PMFBP1

Summary

PMFBP1 (polyamine modulated factor 1 binding protein 1, HGNC:17728) is a protein-coding gene on chromosome 16q22.2, encoding Polyamine-modulated factor 1-binding protein 1 (Q8TBY8). Required for normal spermatogenesis.

Involved in spermatogenesis. Located in sperm head-tail coupling apparatus. Implicated in spermatogenic failure 31.

Source: NCBI Gene 83449 — RefSeq curated summary.

At a glance

• Gene–disease (curated): spermatogenic failure 31 (Strong, GenCC)
• GWAS associations: 33
• Clinical variants (ClinVar): 189 total — 7 pathogenic, 2 likely-pathogenic
• Phenotypes (HPO): 8
• MANE Select transcript: NM_031293

Identifiers

Gene identifiers

Field	Value
HGNC ID	HGNC:17728
Approved symbol	PMFBP1
Name	polyamine modulated factor 1 binding protein 1
Location	16q22.2
Locus type	gene with protein product
Status	Approved
Ensembl gene	ENSG00000118557
Ensembl biotype	protein_coding
OMIM	618085
Entrez	83449

Gene structure

Transcript identifiers

Ensembl transcripts: 11 — 8 protein_coding, 2 nonsense_mediated_decay, 1 protein_coding_CDS_not_defined

ENST00000237353, ENST00000355636, ENST00000379073, ENST00000535461, ENST00000536211, ENST00000537392, ENST00000537465, ENST00000537792, ENST00000539172, ENST00000540440, ENST00000543746

RefSeq mRNA: 2 — MANE Select: NM_031293 NM_001160213, NM_031293

CCDS: CCDS32483

Canonical transcript exons

ENST00000237353 — 21 exons

Exon	Start	End
ENSE00001406571	72119851	72120089
ENSE00002269650	72119097	72119354
ENSE00002283499	72124767	72124934
ENSE00003605950	72123546	72123649
ENSE00003624612	72122914	72122988
ENSE00004283239	72164764	72164916
ENSE00004283240	72132748	72132991
ENSE00004283241	72172054	72172155
ENSE00004283242	72154211	72154459
ENSE00004283243	72136693	72136819
ENSE00004283244	72125238	72125405
ENSE00004283245	72130533	72130722
ENSE00004283246	72125968	72126132
ENSE00004283247	72150608	72150829
ENSE00004283248	72136448	72136605
ENSE00004283249	72130213	72130357
ENSE00004283250	72171197	72171268
ENSE00004283251	72140412	72140582
ENSE00004283252	72129066	72129233
ENSE00004283253	72128657	72128794
ENSE00004283254	72139289	72139399

Expression profiles

Bgee: expression breadth ubiquitous, 169 present calls, max score 95.48.

FANTOM5 (CAGE): breadth tissue_specific, TPM avg 0.2171 / max 28.2717, expressed in 91 samples.

FANTOM5 promoters (2 alternative TSS)

Promoter ID	TPM avg	Samples expressed
158061	0.2016	86
158063	0.0155	4

Top tissues by expression

283 total, by Bgee expression score (0-100, higher = more expressed):

Tissue	Anatomy ID	Expression score	Quality
sperm	CL:0000019	95.48	gold quality
male germ cell	CL:0000015	92.97	gold quality
right testis	UBERON:0004534	85.75	gold quality
left testis	UBERON:0004533	85.67	gold quality
testis	UBERON:0000473	82.90	gold quality
male germ line stem cell (sensu Vertebrata) in testis	CL:0000089 ∩ UBERON:0000473	82.87	gold quality
primordial germ cell in gonad	CL:0000670 ∩ UBERON:0000991	82.69	gold quality
lower esophagus mucosa	UBERON:0035834	77.91	gold quality
cauda epididymis	UBERON:0004360	77.27	gold quality
mucosa of transverse colon	UBERON:0004991	77.09	gold quality
diaphragm	UBERON:0001103	75.79	gold quality
apex of heart	UBERON:0002098	74.62	gold quality
body of pancreas	UBERON:0001150	74.37	gold quality
granulocyte	CL:0000094	74.28	gold quality
corpus epididymis	UBERON:0004359	73.10	gold quality
small intestine Peyer’s patch	UBERON:0003454	72.03	gold quality
right hemisphere of cerebellum	UBERON:0014890	71.64	gold quality
transverse colon	UBERON:0001157	71.59	gold quality
spleen	UBERON:0002106	71.37	gold quality
cerebellar hemisphere	UBERON:0002245	71.15	gold quality
triceps brachii	UBERON:0001509	71.01	gold quality
cerebellar cortex	UBERON:0002129	70.98	gold quality
rectum	UBERON:0001052	70.82	gold quality
gluteal muscle	UBERON:0002000	70.74	gold quality
sural nerve	UBERON:0015488	70.11	gold quality
right lobe of liver	UBERON:0001114	69.98	gold quality
ventricular zone	UBERON:0003053	69.66	gold quality
esophagus mucosa	UBERON:0002469	69.45	gold quality
small intestine	UBERON:0002108	69.31	gold quality
cerebellum	UBERON:0002037	68.90	gold quality

Single-cell (SCXA)

Detected in 1 experiment(s), a significant marker in 1.

Experiment	Marker?	Max mean expression
E-ANND-3	yes	5.37

Regulation

Is transcription factor: no

miRNA regulators (miRDB)

22 targeting PMFBP1, top 30 by miRDB confidence (max_score; target_count = how many genes the miRNA targets in total — lower means more specific):

miRNA	Max score	Avg score	miRNA target_count
HSA-MIR-548AW	99.99	72.57	3559
HSA-MIR-3065-5P	99.97	71.56	3281
HSA-MIR-205-3P	99.92	69.92	3165
HSA-MIR-3934-3P	99.76	65.51	1351
HSA-MIR-7150	99.62	66.80	1322
HSA-MIR-182-3P	99.57	67.57	825
HSA-MIR-4505	99.27	67.81	2678
HSA-MIR-5787	99.22	67.86	2628
HSA-MIR-4254	99.11	65.15	1315
HSA-MIR-511-5P	98.97	70.94	2268
HSA-MIR-6852-3P	98.54	67.60	1468
HSA-MIR-6780A-3P	98.42	67.49	1518
HSA-MIR-3138	98.41	67.53	744
HSA-MIR-218-2-3P	98.08	67.21	601
HSA-MIR-1266-5P	97.71	66.92	1052
HSA-MIR-3909	97.55	66.78	887
HSA-MIR-3127-5P	97.52	65.24	786
HSA-MIR-3116	97.07	65.78	1324
HSA-MIR-6847-3P	96.50	67.30	582
HSA-MIR-431-5P	96.16	66.50	652
HSA-MIR-3918	96.13	64.65	1300
HSA-MIR-2861	95.24	65.47	1056

Literature-anchored findings (GeneRIF, showing 4)

• our data indicate that PMFBP1 is necessary for sperm morphology in both humans and mice, and that biallelic truncating mutations in PMFBP1 cause acephalic spermatozoa (PMID:30298696)
• Novel mutations in PMFBP1, TSGA10 and SUN5: Expanding the spectrum of mutations that may cause acephalic spermatozoa. (PMID:32285443)
• A novel homozygous missense mutation of PMFBP1 causes acephalic spermatozoa syndrome. (PMID:33484382)
• Patients with acephalic spermatozoa syndrome linked to novel TSGA10/PMFBP1 variants have favorable pregnancy outcomes from intracytoplasmic sperm injection. (PMID:34089195)

Cross-species orthologs

3 orthologs

Organism	Symbol	Gene ID
danio_rerio	pmfbp1	ENSDARG00000101917
mus_musculus	Pmfbp1	ENSMUSG00000031727
rattus_norvegicus	Pmfbp1	ENSRNOG00000014505

Protein

Protein identifiers

Polyamine-modulated factor 1-binding protein 1 — Q8TBY8 (reviewed: Q8TBY8)

All UniProt accessions (8): Q8TBY8, F5GXW3, F5GYR2, F5H0H9, F5H4F8, F5H5J2, F8W771, H0YFP6

UniProt curated annotations — full annotation on UniProt →

Function. Required for normal spermatogenesis. It functions as a scaffold protein that attaches the sperm head-tail connecting piece to the nuclear envelope, thus maintaining sperm head and tail integrity. May also be involved in the general organization of cellular cytoskeleton.

Subcellular location. Cell projection. Cilium. Flagellum.

Disease relevance. Spermatogenic failure 31 (SPGF31) [MIM:618112] An autosomal recessive infertility disorder caused by spermatogenesis defects that result in oligozoospermia with a high proportion of acephalic sperm. The disease is caused by variants affecting the gene represented in this entry.

Isoforms (4)

UniProt ID	Names	Canonical?
Q8TBY8-2	2	yes
Q8TBY8-1	1
Q8TBY8-3	3
Q8TBY8-4	4

RefSeq proteins (2): NP_001153685, NP_112583* (*=MANE)

Domains & families (InterPro)

ID	Name	Type
IPR037391	PMF1-bd	Family

UniProt features (24 total): sequence variant 11, coiled-coil region 6, splice variant 5, chain 1, sequence conflict 1

Structure

Experimental structures (PDB)

0 structures.

Predicted structure (AlphaFold)

Model	pLDDT	Fraction very-high
AF-Q8TBY8-F1	77.80	0.29

Function

Pathways and Gene Ontology

Reactome pathways

0 pathways

MSigDB gene sets: 105 (showing top): chr16q22, GOBP_MALE_GAMETE_GENERATION, MARTINEZ_RB1_TARGETS_UP, GOBP_CELLULAR_PROCESS_INVOLVED_IN_REPRODUCTION_IN_MULTICELLULAR_ORGANISM, GOBP_DEVELOPMENTAL_PROCESS_INVOLVED_IN_REPRODUCTION, PITX2_Q2, GOCC_MOTILE_CILIUM, GOCC_SPERM_PRINCIPAL_PIECE, GOCC_SPERM_MIDPIECE, GOCC_CILIUM, YOSHIMURA_MAPK8_TARGETS_UP, BRUINS_UVC_RESPONSE_EARLY_LATE, GOCC_SPERM_HEAD, GOCC_9PLUS2_MOTILE_CILIUM, BCAT_GDS748_DN

GO Biological Process (6): spermatogenesis (GO:0007283), spermatid development (GO:0007286), intracellular protein localization (GO:0008104), gene expression (GO:0010467), regulation of protein localization (GO:0032880), protein-containing complex assembly (GO:0065003)

GO Molecular Function (0):

GO Cellular Component (7): cytoplasm (GO:0005737), sperm flagellum (GO:0036126), sperm head (GO:0061827), sperm head-tail coupling apparatus (GO:0120212), cilium (GO:0005929), motile cilium (GO:0031514), cell projection (GO:0042995)

GO top-level categories

Rollup of top GO terms by namespace:

Category	Terms
cellular anatomical structure	4
developmental process involved in reproduction	1
male gamete generation	1
germ cell development	1
spermatid differentiation	1
macromolecule localization	1
macromolecule biosynthetic process	1
intracellular protein localization	1
regulation of localization	1
cellular component assembly	1
protein-containing complex organization	1
intracellular anatomical structure	1
9+2 motile cilium	1
intraciliary transport particle	1
membrane-bounded organelle	1
plasma membrane bounded cell projection	1
cilium	1

Protein interactions and networks

STRING

782 interactions, top by confidence (×1000):

Protein A	Protein B	Partner UniProt	Score
PMFBP1	SUN5	Q8TC36	796
PMFBP1	TSGA10	Q9BZW7	711
PMFBP1	SPATA6	Q9NWH7	656
PMFBP1	PMF1	Q6P1K2	626
PMFBP1	A0A087WT04	A0A087WT04	621
PMFBP1	CEP112	Q8N8E3	617
PMFBP1	SPATC1L	Q9H0A9	581
PMFBP1	HOOK1	Q9UJC3	575
PMFBP1	BRDT	Q58F21	566
PMFBP1	MTUS1	Q9ULD2	548
PMFBP1	ELMOD2	Q8IZ81	538
PMFBP1	ENOX1	Q8TC92	487
PMFBP1	SEC61A2	Q9H9S3	484
PMFBP1	SPATA4	Q8NEY3	457
PMFBP1	CETN1	Q12798	453

IntAct

11 interactions, top by confidence:

A	B	Type	Score
MKLN1	HTRA2	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.510
PMFBP1	SLC25A5	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.400
PMFBP1	RPL15	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.400
M		psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
PMFBP1	TACC1	psi-mi:“MI:0914”(association)	0.350
PMFBP1	AAMP	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.000
PMFBP1	MMADHC	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.000
PMFBP1	MKLN1	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.000
PMFBP1	proV2	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.000
PMFBP1	recN	psi-mi:“MI:0915”(physical association)	0.000

BioGRID (13): MKLN1 (Affinity Capture-MS), MMADHC (Affinity Capture-MS), AAMP (Affinity Capture-MS), PMFBP1 (Proximity Label-MS), PMFBP1 (Proximity Label-MS), PMFBP1 (Affinity Capture-MS), CLTCL1 (Affinity Capture-MS), CAMK2A (Affinity Capture-MS), TACC1 (Affinity Capture-MS), SLC25A5 (Cross-Linking-MS (XL-MS)), SOX13 (Cross-Linking-MS (XL-MS)), PMFBP1 (Affinity Capture-RNA), EEF2 (Cross-Linking-MS (XL-MS))

ESM2 similar proteins: A2AIV8, A6NI79, A6PWD2, A6QNP9, A7MC22, A8MYB1, A9ZSY0, B2RZ86, B9V5F5, D3ZNV2, F7DP49, I6L899, P0CAP1, P0DO97, Q05D60, Q08AV7, Q0IHN7, Q0KK56, Q0VG85, Q19UN5, Q32L59, Q4L180, Q5HZK9, Q5U3Z6, Q6AY08, Q6DCD4, Q6DD09, Q6DF48, Q6GLX3, Q7M6Y5, Q8BVC4, Q8BVM7, Q8K3K8, Q8N6Q1, Q8N998, Q8NF67, Q8TBY8, Q95JI9, Q95JK1, Q96Q35

Diamond homologs: Q8TBY8, Q9WVQ0, Q9Z221

SIGNOR signaling

0 interactions.

Disease & clinical

Clinical variants and AI predictions

ClinVar

189 variants total. Per-class counts are floors (≥ shown; pagination cap):

Classification	Count (floor)
Pathogenic	7
Likely pathogenic	2
Uncertain significance	139
Likely benign	20
Benign	11

Top pathogenic / likely-pathogenic (9)

Variant ID	HGVS	Classification
2580173	NM_031293.3(PMFBP1):c.841C>T (p.Gln281Ter)	Pathogenic
3239638	NM_031293.3(PMFBP1):c.361C>T (p.Gln121Ter)	Pathogenic
560417	NM_031293.3(PMFBP1):c.1462C>T (p.Gln488Ter)	Pathogenic
560419	NM_031293.3(PMFBP1):c.2092del (p.Ala698fs)	Pathogenic
619946	NM_031293.3(PMFBP1):c.2561_2562del (p.Lys854fs)	Pathogenic
619947	NM_031293.3(PMFBP1):c.327T>A (p.Tyr109Ter)	Pathogenic
807468	NM_031293.3(PMFBP1):c.2278_2281del (p.Lys760fs)	Pathogenic
2499679	NM_031293.3(PMFBP1):c.1888G>T (p.Glu630Ter)	Likely pathogenic
3780446	NM_031293.3(PMFBP1):c.13-1G>A	Likely pathogenic

SpliceAI

2760 predictions. Top by Δscore:

Variant	Effect	Δscore
16:72122906:TGACT:T	donor_loss	1.0000
16:72122907:GACTT:G	donor_loss	1.0000
16:72122909:CT:C	donor_loss	1.0000
16:72122910:TT:T	donor_loss	1.0000
16:72122911:TA:T	donor_loss	1.0000
16:72122912:A:AC	donor_gain	1.0000
16:72122912:ACT:A	donor_gain	1.0000
16:72122912:ACTC:A	donor_gain	1.0000
16:72122913:C:CT	donor_gain	1.0000
16:72122913:CT:C	donor_gain	1.0000
16:72122913:CTC:C	donor_gain	1.0000
16:72122913:CTCC:C	donor_gain	1.0000
16:72122913:CTCCT:C	donor_gain	1.0000
16:72122930:G:C	donor_gain	1.0000
16:72124762:CCCA:C	donor_loss	1.0000
16:72124763:CCA:C	donor_loss	1.0000
16:72124764:CAC:C	donor_loss	1.0000
16:72124765:A:AT	donor_loss	1.0000
16:72124765:ACCT:A	donor_gain	1.0000
16:72124766:CCTC:C	donor_gain	1.0000
16:72124768:T:TA	donor_gain	1.0000
16:72124773:ATCGT:A	donor_gain	1.0000
16:72124777:T:TA	donor_gain	1.0000
16:72124813:T:TA	donor_gain	1.0000
16:72124823:C:CA	donor_gain	1.0000
16:72125236:A:T	donor_loss	1.0000
16:72125236:ACCT:A	donor_gain	1.0000
16:72125237:CCTC:C	donor_gain	1.0000
16:72125239:T:TA	donor_gain	1.0000
16:72125247:ACTCT:A	donor_gain	1.0000

AlphaMissense

6735 scored. Top likely-pathogenic:

Variant	Protein change	am_pathogenicity
16:72136743:A:G	L332P	0.990
16:72136731:A:G	L336P	0.984
16:72136755:A:G	L328P	0.978
16:72140443:A:G	L259P	0.976
16:72124912:A:G	L815P	0.975
16:72125269:A:G	L797P	0.973
16:72125290:A:G	L790P	0.969
16:72125987:A:G	L745P	0.957
16:72136581:A:G	L357P	0.954
16:72154220:T:A	K135N	0.954
16:72154220:T:G	K135N	0.954
16:72124923:A:C	F811L	0.950
16:72124923:A:T	F811L	0.950
16:72124925:A:G	F811L	0.950
16:72150691:A:C	Y185D	0.950
16:72126089:A:G	L711P	0.949
16:72124883:A:G	W825R	0.948
16:72124883:A:T	W825R	0.948
16:72126081:C:G	A714P	0.948
16:72140431:A:G	L263P	0.946
16:72164864:A:G	L22P	0.946
16:72139389:C:G	R273P	0.945
16:72140440:C:G	R260P	0.944
16:72154251:A:G	L125P	0.942
16:72164873:A:G	L19P	0.939
16:72125404:A:G	L752P	0.935
16:72136587:A:G	L355P	0.933
16:72136593:A:G	L353P	0.933
16:72125979:C:G	A748P	0.931
16:72120042:A:G	L939P	0.930

dbSNP variants (sampled 300 via entrez): RS1000054943 (16:72247058 C>G,T), RS1000105982 (16:72140464 T>A), RS1000108402 (16:72229300 G>C), RS1000110546 (16:72247433 G>C), RS1000124637 (16:72190951 G>T), RS1000141569 (16:72236301 T>C), RS1000179070 (16:72218686 T>C), RS1000249740 (16:72212726 G>C), RS1000259023 (16:72143935 G>C), RS1000289533 (16:72223627 A>G), RS1000309919 (16:72144256 A>G), RS1000329990 (16:72185314 G>A,T), RS1000337368 (16:72137420 A>G), RS1000362058 (16:72223847 A>G), RS1000377474 (16:72143809 G>A,C)

Disease associations

OMIM: gene MIM:618085 | disease phenotypes: MIM:618112

GenCC curated gene-disease

Disease	Classification	Inheritance
spermatogenic failure 31	Strong	Autosomal recessive

Mondo (2): spermatogenic failure 31 (MONDO:0020852), oligospermia (MONDO:0001913)

Orphanet (0):

HPO phenotypes

8 total (8 of 8 shown, HPO-id order):

HPO	Term
HP:0000007	Autosomal recessive inheritance
HP:0000798	Oligozoospermia
HP:0002916	Abnormality of chromosome segregation
HP:0003251	Male infertility
HP:0008226	Androgen insufficiency
HP:0012207	Reduced sperm motility
HP:0012867	Abnormal sperm mid-piece morphology
HP:0012869	Acephalic spermatozoa

GWAS associations

33 associations (top):

Study	Trait	p-value
GCST001276_4	Liver enzyme levels (alkaline phosphatase)	5.000000e-09
GCST004103_2	Body mass index (change over time) in cancer or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease	8.000000e-06
GCST004106_1	Body mass index (change over time) in cancer	5.000000e-06
GCST005839_18	Depression	3.000000e-08
GCST006483_40	Lung function (FVC)	6.000000e-10
GCST006483_41	Lung function (FVC)	8.000000e-06
GCST007323_64	Risk-taking tendency (4-domain principal component model)	2.000000e-12
GCST007335_28	Age at first sexual intercourse	5.000000e-09
GCST007565_159	Morning person	3.000000e-19
GCST007565_48	Morning person	3.000000e-15
GCST007576_25	Chronotype	3.000000e-19
GCST008037_20	Low density lipoprotein cholesterol levels	1.000000e-06
GCST008037_46	Low density lipoprotein cholesterol levels	1.000000e-09
GCST008045_10	Total cholesterol levels	9.000000e-10
GCST008045_36	Total cholesterol levels	3.000000e-07
GCST008363_127	Offspring birth weight	7.000000e-09
GCST008757_16	Alcohol consumption	2.000000e-12
GCST008811_7	Alcohol consumption (drinks per week)	2.000000e-08
GCST009240_400	Serum metabolite levels (CMS)	4.000000e-10
GCST009600_70	Anorexia nervosa, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, autism spectrum disorder, bipolar disorder, major depression, obsessive-compulsive disorder, schizophrenia, or Tourette syndrome (pleiotropy)	3.000000e-09
GCST009652_28	Serum alkaline phosphatase levels	5.000000e-13
GCST010002_114	Refractive error	4.000000e-10
GCST010083_65	Hemoglobin levels	7.000000e-09
GCST010241_420	Apolipoprotein A1 levels	1.000000e-12
GCST010244_412	Triglyceride levels	5.000000e-10
GCST010245_131	LDL cholesterol levels	8.000000e-25
GCST010988_48	Adult body size	4.000000e-10
GCST90002396_595	Mean reticulocyte volume	2.000000e-11
GCST90011898_46	Alanine aminotransferase levels	3.000000e-16
GCST90011900_128	Serum alkaline phosphatase levels	1.000000e-28

EFO canonical traits (15, from GWAS)

EFO ID	Trait name
EFO:0004533	alkaline phosphatase measurement
EFO:0005937	longitudinal BMI measurement
EFO:0004312	vital capacity
EFO:0008579	risk-taking behaviour
EFO:0009749	age at first sexual intercourse measurement
EFO:0008328	chronotype measurement
EFO:0004611	low density lipoprotein cholesterol measurement
EFO:0004574	total cholesterol measurement
EFO:0004344	birth weight
EFO:0005939	parental genotype effect measurement
EFO:0004509	hemoglobin measurement
EFO:0004614	apolipoprotein A 1 measurement
EFO:0004530	triglyceride measurement
EFO:0010701	mean reticulocyte volume
EFO:0004532	serum gamma-glutamyl transferase measurement

MeSH disease descriptors (1)

Descriptor	Name	Tree numbers
D009845	Oligospermia	C12.100.500.430.508; C12.100.750.700.508; C12.200.294.430.508

Drugs & pharmacology

Drug and pharmacology data

Is drug target: no

PharmGKB: 1 entry (VIP=true, CPIC=false)

CTD chemical–gene interactions

15 total (human), top 15 by PubMed support.

Chemical	Actions (top 5)	PubMed papers
sodium arsenite	affects methylation, decreases expression, increases expression	3
Benzo(a)pyrene	affects methylation, increases mutagenesis	2
Aflatoxin B1	decreases expression, increases methylation	2
aristolochic acid I	decreases expression	1
propionaldehyde	decreases expression	1
bisphenol A	affects cotreatment, decreases methylation	1
arsenite	affects binding, decreases reaction	1
hydroquinone	increases expression	1
S-(1,2-dichlorovinyl)cysteine	affects response to substance, increases expression	1
Fulvestrant	affects cotreatment, decreases methylation	1
Cisplatin	decreases expression	1
Lipopolysaccharides	decreases expression, affects response to substance, increases expression	1
Tobacco Smoke Pollution	decreases expression	1
Urethane	decreases expression	1
S-Nitrosoglutathione	decreases expression	1

Clinical trials (associated diseases)

26 trials via MONDO — disease-level, not drug-specific.

Trial	Phase	Status	Title
NCT02307994	PHASE4	UNKNOWN	Clinical Research on Effectiveness and Safety of Treatment of Severe Oligospermia or Azoospermia With uFSH
NCT05320536	PHASE4	UNKNOWN	A Clinical Study of Gulingji Capsule in the Treatment of Idiopathic Oligospermia, Asthenia, and Teratozoospermia
NCT06260007	PHASE4	RECRUITING	Efficacy and Safety Study of Products Based on Tribulus Terrestris, L. in Men With Oligospermia
NCT00440180	PHASE3	TERMINATED	Aromatase Inhibitors in the Treatment of Male Infertility
NCT01409837	PHASE2	COMPLETED	The Effect and Safety of Lisinopril in Non-hypertensive Men With Infertility From Low Sperm Count
NCT02234206	PHASE2	COMPLETED	A Clinical Trial to Study the Safety and Efficacy of Chandrakanthi Choornam in Patients With Low Sperm Count
NCT07481370	PHASE2	ENROLLING_BY_INVITATION	Isotretinoin vs hCG for Male Infertility Due to Low or Absent Sperm
NCT05158114	PHASE1	WITHDRAWN	Safety of Cultured Allogeneic Adult Umbilical Cord Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Testicular Injury and Oligospermia
NCT02063256	PHASE2/PHASE3	UNKNOWN	7 NUTS Study. Diet Modification and Male Fertility.
NCT06869863	PHASE1/PHASE2	RECRUITING	Study of Tolerability, Safety, Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics and Preliminary Efficacy of the Medicinal Product MediReg®
NCT00479960	EARLY_PHASE1	UNKNOWN	A Preliminary Study on Effect of Omega-3 on Human Sperm
NCT06342856	EARLY_PHASE1	UNKNOWN	Evaluation of Treatment With Coenzyme Q10 and L-Carnitine on Semen Parameters in Infertile Men With Idiopathic Oligoasthenoteratospermia
NCT00548977	Not specified	COMPLETED	Genetic Studies Spermatogenic Failure
NCT01239186	Not specified	COMPLETED	Identification and Characterization of the Methylation Abnormalities on Whole Genome Among Infertile Men
NCT01509482	Not specified	COMPLETED	Insulin Resistance in Idiopathic Oligospermia and Azoospermia
NCT01520584	Not specified	UNKNOWN	Supplement Intake in Infertile Men;the Effect on Sperm Parameters,Fertilization Rate and Embryo Quality
NCT01828710	Not specified	COMPLETED	Myo-inositol on Human Semen Parameters
NCT01856361	Not specified	TERMINATED	Ramipril for the Treatment of Oligospermia
NCT02155179	Not specified	COMPLETED	Sperm Pathology Samples and Morphokinetics
NCT03898752	Not specified	COMPLETED	Is Oxidative Stress in Semen Reduced by Lifestyle Intervention
NCT04349345	Not specified	COMPLETED	Seminal Fluid’s Changes Over 20 Years
NCT04795440	Not specified	COMPLETED	Comparison of ICSI Outcomes in Cycles Using Testicular and Ejaculate Sperm From Couples With High SDF
NCT05506722	Not specified	UNKNOWN	Using of Testes Shocker in Improving the Spermatogenesis and Sperms Activity
NCT05842239	Not specified	RECRUITING	Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy for Men Suffering From Infertility Due to Oligospermia.
NCT06202469	Not specified	COMPLETED	Creatine and Ubiquinol for Sperm Quality
NCT07357701	Not specified	RECRUITING	Identifying Genome Variants in Non-Obstructive Azoospermia (NOA) or Primary Ovarian Insufficiency (POI)