PLEKHA2

gene
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Also known as TAPP2

Summary

PLEKHA2 (pleckstrin homology domain containing A2, HGNC:14336) is a protein-coding gene on chromosome 8p11.22, encoding Pleckstrin homology domain-containing family A member 2 (Q9HB19). Binds specifically to phosphatidylinositol 3,4-diphosphate (PtdIns3,4P2), but not to other phosphoinositides.

Enables fibronectin binding activity; laminin binding activity; and phosphatidylinositol-3,4-bisphosphate binding activity. Involved in positive regulation of cell-matrix adhesion. Located in cytoplasm and membrane. Part of protein-containing complex.

Source: NCBI Gene 59339 — RefSeq curated summary.

At a glance

  • GWAS associations: 2
  • Clinical variants (ClinVar): 54 total
  • MANE Select transcript: NM_021623

Identifiers

Gene identifiers

FieldValue
HGNC IDHGNC:14336
Approved symbolPLEKHA2
Namepleckstrin homology domain containing A2
Location8p11.22
Locus typegene with protein product
StatusApproved
AliasesTAPP2
Ensembl geneENSG00000169499
Ensembl biotypeprotein_coding
OMIM607773
Entrez59339

Gene structure

Transcript identifiers

Ensembl transcripts: 10 — 6 protein_coding, 3 protein_coding_CDS_not_defined, 1 retained_intron

ENST00000518070, ENST00000518939, ENST00000519640, ENST00000521123, ENST00000521382, ENST00000521746, ENST00000616834, ENST00000616927, ENST00000617275, ENST00000903010

RefSeq mRNA: 2 — MANE Select: NM_021623 NM_001410925, NM_021623

CCDS: CCDS75732, CCDS94287

Canonical transcript exons

ENST00000617275 — 12 exons

ExonStartEnd
ENSE000035267343895085038950990
ENSE000035425643895263638952704
ENSE000035794003895216638952312
ENSE000035920623891790738918070
ENSE000036192693894378938943837
ENSE000036299633893599438936050
ENSE000037136473896942138973912
ENSE000037161533895329738953367
ENSE000037247043895732338957386
ENSE000037322473890134638901445
ENSE000037356473896859238968669
ENSE000037884063894612438946221

Expression profiles

Bgee: expression breadth ubiquitous, 265 present calls, max score 97.02.

FANTOM5 (CAGE): breadth ubiquitous, TPM avg 17.7278 / max 255.1682, expressed in 1716 samples.

FANTOM5 promoters (8 alternative TSS)

Promoter IDTPM avgSamples expressed
885457.95361486
885442.85351058
885402.58621310
885421.2954622
885411.2739746
885431.1515531
885460.3540173
885390.2599114

Top tissues by expression

288 total, by Bgee expression score (0-100, higher = more expressed):

TissueAnatomy IDExpression scoreQuality
synovial jointUBERON:000221797.02gold quality
visceral pleuraUBERON:000240196.89gold quality
parietal pleuraUBERON:000240096.74gold quality
amniotic fluidUBERON:000017396.12gold quality
middle temporal gyrusUBERON:000277195.92gold quality
epithelium of nasopharynxUBERON:000195195.68gold quality
palpebral conjunctivaUBERON:000181295.61gold quality
dorsal root ganglionUBERON:000004495.43gold quality
germinal epithelium of ovaryUBERON:000130495.22gold quality
superficial temporal arteryUBERON:000161495.08gold quality
trigeminal ganglionUBERON:000167595.07gold quality
seminal vesicleUBERON:000099894.98gold quality
trabecular bone tissueUBERON:000248394.88gold quality
lymph nodeUBERON:000002994.76gold quality
pleuraUBERON:000097794.63gold quality
vena cavaUBERON:000408794.45gold quality
endothelial cellCL:000011594.35gold quality
tendon of biceps brachiiUBERON:000818894.34gold quality
Brodmann (1909) area 23UBERON:001355494.26gold quality
heart right ventricleUBERON:000208094.13gold quality
saphenous veinUBERON:000731893.87gold quality
adult organismUBERON:000702393.72gold quality
urethraUBERON:000005793.41gold quality
esophagus squamous epitheliumUBERON:000692093.31gold quality
renal medullaUBERON:000036293.15gold quality
pericardiumUBERON:000240792.92gold quality
pigmented layer of retinaUBERON:000178292.84gold quality
colonic epitheliumUBERON:000039792.70gold quality
monocyteCL:000057692.68gold quality
caput epididymisUBERON:000435892.68gold quality

Single-cell (SCXA)

Detected in 3 experiment(s), a significant marker in 3.

ExperimentMarker?Max mean expression
E-CURD-119yes22.44
E-MTAB-9067yes17.51
E-ANND-3yes10.79

Regulation

Is transcription factor: no

Upstream regulators (CollecTRI, top): NR1I2

miRNA regulators (miRDB)

122 targeting PLEKHA2, top 30 by miRDB confidence (max_score; target_count = how many genes the miRNA targets in total — lower means more specific):

miRNAMax scoreAvg scoremiRNA target_count
HSA-MIR-8485100.0077.574731
HSA-MIR-9-5P100.0072.282361
HSA-MIR-7110-3P100.0073.182486
HSA-MIR-6873-3P100.0071.422626
HSA-MIR-513A-5P100.0069.772465
HSA-MIR-3646100.0073.565283
HSA-MIR-366299.9973.825684
HSA-MIR-548C-3P99.9974.017587
HSA-MIR-186-5P99.9970.833707
HSA-MIR-150-5P99.9966.691976
HSA-MIR-428299.9975.366408
HSA-MIR-371B-5P99.9975.344759
HSA-MIR-477599.9875.006394
HSA-MIR-373-5P99.9875.364753
HSA-MIR-616-5P99.9875.584775
HSA-MIR-27A-3P99.9872.132955
HSA-MIR-27B-3P99.9872.132955
HSA-MIR-998599.9872.112939
HSA-MIR-3065-5P99.9771.563281
HSA-MIR-570-3P99.9672.414910
HSA-MIR-211099.9666.681930
HSA-MIR-6778-3P99.9667.292693
HSA-MIR-548AJ-3P99.9673.385345
HSA-MIR-548X-3P99.9673.385345
HSA-MIR-590-3P99.9674.346478
HSA-MIR-23A-3P99.9574.243163
HSA-MIR-23B-3P99.9574.243163
HSA-MIR-23C99.9573.923192
HSA-MIR-1236-3P99.9468.041695
HSA-MIR-548J-3P99.9472.614881

Literature-anchored findings (GeneRIF, showing 2)

  • These findings identify TAPP2 as a novel link between PI3K signaling and the cytoskeleton with potential relevance for leukemia progression. (PMID:19786618)
  • This study identified TAPP2 as a novel regulator of malignant B cell migration. (PMID:23460911)

Cross-species orthologs

3 orthologs

OrganismSymbolGene ID
danio_rerioplekha2ENSDARG00000078221
mus_musculusPlekha2ENSMUSG00000031557
rattus_norvegicusPlekha2ENSRNOG00000066109

Paralogs (1): PLEKHA1 (ENSG00000107679)

Protein

Protein identifiers

Pleckstrin homology domain-containing family A member 2Q9HB19 (reviewed: Q9HB19)

Alternative names: Tandem PH domain-containing protein 2

All UniProt accessions (5): A0A087WZ32, A0A087X038, E5RGP3, E5RHB5, Q9HB19

UniProt curated annotations — full annotation on UniProt →

Function. Binds specifically to phosphatidylinositol 3,4-diphosphate (PtdIns3,4P2), but not to other phosphoinositides. May recruit other proteins to the plasma membrane.

Subunit / interactions. Binds MPDZ and PTPN13.

Subcellular location. Cytoplasm. Cell membrane. Nucleus.

Tissue specificity. Highly expressed in heart, kidney, spleen and peripheral blood leukocytes. Detected at lower levels in brain, skeletal muscle, colon, thymus, liver, small intestine, placenta and lung.

RefSeq proteins (2): NP_001397854, NP_067636* (*=MANE)

Domains & families (InterPro)

IDNameType
IPR001849PH_domainDomain
IPR011993PH-like_dom_sfHomologous_superfamily
IPR051707PI-Interact_SigTrans_RegFamily

Pfam: PF00169

UniProt features (13 total): modified residue 3, domain 2, region of interest 2, compositionally biased region 2, chain 1, cross-link 1, sequence variant 1, sequence conflict 1

Structure

Experimental structures (PDB)

0 structures.

Predicted structure (AlphaFold)

ModelpLDDTFraction very-high
AF-Q9HB19-F172.120.44

Functional residue map

Curated UniProt residues grouped by drug-discovery relevance — catalytic, ligand-binding, modification, and mutation-validated positions. Source: UniProtKB sequence features.

Post-translational modifications (4): 141, 184, 314, 349

Function

Pathways and Gene Ontology

Reactome pathways

1 pathways

IDPathway
R-HSA-1660499Synthesis of PIPs at the plasma membrane

MSigDB gene sets: 206 (showing top): GRAESSMANN_APOPTOSIS_BY_SERUM_DEPRIVATION_DN, GOBP_POSITIVE_REGULATION_OF_CELL_ADHESION, GOBP_POSITIVE_REGULATION_OF_CELL_MATRIX_ADHESION, FOSTER_TOLERANT_MACROPHAGE_UP, PID_PI3KCI_PATHWAY, GOBP_REGULATION_OF_CELL_SUBSTRATE_ADHESION, GOBP_REGULATION_OF_CELL_MATRIX_ADHESION, GOBP_CELL_SUBSTRATE_ADHESION, MARTORIATI_MDM4_TARGETS_FETAL_LIVER_UP, GOBP_CELL_MATRIX_ADHESION, GOBP_POSITIVE_REGULATION_OF_CELL_SUBSTRATE_ADHESION, SENESE_HDAC3_TARGETS_DN, PASQUALUCCI_LYMPHOMA_BY_GC_STAGE_DN, GOMF_EXTRACELLULAR_MATRIX_BINDING, THUM_SYSTOLIC_HEART_FAILURE_DN

GO Biological Process (1): positive regulation of cell-matrix adhesion (GO:0001954)

GO Molecular Function (7): fibronectin binding (GO:0001968), phospholipid binding (GO:0005543), PDZ domain binding (GO:0030165), laminin binding (GO:0043236), phosphatidylinositol-3,4-bisphosphate binding (GO:0043325), protein binding (GO:0005515), lipid binding (GO:0008289)

GO Cellular Component (5): nucleus (GO:0005634), cytoplasm (GO:0005737), plasma membrane (GO:0005886), membrane (GO:0016020), protein-containing complex (GO:0032991)

Reactome top-level categories

Rollup of top-1 pathways:

CategoryPathways
PI Metabolism1

GO top-level categories

Rollup of top GO terms by namespace:

CategoryTerms
protein binding2
binding2
cellular anatomical structure2
regulation of cell-matrix adhesion1
cell-matrix adhesion1
positive regulation of cell-substrate adhesion1
lipid binding1
protein domain specific binding1
extracellular matrix binding1
phosphatidylinositol bisphosphate binding1
intracellular membrane-bounded organelle1
intracellular anatomical structure1
membrane1
cell periphery1
cellular_component1

Protein interactions and networks

STRING

1372 interactions, top by confidence (×1000):

Protein AProtein BPartner UniProtScore
PLEKHA2PLEK2Q9NYT0717
PLEKHA2TM2D2Q9BX73620
PLEKHA2HTRA4P83105544
PLEKHA2UTRNP46939531
PLEKHA2ADAM32Q8TC27516
PLEKHA2PLEKHA3Q9HB20509
PLEKHA2TACC1O75410478
PLEKHA2PLEKHA8Q96JA3475
PLEKHA2FAM110AQ9BQ89470
PLEKHA2ZMAT4Q9H898439
PLEKHA2DCUN1D2Q6PH85439
PLEKHA2TUBGCP5Q96RT8414
PLEKHA2TACC2O95359402
PLEKHA2STXBP4Q6ZWJ1400
PLEKHA2PLEKHA4Q9H4M7394

IntAct

201 interactions, top by confidence:

ABTypeScore
PLEKHA2MPDZpsi-mi:“MI:0407”(direct interaction)0.700
PLEKHA2MPDZpsi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)0.700
LNX1PLEKHA2psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)0.680
DLG3PLEKHA2psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)0.680
DLG2PLEKHA2psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)0.680
PLEKHA2SNTG1psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)0.680
PLEKHA2SNTG1psi-mi:“MI:0407”(direct interaction)0.680
PLEKHA2LNX1psi-mi:“MI:0407”(direct interaction)0.680
PLEKHA2DLG3psi-mi:“MI:0407”(direct interaction)0.680
PLEKHA2DLG2psi-mi:“MI:0407”(direct interaction)0.680
YWHAHPLEKHG3psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.610
PLEKHA2PTPN13psi-mi:“MI:0407”(direct interaction)0.610
PTPN13PLEKHA2psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)0.610
MPDZSMCHD1psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)0.590
PLEKHA2SNTB1psi-mi:“MI:0407”(direct interaction)0.590
PLEKHA2SNTA1psi-mi:“MI:0407”(direct interaction)0.590
PLEKHA2EGLN3psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)0.560
PLEKHA2TEPSINpsi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)0.560
M1APPLEKHA2psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)0.560
KANK2PLEKHA2psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)0.560
GOLGA2PLEKHA2psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)0.560
PLEKHA2COG6psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)0.560

BioGRID (117): PLEKHA2 (Proximity Label-MS), PLEKHA2 (Affinity Capture-RNA), PLEKHA2 (Affinity Capture-RNA), PLEKHA2 (Affinity Capture-MS), PLEKHA2 (Proximity Label-MS), PTPN13 (Reconstituted Complex), YWHAH (Affinity Capture-MS), KRAS (Affinity Capture-MS), YWHAQ (Affinity Capture-MS), GRB2 (Affinity Capture-MS), RAC2 (Affinity Capture-MS), RALA (Affinity Capture-MS), PTPN6 (Affinity Capture-MS), UTRN (Affinity Capture-MS), TUBGCP2 (Affinity Capture-MS)

ESM2 similar proteins: A1L2W9, B2RQE8, B5XG43, G9CGD6, O08969, O88387, P59113, Q0V987, Q0VC85, Q1KKW7, Q1KKZ1, Q32LP0, Q3UUV5, Q3ZBA3, Q4V7G1, Q503L1, Q53GA4, Q5FVW6, Q5PQT7, Q5R8M5, Q5U597, Q5XGP7, Q5ZL23, Q6P0G8, Q6PG29, Q7Z628, Q7Z6J4, Q80VL0, Q80YS6, Q86UX7, Q86WV1, Q8AW35, Q8BY35, Q8IZC4, Q8K1B8, Q8N556, Q8VH46, Q91ZM9, Q91ZT5, Q925E0

Diamond homologs: B6RSP1, D3ZL52, G9CGD6, O08967, O43739, P54644, P60669, P97434, P97696, Q3UIL6, Q5DU31, Q6IQ23, Q6WCQ1, Q6ZNL6, Q7TQG1, Q80UZ0, Q80VL0, Q80YA9, Q86IV4, Q8BH49, Q8C4V1, Q8N264, Q8N4B1, Q8VC98, Q8WWN9, Q8WXI2, Q99KW3, Q9ERE6, Q9ERS5, Q9H4M7, Q9HAU0, Q9HB19, Q9Y2H5, Q9Z1T4, A1CYS1, A2QNQ5, A6QLU3, P09851, P20936, P42331

SIGNOR signaling

0 interactions.

Enriched among interaction partners

Reactome pathways and GO biological processes over-represented among this gene’s 109 IntAct physical interaction partners (hypergeometric vs the genome-wide background, BH-FDR, gene-set size 15–500, ranked by fold). A functional readout of the neighbourhood — distinct from this gene’s own memberships above, and biased toward well-studied / hub proteins, so read it as themes rather than proof.

Reactome pathways:

PathwayPartnersFoldFDR
Activation of BAD and translocation to mitochondria663.4×2e-08
Chk1/Chk2(Cds1) mediated inactivation of Cyclin B:Cdk1 complex656.0×3e-08
SARS-CoV-1 targets host intracellular signalling and regulatory pathways656.0×3e-08
Activation of BH3-only proteins641.4×2e-07
Dopamine Neurotransmitter Release Cycle534.5×6e-06
Assembly and cell surface presentation of NMDA receptors931.7×1e-09
RHO GTPases activate PKNs730.8×9e-08
Neurexins and neuroligins1130.1×2e-11

GO biological processes:

GO termPartnersFoldFDR
establishment or maintenance of epithelial cell apical/basal polarity1056.4×6e-13
protein localization to synapse644.6×5e-07
receptor clustering636.4×1e-06
regulation of postsynaptic membrane neurotransmitter receptor levels733.7×3e-07
protein targeting828.4×1e-07
protein-containing complex assembly99.9×2e-05
cell-cell adhesion109.9×7e-06
intracellular protein localization99.2×4e-05

Disease & clinical

Clinical variants and AI predictions

ClinVar

54 variants total. Per-class counts are floors (≥ shown; pagination cap):

ClassificationCount (floor)
Pathogenic0
Likely pathogenic0
Uncertain significance39
Likely benign3
Benign0

Top pathogenic / likely-pathogenic (0)

SpliceAI

2121 predictions. Top by Δscore:

VariantEffectΔscore
8:38901441:GGGGG:Gdonor_gain1.0000
8:38901442:GGGG:Gdonor_gain1.0000
8:38901442:GGGGG:Gdonor_gain1.0000
8:38901443:GGG:Gdonor_gain1.0000
8:38901443:GGGG:Gdonor_gain1.0000
8:38901444:GG:Gdonor_gain1.0000
8:38901444:GGG:Gdonor_gain1.0000
8:38901445:GG:Gdonor_gain1.0000
8:38946110:T:TAacceptor_gain1.0000
8:38946112:T:TAacceptor_gain1.0000
8:38946113:G:Aacceptor_gain1.0000
8:38946121:TAGTT:Tacceptor_loss1.0000
8:38946122:A:AGacceptor_gain1.0000
8:38946122:A:ATacceptor_loss1.0000
8:38946123:G:GTacceptor_gain1.0000
8:38946123:GT:Gacceptor_gain1.0000
8:38946123:GTT:Gacceptor_gain1.0000
8:38946123:GTTA:Gacceptor_gain1.0000
8:38946123:GTTAT:Gacceptor_gain1.0000
8:38946217:TCACC:Tdonor_gain1.0000
8:38946220:CC:Cdonor_gain1.0000
8:38946222:G:GGdonor_gain1.0000
8:38946227:T:Gdonor_gain1.0000
8:38950838:C:Aacceptor_gain1.0000
8:38950986:GCCAG:Gdonor_gain1.0000
8:38950987:CCAGG:Cdonor_loss1.0000
8:38950988:CAGGT:Cdonor_loss1.0000
8:38950989:AGGT:Adonor_loss1.0000
8:38950990:GGTGA:Gdonor_loss1.0000
8:38950991:GT:Gdonor_loss1.0000

AlphaMissense

2793 scored. Top likely-pathogenic:

VariantProtein changeam_pathogenicity
8:38917955:G:CR9P1.000
8:38917963:G:TG12W1.000
8:38917964:G:AG12E1.000
8:38917966:T:CF13L1.000
8:38917968:T:AF13L1.000
8:38917968:T:GF13L1.000
8:38946186:T:AW104R1.000
8:38946186:T:CW104R1.000
8:38946188:G:CW104C1.000
8:38946188:G:TW104C1.000
8:38952298:A:GK207E1.000
8:38952300:G:CK207N1.000
8:38952300:G:TK207N1.000
8:38952645:T:AW215R1.000
8:38952645:T:CW215R1.000
8:38952647:G:CW215C1.000
8:38952647:G:TW215C1.000
8:38952654:C:AR218S1.000
8:38952661:T:CF220S1.000
8:38957346:T:CL266P1.000
8:38957349:T:CF267S1.000
8:38968619:T:AW289R1.000
8:38968619:T:CW289R1.000
8:38917934:C:AP2H0.999
8:38917963:G:AG12R0.999
8:38917963:G:CG12R0.999
8:38917964:G:TG12V0.999
8:38917970:T:CL14P0.999
8:38918014:T:GY29D0.999
8:38918018:T:CF30S0.999

dbSNP variants (sampled 300 via entrez): RS1000045674 (8:38918771 A>G), RS1000077674 (8:38921211 T>C), RS1000165257 (8:38928269 G>A), RS1000248745 (8:38960500 G>A,T), RS1000253307 (8:38949031 C>T), RS1000364789 (8:38927976 A>C), RS1000370870 (8:38927334 AAAAAT>A), RS1000460634 (8:38973390 G>A), RS1000493382 (8:38967321 G>A,C), RS1000507103 (8:38961385 A>C), RS1000507246 (8:38945253 G>A), RS1000526216 (8:38932755 C>T), RS1000558718 (8:38901995 C>T), RS1000633156 (8:38908710 A>G), RS1000639988 (8:38938498 TG>T)

Disease associations

OMIM: gene MIM:607773 | disease phenotypes:

GenCC curated gene-disease

Mondo (0):

Orphanet (0):

HPO phenotypes

0 total (0 of 0 shown, HPO-id order):

GWAS associations

2 associations (top):

StudyTraitp-value
GCST008444_8High density lipoprotein cholesterol levels8.000000e-06
GCST90002394_275Monocyte percentage of white cells4.000000e-11

EFO canonical traits (2, from GWAS)

EFO IDTrait name
EFO:0004612high density lipoprotein cholesterol measurement
EFO:0007989monocyte percentage of leukocytes

Drugs & pharmacology

Drug and pharmacology data

Is drug target: no

PharmGKB: 1 entry (VIP=true, CPIC=false)

CTD chemical–gene interactions

63 total (human), top 30 by PubMed support.

ChemicalActions (top 5)PubMed papers
Valproic Acidaffects cotreatment, increases expression5
Benzo(a)pyrenedecreases expression, decreases methylation, increases expression, affects methylation4
7,8-Dihydro-7,8-dihydroxybenzo(a)pyrene 9,10-oxidedecreases expression3
Cyclosporinedecreases expression3
Particulate Matterincreases abundance, affects cotreatment, decreases expression3
mercuric bromideaffects cotreatment, increases expression2
entinostatincreases expression, affects cotreatment2
(+)-JQ1 compounddecreases expression2
Air Pollutantsincreases abundance, decreases expression2
Ethanoldecreases expression, increases abundance, affects cotreatment, increases expression2
Phenylmercuric Acetateaffects cotreatment, increases expression2
aristolochic acid Idecreases expression1
FR900359decreases phosphorylation1
TAK-243increases sumoylation1
trichostatin Aincreases expression1
sodium arsenitedecreases expression1
potassium chromate(VI)decreases expression1
cupric chloridedecreases expression1
S-(1,2-dichlorovinyl)cysteineaffects response to substance, increases expression, affects cotreatment, decreases expression1
2-palmitoylglycerolincreases expression1
4-(5-benzo(1,3)dioxol-5-yl-4-pyridin-2-yl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)benzamideaffects cotreatment, increases expression1
torcetrapibincreases expression1
belinostatdecreases expression1
abrinedecreases expression1
dorsomorphinaffects cotreatment, increases expression1
licochalcone Bdecreases expression1
bisphenol Sincreases expression1
Decitabineaffects expression1
Sunitinibincreases expression1
Vorinostatdecreases expression1

Clinical trials (associated diseases)

0 trials via MONDO — disease-level, not drug-specific.

No linked Atlas pages yet — the cross-entity mesh grows as the corpus expands.