), PKD1L3 (Affinity Capture-MS), AP2M1 (Proximity Label-MS), PKD1L3 (Affinity Capture-MS)

ESM2 similar proteins: A0JPE1, A0JPH4, A2VDJ0, A4D0V7, A4IH36, A6H684, O75129, O88199, O95170, P16047, P23352, P33005, P97793, Q05004, Q08DV9, Q3U095, Q3U3D7, Q52KP5, Q5NDE4, Q5XI89, Q60943, Q68CR1, Q6L8S8, Q6L9W6, Q6PKC3, Q6Q2W4, Q6UWF7, Q7LFX5, Q7T2L7, Q7TN22, Q7Z443, Q80TS8, Q8CHI9, Q8JZL1, Q8K2W3, Q8N323, Q8N6G5, Q8NFM7, Q90369, Q91XQ5

Diamond homologs: A2RSQ0, B8UU59, C8YR32, E7FKV8, G3V7Q0, O08852, O16025, P09917, P12527, P48999, P51399, P98161, Q09624, Q2EG98, Q6IQ26, Q6NXD8, Q6PAL8, Q6ZUT9, Q7TN88, Q7Z442, Q7Z443, Q8IVV2, Q8R526, Q8TDX9, Q9NTG1, Q9Z0T6, A1Z7G7, B3MFV7, B4HS00, C0HK23, C6KFA3, O88917, O88923, O94910, O97817, O97831, P06734, Q13563, Q2LK54, Q80TR1

SIGNOR signaling

0 interactions.

Disease & clinical

Clinical variants and AI predictions

ClinVar

307 variants total. Per-class counts are floors (≥ shown; pagination cap):

Classification	Count (floor)
Pathogenic	0
Likely pathogenic	0
Uncertain significance	261
Likely benign	25
Benign	6

Top pathogenic / likely-pathogenic (0)

SpliceAI

4067 predictions. Top by Δscore:

Variant	Effect	Δscore
16:71930048:CTAC:C	donor_loss	1.0000
16:71930049:TA:T	donor_loss	1.0000
16:71930051:C:A	donor_loss	1.0000
16:71930182:ACCTG:A	acceptor_gain	1.0000
16:71930183:CCTG:C	acceptor_gain	1.0000
16:71930183:CCTGG:C	acceptor_loss	1.0000
16:71930184:C:A	acceptor_gain	1.0000
16:71930184:C:CG	acceptor_loss	1.0000
16:71933414:TTTTA:T	donor_loss	1.0000
16:71933415:TTTAC:T	donor_loss	1.0000
16:71933416:TTA:T	donor_loss	1.0000
16:71933417:TAC:T	donor_loss	1.0000
16:71933418:A:C	donor_loss	1.0000
16:71933418:ACCT:A	donor_gain	1.0000
16:71933419:C:CT	donor_loss	1.0000
16:71933419:CCTC:C	donor_gain	1.0000
16:71933421:T:TA	donor_gain	1.0000
16:71933517:TTAAA:T	acceptor_gain	1.0000
16:71933518:TAAA:T	acceptor_gain	1.0000
16:71933519:AAA:A	acceptor_gain	1.0000
16:71933519:AAAC:A	acceptor_loss	1.0000
16:71933520:AA:A	acceptor_gain	1.0000
16:71933521:ACTG:A	acceptor_loss	1.0000
16:71933522:C:CC	acceptor_gain	1.0000
16:71933522:C:CG	acceptor_loss	1.0000
16:71933913:A:AC	donor_gain	1.0000
16:71933914:C:CC	donor_gain	1.0000
16:71933914:CGG:C	donor_gain	1.0000
16:71933926:AG:A	donor_gain	1.0000
16:71935517:CC:C	acceptor_gain	1.0000

AlphaMissense

11384 scored. Top likely-pathogenic:

Variant	Protein change	am_pathogenicity
16:71970091:G:C	S656R	0.994
16:71970091:G:T	S656R	0.994
16:71970093:T:G	S656R	0.994
16:71973342:C:A	W645C	0.989
16:71973342:C:G	W645C	0.989
16:71949906:G:C	S1165R	0.988
16:71949906:G:T	S1165R	0.988
16:71949908:T:G	S1165R	0.988
16:71999736:C:A	W81C	0.988
16:71999736:C:G	W81C	0.988
16:71967217:G:C	F795L	0.987
16:71967217:G:T	F795L	0.987
16:71967219:A:G	F795L	0.987
16:71963297:G:C	F840L	0.984
16:71963297:G:T	F840L	0.984
16:71963299:A:G	F840L	0.984
16:71998285:G:C	F135L	0.984
16:71998285:G:T	F135L	0.984
16:71998287:A:G	F135L	0.984
16:71999827:C:G	C51S	0.984
16:71999828:A:T	C51S	0.984
16:71973328:C:G	C650S	0.983
16:71973329:A:T	C650S	0.983
16:71973363:C:A	W638C	0.983
16:71973363:C:G	W638C	0.983
16:71973372:A:C	C635W	0.983
16:71973374:A:G	C635R	0.983
16:71970065:C:G	C665S	0.980
16:71970066:A:T	C665S	0.980
16:71970064:A:C	C665W	0.979

dbSNP variants (sampled 300 via entrez): RS1000000653 (16:71996506 C>A,T), RS1000111891 (16:71934254 C>A,G), RS1000144387 (16:71934412 T>C,G), RS1000193443 (16:71980116 T>C), RS1000237985 (16:71944489 C>T), RS1000261062 (16:71972496 C>A,T), RS1000311383 (16:71939473 A>C), RS1000334233 (16:71999054 G>A,C), RS1000344998 (16:71929744 A>C,G), RS1000384896 (16:71998919 T>C), RS1000390534 (16:71992480 A>G), RS1000425785 (16:71988495 A>G), RS1000440844 (16:71994946 C>G,T), RS1000473914 (16:71958629 A>T), RS1000513930 (16:71954931 G>A,C)

Disease associations

OMIM: gene MIM:607895 | disease phenotypes: MIM:190300

GenCC curated gene-disease

Mondo (1): essential tremor (MONDO:0003233)

Orphanet (1): NON RARE IN EUROPE: Hereditary essential tremor (Orphanet:862)

HPO phenotypes

0 total (0 of 0 shown, HPO-id order):

GWAS associations

20 associations (top):

Study	Trait	p-value
GCST000253_4	Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and conduct disorder	7.000000e-06
GCST002890_1	Prostate cancer	1.000000e-07
GCST003194_31	Fibrinogen levels	3.000000e-12
GCST003329_10	Response to anti-TNF therapy in rheumatoid arthritis	9.000000e-06
GCST004121_8	Fibrinogen levels	1.000000e-08
GCST004231_4	Total cholesterol levels	1.000000e-13
GCST004233_57	LDL cholesterol levels	4.000000e-15
GCST004235_80	Total cholesterol levels	6.000000e-13
GCST004236_4	LDL cholesterol levels	1.000000e-14
GCST005194_123	Coronary artery disease	3.000000e-06
GCST005316_207	Intelligence (MTAG)	5.000000e-10
GCST005829_27	Hand grip strength	3.000000e-08
GCST006269_317	General cognitive ability	1.000000e-11
GCST009917_2	LDL cholesterol levels	5.000000e-08
GCST009919_1	Total cholesterol levels	3.000000e-07
GCST010002_114	Refractive error	4.000000e-10
GCST010118_58	Type 2 diabetes	6.000000e-09
GCST011365_110	Myocardial infarction	1.000000e-07
GCST011742_34	Triglyceride levels in HIV infection	9.000000e-06
GCST90002397_247	Mean spheric corpuscular volume	5.000000e-12

EFO canonical traits (7, from GWAS)

EFO ID	Trait name
EFO:0004653	response to TNF antagonist
EFO:0004574	total cholesterol measurement
EFO:0004611	low density lipoprotein cholesterol measurement
EFO:0004337	intelligence
EFO:0006941	grip strength measurement
EFO:0007804	LDL cholesterol change measurement
EFO:0004530	triglyceride measurement

MeSH disease descriptors (1)

Descriptor	Name	Tree numbers
D020329	Essential Tremor	C10.228.662.350

Drugs & pharmacology

Drug and pharmacology data

Is drug target: no

PharmGKB: 1 entry (VIP=true, CPIC=false)

PharmGKB variants

1 variants.

Variant	Genes	Level	Score	#Clin annots	Drugs
rs3213422	ATP5A1P3, DHODH, PKD1L3	3	0.00	1	leflunomide

CTD chemical–gene interactions

12 total (human), top 12 by PubMed support.

Chemical	Actions (top 5)	PubMed papers
aristolochic acid I	increases expression	1
sodium arsenite	increases expression	1
butyraldehyde	decreases expression	1
licochalcone B	increases expression	1
theaflavin-3,3’-digallate	affects expression	1
Resveratrol	affects cotreatment, decreases expression	1
Benzo(a)pyrene	increases methylation	1
Plant Extracts	affects cotreatment, decreases expression	1
Smoke	increases expression	1
Tobacco Smoke Pollution	affects expression	1
Propofol	decreases expression	1
Okadaic Acid	decreases expression	1

Clinical trials (associated diseases)

235 trials via MONDO — disease-level, not drug-specific.

Trial	Phase	Status	Title
NCT00439699	PHASE4	COMPLETED	A Pilot Clinical Trial Of Memantine for Essential Tremor
NCT00584376	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Pregabalin (Lyrica) for the Treatment of Essential Tremor
NCT00998660	PHASE4	COMPLETED	RECHARGE Sub-Study to the Implantable Systems Performance Registry (ISPR)
NCT02111369	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Propranolol and Botulinum Toxin for Essential Vocal Tremor
NCT02495883	PHASE4	COMPLETED	Functional Imaging of Tremor Circuits and Mechanisms of Treatment Response
NCT00018564	PHASE3	COMPLETED	Novel Therapies for Essential Tremor
NCT00236496	PHASE3	COMPLETED	A Comparison of the Efficacy and Safety of Topiramate Versus Placebo in Treating Tremor of Unknown Cause.
NCT01441284	PHASE3	WITHDRAWN	Efficacy of Pramipexole Extended Release in the Treatment of Essential Tremor
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